[HN Gopher] Department of Justice says Boeing may be criminally ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Department of Justice says Boeing may be criminally liable in 737
       MAX crashes
        
       Author : andsoitis
       Score  : 328 points
       Date   : 2024-05-15 04:20 UTC (18 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.usatoday.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.usatoday.com)
        
       | chii wrote:
       | criminally liable, but not enough for jail time? Then it's not a
       | criminal liability, but a cost of doing business.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | Companies cannot go to jail for crimes, its not an available
         | sanction.
        
           | consp wrote:
           | Companies are expressed through and by people, and yes I
           | ignore the "limited liability" bs since it should not shield
           | you from criminal behaviour.
        
             | semanticist wrote:
             | So the owner of Boeing should be held personally liable?
             | Okay, cool, except Boeing is a publicly traded company
             | which means that the 'owner' is countless individual
             | shareholders around the world, many of which are in turn
             | other companies, whose owners are in turn things like
             | pension funds.
             | 
             | So if you have a pension, should we be locking you up
             | 'cause it was partially invested in Boeing?
             | 
             | Alternatively, you can have a specifically named role which
             | is to be held liable? But then as far as the 'company' is
             | concerned it's still just cost of doing business.
             | 
             | There's only three viable ultimate sanctions for a
             | corporate entity: financial, being split up, and the death
             | penalty.
        
               | hiatus wrote:
               | Who said anything about owners? _Management_ should be
               | held accountable.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | An explicitly cited reason DoJ approved the deferred
               | prosecution agreement was that, on the basis of the facts
               | available, management was not _collectively, even, much
               | less individually_ aware of the facts imputed to Boeing
               | based on the knowledge of lower-level employees which
               | were necessay to be guilty of the crime.
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | The thing is, this sets up a moral hazard where it's
               | advantageous not to know, not to keep close tabs, and
               | tight control over your supply chain. If there were
               | potentially harsh penalties for allowing this to happen,
               | regardless of knowledge, I think you'd see much better
               | controls put in place, and the incentive would be to keep
               | safety critical operations kept in-house, where they can
               | be better monitored, rather than spun out to make the
               | return on capital look better to public markets.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The thing is, this sets up a moral hazard where it's
               | advantageous not to know
               | 
               | No, they would be better off if they had known what the
               | pilots were doing and stopped the fraud rather than
               | allowing it.
               | 
               | > If there were potentially harsh penalties for allowing
               | this to happen, regardless of knowledge, I think you'd
               | see much better controls put in place, and the incentive
               | would be to keep safety critical operations kept in-
               | house, where they can be better monitored, rather than
               | spun out to make the return on capital look better to
               | public markets.
               | 
               | If you made inaccurate reports to governments a strict
               | liability crime with a harsh pubishment not requiring
               | intent, recklessness,or negligence, I think that would
               | actually be a bad thing and lead people to actively avoid
               | any activity or field of business that might require
               | reporting to the government.
               | 
               | But, in any case, the fraud offenses at issue ARE NOT
               | strict liability crimes now, so people without the
               | requisite knowledge and intent cannot be guilty of them.
        
               | sp332 wrote:
               | If the stockholders didn't make the decision to defraud
               | the FAA, then why would they be on the hook for this?
        
               | chii wrote:
               | Not that i disagree, but the corporation also has a way
               | of diffusing responsibility to thousands of individuals,
               | each making a small piece of the total decisions that led
               | to an outcome. It's impossible, in theory, to pin a
               | particular individual with absolute certainty, that
               | they'r totally and 100% responsible for said outcome.
               | 
               | Of course, i am in the camp of changing the regulation
               | such that outcomes that would be considered gross
               | neglegence leading to loss of life is layed on the
               | management, regardless of whether the decision is
               | diffused or not. Aka, they hold the statutory
               | responsibility, and is criminally liable - that's the
               | price of being in management. They would get the tools as
               | management to put in place preventative measures, which
               | can be used to cover their ass.
        
               | heavenlyblue wrote:
               | Management gets paid money to make money make more money,
               | but that does not include implying they need to break
               | law/walk on the other's people's bodies to do so.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | And it doesn't, but the criminal behaviour then needs to be
             | a personal one, not just like (and not saying this is the
             | case) systemic issues at the company, regulatory oversight
             | clearly insufficient or not preventative, no one person
             | really specifically at fault through malicious action or
             | reckless negligence so ehhh blame the CEO.
        
             | Karellen wrote:
             | > I ignore the "limited liability" bs since it should not
             | shield you from criminal behaviour.
             | 
             | It doesn't. That's not what "limited liability" is for.
             | 
             | > Limited liability is a legal status in which a person's
             | _financial_ liability is limited to a fixed sum, most
             | commonly the value of a person 's investment in a
             | corporation, company or joint venture. If a company that
             | provides limited liability to its investors is sued, then
             | the claimants are generally entitled to collect only
             | against the assets of the company, not the assets of its
             | shareholders or other investors. A shareholder in a
             | corporation or limited liability company is not personally
             | liable for any of _the debts_ of the company, other than
             | for the amount already invested in the company and for any
             | unpaid amount on the shares in the company, if any, except
             | under special and rare circumstances permitting  "piercing
             | the corporate veil." The same is true for the members of a
             | limited liability partnership and the limited partners in a
             | limited partnership. By contrast, sole proprietors and
             | partners in general partnerships are each liable for all
             | _the debts_ of the business (unlimited liability).
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_liability
             | 
             | (emphasis mine)
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | Limited liability has nothing to do with this. Individuals
             | can go to jail for crimes, to the extent they individually
             | have committed them, but _because_ corporations are
             | aggregates and not individuals, it is possible for them to
             | be guilty of crime when no individual would. On the facts
             | alleged in the 737 Max charges, if any individuals would be
             | guilty at all, they wouldn't be the executives or
             | shareholders you seem to be lusting for, but two test
             | pilots (and its not clear they would be, only that they
             | personally had the knowledge whose imputation to Boeing
             | combined with corporate representations to the federal
             | government made Boeing guilty.)
        
           | baq wrote:
           | board members and executives can and should. shareholder
           | equity should be zero'd (or at least devalued if the
           | shareholder had a significant impact on votes, whatever that
           | means.)
           | 
           | so should any vp, second line and even front line managers if
           | they collaborated.
           | 
           | whistleblowers should get government protection. not sure
           | which government, though.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > board members and executives can and should.
             | 
             | If they individually committed crimes and that can be
             | proven beyond a reasonable doubt, sure.
             | 
             | Of course, by DoJ's own description of why they approved
             | the deferred prosecution agreeement, that's absolutely
             | _not_ the case with the 737 Max charges.
        
               | feoren wrote:
               | How can the company commit crimes without its decision-
               | makers committing crimes? This double-standard we have is
               | ridiculous. Every 1% increase in stock price is always
               | attributed entirely to the wunderkind CEO and he
               | therefore deserves tens of millions in bonuses every
               | year, but a criminally negligent company kills people and
               | suddenly the CEO has _nothing to do with it_? They are
               | acting as the _chief executive_ of the criminal
               | corporation. Those fuckers should be thrown in jail.  "Oh
               | but then our favorite Harvard MBA Graduate with a
               | transcript full of Gentleman's Cs who's the grandson of
               | the previous billionaire CEO wouldn't _want_ to be CEO!!
               | Who would _want_ the job!? " -- fucking GOOD. They get
               | paid 300 times more than line workers, and we're worried
               | about how the job might not be cushy enough to attract
               | our favorite nepo-babies? Maybe the most lucrative jobs
               | in the entire world _should_ only be attractive to people
               | who are actually competent at making sure the company is
               | operating well and not literally murdering innocent
               | people!?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > How can the company commit crimes without its decision-
               | makers committing crimes?
               | 
               | Very easily. Companies as aggregates of people beyond
               | just the decision makers can both do actions and have
               | knowledge that the decisionmakers do not, and knowledge
               | and action tend to be important in the definition of
               | crimes.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _shareholder equity should be zero 'd _
             | 
             | This is what criminal convictions with large fines do. The
             | Board members and executives then get to spend years in
             | shareholder lawsuits. If those suits turn up evidence of
             | individual criminality, prosecution is on the table.
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | which is one of the many reasons why corporations should not
           | be counted as people and allowed a political voice.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | If corporations weren't counted as people, they couldn't be
             | held criminally liable when, viewed as a single entity,
             | they had the requisite combination of knowledge ans action
             | to be guilty of a crime, but where none of the constituent
             | individuals considered alone did.
        
               | sethammons wrote:
               | a corporation being held criminally liable holds about as
               | much as a wet paper bag. It is an accounting issue; the
               | cost of doing business. Absolute worst case scenario for
               | the business: it folds. "Oh well, killed people; guess we
               | need to make a new company." There is a lack of
               | _personal_ accountability.
               | 
               | Hold executives criminally liable. Fine companies, sure,
               | but if people die from gross negligence or due to
               | processes endorsed by leadership, that should end with
               | prison time as a warning to others. Don't let them say
               | they didn't know and that the decisions were spread out
               | over people and time. The buck stops with leadership --
               | that is, ostensibly, why they make the big bucks. If they
               | couldn't know due to spread out decision making then they
               | set up and perpetuated the wrong system.
        
       | 1-6 wrote:
       | What was the crime? Negligent manufacturing?
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Fraud. Lying to federal regulators during 737Max approval. See
         | link for a better description...
         | 
         | https://apnews.com/article/boeing-justice-department-737-max...
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | That sounds a lot harder to prove than if they were going for
           | negligence.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > That sounds a lot harder to prove than if they were going
             | for negligence.
             | 
             | Well, it was solid enough that Boeing was willing to pay
             | $2.5 billion _plus_ accept a bunch of behavioral controls
             | not to settle the charges, but simply to get a deferred
             | prosecution agreement in which, if they were really good,
             | they wouldn't have to face charges for it.
        
             | hgyjdetjj wrote:
             | Lying is quite easy to prove with a few incriminating
             | emails.
        
               | wsc981 wrote:
               | One reason why the Dutch PM uses an old Nokia phone with
               | very limited capacity, so he needs to delete SMS messages
               | often: https://archive.ph/q6a3l
               | 
               | And I don't think he emails much :)
        
               | ThunderSizzle wrote:
               | Deleting official communications can be a violation of
               | law in the US. Hilary should've gone to jail for it, but
               | she didn't because she's a Clinton.
        
               | barkbyte wrote:
               | Trump habitually destroyed similar and also didn't get
               | prosecuted.
        
               | ThunderSizzle wrote:
               | Of all the fake news "gotchas" about Trump I've heard,
               | that's a new one for me.
        
               | P_I_Staker wrote:
               | Which have already been made public
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > What was the crime? Negligent manufacturing?
         | 
         | Fraud related relating to the 737 Max, plus subsequent
         | violations of a 2021 deferred prosecution agreement (that
         | agreement was why they hadn't yet been prosecuted for the
         | fraud), and the violations of the non-prosecution agreement
         | also may have included _subsequent_ fraud about matters which
         | contributed to the recent door incidents.
        
         | mustache_kimono wrote:
         | Negligent homicide is a criminal charge brought against a
         | person who, through criminal negligence, allows another person
         | to die. Some jurisdictions require "gross negligence" or
         | enhance the degree of the crime where there is "recklessness".
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > Negligent manufacturing
         | 
         | Among other things. There are very strict rules in aircraft
         | manufacturing on procedures to follow, documentation to have,
         | etc. And Boeing have been found lacking to say the least in a
         | number of those.
         | 
         | That plus all the coverups and lying around MCAS are probably
         | enough to put a few people in jail if one had faith in the
         | Justice department.
        
       | purple-leafy wrote:
       | Narrator: A new car built by my company leaves somewhere
       | traveling at 60 mph. The rear differential locks up. The car
       | crashes and burns with everyone trapped inside. Now, should we
       | initiate a recall? Take the number of vehicles in the field, A,
       | multiply by the probable rate of failure, B, multiply by the
       | average out-of-court settlement, C. A times B times C equals X.
       | If X is less than the cost of a recall, we don't do one.
       | 
       | Business woman on plane: Are there a lot of these kinds of
       | accidents?
       | 
       | Narrator: You wouldn't believe.
       | 
       | Business woman on plane: Which car company do you work for?
       | 
       | Narrator: A major one.
        
         | mcepl wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Pinto#Fuel_system_fires,_...
        
         | pif wrote:
         | > A new car built by my company ...
         | 
         | While I think I get your point, I also believe that the
         | background is very important. If your company applied standard
         | engineering procedures, that's critically different from
         | building a new product and actively hiding the differences with
         | respect to the last one.
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | Like Toyota's car with a "simulated stick shift"?
           | https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a45754176/toyota-manual-
           | ev...
           | 
           | > The prototype was convincing even when we tried to fool it.
           | De-clutching leaves the car coasting, and selecting lower
           | gears increases the regenerative braking, simulating the
           | feeling of engine braking. When downshifting, it's possible
           | to rev match by blipping the accelerator in the brief moment
           | when the clutch is fully depressed. The penalty for letting
           | the clutch up too abruptly when selecting a low gear is a
           | bump of shift shock--momentarily over-revving the electric
           | motors--and a similar lack of finesse when trying to pull
           | away without sufficient revs results in a virtual stall.
           | 
           | Sure, simulating the stall characteristics of an aeroplane is
           | several orders of magnitude worse than simulating the stall
           | characteristics of a car, but... still.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | It doesn't sound like Toyota is trying to hide anything,
             | they are preparing to sell something they think people
             | want.
             | 
             | (The feature sounds stupid to me)
        
               | tstrimple wrote:
               | I've been eyeing the Ioniq 5 N which has the paddle
               | shifting rev-limiting simulation stuff as well. Most of
               | the reviewers _really_ enjoy those features on a track.
               | When coming up to a turn, the simulated RPM gives you
               | much more contextual information than a pure electric
               | experience does. The main point that kept coming up is
               | the RPM levels when approaching a corner. They could tell
               | if their speed was right in the approach based on the
               | sound the engine was faking which is how they would drive
               | a manual ICE car through the same track. Of course you
               | can turn all that off and soften the suspension right
               | back up in order to get the comfortable daily driving
               | most folks are after. I don 't think it belongs on _most_
               | EV, but it certainly seems to enhance some. At least
               | while we 're still more familiar with the trappings of
               | ICE performance vehicles.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | I would guess that it will vanish when someone comes up
               | with a similar feedback mechanism that is better aligned
               | with the performance characteristics of the powertrain.
        
               | newsclues wrote:
               | I think the technology will explode when you can download
               | a tune from classic or cool cars and have the sound and
               | performance map of a Ferrari or Aston Martin when you go
               | out for a fun drive on weekends.
               | 
               | It's not about max speed but enjoying the experience of
               | driving.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | That's the most reasonable explanation I've heard for why
               | the N model makes "unnecessary" noise. Because as an
               | owner of a regular Ioniq 5, I feel it's an otherwise dumb
               | idea. The reviews I've read all just say, "makes vroom-
               | vroom noises, yeah!" But track-time feedback, okay, I can
               | get along with that.
               | 
               | (And it makes those steering wheel flappy paddles at
               | least _somewhat_ useful. The paddles on mine just change
               | the regenerative braking level...which could have been
               | done with a steering wheel button.)
        
             | maximus-decimus wrote:
             | 99.9% of cars with cvts pretend to switch gear instead of
             | just acting like a CVT.
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | It is a stretch to call the MAXes a new product, even though
           | it turned out to require more extensive work than envisioned,
           | but the bit about actively hiding the differences is right on
           | point.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | There's a bigger difference between the MAX family and
             | other versions of the 737 than there is between all the
             | different crossovers a car company pumps out.
             | 
             | Boeing 737 MAX 7 is 138,699 lbs vs 737 800 @ 90,710lb vs
             | 737 100 @ 61.994 lbs. Hell the new 737 MAX 10 is ~203,000
             | lb.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | This is not the issue that is raising questions of
               | criminal liability.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's definitely part of the issue.
               | 
               | Boeing was trying to pretend scaling the aircraft again
               | and again wasn't significant due to regulations and
               | physics eventually disagreed.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | Regardless of how one characterizes the magnitude of the
               | changes, if the unanticipated difficulties had been
               | handled openly, there would be no question of criminal
               | liability. Furthermore (though it is also beside the
               | point), physics has not ruled out the MAXes.
               | 
               | In addition, the door-plug issue is tied in here on
               | account of the 2021 deferred prosecution agreement, which
               | also followed from Boeing's duplicity over the MAX issue.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Regardless of how one characterizes the magnitude of
               | the changes, if the unanticipated difficulties had been
               | handled openly, there would be no question of criminal
               | liability
               | 
               | You're skipping over the first half of my statement. If
               | the unexpected difficulties had been handled openly they
               | would have needed to go through more regulatory hurdles.
               | Physics didn't put them into some kind of catch 22
               | situation the aircraft could have been safe, it just
               | couldn't be safe while playing games with regulators.
               | That's where criminal liability shows up.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | As far as I can tell, I'm just skipping over the issues
               | which may be true, but are beside the point, but then, it
               | is not clear to me which statement's first half you think
               | I am skipping over.
               | 
               | The point I have been making all along is that,
               | regardless of what led Boeing to the point of choosing to
               | hide or misrepresent the situation, it is the choice to
               | do so that turns this into a potentially criminal matter.
               | With the same physical/technical problems but proper and
               | timely disclosure of the issues during development, by
               | far the most likely outcome would have been a delayed
               | program delivering MAXes substantially similar (in both
               | construction and operation) to the ones which are
               | certified and flying today. After that, even in the
               | unlikely event that the crashes had occurred, criminal
               | prosecution would be unlikely, and certainly not on the
               | basis of the facts for which it is currently being
               | considered.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > are besides the point
               | 
               | Except they aren't beside the point.
               | 
               | > substantially similar (in both construction and
               | operation)
               | 
               | The physical aircraft would have been similar, but
               | airlines would have spent 10's of millions more on
               | training which makes a real difference to them and thus
               | sales.
               | 
               | Boeing could have released the aircraft on exactly the
               | same date while complying with the spirit of relevant
               | relations though at higher costs, but the product would
               | have been meaningfully worse from a sales perspective.
               | Even today regulators have allowed Boeing and the
               | airlines to treat the 737 MAX family as much more closely
               | related to earlier 737's than they actually are.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | All of these things are beside the point here because
               | none of them form the basis on which criminal proceedings
               | are being considered by the DOJ. Without the information
               | hiding and misrepresentation, there is no basis,
               | regardless of either the physics or the economics of the
               | issue.
               | 
               | In addition, even if it is true that regulators have now
               | allowed Boeing and the airlines to treat the 737 MAX
               | family as much more closely related to earlier 737's than
               | they actually are, this is not the basis of the DOJ's
               | investigation, either.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Criminal proceedings in the US care about motives. It
               | would be vastly harder to bring a case like this if there
               | weren't incentives to ack as they did.
               | 
               | Regulators aren't at issue, but trying to avoid
               | regulatory scrutiny is. Or as is often said it's the
               | coverup that they get you for.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | The motives were there regardless of how Boeing chose to
               | act. It's the chosen act that is potentially criminal.
               | The DOJ is not in any doubt as to whether or not Boeing
               | had a motive, and it is not considering at all the
               | question of whether regulators have now allowed Boeing
               | and the airlines to treat the 737 MAX family as much more
               | closely related to earlier 737's than they actually are,
               | regardless of any parties' motives in that regard.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | A and B is false if B is false, but that doesn't make A
               | irrelevant.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Is the size the biggest difference or the fact that the
               | center of gravity is totally different? So much so, they
               | created an "hidden" software program to counter the CoG
               | difference so the pilots feel like it is in the same
               | place they are used to?
        
               | labcomputer wrote:
               | No, CoG has approximately nothing to do with it.
               | 
               | The problem with the Max is aerodynamics: Civil airplanes
               | are designed with negative aerodynamic feedback, so the
               | nose-down torque ("pitching moment") increases as the AoA
               | increases. But on the Max at very high AoA this feedback
               | torque becomes somewhat smaller due to interaction of
               | airflow around the engines and the wing. That by itself
               | is not a problem because the nose-down torque still
               | exists and airframe is still stable.
               | 
               | There is a regulatory requirement that the amount of
               | pilot's control force required to maintain a given AoA
               | must be a non-decreasing function of AoA[1]. Due to the
               | Max's aerodynamics, this requirement is not met.
               | 
               | Boeing's MCAS was a bandaid to make the plane meet
               | regulations by applying nose-down trim while at high AoA.
               | The trim results in a higher yoke force, so the plane
               | meets the requirement. A better method would have been a
               | "stick pusher" (which have been used as stall prevention
               | devices for over 50 years, though not on the 737) or
               | addition ventral fins (like on the Beech 1900). But
               | either of those would have probably required
               | recertification
               | 
               | [1] The purpose of this is to reduce pilot-induced
               | oscillations: see what happened with AA flight 587, where
               | the _lack_ of a similar requirement for rudder pedals and
               | yaw led to PIO which ultimately resulted in the tail
               | falling off an Airbus.
        
               | labcomputer wrote:
               | > Boeing 737 MAX 7 is 138,699 lbs vs 737 800 @ 90,710lb
               | vs 737 100 @ 61.994 lbs. Hell the new 737 MAX 10 is
               | ~203,000 lb.
               | 
               | No, you are confusing the empty weight of the 737-800
               | with the mass gross takeoff weight of the 737 max 7.
               | 
               | The correct comparison of MGTW is 174,200 (-800) vs
               | 177,000 (max 7).
               | 
               | Similarly, the -100's MGTW was 110,000, not 61,994. Also,
               | the only source I can find for the max 10 is 197,900, not
               | 203,000.
               | 
               | Edit: so the plane grew by 80%, not 320%
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | Is this referencing a real event or interview?
        
           | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
           | It's referencing Fight Club
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | Thank you.
        
         | someonehere wrote:
         | It's comical nobody gets this reference, sir.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | This might seem calculating and cold, but that's basically how
         | government agencies work. It doesn't make sense to spend
         | unlimited amounts of money to save a life, so government
         | agencies have some sort of a dollar value on a life[1], above
         | which where they won't bother doing interventions. For instance
         | if it takes $15M to save a life, and that's above the DoT's
         | estimate of $12.5M, then they won't bother. That's not to say
         | that Boeing is in the right here, but if they were in the wrong
         | it's not because "If X is less than the cost of a recall, we
         | don't do one", it's because they grossly undervalued a life in
         | their calculations.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_of_life#United_States
        
           | jollyllama wrote:
           | We were taught as part of our CS curriculum that "often, the
           | refusal to assign a dollar value to a human life results in
           | it being terribly undervalued."
        
             | skywal_l wrote:
             | Put some CEOs in jail and you won't need to do all those
             | multiplications.
        
             | mountainb wrote:
             | There is no such reluctance to do this in law. I think in
             | philosophy classes, professors feel shy about acknowledging
             | the humdrum reality of insurance, the tax code, and our
             | regulatory bodies continuously assigning dollar values to
             | human lives. It feels good and makes you look like a better
             | person to say things like "the value of a single human life
             | cannot be expressed in money terms." Perhaps this is the
             | case, and what the companies and the governmental bodies
             | are really valuing is the economically meaningful activity
             | associated with a person and not the totality of their
             | person.
             | 
             | Babies are worth a lot of money even at a low imputed
             | earning potential just because they have so much life to
             | live.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | In practice, there's a difference between a hypothetical
           | probabilistic death rate, and real people / news stories.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | Government agencies use the statistical value of a life to
           | weigh the benefits of a regulation against the costs to the
           | public - the same people who would benefit from the
           | regulation. Would a new safety requirement for cars be worth
           | it if it added $500 to the price of every new car? They might
           | use the value of a life to help answer that question.
           | 
           | This is very different than the recall story, because in that
           | scenario there is no cost to the public at all, only to the
           | corporation. When government agencies make rules about
           | product recalls, they do not try to balance the benefit to
           | the public against the cost to the recalling company, that
           | would be insane.
           | 
           | See the DoT's own guidance here: https://www.transportation.g
           | ov/sites/dot.gov/files/2021-03/D.... They do not at all use
           | this figure in the same way that a profit-driven entity does.
           | 
           | > The benefit of preventing a fatality is measured by what is
           | conventionally called the Value of a Statistical Life,
           | defined as the additional cost that individuals would be
           | willing to bear for improvements in safety (that is,
           | reductions in risks) that, in the aggregate, reduce the
           | expected number of fatalities by one.
           | 
           | The word "individuals" is very important in this definition.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >This is very different than the recall story, because in
             | that scenario there is no cost to the public at all, only
             | to the corporation.
             | 
             | ...assuming they don't pass it on to the customers
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | That would be illegal, and "the public" is much larger
               | than just the customers of a particular company. This is
               | beside the point though. The government asks "would the
               | average person be willing to pay $x to lower their chance
               | of death by y%". The corporate executive asks "would _I_
               | be willing to pay  >$0 to lower their chance of death by
               | y%". "Some of you may die, but it's a sacrifice I am
               | willing to make."
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > That would be illegal
               | 
               | What do you mean it would be illegal? Obviously the
               | corporation prices in all the expected future recalls
               | into their prices. Yes they won't charge you for the
               | recall, but the future costumers will pay higher prices
               | if in the corporation's calculation the chance of recalls
               | (or the cost of doing them) is increased.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | > > That would be illegal
               | 
               | > What do you mean it would be illegal? Obviously the
               | corporation prices in all the expected future recalls
               | into their prices. Yes they won't charge you for the
               | recall, but the future costumers will pay higher prices
               | if in the corporation's calculation the chance of recalls
               | (or the cost of doing them) is increased.
               | 
               | Why oh why do I have to read this on HN again and again?
               | The price of a good does not primarily depend on the cost
               | to make it. So no Boeing can't easily raise their future
               | prices to account for the cost of saving lifes, because
               | there are competitors.
        
               | Georgelemental wrote:
               | > because there are competitors
               | 
               | Unfortunately, in Boeing's case there _aren 't_ very many
               | competitors.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >That would be illegal
               | 
               | As the other commenter has mentioned, it's passed on via
               | higher prices in the future.
               | 
               | >This is beside the point though. The government asks
               | "would the average person be willing to pay $x to lower
               | their chance of death by y%". The corporate executive
               | asks "would I be willing to pay >$0 to lower their chance
               | of death by y%". "Some of you may die, but it's a
               | sacrifice I am willing to make."
               | 
               | Okay, but surely you don't agree that Boeing should spend
               | infinite amounts of money making their planes safe? For
               | instance we don't install backup engines on the off
               | chance that all 2 engines fail. That's all I'm trying to
               | argue, that the cold calculation/cost benefit analysis as
               | mentioned in the OP isn't where Boeing went wrong, it's
               | that they they undervalued the value of a human life.
               | This was specifically mentioned in my original comment.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | What I am trying to argue is that valuing a human life
               | accurately doesn't matter if you're weighing it against
               | your own profits. The correct comparison is against
               | societal benefit, profit is completely morally
               | irrelevant.
               | 
               | I agree that the ceiling for how much money you could
               | spend trying to make an airplane perfectly safe is
               | infinite, so by definition they have to stop somewhere.
               | However, I disagree that finding that line of where to
               | stop has anything to do with the statistical value of a
               | human life.
               | 
               | For example, imagine the Boeing CEO says "we could spend
               | $20 billion on R&D and manufacturing of a new safety
               | system that would on average prevent 1 crash per year,
               | but a 737 MAX carries 200 people, at $15M per life that's
               | only $3 billion in value, so it's obviously better for us
               | to skip it and pass that $20 billion on to shareholders".
               | This would be criminal, and not because their value of a
               | life is off and they got the math a little bit wrong.
               | It's criminal because they are consciously choosing to
               | kill people unnecessarily.
               | 
               | If it is physically and financially possible to make your
               | product safer, you do it, without any thought to how much
               | a life is worth. If it is not possible, because you can't
               | figure out how to solve a problem or it would be so
               | expensive to fix that your business couldn't survive,
               | then you sit down and think about whether it's worth
               | selling your product at all. Are there safer alternatives
               | available? Could a better-funded company fix the flaws
               | you've found? If you determine that your product is
               | important, there are no alternatives out there, and it
               | cannot be made safer, only then do you start weighing the
               | benefits to society against the deaths you expect to
               | occur. I don't really think this is a financial decision
               | involving the value of a life - if you expect your
               | product to kill people then the expected benefits need to
               | be so overwhelming that doing the financial math is
               | unnecessary.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | >For example, imagine the Boeing CEO says "we could spend
               | $20 billion on R&D and manufacturing of a new safety
               | system that would on average prevent 1 crash per year,
               | but a 737 MAX carries 200 people, at $15M per life that's
               | only $3 billion in value, so it's obviously better for us
               | to skip it and pass that $20 billion on to shareholders".
               | This would be criminal, and not because their value of a
               | life is off and they got the math a little bit wrong.
               | It's criminal because they are consciously choosing to
               | kill people unnecessarily.
               | 
               | It is not criminal and I have no idea how anyone can
               | think it is.
               | 
               | The crime is in the first paragraphs of the article:
               | 
               | >Boeing has violated a 2021 agreement that shielded it
               | from criminal prosecution after two 737 Max disasters
               | killed 346 people overseas, the Justice Department told a
               | federal judge in a court filing Tuesday.
               | 
               | >According to the Justice Department, Boeing failed to
               | "design, implement, and enforce a compliance and ethics
               | program to prevent and detect violations of the U.S.
               | fraud laws throughout its operations."
               | 
               | So to recap, they were agreed to implement internal rules
               | that match US laws after killing a bunch of people to
               | avoid criminal liability, _which they failed to do_.
        
               | gravescale wrote:
               | > If it is physically and financially possible to make
               | your product safer, you do it, without any thought to how
               | much a life is worth.
               | 
               | A cursory glance at how basically any product is
               | designed, will tell you that this is not true.
               | 
               | All engineering is fundamentally compromise between
               | utility functions and cost functions (where cost is
               | monetary, or weight, or size, or poor usability, ugliness
               | etc).
               | 
               | If every light switch was a 2-foot, 200kg cube with a
               | titanium shell filled with monitoring electronics running
               | on lockstepped processors, fire suppression and potting
               | compound, and was tested individually for a year before
               | sale, it's still not as safe as one with six grounding
               | points (in case the first 5 fail) and triple-thick gold
               | plating on the contacts. You have to stop somewhere.
        
               | beojan wrote:
               | > For instance we don't install backup engines on the off
               | chance that all 2 engines fail.
               | 
               | We used to. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETOPS
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | If they could have charged more for the car they already
               | would have. A recall only affecting one make or model
               | won't have a large effect on the profit-maximizing price
               | of the car because the value proposition of the car
               | hasn't changed (or got worse because of perceived
               | unreliability). The cost would then be born by the
               | company and not the consumer.
        
               | close04 wrote:
               | They could make products or services more expensive but
               | then manufacturers with many recalls would end up being
               | prohibitively expensive.
               | 
               | Each person can just choose individually a different
               | manufacturer from the many options, one being "none at
               | all". But you only get one government, it takes a
               | majority to choose, and once chosen you're bound to its
               | directions. So not the same thing at all.
        
           | cced wrote:
           | The problem with this type of thinking is that it often
           | assumes externalized costs, and even at that, what price do
           | you put on "I don't want to use car of brand X because the
           | car maker is doing sus things and people speaking out about
           | it are dying." ?
           | 
           | Take for instance the recent train derailments. Are the costs
           | of cleanup n>0 if the company can get their lawyers to
           | successfully argue they don't need to pay it? For the company
           | it's n=0 but for society it is n>0.
           | 
           | Doing the maths is simpler when you can disregard many
           | factors and leave only the ones that affect your bottom line.
        
           | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
           | No it's because they grossly underestimated the importance of
           | brand trust and reputation
        
             | crznp wrote:
             | Or: they had an accurate estimate for the importance of
             | brand trust and reputation over the short term, and they've
             | had that short term outlook for a long time. Perhaps since
             | 1997.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | There's always a risk calculus that seems cold to an outside
           | observer.
           | 
           | The issue with Boeing and the MAX is that they sort of used
           | the designation of the plane to for lack of a better term,
           | avoid some of the risk calculations.
           | 
           | With the early issues, a pretty cut and dry type training
           | program would have likely prevented catastrophic incidents.
           | They shaved pennys and set many dollars (and hundreds of
           | people) on fire.
           | 
           | If you run a company where low probability, high impact risks
           | drive the operations of your products, setting trust on fire
           | is going to have a real impact on your bottom line. You go
           | from a trusted, admired company to target of memes about
           | assassinated whistleblowers.
        
             | everforward wrote:
             | My very amateur understanding is that the MAX would have
             | been dead on arrival if it required recertification. It was
             | a marginal bump in fuel efficiency that still lagged behind
             | Aerobus, so their only real marketing strategy was not
             | having to recertify.
             | 
             | Basically either it didn't require recertification or it
             | wasn't worth making. I suspect somewhere along the line
             | they realized that wasn't practical and they either shipped
             | a shoddy project and maybe burned a pile of money or they
             | gave up and definitely burned a smaller but still sizable
             | pile of money.
             | 
             | Probably also some worry that if they didn't have a
             | competitive smaller plane, they'd lose market share and
             | there'd be even less interest in their next plane.
        
           | stephenr wrote:
           | Government agencies in the form of rescue/emergency response
           | organisations frequently spend huge sums of money to _try_ to
           | rescue _indidivuals_.
           | 
           | The US Coast Guard explicitly stated that they "do not
           | associate cost with saving a life" following that fateful
           | Billionaires game of chicken with extreme water pressure.
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | The difference is that the government agency actions do not
           | cause deaths (it merely prevents death from independent
           | causes), whereas "major car manufacturer" kills people with
           | their faulty rear differential.
        
           | bastard_op wrote:
           | And what self-respecting congressman, senator, or president
           | didn't have a pet CEO or three of any said major automotive
           | cartel at the time sponsoring them? If they didn't, they're
           | not doing it right.
        
         | asah wrote:
         | Just C is set to a high enough value, including personal
         | penalties and imprisonment for any executives who failed to
         | stop this decision (including the failure to setup reporting to
         | hear about such decisions).
        
         | brian_herman wrote:
         | This is from the book Fight Club
         | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/691547-wherever-i-m-going-i...
        
           | bottom999mottob wrote:
           | Honestly this quote is one of Chuck Palahniuk's best
           | dialogues. Recommend checking out his other work like 'Rant.'
        
           | hengistbury wrote:
           | More accurately, this is a quote from the Fight Club movie
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | What's the alternative? Never ship unless the risk is 0.00?
         | (And yes I get the book reference)
        
         | MisterBastahrd wrote:
         | Reminds me of a business consultant who recently got roasted on
         | TikTok recently because he described his $500k job as deciding
         | whether or not companies should recall products or just weather
         | the class action and liability suits.
        
           | tangjurine wrote:
           | Source?
        
         | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
         | This 5ypical MBA formula ignores the most important variable.
         | 
         | Z = brand trust
        
         | tflol wrote:
         | oh so this is what google facebook elon musk microsoft does to
         | collect/share user data then get slammed with affordable fines
         | later. I surprised this quote hasnt come to mind at reading
         | those article
        
         | bongoman42 wrote:
         | For airlines and many other things you also have to consider
         | the case that people might switch to even worse alternatives if
         | the cost is too high. If airlines have to raise the prices too
         | high for added safety features, people will switch to cars
         | which are several orders of magnitude worse in safety. So
         | airplanes might become safer but society may be overall worse
         | off.
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | This formula is for the statistically stupid. There is no such
         | thing as average out-of-court settlement. One jury may find
         | your company's behavior as egregious and decide to drive you
         | out of business by awarding a trillion dollar judgment. Next
         | your business insurance drops you for being uninsurable.
        
           | henry2023 wrote:
           | 1. There are long tail distributions which have a statistical
           | mean
           | 
           | 2. Boeign exists
        
       | mlindner wrote:
       | I think it'll be difficult to prove in court. To actually be
       | found guilty they'll need to prove beyond reasonable doubt that
       | the executives knew there was problems it wasn't just ignorance
       | or ineptness. That'll be difficult to show the jury unless they
       | have some really good smoking gun evidence.
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | >unless they have some really good smoking gun evidence
         | 
         | They need witnesses. Like the ones who suddenly die a lot.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > I think it'll be difficult to prove in court. To actually be
         | found guilty they'll need to prove beyond reasonable doubt that
         | the executives knew there was problems
         | 
         | No, they won't. For one thing, the charges aren't personal
         | charges against the executives, so they don't have to prove
         | that executives, specifically, knew _anything_.
         | 
         | The basis of the 737 Max charges that were put on hold because
         | of the deferred prosecution agreement that DoJ has now
         | determined that Boeing violated are addressed by DoJ here:
         | https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/boeing-charged-737-max-fraud-...
        
           | sp332 wrote:
           | So, two Flight Technical Pilots and that's it?
        
         | cooper_ganglia wrote:
         | It's exactly for ignorance and ineptness that they should be
         | going to prison.
        
       | langsoul-com wrote:
       | I highly doubt they'd be criminal indictments. Boeing is USA's
       | baby, can't have them losing against European Airbus, or God
       | forbid, Chinese Comac.
       | 
       | Reminds me of when FAA didn't ground the Boeing, despite the
       | fatal crashes because of that association. Instead, it was
       | Chinese aviation authority that did, which forced every other
       | airline to follow suit.
       | 
       | Most likely a fine, round up a few line workers to take the heat,
       | a manager or two, then call it a day.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | I agree with your premise but your first sentence contradicts
         | your last one.
         | 
         | I think there will be criminal indictments, but the punishment
         | will be monetary and will not damage the company long term.
         | 
         | It would be really hard to put anyone in jail anyway, there's
         | too much diluted responsibility.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Because the EU never started a (criminal) lawsuit against a US
         | company?
        
           | ai_what wrote:
           | In this hypothetical situation, would the US would be
           | extraditing American Boeing executives to Europe?
           | 
           | I think you're overestimating Europe here.
        
             | niemandhier wrote:
             | We have a mutual extradition treaty, and since the us
             | frequently desires the extradition of high profile cases
             | it's not impossible that his could happen.
             | 
             | The biggest problem would be the absence of an European
             | criminal law pertaining to companies.
             | 
             | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-
             | content/summary/agreement...
        
         | BlackFly wrote:
         | If they need a head on a pike to get the rest of the world to
         | trust them enough again to keep competing with Airbus then
         | maybe they will find that rule of law still makes sense.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | So if members of the C-suite seeing jail time is what is best
           | for the company going forward -- surely they will line up and
           | fall on the sword.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | The Cult of Shareholder Value, oddly, stops just prior to
             | that point.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > I highly doubt they'd be criminal indictments.
         | 
         | This is a reference to an _existing_ criminal indictment, for
         | which Boeing entered into a deferred prosecution agreement in
         | which they paid $2.5 _billion_ in penalties and compensation
         | and accepted various behavioral commitments, which DoJ is now
         | saying they have breached, allowing prosecution to be
         | recommenced.
         | 
         | So, no, your prediction is wrong, it _is_ a criminal
         | indictment.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | It is kind of amazing that a corporation can get a deferred
           | prosecution agreement based on a monetary penalty.
           | 
           | If I had killed someone, would I be allowed to buy my
           | freedom?
        
             | it_citizen wrote:
             | You can do the next best thing.
             | 
             | Get a very expensive defense team. There are too many
             | instances of people who bought their freedom that way.
        
             | 0x445442 wrote:
             | I'm going to make a wild guess that those convicted of
             | murder is disproportionately inversely correlated with net
             | worth, so in a sense, yes you can.
        
             | aeonik wrote:
             | You can get plea bargains, and judges absolutely have
             | discretion to put individuals on probation in lieu of
             | criminal prosecution, if there is reason.
             | 
             | But those have their own separate issues, of course.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | If that someone was a law abiding bicyclist or pedestrian
             | you can expect only a wrist slap.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | > If I had killed someone, would I be allowed to buy my
             | freedom?
             | 
             | You mean like
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_Team_(law) ?
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > If I had killed someone, would I be allowed to buy my
             | freedom?
             | 
             | One difference between an individual and a company is the
             | former can't be guilty of a crime because of knowledge held
             | by the hand and imputed to the person by law, but not
             | possessed by the brain.
             | 
             | Which was pretty much the basis for the deferred
             | prosecution agreement here, and why besides the monetary
             | penalty Boeing was obligated to take steps to prevent
             | similar frauds.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | For a corporation who doesn't exist in reality one of the
             | most tangible punishments possible is monetary penalties
             | plus behavioral commitments with teeth. It's not like
             | they're going to put the Boeing HQ in a prison complex or
             | something.
             | 
             | Deferred prosecution saves a lot of money and time, on both
             | sides, as well as deflects some amount of discovery. It
             | also leaves a sword of Damocles over them that if they
             | don't reform everything they hoped to avoid by paying all
             | that money comes back upon them and worse.
             | 
             | This feels like a pretty effective way to punish and
             | attempt to reform a corporation. The fact Boeing is so
             | managed by the accountants that even their lawyers can't
             | convince them to stop cutting corners and trying to get
             | away with substandard work to juice EPS is baffling though.
             | The fact literally everyone on earth knows this is the
             | problem yet they are still appointing a new airplanes unit
             | CEO that is an accountant doubly so. (No joke, undergrad in
             | accounting, MBA, both marginal schools)
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | It would work quite well if you put the board in prison
               | though.
        
             | xenadu02 wrote:
             | > If I had killed someone, would I be allowed to buy my
             | freedom
             | 
             | In some cases this has been allowed, assuming it was not
             | intentional. For example a neurosurgeon who accidentally
             | hits someone in a crosswalk. The family can ask for no jail
             | time so the surgeon can continue practicing because that's
             | the only way the civil settlement will get paid. This
             | depends on the victim or family's wishes, whether or not
             | the prosecutor will approve, and what the judge thinks.
             | 
             | From a societal view and the victim's view it might be a
             | better outcome to get monetary compensation.
             | 
             | FWIW since Boeing is too big to fail I'd love to see the US
             | Government get rid of the current upper management and
             | board. Put engineers back in charge and move HQ back to
             | Seattle.
             | 
             | Boeing's "new" CEO is another accountant. How much do you
             | think he really cares or even understands the engineering
             | and process issues? And how long do you think that "care"
             | will last once the heat dies down?
        
       | cowsaymoo wrote:
       | Somehow another disastrous news cycle for Boeing. Any feature
       | suggestions for my new extension that highlights MAX routes on
       | Google Flights?
       | 
       | https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/iabbdbcbohcifefhimd...
        
         | qxfys wrote:
         | I have been intentionally avoiding Max since the Lion and
         | Ethiopian (at least when I buy the ticket).
         | 
         | However, there were occasions when the airline rescheduled my
         | flights (for many different reasons), which resulted in me
         | being on a max flight. While I can change one of them, changes
         | to most of them were not practical (time-wise, effort-wise,
         | etc). So, at some point, I have to live with the fact that
         | flying max is unavoidable. Any idea how we can practically
         | circumvent this?
        
           | jfim wrote:
           | You can fly carriers that don't have any Boeing planes.
           | JetBlue, Spirit, and Frontier don't operate any Boeing
           | planes, as far as I know.
        
             | qxfys wrote:
             | Avoiding all boeing planes altogether seems to be an
             | overkill solution to me. An older version of 737 and 777
             | seems to be working pretty well. At least historically.
        
           | stevesimmons wrote:
           | Fly airlines whose fleets are 100% Airbus?
        
             | qxfys wrote:
             | I don't mind flying an older version of 737, though. :-)
        
           | cowsaymoo wrote:
           | That would probably require an active monitoring and
           | notification system outside of the extension, maybe using a
           | flight tracker api. It could be an added option at the
           | purchase screen. At a minimum I may add this disclaimer here.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Fly less
        
       | ForFreedom wrote:
       | And the insurance of boeing pays up the fine/money..
        
       | gonzo41 wrote:
       | Until a few C-Level people go to Prison for a terribly long time,
       | nothing will improve.
        
         | thuridas wrote:
         | Firing them with their bonuses and golden parachutes won't help
         | at all
        
         | cj wrote:
         | Alternate approach that doesn't involve sending people to jail
         | just to make an example of them:
         | 
         | Make up a new position with equal authority as the CEO, but
         | their only charter is safety and compliance. Lift the corporate
         | veil specifically for that role (and only that role) so that
         | they are personally liable for the performance in their role
         | and the safety of the company's products.
         | 
         | Require that companies halt sales and production if this role
         | is unfilled.
         | 
         | In a free market, no sane human would accept that job unless
         | there was a (legitimately) extremely small risk that they would
         | ever be personally liable.
         | 
         | CEOs need incentive structures like this in order to change
         | their priorities/behaviors.
         | 
         | Sending CEOs to jail is the brute force approach.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | There are always people willing to risk jail time for a high-
           | enough payoff. They're called career criminals and the role
           | would attract them in droves.
           | 
           | The only way honest people would take it is if they outranked
           | the CEO on safety matters.
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | we need laws like Europe where they can charge significant
           | percentages of global revenue (not sure how much at least
           | 10%, possibly 50%?) before they'll listen. It's so rare for
           | people to be criminally charged, the only really plausible,
           | realistic change in policy is as I stated.
        
       | hgyjdetjj wrote:
       | Still nobody will go to prison.
       | 
       | TooBigToJail as they say.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | The least we can do is give them a criminal record.
        
       | zaptheimpaler wrote:
       | I wonder if they are criminally liable for murdering 2
       | whistleblowers as well..
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | I'd guess not as nobody wants to be the judge (or jury member)
         | they find themselves also criminally liable for murdering.
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | With only some circumstantial evidence? Almost certainly not.
        
           | thejohnconway wrote:
           | Virtually all evidence presented in courts is circumstantial
           | (including DNA, fingerprints, etc.), eyewitness testimony of
           | the actual crime is pretty much the only thing that isn't.
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | If they have anything like that then there might be the
             | case, but so far all that is publicly known is that Boeing
             | plausibly had a motive for wanting them dead. No sane
             | prosecutor will try their luck with only that to go on.
        
               | thejohnconway wrote:
               | So the argument is that's it's weak evidence, not
               | circumstantial. Circumstantial evidence is often the
               | strongest kind.
        
           | okdood64 wrote:
           | What circumstantial evidence is there besides motive?
        
             | lupusreal wrote:
             | None that I know of, so I don't expect anything to come of
             | it unless there's something more the public hasn't heard
             | about. You can't reasonably expect a murder trial with that
             | little to go on. They don't even have homicide listed on
             | the death certificates.
        
         | tristan957 wrote:
         | Can you show us any evidence?
        
       | ceving wrote:
       | Some details: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlaMQBEg-9M
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | > _Boeing has violated a 2021 agreement that shielded it from
       | criminal prosecution after two 737 Max disasters left 346 people
       | dead overseas_
       | 
       | Somehow I think this phrase would have been better without the
       | word "overseas". After all (to quote the old Depeche Mode song),
       | people are people, no matter if they're from the US, Ethiopia or
       | Indonesia, so the fact that it happened overseas shouldn't make a
       | plane crash less relevant. Although, if the first crash had
       | happened in the US, maybe the increased scrutiny would have led
       | to the second one being avoided...
        
         | moring wrote:
         | Might be just a remark so people don't wonder if they missed
         | the news about these crashes.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | True from most PoV's. OTOH, the U.S. Department of Justice's
         | turf generally ends at the U.S. border, so "overseas" _is_ an
         | important distinction here.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > OTOH, the U.S. Department of Justice's turf generally ends
           | at the U.S. border, so "overseas" is an important distinction
           | here
           | 
           | Nah, the US is _extremely_ aggressive all over the world, to
           | the extent I 'm not sure anyone in that country understands
           | the word jurisdiction outside of state/federal in their own
           | context. Be it extradition of people committing crimes
           | elsewhere/online, enforcing their own sanctions on companies
           | in other countries, and tons of other things. Otherwise you
           | wouldn't have Ukrainians getting extradited to the US for
           | running torrent websites in Ukraine, Australians being
           | extradited for running leak websites, French banks being
           | fined for working with Iranian businesses, Colombians and
           | Mexicans being assassinated or extradited for running drug
           | empires in their own countries exporting to the US,
           | kidnapping random civilians to be tortured based on their
           | name/watch model, a law being on the books allowing the army
           | to invade any place that held American war criminals (like
           | the Hague and the courts there) and on and on and on.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | It's still an important distinction. Your list of things
             | doesn't seem relevant to that at all.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | If the US Department of Justice thinks it has
               | jurisdiction over Ukrainian torrent websites hosting
               | links to American-produced media content, why wouldn't it
               | have jurisdiction over American-produced planes killing
               | people in Indonesia and Ethiopia from negligent design
               | and manufacturing, both of which happened in the US?
        
               | williamcotton wrote:
               | There are these things called extradition treaties.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Which apply to crimes committed in the country asking for
               | extradition.
               | 
               | E.g. Artem Vaulin didn't commit crimes in the US by
               | running a torrent website from his home in Ukraine, yet
               | he was extradited and sued by a court in Illinois,
               | instead of a court in Ukraine where his alleged crimes
               | took place.
               | 
               | Random guys kidnapped by the CIA didn't commit crimes in
               | the US either.
        
               | arcticfox wrote:
               | It would and should have jurisdiction over both, you're
               | right.
        
             | xattt wrote:
             | Even though the crashes happened outside the US, the
             | malicious actions around the engineering of those planes
             | happened on US soil.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | Yes and no, and I used "generally" for good reason.
             | 
             | While the DoJ's often-obnoxious international behavior gets
             | plenty of attention, the "how much does this matter to the
             | US?" threshold for them to get involved rises sharply
             | beyond the US border. And the legal basis for their
             | involvement (Boeing _does_ have lawyers, to argue the
             | details in court) often changes, too.
             | 
             | OR - if a small-time, local crook is robbing US banks, how
             | likely is the DoJ to get involved? (Hint: Answer includes
             | "FBI".) Vs. how many small-time, local bank robbers is the
             | DoJ chasing in Canada? Poland? Thailand?
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | The US also has the Alien Tort Act from 1789 [0] (one of
               | our oldest acts) that gives Federal Courts jurisdiction
               | in violations of law abroad.
               | 
               | It de facto allow foreign nationals to sue parties with
               | sufficient ties to the US (most black money ends up in
               | the US in some way) in Federal Courts for human rights
               | violations committed outside the United States
               | 
               | We also have the Magnitsky Act that allows US sanctions
               | on foreign politicians found to have been corrupt (and
               | it's named after the accountant who Jamison Firestone
               | hired to manage his Russian business and who was
               | assassinated for his investigations into corruption and
               | malfeasance)
               | 
               | There are a slew of additional laws, acts, and precedents
               | that allow the DoJ to step in (or allow foreign nationals
               | to push the DoJ to step in) if bad practices arise.
               | 
               | Unsurprisingly, both China and Russia have been very
               | vocally opposed to both acts, as it makes laundering ill
               | gotten gains much harder.
               | 
               | [0] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Tort_Statute
        
               | weaksauce wrote:
               | it was worse than just a quick assassination... he was
               | arrested and sent to a horrible russian jail where he was
               | tortured repeatedly and then withheld from medical
               | treatment for a period of time until he died.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | True! I was trying to keep a neutralish tone.
        
             | afiori wrote:
             | both can be true: The US is extremely aggresive in
             | "protecting" internal interests internationally and lax at
             | punishing its own for international crimes.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | The distinction here seems to be going the other way: the
             | DOJ is investigating a domestic entity over its domestic
             | activities, even though the most serious consequences of
             | that activity occurred overseas. If it does decide to
             | proceed, it seems unlikely that it will have occasion to
             | seek extradition of the major targets (or, if it did, that
             | it could reasonably be seen as an abuse of extradition.)
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >Ukrainians getting extradited to the US for running
             | torrent websites in Ukraine
             | 
             | Source?
             | 
             | >a law being on the books allowing the army to invade any
             | place that held American war criminals (like the Hague and
             | the courts there) and on and on and on.
             | 
             | Seems reasonable, considering they don't recognize such
             | organizations. If they held Americans for crimes, it'd
             | basically be kidnapping.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KickassTorrents#Arrest_of_t
               | he_...
               | 
               | In practical terms, America's policy is that might makes
               | right - an attractive policy, when you've got the might.
               | 
               | Extradition is essentially a one-way affair: Ukrainian
               | Artem Vaulin runs a torrent website hosted in Ukraine?
               | Arrest and extradition at America's demand. An American
               | like Anne Sacoolas kills someone in the UK by negligent
               | driving? No extradition.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | I think you need more solid examples.
               | 
               | > Arrest and extradition at America's demand.
               | 
               | Was he extradited? The article you linked to suggests
               | not.
               | 
               | > Anne Sacoolas kills someone in the UK by negligent
               | driving? No extradition. This article says: "Sacoolas
               | admitted causing death by careless driving, which carries
               | a maximum sentence of five years imprisonment. Justice
               | Bobbie Cheema-Grubb said Sacoolas' actions were "not far
               | short of deliberately dangerous driving," but she reduced
               | the penalty because of Sacoolas' guilty plea and previous
               | good character."
               | 
               | Which seems to suggest you should blame a UK judge for
               | letting Sacoolas go free, no?
               | 
               | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/harry-dunn-uk-anne-sacoolas-
               | sus...
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Sacoolas went free because she fled the country
               | immediately after the accident, while making specious
               | claims of diplomatic immunity.
               | 
               | By the time it got to trial, Sacoolas was already beyond
               | the reach of law. The only decision the judge faced was
               | whether to further the controversy or brush it under the
               | rug.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KickassTorrents#Arrest_of_
               | the_...
               | 
               | He tried to get his case dismissed on the basis that he
               | wasn't in the US, and that motion was dismissed by a
               | judge[1]. The reasoning given was that even though he was
               | situated in Ukraine, he was doing crimes in the US by
               | abetting Americans in copyright infringement. This seems
               | somewhat reasonable to me. If a Ukrainian was hacking
               | American computer networks from Ukraine, should he also
               | be immune from US prosecution?
               | 
               | [1] https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-vaulin
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > The reasoning given was that even though he was
               | situated in Ukraine, he was doing crimes in the US by
               | abetting Americans in copyright infringement. This seems
               | somewhat reasonable to me. If a Ukrainian was hacking
               | American computer networks from Ukraine, should he also
               | be immune from US prosecution?
               | 
               | But he wasn't actively doing anything to Americans or
               | American networks like hacking. He was hosting a website
               | where people, including Americans, could post links, and
               | use links to download pirated content. The fact that
               | Americans broke their country's laws is a crime they
               | committed, not him.
               | 
               | The judge's reasoning would imply that anything that
               | happens online where Americans could access it and is
               | criminal in the US automatically becomes a crime that
               | happened in the US, which is crazy and total bullshit.
               | Why isn't the US extraditing Hungarian porn actors and
               | porn companies for showing online where Americans can see
               | it exhibitionist porn which would be illegal in many
               | places in the US?
               | 
               | It's a ridiculous case.
               | 
               | But you can bet that if France tries to extradite someone
               | posting antisemitic bullshit on X related to France (e.g.
               | about the recent desecration of the Shoah memorial), US
               | courts will refuse extradition.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | Anne Sacoolas is somewhat more nuanced than that, mostly
               | because Diplomatic Immunity is a strange necessity for
               | functional alliances.
               | 
               | The underlying gist is that people important to the
               | government or possessing sensitive knowledge are immune
               | to prosecution from allies to prevent prosecution being a
               | viable method of coercing information from government
               | officials. Ie the US cannot charge a UK ambassador,
               | because that ambassador may be tempted to leak secrets in
               | exchange for leniency.
               | 
               | The same typically goes for family members for the same
               | reason.
               | 
               | In this case Sacoolas had done undercover work for the
               | CIA at some point, so likely had knowledge the State
               | Department did not want leaked. Her husband was active in
               | the CIA and likely also had similar knowledge.
               | 
               | The same is true in reverse. You can look up the court
               | cases, the US has had to drop several cases due to
               | diplomatic immunity.
               | 
               | There is an element of might makes right to diplomatic
               | immunity because there is no real higher power to enforce
               | it. If a country is willing to weather the political
               | fallout (and reciprocal loss of diplomatic immunity),
               | potential hostile action, and can get their hands on the
               | perpetrator, they're free to ignore diplomatic immunity.
               | 
               | In practice, diplomatic immunity is almost always
               | respected, even when it could probably be ignored,
               | because of onlookers. If the US ignores eg Kenya's
               | diplomatic immunity (who they can likely afford to piss
               | off), it might worry the UK who the US does not want to
               | piss off.
               | 
               | Diplomatic immunity is very, very rarely ignored, but is
               | waived with some regularity. The US is particularly
               | liberal with granting diplomatic immunity, though, and
               | more reluctant to waive it than most countries.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | There were a lot of questions about whether Sacoolas had
               | actually had diplomatic immunity, due to not being a
               | diplomat and not having the paperwork a normal diplomat
               | would have. Although perhaps it's to be expected that
               | spies' paperwork would be irregular. There was also a
               | claim that Sacoolas had some sort of secret diplomatic
               | immunity under a secret treaty. Some reports claimed US
               | spies had diplomatic immunity only while _on_ the
               | military base, while their families had immunity even
               | while _off_ base, implying Sacoolas would have immunity
               | unless she was a CIA employee. Which she was at the time,
               | according to some reports. Or was she merely a former CIA
               | employee? Understandably, the CIA is not in the business
               | of confirming such matters.
               | 
               | I agree with you that there is nuance involved.
               | 
               | I would say the precise nuance is irrelevant. Whether
               | Sacoolas had immunity in _theory_ is unimportant - only
               | that she had immunity in practice.
        
               | masfuerte wrote:
               | Sacoolas pleaded guilty to causing death by careless
               | driving in 2022. She did not have diplomatic immunity.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Artem Vaulin and friends from Kickass Torrents.
               | 
               | > Seems reasonable, considering they don't recognize such
               | organizations. If they held Americans for crimes, it'd
               | basically be kidnapping.
               | 
               | So if an American is detained in Germany for a crime
               | committed there, that's kidnapping and the US can invade
               | Germany? I'm sure you realise how delusional that is.
        
             | karaterobot wrote:
             | So you understand that there is a jurisdictional
             | distinction between domestic and foreign. Good, so do they.
             | That's what they're talking about.
        
           | StanislavPetrov wrote:
           | Julian Assange would like a word with you.
        
           | jchook wrote:
           | AFAIK the plane itself is still technically US soil.
        
       | projektfu wrote:
       | It is amazing to me how much grief could have been avoided if
       | Boeing had committed to the 757 instead of the 737. Almost every
       | operator who is using large 737s is using ramps and lift buses to
       | access the aircraft, obviating the need to fill a large aircraft
       | from a short staircase. Training pilots once to use 757s would
       | have been a small expense compared to the risk that the entire
       | Boeing brand is destroyed. And, the 757 could probably have
       | stayed competitive with Airbus.
       | 
       | Was all this craziness due to some business magazine article
       | about Southwest Airlines doing so well because they only had one
       | major type of aircraft?
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | Southwest and Ryanair, two of the biggest airlines in the
         | world, are exclusively 737. It allows them to keep maintenance
         | and flight crew costs low, and they were the primary forces
         | insisting on Boeing improving a design which is beyond its
         | limits. They'll kick the can down the road for as long as they
         | can.
        
           | projektfu wrote:
           | Did Southwest sell off all the 717s when they bought AirTran?
           | I haven't flown SWA in a long time.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | According to Wikipedia:
             | 
             | > Southwest integrated AirTran's fleet of Boeing 737-700
             | series aircraft into Southwest Airlines brand and livery,
             | and the Boeing 717 fleet was then leased out to Delta Air
             | Lines starting in mid-2013
             | 
             | Same as Alaska Airlines getting rid of the A320s they got
             | by acquiring Virgin America. (Although they're in the same
             | predicament again by acquiring Hawaiian).
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | I'm sure they considered it. Can a '57 fit in every airport
         | (runway length, gate size, or base altitude) that a '37 can?
         | What about engines? Would any engine maker have been able to
         | deliver revamped '57 engines when they have been mostly
         | focusing on other models?
        
         | xenadu02 wrote:
         | Some of Boeing's large customers would only commit to buying
         | 737s if the update did not require training or updating the
         | type rating. The 737 was originally so low to the ground to
         | enable it to use air stairs and operate at airports without jet
         | bridges (most airports at the time of its introduction). Not
         | sure anyone could predict engine efficiency would require
         | engines so much larger they wouldn't really fit on the 737.
         | 
         | Not that this matters much since they ended the 757 in 2004.
         | 
         | We can't really know what would have happened but it is
         | possible introducing a telescoping landing gear system to let
         | the 757 MAX sit higher off the ground would have avoided all of
         | these problems. The engines could have remained at their actual
         | design location meaning no need for MCAS. The failure mode
         | would be failure to retract landing gear if the telescoping
         | system failed... rather than uncommanded pitch changes. A
         | simpler failure mode with less risk.
         | 
         | None of this would have helped with Boeing's current problem
         | (and a problem that plagued the 787 too): splitting off bits of
         | the company and massive outsourcing to screw labor as hard as
         | possible.
         | 
         | Folks don't seem to remember the 787 was a huge fiasco because
         | Boeing outsourced so much of that aircraft and their vendors
         | were unable to deliver parts on the required timelines, at the
         | required quality, or in the required quantity. Boeing ended up
         | having to buy a bunch of them to bring work back in-house to
         | rescue the program.
         | 
         | Spirit Aerosystems was just the same strategy: outsource
         | construction of the airframe (!!) by spinning off that
         | department as a separate company so they could easily squeeze
         | their now-vendor which would by design turn around and squeeze
         | the employees. Kick them out of the Boeing retirement plan, cut
         | benefits and pay, etc. Is anyone surprised Spirit filled
         | positions with the cheapest bodies they could find? Think about
         | the whole door fiasco: the ticket filed by Boeing QA was
         | initially closed by the Spirit people basically doing nothing
         | and hoping QA would just close the ticket without checking.
         | That behavior didn't raise any alarms within Boeing indicating
         | it was normal behavior by that point.
        
       | thedudeabides5 wrote:
       | good
        
       | laylower wrote:
       | I wonder if the value of life for those whistleblowers no longer
       | around is the same...
        
       | Kalanos wrote:
       | corporations are not people. people are liable.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | A company being criminally liable just means slightly larger
       | fines. They aren't charging individuals. No one is going to jail
       | over this.
        
       | EasyMark wrote:
       | This is one of those things that "sounds good" in a headline but
       | I will never believe it until I see it. You have to do Enron
       | level of white collar crime to ever get prosecuted in the USA for
       | abusing the "corporate veil" above the middle management or
       | specific individuals who take the fall for the higher ups.
        
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