[HN Gopher] 300k airplanes in five years
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       300k airplanes in five years
        
       Author : juliangamble
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2024-05-23 12:58 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.construction-physics.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.construction-physics.com)
        
       | melling wrote:
       | Here's a video about how China out produces the United States in
       | ship building.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/tRVVXDyg3RY?si=Yin_cVGx57IHavUr
        
         | encoderer wrote:
         | Germany grossly out-produced America -- until America actually
         | started trying.
        
           | jononomo wrote:
           | What if China actually started trying? They have 3x the
           | population that the US has.
        
             | stanleykm wrote:
             | I don't think you get it. It's actually impossible for
             | other countries to beat the US at anything.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Superman Syndrome
        
               | NotSammyHagar wrote:
               | You must be making a sarcastic comment, right?
               | 
               | Some people do honestly believe that because god is on
               | 'our' side, the us and constitution were divinely
               | motivated and everything in it was coming from god
               | somehow. All the horrible justifications are still being
               | made today about that stuff.
        
             | Hayvok wrote:
             | Population is a single, low-resolution parameter into a
             | theoretical ship-building-capacity equation, which really
             | needs a basket of parameters. Raw resource availability,
             | fuel capabilities, naval training, coastline details, etc.
             | 
             | Great Britain historically had a fraction of the population
             | of France and other European powers, but consistently out-
             | produced the rest in ships and projecting naval power.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | China produces 12 times as much steel as the US, per
               | year.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_steel_
               | pro...
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | China had an even bigger advantage in population in 1930
             | (~474:123MM). Population is one factor, but not a
             | determinitive one.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | More like 4x, and closing in on 5x. And China has done a
             | good job of tying many smaller nations, globally not just
             | regionally, to themselves economically. That gives them an
             | edge in terms of resource extraction where the US has been
             | losing ground. It doesn't help that the US also sends many
             | "waste" products to China like steel that could be
             | processed and reused domestically.
             | 
             | And then there's just the cluster fuck that is the US
             | defense industry. Who could make aircraft for the US in
             | mass numbers anymore? Boeing can't even figure out if they
             | installed a few bolts, NG can't do basic maintenance
             | without wrecking a plane, LM will get you your aircraft for
             | 5x the initial estimate and a decade late.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > And China has done a good job of tying many smaller
               | nations, globally not just regionally, to themselves
               | economically. That gives them an edge in terms of
               | resource extraction
               | 
               | The US has the capacity, in the event of conflict, to
               | nullify most if not all of the out-of-region advantage
               | China has in resource extraction, unless China's build up
               | pre-conflict is sufficient to nullify the global force
               | projection capacities provided by the US Navy and the US
               | Air Force to which China currently has no equivalent or
               | counter beyond its region.
               | 
               | (The US usually presents these capacities as being
               | oriented to _protecting_ free resource flow in peacetime,
               | but they can be directed at the opposite purpose equally
               | well.)
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Presently, yes. If China doesn't push too hard, though,
               | they've got the right partnerships in place to start
               | building out a global military presence under the same
               | pretenses as the US within its partner nations' borders.
               | Give it a decade (maybe less) of serious effort on their
               | part and they could rival the US globally, not just
               | regionally.
               | 
               | If they decide to start a hot war (say by invading
               | Taiwan) today, then it'd be catastrophic for them. Most
               | of those partnerships would dry up (by being a good
               | excuse to end a bad deal for the partner nations or by
               | force from the US and other nations).
        
               | NotSammyHagar wrote:
               | Yeah, but if they do it 10 years from now, it could well
               | be different. Thus the very interesting book, "2034: A
               | Novel of the Next World War", 2022, by Elliot Ackerman
               | (Author), Admiral James Stavridis USN (Author).
               | 
               | The interesting thing was about how India had also
               | advanced in those 10 years from now.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | A hot war would massively disrupt trade, among that food.
               | The US provide a significant proportion of food to China.
               | I am not sure if China could survive on a smaller food
               | supply but it would mean austerity if that was the case.
               | Worst case scenario, they cannot use their manpower
               | advantage because they need that for their farm.
        
               | TulliusCicero wrote:
               | Closing in? China's population fell in 2023, whereas the
               | US is still growing.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Ok, 4.1somethingx and closing in on 4.1somethingx. Either
               | way, substantially more than just 3x the US population.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | I mean, if there's a WW3 where winning is predicated on
             | "who can make the most planes", then, eh, maybe that might
             | be a relevant question. But that doesn't seem particularly
             | likely; even if there were to be a WW3, it would probably
             | not be a Plane-Building Olympics.
        
               | NotSammyHagar wrote:
               | Drones and missiles will be perhaps the most important.
               | One day it will be military robots. And guess who can
               | makes the mass quantities of drones and missiles.
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | For a more modern example, one of my former employers had to
           | ramp by a couple of orders of magnitude to build ventilators
           | during Covid-19. One of my former coworkers told me the story
           | of having to go to Detroit and build a factory there, and how
           | they were able to go from 10-20 a day to hundreds a day by
           | hard work and know-how.
           | 
           | The point I'm trying to make here is that the will to do this
           | still exists in the US today and I have no doubt that if we
           | as a country decided to enter a world war like WWII we would
           | very quickly ramp. We certainly still have the culture and
           | the resources to do it were we to discover the will.
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | This will happen again with drones. No doubt China is watching
       | Russia closely and ramping up their production. What we're seeing
       | now with FPV and bomber quadcopters is literally the equivalent
       | of WWI biplanes tossing grenades and mortar shells, which only
       | took a decade to become long range strategic bombers dropping
       | thousands of pounds. Once the production is in place, autonomous
       | swarms are an inevitability. And we will be forced to match.
        
         | NotSammyHagar wrote:
         | Great observation. I have this idea (apparently semi-obvious
         | based on this discussion) that if there is a future war with
         | China (sure hope we can avoid it), in terms of production and
         | technology, the US is in Germany's position and China is in the
         | place of the US in WW2 parlance.
         | 
         | There are the obvious parallels where the US has great advanced
         | technology, China can sure make things in mass quantities; also
         | they have plenty of brilliant engineers and scientists and can
         | figure out anything. Some obvous differences are the US has
         | been where people from the world flee to, to get freedom and
         | liberty; now we are in a serious period of retrenchment though,
         | with certain (ahem) groups wanting to restrict the books in the
         | library if they are idealogically unacceptable and also anti-
         | science and anti-education etc going along with that. China is
         | not the place you want to go to if you are going to introduce
         | heterodoxical ideas.
         | 
         | There are also all the echos of the '20s and '30s in our
         | current times in the US and the world, groups of countries
         | pushing different ideas and coming together in blocks. We have
         | instant communication, nukes make everything even more serious
         | than that time. The new ascendant anti-democratic countries
         | want their shot at power and riches too.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > Some obvous differences are the US has been where people
           | from the world flee to, to get freedom and liberty
           | 
           | This has always been much more important than dead capital.
        
             | NotSammyHagar wrote:
             | I think so too, but it doesn't seem like most people
             | remember this.
        
         | Teever wrote:
         | I'm terrified that America won't be able to match Chinese
         | industrial capacity for killbot type drones.
         | 
         | Does anyone know if anyone has stared the infrastructure to
         | produce these things en masse in the US? If so, how can someone
         | with heavy construction experience, CAD skills, and embedded
         | experience become a part of that?
        
           | AnarchismIsCool wrote:
           | It's a bit more complicated than just production capacity of
           | shitty quadcopters. The limiting factor with them isn't the
           | airframe, you can make that out of literal tree branches and
           | duct tape. The part that's important is the chips and US
           | leadership seems very intent on fixing that, the question is
           | if they're capable of doing so.
           | 
           | We also don't know what form drones will take as the
           | technology matures. Quadcopters are common right now because
           | they require exactly zero aerodynamic knowledge to build or
           | fly. Any tween with an AliExpress+YouTube account could
           | design, build, and fly all of the systems we've seen to date.
           | As the systems become more automated in the face of EWAR,
           | lasers, shotguns, whatever, expect a reversion to high speed
           | fixed wing systems that trade a little bit of CDF knowledge
           | for order-of-magnitude performance improvement in basically
           | all realms (payload, range, endurance, speed, survivability
           | etc).
        
             | surfingdino wrote:
             | We are already working on unmanned autonomous drones the
             | size of a fighter jet
             | https://www.defensenews.com/air/2024/04/19/us-air-force-
             | stag...
        
               | AnarchismIsCool wrote:
               | I'm well aware, but that's not what the commenter was
               | referring to.
        
           | surfingdino wrote:
           | I am not worried. History likes to rhyme and I think China
           | will do a switcheroo on Russia and align itself with the West
           | for the purpose of dismantling Russia's military and
           | industry, just like the Soviet Union switched sides from
           | being an ally of Germany in 1939 to working with the Western
           | Allies on breaking Germany's neck. The West will make some
           | concessions, but they will be seen as worth the price of
           | breaking Russia up.
        
             | ArnoVW wrote:
             | Russia changed sides when Hitler invaded Russia. Not sure
             | we can count on Putin making that mistake.
        
               | surfingdino wrote:
               | All he has to do is fire one nuke and China will gladly
               | listen to the US' suggestion that we should take these
               | toys away from Russia.
        
               | dieortin wrote:
               | Russia is still the country with the highest amount of
               | nuclear warheads on the planet. How would anyone "take
               | them away"?
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | Agreed. If you look back at the Cold War era, you'll lose
             | count of the number of times China and Russia embraced each
             | other with lofty rhetoric, each proclaiming to be the
             | other's BFF, only to end up butting heads again after a few
             | years.
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | Anyone else feel like in today's world, China could do this
       | better than the US?
        
         | dzink wrote:
         | They could, but China has to feed a Billion people through
         | manufacturing and trade with foreign countries. To keep the
         | peace, they dedicate a huge % of their military to internal
         | policing. They have a soft influence policy vs the US hard, or
         | their trade imbalance can turn violent.
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | When I last visited China in 2002, the military was both a
           | jobs program and involved in public works projects similar to
           | the US Corps of Engineers but with higher priority.
        
             | pie420 wrote:
             | This is every military in the history of the world.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | The US military does not do a lot of domestic work,
               | because it would undermine the private sector.
               | 
               | It could, though, and it could do a lot of good. But it
               | doesn't.
        
         | bojan wrote:
         | That really depends on your definition of "better".
         | 
         | In China the entities connected to the CCP are excepted from a
         | lot of laws that slow down processes or make them more
         | expensive.
         | 
         | In the US is that way less the case.
        
           | NotSammyHagar wrote:
           | I'm sure they lessened the rules, we have endless examples.
           | Think about how dangerous your job is if your expected
           | mission lifetime is extremely short, and it's a total all out
           | war for survival, we are willing to risk it (willing to risk
           | you).
           | 
           | In 1943 the expected average life expectancy of a B-17 (crew
           | and aircraft) was only to survive 11 missions! My Aunt's
           | father was in one that was shotdown, he survived being a POW
           | and came home after the war.
           | 
           | https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/black-week-
           | da....
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > In the US is that way less the case.
           | 
           | Day-to-day, sure.
           | 
           | In a national mobilization (even without additional action of
           | Congress) when the President's emergency powers in law are
           | deployed to enable production? Things change _radically_.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | China makes 30 times more aluminium per year than the US.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aluminium...
        
           | foota wrote:
           | While true, it looks like bauxite is mostly mined from
           | Australia, with a long tail of other countries, many of which
           | are within the US sphere of influence or far from China.
           | 
           | The biggest exception seems to be Vietnam, with a very large
           | reserve of bauxite (and obviously quite geographically close
           | to China).
        
             | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
             | Economic interdependency helps keep the relative cold war
             | peace amongst frenemies, while tariffs and trade wars are
             | likely to increase the risks of proxy wars and direct
             | military conflict.
        
           | cpursley wrote:
           | And already 3x more vehicles.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Authoritarian governments have a yin / yang superpower to get
         | things done without bureaucracy, and at the same time very much
         | not get things done very well at all.
        
         | maxglute wrote:
         | It's already obvious.
         | 
         | 230x ship building advantage, more dry tonnage per year than
         | entire 5 year US ship building program in WW2... US advangage
         | over JP in WW2 aws charitably 20:1. That's just in one "mature"
         | industry, PRC isn't just better in US, it's magnitude better
         | than US ever was relative to peers. Another example is their
         | revelation of _one_ gigafactory for 1k cruise missile
         | components a day. JP is buying 400 tomahawks over next few
         | years for 1.5B. PRC indicating they can do that in one shift.
         | US has 4000 stockpiled, replacing at ~100 per year. Some of the
         | production figures are very lopsidded. Meanwhile they're
         | addding about as industrial robots/automation than RoW, and
         | industry is going to get increasingly cheap renewable inputs.
         | The advantages are snowballing.
         | 
         | US still ahead in aviation due to committing to mature tech,
         | but PRC knocking out their 5th J20 already 100+ per year.
         | SpaceX is next as PRC pursues their mega constellation. I think
         | people are prematurely jerking to SpaceX payload lead, they
         | have a short term competitive advantage in doing high capacity
         | launches on "small/medium scale", read: American scale with ~40
         | resusable rocket fleet. It the economics justified it, no
         | reason PRC wouldn't have 400 falcon 9s. The TLDR is once
         | indigenize tech matures, PRC can pursue incredible economies of
         | scale, and build up enough production capacity to exceed
         | aggregate production of others in 5-10 years.
        
           | NotSammyHagar wrote:
           | I don't think you can just copy SpaceX's falcon 9 reusibility
           | and landing just by wanting to do it. Even once you've got
           | the basic system it takes years and years of iteration to
           | make it better step by step. Only one company in the west has
           | really done any of that, and if spacex wasn't around no one
           | would believe it could be done.
           | 
           | I'm sure it can be done eventually by China though, they are
           | just as smart as anyone else. Can they organize their
           | scientific and engineering forces as well? Knowing it can be
           | done is a huge help.
        
             | maxglute wrote:
             | They've got a multiple PRC commercial companies with
             | successfuly reusable tests. We'll know more in next few
             | years. TLDR is state level "direction" to pursue reusable
             | lauch + mega constellations only started last few years
             | (probably saw value in UKR war). I think SpaceX tech is
             | probably easier to copy vs military, once idea proven to
             | work as you said, PRC pretty good at iterating and
             | replicating, and scaling, provided there's reason for it,
             | i.e. no idea how much payload demand outside of
             | megaconstellations. US uniquely advantaged because they
             | work with a lot of developed countries with their own
             | launch needs that US provides. Some initial estimates for
             | PRC mega constellation(s) is IIRC putting up 1500 before
             | 2030, and 13000-26000 by 2035 to show the projected launch
             | curve. Which TBF is like 30-40 rocket tier of demand.
             | Question is if they find something to justify spamming
             | magnitude more launch capabilities, and pertinent to this
             | article, if they did, it's probably going to be
             | weaponinizing space.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Some context for US/Japan WW II:
           | 
           | In 1943, the US built more than half as many Fleet carriers
           | as Japan fielded over the entire war (15 vs 28), while also
           | producing an absurd number of escort carriers. In the last
           | year of the war, the US built about as many F6F (Hellcat)
           | fighters as Japan built A6M (Zeros) in the previous 5 years
           | (the F6F is generally considered far superior to the A6M; the
           | F4F is the older contemporary of the A6M).
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | The US must come to terms with ceding its monopoly on
           | superpower status because other countries have caught up, but
           | it also has correctable problems on multiple fronts due to:
           | 
           | - Lack of infrastructure investment
           | 
           | - Civic infighting
           | 
           | - Political divisions, distractions, and corruption
           | 
           | - Social regression
           | 
           | - Gender disparity in undergraduate education
           | 
           | - Declining standards of living
        
             | surfingdino wrote:
             | Power will be projected in the future through alliances
             | with Australia, Japan, and Great Britain. The problems you
             | listed are real, but they are solvable.
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | Yeah, it's important to remember that the US has friends.
               | - and the list of friends is very long!
               | 
               | My favorite example of how good friends the US has is
               | that the primary objective for Norway in Afghanistan was
               | quote:                   "The first and most important
               | objective throughout was the Alliance dimension:
               | to support the US and safeguard NATO's continued
               | relevance."
               | 
               | source: https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/09faceca
               | 099c4b8bac8...
               | 
               | You have good friends if their primary war objective is
               | to support you.
               | 
               | I think that these days, a lot of Europeans are being
               | reminded that the US is a friend. So long as US politics
               | can avoid undermining NATO the US won't be short on
               | friends.
        
               | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
               | Absolutely. I think the prime problem is large swaths of
               | the American populace has lost hope, confidence, and
               | resiliency. OTOH, people in China have a much more of a
               | "can do" attitude buoyed by achievements and rapid
               | progress. America needs younger politicians and leaders
               | out there delivering projects and emanating positive
               | vibes of hope and possibility.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | They're also about 5x faster bringing new weapon systems
         | online. They have a drone aircraft carrier.
        
       | rsynnott wrote:
       | Huh. There were _800k_ aircraft built during the war. Hadn't
       | realised it was anything close to that. That's easily over a
       | million pilots - how on earth did they train them all?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | Not all the aircraft built were used by the US: a sizable
         | minority (18% according to one contemporary source [0]) were
         | transferred (by sale or lend-lease) to other allies.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-
         | hist...
        
         | wffurr wrote:
         | Quickly and dangerously. There's an entire cemetery dedicated
         | to RAF pilot cadets in Montgomery, Alabama killed during
         | training at US airfields.
         | 
         | * https://www.findagrave.com/virtual-cemetery/622200
         | 
         | *
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakwood_Cemetery_(Montgomery,_...
        
           | skullone wrote:
           | That's sombering, words can't express the gravity of that war
        
           | abadpoli wrote:
           | Seems like an overstatement to say "an entire cemetery". Per
           | the Wikipedia page, the cemetery is 120 acres with 200,000
           | grave sites, but only 78 of the graves are RAF students
           | (which still is a terrible amount of people to lose in
           | training, of all things).
        
             | RecycledEle wrote:
             | Many military personnel die in training.
             | 
             | If you are not losing a few people in training, you are not
             | pushing things hard enough.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | I think it's fair enough if it was enough they thought to
             | make that a specific section. You probably wouldn't be
             | commenting about it if it so happened that the entire site
             | was .1 acre and only the student pilots.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | There was an analog flight stimulator used by over 500k pilots
         | which helped, but this was war they accepted extremely high
         | casualty rates and not just from enemy action.
         | 
         | https://www.nasflmuseum.com/link-trainer.html
        
           | pchristensen wrote:
           | I recently read Masters of the Air, and it said that over
           | 10,000 Americans from the 8th Air Force died over English
           | soil, most from accidents during takeoff and assembling
           | forces.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | As late as the 1960s, the career death rate for US fighter
           | pilots was about one in five, without any help from an enemy.
           | There's a book, "The Making of an Ex-Astronaut", from someone
           | who made it through astronaut training but then realized they
           | didn't want to take the risk of pilot training in a T-38.
           | 
           | The T-38 jet trainer, first flight in 1959, still in use:
           | 1,189 built, 210 crashes and ejections.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | > how on earth did they train them all?
         | 
         | A few days of classroom instruction, 40-100 flight hours of
         | practical training (Less in the Axis, due to oil shortages,
         | less in the USSR at the start of the war, due to the all-hands-
         | on-deck state of emergency), and then it's off to war with you.
         | 
         | Axis pilots would fly until they were killed, seriously
         | injured, or captured. Anglosphere bomber pilots would fly ~30
         | combat missions, and if they survived, would be rotated out to
         | work as instructors.
         | 
         | The average combat survival rate for bomber pilots was ~10
         | missions, but due to the infrequency of flights, most Anglo
         | bomber crews survived the war, without ever hitting their
         | rotation limit. Meanwhile, in the Pacific theater, the more
         | missions bomber crews flew, the bigger the rotation limits grew
         | (Because survival rates improved, the generals in charge
         | figured that it would be reasonable to ask crews to fly more
         | missions.) The air crews were, understandably, _not very
         | pleased about this_.
         | 
         | Fighter pilots had much higher quotas, before they could rotate
         | out.
        
       | bogtog wrote:
       | > Between 1939 and 1944, the value of aircraft produced annually
       | in the U.S. increased by a factor of 70, and the total weight of
       | aircraft produced (a common measure of aircraft industry output)
       | increased by a factor of 64
       | 
       | Something about evaluating production quantity by weight always
       | puts a smile on my face
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Just like lines of code, it's a very useful metric.
         | 
         | ... As long as you don't do something stupid with it, like
         | using it to evaluate people.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | Someone who successfully ran an organization that
           | successfully delivered 70 4,000-tonne ships is probably more
           | qualified to be put in charge of building an aircraft
           | carrier, than someone who delivered 70 4,000-lb boats.
           | 
           | When it comes to material goods that dramatically vary in
           | size (ships, planes, bombs), tonnage is usually a good first
           | metric.
        
           | cowgoesmoo wrote:
           | It's hard to abuse for aircraft - you can't just strap a
           | bunch of lead to a plane because then it won't fly.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Was that a requirement in the contract? Mine says just need
             | to produce a certain number of planes. There's nothing in
             | there that says the plane must be able to fly. If that's
             | what you wanted, you should have stipulated that during
             | negotiations. Remember, you picked fast and cheap.
        
         | alanbernstein wrote:
         | It seems reasonable if you're thinking about the amount of
         | material that must be sourced, transported, processed, etc.
         | also serves as a check that the newly produced planes weren't
         | simply 70x smaller than before.
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | The ussr tried to do this. You can still find lamps made of
         | lead manufactured in that era.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | > As late as 1941, the U.K. was building more planes per year
       | than the U.S. But by 1942, the U.S. was building roughly as many
       | aircraft as Germany, Japan, the U.K. and Italy combined.
       | 
       | Wow. Unbelievable
        
       | kgeist wrote:
       | >It's no secret that the Allies won World War II on the back of
       | the U.S.'s enormous industrial output.
       | 
       | The author ignores the USSR completely in their article, except
       | for a brief mention in the graphs (where it's #2). 157k planes is
       | impressive, too, considering that many of the factories had to
       | evacuate to Siberia. 22k planes were also additionally leased by
       | the US and the UK.
        
         | NotSammyHagar wrote:
         | That's true, the ussr did some impressive things, and the
         | millions of deaths they suffered fighting the germans in ww2
         | can't be forgotten, along with the impact of their weakening of
         | the german forces over time.
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | It definitely is, but the US' industrial output wasn't limited
         | to just planes, and the USSR received a ton of supplies and
         | equipment from the US to bolster its war machine.
        
         | pie420 wrote:
         | The vast majority of the USSR factories were funded by american
         | cash. Without the US, Germany wins WW2 handily. Without the
         | USSR, the united states drops nukes on berlin in 1946 and
         | handily wins ww2 by 1947.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | Those factories were paid with Soviet money, but many were
           | built by Western companies in the 20s and 30s. Because
           | apparently communism was not such a big deal after all, as
           | long as you could benefit from it.
           | 
           | Germany had already lost the war before Lend-Lease had a
           | significant impact. The offensives of 1941 and 1942 failed
           | before Western aid started arriving in significant
           | quantities. The aid had much more impact on the Soviet
           | offensive, particularly on the logistics side. It can be
           | argued that Lend-Lease won Eastern Europe for the USSR.
           | 
           | As far as I understand, there are two schools of thought on
           | what would have happened without Lend-Lease. In one, the USSR
           | would have won anyway, but the war would have lasted until
           | 1946 or 1947 and it would have been even bloodier and more
           | destructive. In another, the USSR would also have lost, and
           | there would have been an uneasy peace between them and
           | Germany. In both cases, I'd assume the US would not see the
           | Continental Europe worth fighting for.
        
         | guurfhihh46775 wrote:
         | US propaganda at its best.
         | 
         | If you'd asked the continentals as to who was responsible for
         | ending the war in Europe, the overwhelming majority in the
         | 40/50s would've answered "the Soviets".
        
           | yreg wrote:
           | True, but that's also partially thanks to the Russian
           | propaganda at its best.
           | 
           | (I live in a post-communist country.)
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | The Soviets weren't very popular at the time in most of
           | Europe, especially in the parts the Soviets drove the Germans
           | away from, so I doubt people would have admitted to that,
           | even if they thought it to be true.
           | 
           | I also think it isn't quite true. Leaving out a lot of nuance
           | I would say "American industry and Russian blood"
        
           | morkalork wrote:
           | There's an old tank factory in my north American city that's
           | been repurposed as a trendy office space. Inside you can see
           | photos of the production line and the celebration for tank
           | number 1,000 being completed. Every single one was shipped to
           | the USSR.
        
             | cpursley wrote:
             | And even still, the USSR produced more tanks than all the
             | other allies combined (many of those in Ukraine).
        
           | surfingdino wrote:
           | Once they were given a lot of equipment and food by the US
           | https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-
           | hist...
           | 
           | Nobody is going to forget the human sacrifice, but credit
           | where credit's due.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | Ah, Russian propaganda at work (though not at its best)
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > If you'd asked the continentals
           | 
           | Eastern Europeans, yes. Anything west of the GDR was done by
           | US/UK/FR.
           | 
           | > as to who was responsible for ending the war in Europe, the
           | overwhelming majority in the 40/50s would've answered "the
           | Soviets".
           | 
           | ... and then they'd follow up and say "and the Soviets
           | weren't much better than the Nazis". The "Red Army" was truly
           | infamous for massive amounts of alcohol abuse, looting, rape
           | and torture (both among themselves and towards the civilian
           | population), a tradition that was kept alive throughout the
           | ages up until now in Ukraine.
        
             | cabirum wrote:
             | > alcohol abuse, looting, rape and torture
             | 
             | Ah, western propaganda at its best
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | (Shrug) If people are willing to risk their lives trying
               | to break _out_ of your country, you 're doing it wrong.
               | It's as simple as that.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | As well as the opposite if people are standing outside
               | your border begging to come in...
        
             | dieortin wrote:
             | > Anything west of the GDR was done by US/UK/FR
             | 
             | It was done mostly from 1944 onwards, when the Germans had
             | already been defeated in the east front. A huge majority of
             | the German war effort was spent on the east. The US and UK
             | landing in Europe surely sped up things, but the Soviet
             | Union had already won.
             | 
             | I have no sympathy for the current Russian regime, but
             | claiming they weren't responsible for winning WW2 screams
             | American propaganda.
        
         | martythemaniak wrote:
         | Nope, the USSR's efforts were also the result of US's
         | industrial and financial output. Here's an essay to get you
         | started:
         | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1505247886908424195.html
        
           | mizzao wrote:
           | > Why Russia can't win against the West
           | 
           | Is this still true in light of the recent Ukraine events?
           | Russia certainly isn't losing if no one's going to stand up
           | to it.
        
             | afavour wrote:
             | Sort of an interesting argument, I suppose. Militarily
             | Russia is heavily outclassed by the West. But perhaps
             | that's why they're engaging in information warfare: western
             | populations are weary of war and with sufficient prodding
             | Russia can keep the major western powers away from their
             | conflict.
             | 
             | I feel like I'm playing Civilization again.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > western populations are weary of war
               | 
               | are they? for the most part, Americans haven't really
               | noticed apart from family and friends of service members.
               | There's been no rationing of goods, there's been no
               | campaigns to buy war bonds, there's essentially been no
               | burden on the citizens. In fact, we've had multiple tax
               | cuts and gains in the financial markets. The sheep have
               | been well fed.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | Is it? The Russian jam GPS that it is useless, but their
               | own (much newer) system can't be jammed easily. I just
               | read an article about it. Europe has nearly no military
               | equipment left. Russia is loosing more tanks and
               | artillery in a month than some big countries in the EU
               | have.
               | 
               | The S400 is considered superior to the Patriot system.
               | They have hypersonic missiles. And now a battle hardened
               | army. Don't forget, western systems are heavily
               | overpriced. I think we pay 10 times the amount for a
               | shell than Russia does. It will take years, possibly
               | decades, to build up military industrial capacity.
               | Germany has ammunition for 1 day of war. Trick question:
               | With what will they fight on the second day?
               | 
               | Also, dont forget:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superiority_(short_story)
               | 
               | Germany had the best tanks in WW2. But Russia hat many
               | T34. In insane numbers.
        
           | Beijinger wrote:
           | The posted article gives quite an impressive Soviet plane
           | production. 50% of that of the US.
           | 
           | It was Russia that won the war. https://youtu.be/DwKPFT-
           | RioU?t=205
           | 
           | And regarding the Ukraine war. Russia's industrial might is
           | underestimated. And while it can not match that of the West,
           | as a word of caution: China has more industrial capacity than
           | the EU and US combined.
           | 
           | Wars have the nasty habit of taking unexpected turns...
        
             | phatfish wrote:
             | > Wars have the nasty habit of taking unexpected turns...
             | 
             | Indeed, after the slaughter of WW2 you would expect
             | Russians to be wary of starting wars by invading their
             | neighbours.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | I suspect that due to the scale of destruction, WW2 left
               | a deep psychological scar on the psyche of soviet
               | countries, much deeper than anywhere else. And maybe
               | that's why Russia has had such a militaristic and
               | aggressively paranoid posture ever since.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | The experience of WW2 left a deep psychological scar in
               | Soviet, and later Russian statesmen, in that the lesson
               | they took away from it was "We need to be surrounded by
               | buffer and satellite states, so that in a war, they will
               | bleed, instead of us." It's why they had absolutely zero
               | patience for Georgia and Ukraine turning West-wards.
               | 
               | The scar it left on the population at large was "They
               | attacked us, and we suffered a _lot_ , but then we
               | _really_ showed them. "
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | Russia is a country with fluid borders and could not
               | allow NATO troops and Rockets in Ukraine in the same way,
               | as we could not accept rockets in Cuba.
               | 
               | The war has gone bad for the West now. The EU has very
               | little equipment left. Russia loses more tanks in a month
               | than many big EU countries have. Germany had ammunition
               | for two days of war. After giving a lot to Ukraine, they
               | have ammunition for one day of war left.
               | 
               | https://www.thearticle.com/defeat-of-the-west-emmanuel-
               | todd-...
               | 
               | Graham's meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr
               | Zelenskiy in Kyiv on May 26 "and the Russians are dying
               | ...the best money we've ever spent."
               | 
               | Before you downvote you may look up who Emmanuel Todd is.
               | When he was a 25y old PhD student in 1976 he predicted
               | the collapse of the Soviet Union. This is not a person to
               | be taken lightly.
        
             | mellow-lake-day wrote:
             | Soviet Union*
             | 
             | Which is more than just Russia
             | 
             | Ukraine, Belarus, etc are significant contributors and bore
             | some of the heavy causalities
             | 
             | Another part of the reason why invading Ukraine was dumb,
             | Russia forgot what Ukraine was capable of. Attributing all
             | of its success to itself but discounting its partners.
        
               | Beijinger wrote:
               | "Another part of the reason why invading Ukraine was
               | dumb,"?
               | 
               | Russia has won this war.
               | 
               | https://www.thearticle.com/defeat-of-the-west-emmanuel-
               | todd-...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | After the wall came down, it turned out that a lot of the
             | output of the Soviet military industry wasn't actually
             | usable. Lots of shells of tanks, but no motors. Similar to
             | China's empty buildings. They put so much emphasis on
             | appearances to try to cover up their weaknesses.
        
               | cherryteastain wrote:
               | Except you can see China's output on your local
               | supermarket's shelves. Soviet Union had practically 0
               | exports of any manufactured goods to non Warsaw Pact
               | countries.
               | 
               | China may be cooking the books to make their
               | GDP/industrial output look a little bit better to hit
               | party goals every year, but the ubiquitiy of Chinese
               | goods in low to mid value added manufacturing is
               | indisputable.
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | The West rendered massive aid to the USSR in WW2. Lend-lease
         | was not only a US-Britain thing.
         | 
         | Tousands of planes and tanks were sent as well as raw materials
         | to keep their factories pumping.
         | 
         | This after they were initially on Hitler's side.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lend-Lease
        
         | Beijinger wrote:
         | It was Russia that won that war.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/DwKPFT-RioU?t=205
        
           | mellow-lake-day wrote:
           | Soviet Union*
           | 
           | Which is more than just Russia
           | 
           | Ukraine, Belarus, etc are significant contributors and bore
           | some of the heavy causalities
        
           | cladopa wrote:
           | That is Russia's propaganda at best. It was Russia the one
           | who started the war in the first place, as friend of Hitler.
           | Something convenient to forget.
        
         | cpursley wrote:
         | Exactly. And the USSR built more tanks than all the other
         | allies combined, while under bombardment.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This is a nice write-up, although it focuses solely on the US
       | industrial output, which is indeed impressive, going from ~2,100
       | aircraft to ~50,000 in six years. However, that first table
       | raises some questions - the Soviets were already at ~10,300 in
       | 1939, and the Germans at ~8,200. How were they able to do it?
       | 
       | One major influence is that American industrialists were busy
       | expanding global markets and happily supplied their technology
       | and manufacturing processes to the two major buyers, Nazi Germany
       | and Communist Russia, in the 1930s, with Ford being one of the
       | major actors, perhaps more active in Germany:
       | 
       | In Germany:
       | 
       | > "Ford and the Fuhrer: A History of Ford Motor Company's
       | Involvement in Nazi Germany" by Paul Ingrassia and Joseph B.
       | White: This work delves into Ford's business activities in
       | Germany, documenting the introduction of assembly-line
       | manufacturing and the company's interactions with the Nazi
       | regime."
       | 
       | > "The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise
       | of the Third Reich" by Max Wallace: This book explores the
       | relationship between American industrialists like Henry Ford and
       | the Nazi regime, including detailed accounts of Ford's
       | manufacturing contributions."
       | 
       | In Soviet Union:
       | 
       | > "Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ): Built with the technical
       | assistance of Ford, the Gorky Automobile Plant began producing
       | vehicles using American-style assembly lines. Ford provided
       | machinery, blueprints, and training to Soviet engineers and
       | workers. Soviet engineers and technicians received training in
       | Ford's American factories, learning about assembly line
       | production and modern manufacturing techniques."
       | 
       | I don't know if there's a particular moral to this story, other
       | than that in search of short-term profit major American
       | industrialists were happy to get in bed with any and all buyers.
        
         | fransje26 wrote:
         | > other than that in search of short-term profit major American
         | industrialists were happy to get in bed with any and all buyers
         | 
         | And that has changed since then..?
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | > the Soviets were already at ~10,300 in 1939, and the Germans
         | at ~8,200. How were they able to do it?
         | 
         | The US was pursuing a largely isolationist foreign policy, and
         | was not investing in armaments.
         | 
         | The USSR had, between 1917, and 1939:
         | 
         | * Spent six years fighting an incredibly brutal and bloody
         | civil war.
         | 
         | * Was attacked by Poland in ~1920.
         | 
         | * Spent another decade putting down various secession
         | movements, mostly in central Asia.
         | 
         | * Had multiple minor conflicts with China and Japan.
         | 
         | * Was heavily involved in the Spanish Civil War.
         | 
         | * Also needed a strong, standing army to put down any further
         | internal resistance.
         | 
         | * Could smell which way the wind was blowing, and was ready to
         | capitalize on German's ambitions in Europe, by taking its chunk
         | of Poland (And later invading Finland).
         | 
         | Given all that, it was functioning on a war economy pretty much
         | from ~1917 to 1941. (At which point it transitioned to a _total
         | war economy_.)
         | 
         | This was all in the context of a strong central push for mass
         | industrialization. Steel production alone increased ~5x between
         | 1930 and 1940. Up until the Nazis took power, the USSR worked
         | very closely on both industrialization, and military armament
         | with Weimar Germany. Krupp was building factories in the Don,
         | and future Luftwaffe pilots were being trained in Lipetsk.
        
       | simplicio wrote:
       | Sort of interesting to compare the US experience in WWI, where a
       | program to deliver 20k planes by the summer of July 1918 managed
       | to get a whopping 196 planes into service before the war ended
       | that November.
       | 
       | http://www.worldwar1.com/tgws/relairprod.htm
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | The US was a place of hardworking, talented folks with natural
       | geographical safety and a lot of resources. The only thing we
       | need to do is stop anti competitive practices, break up
       | monopolies, basically keep pure capitalism going.
        
       | akira2501 wrote:
       | What this article misses is that the US "private planes" were
       | being sold directly to Japan and then being converted into
       | military aircraft. What we didn't sell we licensed the designs
       | directly to them.
       | 
       | This went on well into the late 1930s. It was recognized as a
       | potential problem by some but the profits were large enough that
       | these were ignored.
       | 
       | I encourage everyone to read the book "Human Smoke." It is a
       | collection of headlines and newspaper excerpts from the period
       | surrounding WW2. It's a fascinating read and wonderfully exposes
       | all the propaganda driven half truths and complete fabrications
       | we've sold ourselves about the conflict ever since it ended.
        
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