[HN Gopher] Brain Uses Quantum Effects, New Study Finds
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       Brain Uses Quantum Effects, New Study Finds
        
       Author : lisper
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2024-05-12 15:27 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (backreaction.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (backreaction.blogspot.com)
        
       | ttctciyf wrote:
       | The paper itself[0] is a little (hah!) over my head, but this[1]
       | tickled me:
       | 
       | > I've heard more than one person say that what a pity that
       | Penrose fell for this crazy Hameroff person. But, well, I've met
       | both Penrose and Hameroff and they're both crazy of course, but
       | neither of them is stupid.
       | 
       | 0: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07936
       | 
       | 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6G1D2UQ3gg&t=181s
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | The important thing in that paper is not "quantum", but the
         | claim that internal data transmission by light within neural
         | systems is a thing. The paper cites this result on ultra-weak
         | light emissions from neurons.[1] The paper is behind Elsevier's
         | paywall.
         | 
         | So the paper then takes data transmission by light as a given,
         | and goes on to hypothesize structures that direct light as
         | fiber optics do, and from there goes on to "ultrafast" data
         | transmission.
         | 
         | Comments from biochemistry people would help here. It's not at
         | all clear what's an actual result and what's hand-waving.
         | However, it is clear that this is an area where experimentation
         | is possible. Further work should move this out of the range of
         | speculation and either confirm or dismiss it.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S10111...
        
       | nutrie wrote:
       | Every time I listen to Sir Roger speak, I wonder how much he
       | keeps to himself. He is such a gem.
        
         | nomemory wrote:
         | I suspect a lot. He has unorthodox views on lots of topics. For
         | one he doesn't seem to believe in the heat death of the
         | Universe. He has some interesting theories in regards to
         | gravitational waves and so on.
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | > he doesn't seem to believe in the heat death of the
           | Universe
           | 
           | I'm not sure I believe that the heat death of the universe
           | really is the end of all things forever and for all time
           | either, after reading Asimov's _The Last Question_ and a
           | particularly fantastic manga oneshot adaptation by manga
           | artist Ryul.
           | 
           | If you haven't read it, I can't recommend it more highly, and
           | the manga version is a nice addition to the canon. I found a
           | version narrated by the man himself on the Internet Archive,
           | and I also found a fully voice acted audio version from the
           | Drabblecast, also linked below.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Question
           | 
           | https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?41230
           | 
           | Original publication:
           | 
           | https://archive.org/stream/Science_Fiction_Quarterly_New_Ser.
           | ..
           | 
           | Manga version:
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/9KWrH
           | 
           | https://www.mangaupdates.com/series/oo67iat/the-last-
           | questio...
           | 
           | https://mangadex.org/title/f1e5d886-cc50-4cbf-
           | ac8b-6914d9343...
           | 
           | https://archive.org/details/manga_The_Last_Question
           | 
           | Audiobook versions:
           | 
           | https://archive.org/details/IsaacAsimovAudioBookCollection/1.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.drabblecast.org/2011/03/11/drabblecast-200-the-l.
           | ..
        
             | dumbo-octopus wrote:
             | One interesting angle I've heard proposed with regard to
             | this is that even post-"heat death", there is no guarantee
             | that local pockets of low entropy will not exist. Indeed -
             | quite the opposite is true: let's say being in a maximum-
             | entropy state requires all particles to assume a fully
             | random distribution (otherwise a potential gradient would
             | exist somewhere, a form of order, and the entropy would not
             | be maximized). Now, take a description of an NxNxN chunk of
             | universal "stuff" (energy, matter, etc). Similar to how we
             | can find every string of digits in Pi if we look long
             | enough (each given substring is equal to the search string
             | with probability 1/10^N, N is length of string), we should
             | be able to find every possible chunk in the maximum-entropy
             | universe, with the probability for any given chunk matching
             | being 1/M^N^3, (M is the universal "base", how many options
             | a given location has for what it can be in the encoding we
             | are using).
             | 
             | Long story short, assuming an infinite universe post-"heat
             | death", we'd expect to be able to find every possible
             | arrangement of particles represented at some location, even
             | very complex ones such as the entire universal state we
             | observe today.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | I've heard these theoretical ideas advanced also, perhaps
               | in writings by Richard Dawkins but I'm not sure; iirc the
               | idea is loosely related to the concept of quantum foam
               | but I may be mistaken.
               | 
               | > Quantum foam or spacetime foam is a theoretical quantum
               | fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales due to
               | quantum mechanics. The theory predicts that at these
               | small scales, particles of matter and antimatter are
               | constantly created and destroyed. These subatomic objects
               | are called virtual particles. The idea was devised by
               | John Wheeler in 1955.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_foam
               | 
               | https://www.vice.com/en/article/j5yngp/the-universe-is-
               | made-...
        
       | icf80 wrote:
       | TEXT 24: This individual soul is unbreakable and insoluble, and
       | can be neither burned nor dried. He is everlasting, present
       | everywhere, unchangeable, immovable and eternally the same.
       | 
       | https://vedabase.io/en/library/bg/2/
        
       | AnotherGoodName wrote:
       | Quantum effects allow for randomness which is nice since it gives
       | some sense of not being a machine entirely on rails.
       | 
       | That alone alone doesn't give determinism though. For that we
       | still need to have some influence on the outcomes of quantum
       | events. If there's a mechanism by which we can will for some
       | quantum outcomes to be more likely than others that'd be nice.
       | It'd fit with intuition that we aren't just observers of a series
       | of events but actual participants that determine the outcome.
        
         | GrantMoyer wrote:
         | I find the notion that free will requires a non-determistic
         | system strange. Consider for the sake of argument that you love
         | apples and hate oranges. Then given a free choice between an
         | apple and an orange, you'll always pick the apple. The system
         | is determisitic, _and your free will is what makes it
         | deterministic_. On the other hand, if you were required to
         | choose an apple or an orange based on a coin flip, you wouldn
         | 't call that free will.
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | Someone who hates oranges might still, on rare occasion, pick
           | one. Maybe they're having a bad day, misunderstood the
           | instruction, or wanted to turn their life around starting
           | _now_. We might make decisions with high likelihood but it's
           | a qualitative leap to go from 99.999999% to 100%.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | If there's a reason for it, that's still deterministic; if
             | there is no reason for it, that's still random.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | There's always more context to a choice than a simple
             | question, but we aren't limited to vague questions.
             | 
             | What you ate for breakfast January 3, 2024 could be what
             | you always eat with those memories, that body, those
             | resources etc. So saying yes once could very well mean you
             | would say yes 100% in exactly that context without meaning
             | you would always say yes in similar but not identical
             | situations.
             | 
             | On the other hand if it's random in identical contexts then
             | it's just random not free will.
        
           | matt-attack wrote:
           | There's an excellent 2hr or so podcast episode on free will
           | that has drastically changed my mind on the notion of
           | determinism. The main argument is that the notion of "choice"
           | is in fact an illusion and when you dive into what you're
           | actually doing when you "choose" you realize that it's really
           | just determinism under the hood.
           | 
           | In other words a deterministic universe is actually
           | completely consistent with our experience once you realize
           | that the mechanism of us "choosing" anything is really an
           | illusion.
           | 
           | Highly recommend it.
           | 
           | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/making-sense-with-
           | sam-...
        
           | raindeer2 wrote:
           | Indeed. The problem is that the word "free" has different
           | meanings when talking about free will and freedom in other
           | contexts. What you talk about is value freedom, while ppl
           | denying the existence of free will refer to "physcial"
           | freedom. Few ppl notice the distinction though which makes
           | the debate somewhat strange.
           | 
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.08435
        
             | teew wrote:
             | One thing that's really strange about this article is that
             | it presents compatibilism and incompatibilism as having a
             | different concept of 'free will' - compatibilism sporting
             | an everyday sense of _free_ and incompatibilism roughly a
             | more scientific one. The article assumes incompatibilism to
             | be correct on those grounds and goes from there. Coming
             | from the philosophical literature, this is simply not the
             | case. If both sides assume the same definition of free
             | will, e.g. as  "the agent could have chosen differently",
             | they still have a genuine disagreement...
        
           | teew wrote:
           | For some reason, most opinions on this topic that one reads
           | on forums with of technically inclined people are non-
           | compatibilist (the view that causal determinism and free will
           | are mutually exclusive) while a good number of people that
           | think a lot about will (i.e. philosophers) are
           | compatibilists...
           | 
           | Note though that in metaphysics/theory of mind determinism is
           | defined as the state at a given moment being necessitated
           | from the state at a previous moment. I think one could
           | critique your argument by saying that you're just pushing
           | back the question of determinism by one level (i.e. "what's
           | responsible for your preference of apples in the first
           | place?"). The fact that you always choose the same way can
           | then be taken to be a proof of determinism instead.
           | 
           | A compatibilist line of argument for your position might go
           | something like this: What we consider a free will would
           | hardly be met by a will completely detached from any
           | deterministic constraints whatsoever. If a necessary
           | condition for free will was that it is free from any external
           | conditions, what would there even be for it to 'choose', and
           | on what basis could its choices be made? Only if your mind
           | knows of apples and oranges (objects subject to deterministic
           | systems) and can interact with them (is at least partly part
           | of the same system) can it make a meaningful choice between
           | them. (Again, this view is based on the assumption that
           | determinism exists and that free will is possible.)
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | [delayed]
        
           | MeImCounting wrote:
           | The question is rather what circumstances gave rise to the
           | system that would make a given choice. Thats all "free will"
           | is: the current state of a system that gives rise to a
           | specific choice.
           | 
           | Free will as its commonly understood is an entirely religious
           | concept and has little/no utility in explaining behavior. It
           | is, IMO entirely unrelated to consciousness and a distracting
           | subject that traps people into circular reasoning.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Thermal noise alone is enough to yield randomness.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | "Randomness" is not a correct interpretation of quantum
         | mechanics, all you can say is that, beyond some limit,
         | uncertainty in measurements kicks in. A deterministic process
         | being behind it cannot be ruled out (yet?).
        
           | heisenzombie wrote:
           | Hmm, we have actually ruled out quite a lot of that sort of
           | thing... For example we're pretty sure there's nothing like a
           | "local hidden variable", e.g. a little deterministic process
           | in an electron determining if it's going to be spin up or
           | spin down when measured.
           | 
           | See: Bell's theorem.
        
             | moralestapia wrote:
             | Oh, I may have missed that. So, can a deterministic process
             | be ruled out?
        
               | Fourier864 wrote:
               | An experiment that proved that there are no local
               | variables which secretly determine the outcome of a
               | quantum measurement won the Nobel Prize in 2022:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem
               | 
               | It appears to be completely random.
        
               | moralestapia wrote:
               | Not an expert in physics but nowhere in there says any of
               | the statements you make (well, except for the Nobel
               | Prize).
        
         | dumbo-octopus wrote:
         | For a detailed investigation of this topic by an renowned
         | quantum computer scientist: https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0159.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Instead it's a machine on a roulette table? There is no third
         | state between determinism and randomness. Either something has
         | a cause, or it doesn't, and hence is random (or a combination
         | of both).
         | 
         | > actual participants that determine the outcome.
         | 
         | Nobody disputes that we are (well, almost nobody). But we as
         | participants are ourselves an outcome of processes that are
         | somehow determined, and our decisions have causes. And assuming
         | that they're instead random doesn't improve the situation.
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | ... but so does anything that performs photosynthesis?
        
         | p0w3n3d wrote:
         | There is a lot of intelligence in plants. For example crown
         | shyness, navigating to water, trees informing each other that a
         | giraffe is eating their leaves, etc.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | None of that is what I'd call "a lot" of intelligence, not
           | even in aggregate.
           | 
           | (Evolution itself can be described as a form of intelligence,
           | but evolution is as different from individuals as humanity
           | collectively is from a single thought).
        
       | ioblomov wrote:
       | Given that it took probabilistic models to create the fluency of
       | generative AI, it would only make sense that brains exploit
       | quantum effects.
        
       | api wrote:
       | I've speculated for many years that biology is harnessing quantum
       | computing in some way and that this is one of the simplest
       | explanations for how the brain can do what it does so quickly on
       | so little power. It only consumes around 40 watts and does things
       | an entire AWS data center can't do.
       | 
       | Quantum compute could be being leveraged to do things like
       | accelerating search for gradient descent. This would allow very
       | rapid learning in polynomial time. There are also quantum
       | algorithms that can more or less serialize parallel search, etc.
       | 
       | The objection is usually that biology is hot and noisy and wet
       | and that this is a poor environment for QC. This assumes that
       | it's doing QC in a remotely similar way to how the quantum
       | computers we are trying to build would do it. Billions of years
       | of evolution might have found ways to harness quantum phenomena
       | for information processing that are quite radically different.
       | It's all analog for starters, so nothing like a "qubit" or
       | rigidly defined circuits.
       | 
       | Maybe some biochemical reactions are structured so as to invoke
       | and amplify useful quantum effects that allow things to happen
       | informatically that would be much slower or more costly without
       | those effects.
       | 
       | Without understanding what's happening this would just look like
       | noise and luck to us. I do know that there are "unreasonably
       | effective" enzymes and reactions involved in things like DNA
       | repair, though it's been a while since I read about this. I think
       | there are cases where repair complexes find DNA errors more
       | effectively than can easily be explained by basic chemistry and
       | chance, and we are not sure exactly what's going on. Maybe
       | there's something involving quantum information processing
       | happening somewhere.
        
         | 613style wrote:
         | This feels a lot like a standard line of muddy thinking we see
         | in youtube videos about consciousness (for example): "we don't
         | understand brains, and we don't understand quantum mechanics,
         | so they're probably related."
         | 
         | It's easy to speculate, but it's not easy to find any evidence
         | at all to back up those guesses. It's still not clear that this
         | has anything to do with consciousness or information processing
         | or AWS datacenters.
        
           | throwaway11460 wrote:
           | There's evidence that biology takes advantage of quantum
           | effects on all levels - all the way from individual chemical
           | bonds and interactions of molecules (quantum biochemistry) up
           | to cellular and multi-cellular. Mostly because there's no way
           | it could work on such small scales and be so energy efficient
           | if it didn't.
           | 
           | So one thing is certain - the brain does use quantum
           | mechanics just like the rest of the body, because otherwise
           | it wouldn't be possible to have so much done inside such a
           | small volume, with such small amounts of energy.
           | 
           | Of course this question is actually meant to be "is brain a
           | quantum computer?" and we don't have any idea.
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | If you take the results of this work and also recent work in
       | understanding what's called the "Null space" of preparatory
       | neuronal activity prior to action [1] then it paints a fairly
       | clear picture that the null space might be interacting with this
       | micro tubular architecture, and perhaps the activation function
       | for skeletal muscle act is this wave collapse, informing the null
       | space function evaluation
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-024-00796-z.epdf?shar...
        
       | coppsilgold wrote:
       | Would it be surprising if evolution managed to exploit quantum
       | mechanics for function? It did exploit everything else.
       | 
       | There is also a theory that quantum mechanics plays a role in
       | olfaction[1].
       | 
       | [1] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration_theory_of_olfaction>
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | It plays a role in photosynthesis, I don't have the reference
         | at hand (I'm on my phone), but that one is 100% verified.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | You can start at
           | https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2023/06/14/photosynthesis-key-
           | to-... and https://www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/PBD-
           | quantum-se... and use the names in those articles to pull up
           | the relevant literature.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | There are several biological processes for which we're fairly
         | certain that some quantum mechanical process is exploited.
         | Strictly speaking, everything about biology is ultimately
         | explained by quantum chemistry and physics, but not in a
         | particularly exciting way. However, I don't think anybody has
         | found any concrete evidence that any process in biology
         | exploits entanglement. Instead, the examples we've seen so far
         | are mostly around tunnelling, and coherency.
         | 
         | People argue a lot about the "meaning of quantum" but nearly
         | all the arguing is about the behavior of entanglement and
         | wavefunction collapse. Tunnelling and coherency are pretty
         | banal QM phenomena at this point.
         | 
         | As for Sabine... I don't find her popular science vides about
         | biology to be particularly enlightening or accurate.
        
         | greyface- wrote:
         | It would be surprising if it _didn 't_. Why would an
         | evolutionary process avoid searching through mechanisms that
         | involve quantum effects?
        
         | bullfightonmars wrote:
         | Not at all! There is evidence of quantum effects in the light
         | harvesting complexes in chlorophyll that operate at ambient
         | temperatures. This appears to be a key element to the
         | efficiency of guiding photons to the photosystem.
        
         | lll-o-lll wrote:
         | Didn't Thunderf00t perform an experiment to prove that heavy
         | water tastes sweet due to a quantum effect?
        
       | Hugsun wrote:
       | The first thought that came into my head reading this title was:
       | "Ah, so they turned off the quantum effects for someone and they
       | became dumb".
       | 
       | I guess that someone was me.
        
       | alevskaya wrote:
       | This referenced paper seems like primarily a theoretical
       | modelling paper (almost all of its figures are simulations?) that
       | contains as far as I can read 3 (!) actual experimental
       | measurements in bulk on a fluorospectrophotometer. The claim is
       | that the observed increased fluorescent quantum yield (QY) of
       | microtubules over tubulin can be explained by the ideas in their
       | simulations.
       | 
       | It's hard to buy that their proposed stories are the simplest
       | explanation for these few measurements. Much more boring
       | phenomena can influence QY. e.g. simply occluding fluorophores
       | from the bulk solvent can have a huge influence on QY and
       | spectra. (I used to design biological fluorescent reporter
       | reagents...)
        
         | QuantumG wrote:
         | Or to put it more clearly: bullshit
         | 
         | Every article on Roger Penrose's nonsense is just like this.
         | It's stupid pseudoscience meant to make dumb people feel better
         | about being meatbags.
        
           | CooCooCaCha wrote:
           | Yeah I put this in the same bucket as religion and freewill.
           | These are things people cling onto because we so desperately
           | want to feel special and magical.
           | 
           | It's similar to learning that the universe doesn't literally
           | revolve around us.
        
             | umvi wrote:
             | > free will
             | 
             | Assuming free will doesn't exist, how would a world where
             | free will _does_ exist be any different? As far as I can
             | tell, our current world is indistinguishable from a world
             | with free will, therefore our world is equivalent to one
             | with free will.
        
               | CooCooCaCha wrote:
               | No, your response is not scientific. The default,
               | rational assumption is that the brain works through
               | normal physical processes.
               | 
               | In order for free will to exist there would need to be
               | some force outside of normal physics that influences the
               | physical world.
               | 
               | No evidence for this force of nature exists. And, at a
               | high level, this is no different from other quackery like
               | psychics, witchcraft and other similar nonsense where
               | people insist that their minds can influence the physical
               | world beyond normal physics.
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | The paper is not connected to Penrose.
        
       | havaloc wrote:
       | Star Trek had it right, living organisms beam at a "quantum
       | resolution".
        
       | parpfish wrote:
       | this paper is going to unleash a mighty wave of woo-woo
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | Most useful comment so far.
        
       | usgroup wrote:
       | I think -- roughly speaking -- Penrose argues that human
       | capabilities such as transductive reasoning are clearly not
       | computable, therefore falsifying the idea that the mind reduces
       | to an algorithm. He then goes on to propose how nonetheless what
       | the mind does might be physically grounded, even if not in purely
       | computational machinery.
        
         | rowanG077 wrote:
         | That doesn't make sense to me at all. If something is
         | physically grounded and can be achieved then shouldn't it, by
         | definition, be computable.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | No. Why should it be?
        
             | naasking wrote:
             | If it's physically grounded then it would be computable by
             | _some_ machine, just not necessarily a Turing machine. For
             | instance, a hypercomputer can solve the Halting problem for
             | Turing machines. We just have to be clear about the kind of
             | machine on which a problem is computable.
        
               | mb64 wrote:
               | It depends on if the universe is fundamentally
               | deterministic or not. Right now we don't have any way to
               | see beyond the apparent randomness in quantum mechanics
               | and we probably never will. This part of the universe
               | might be completely non-computable to us, it's just
               | random.
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | Randomness doesn't have any real impact on whether a
               | problem is computable. Just model the distribution of the
               | random variable. Non-deterministic Turing machines are a
               | thing.
        
         | mb64 wrote:
         | That wasn't the impression I got from Sabine's video. It's
         | consciousness itself (the subjective experience) that isn't
         | computable (AI will probably never be conscious).
        
       | TheLoafOfBread wrote:
       | So there is a chance to abuse a cockroach and turn it into
       | quantum computer for breaking encryption on the budget.
        
       | Horffupolde wrote:
       | Given that the brain is a physical object subject to all quantum
       | effects, wouldn't the novelty be that it _doesn 't_ use quantum
       | effects? That it does sounds obvious.
        
         | thsksbd wrote:
         | its worse than that. A physical system can go far without QM ->
         | see a system subject to Newton laws.
         | 
         | A chemical system is necessarily QM. Chemistry is either purely
         | empirical, or quantum.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Without QM, electrons would just drop into the nucleus. So
           | good luck building anything without QM.
        
         | wk_end wrote:
         | Words are intended to cut up the world - this is how they get
         | their meaning. If you've taken these words to apply to
         | everything in the in universe, you've rendered them
         | meaningless, which is not the intention. Projectiles are
         | subject to quantum effects but you can model their behaviour
         | classically perfectly well. A charitable reading would be
         | something like "to model the operational behaviour of the
         | brain, classical mechanics is insufficient".
        
           | gfodor wrote:
           | This is the kindest response I've ever seen to someone
           | suffering from whatever it is that causes these kinds of
           | comments on this specific website.
        
             | dj_mc_merlin wrote:
             | "Whatever it is" == the same neurophysical/genetic factors
             | that cause high development of "STEM" intelligence is
             | associated with inability to process social cues in a
             | dynamic fashion, somewhat related to high function autism.
             | A great preference for clear classification that is not
             | self-contradicting.
        
           | notfed wrote:
           | A charitable reading of _what_? I don 't think that's the
           | claim here, is it?
        
         | nsenifty wrote:
         | Perhaps the title should have been "Brain uses Quantum effects
         | in a useful/controllable way". Sabine explains it well in the
         | video. To use quantum effects for computation, you'd need very
         | controlled conditions and it was thought be to not possible in
         | the brain.
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | When these claims come up they don't mean that they are using
         | quantum effects to do normal atomic and molecular things, but
         | rather that somehow quantum effects are used in the process of
         | "cognition" thus allowing us to believe that we are in fact
         | more than biological machines and leave room for various
         | magical properties we like to think we have (souls,
         | consciousness, free will, etc).
         | 
         | While quantum effects have been found to aid in photosynthesis,
         | interesting uses in cognition or otherwise are in fact
         | extremely rare in biology. I believe photosynthesis is one of
         | the few documented examples. Also, despite the popularity of
         | the quantum brain idea, no one has been able to show definitive
         | evidence of it for decades now.
         | 
         | TLDR yes it would be incredibly novel if this claim were proven
         | to be true.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | "Quantum effects" usually refers to coherent states of
         | superposition. In an environment like the brain that is
         | suffused with photons (it's warm), if nothing else,
         | superpositions decohere virtually instantly. It's therefore
         | implausible that quantum effects could play any appreciable
         | computational role in the brain.
        
         | alevskaya wrote:
         | Quantum mechanics is needed to explain any microscopic
         | phenomena in chemistry and biology - that is not at all in
         | dispute.
         | 
         | The odd set of claims is that somehow biology has 1) figured
         | out how to preserve long-range entanglement and coherent states
         | at 300K in a solvated environment when we struggle to do so in
         | cold vacuum for quantum computing and 2) somehow still manages
         | to selectively couple this to the -known- neuronal
         | computational processes that are experimentally proven to be
         | essential to thought and consciousness.
         | 
         | This more or less amounts to assertions that "biology is magic"
         | without any substantive experimental evidence over the last
         | thirty years that any of the above is actually happening.
         | That's why most biophysicists and neuroscientists don't take it
         | at all seriously.
        
       | thsksbd wrote:
       | I'm always amused by the lack of creativity of biologists.
       | 
       | It seems every decade or so some closely held dogma of biological
       | systems is proven wrong after they mock physicists, computer
       | scientists or mathematicians who first suggest it.
        
       | I_am_tiberius wrote:
       | The following is most likely nonsense, but I always had the
       | intuition that there is a hidden connection between mother and
       | child that remains after the child's birth.
        
       | victorbstan wrote:
       | Could've just asked me.
        
       | cat_plus_plus wrote:
       | So there is a little quantum soul which is the consciousness of
       | the brain. How does the soul get it's consciousness?
       | 
       | I think the best attitude is that a. We have no clue what causes
       | consciousness and b. it's probably much more widespread that we
       | previously assumed. We assume that other humans, cats and
       | sufficiently advanced AI are conscious based on observing
       | behaviors similar to our own. But why should self awareness be
       | tied to specific behavior? Why not a star self aware of being a
       | star, without having any of the same senses, drives and
       | capabilities as a human? At best we can assume is that some other
       | animals/things might be self aware of similar occurrences as we
       | are.
       | 
       | As for quantum effects, if brain is able to leverage them in
       | computation, that's an obvious evolutionary advantage. One
       | obvious person of a brain is to simulate many possible potential
       | actions and their real world outcomes. If it's able to use
       | quantum states to model multiple scenarios simultaneously, that's
       | quicker/more detailed modeling with less energy use.
       | 
       | But as far as quantum effects causing consciousness, how could we
       | possibly tell and what useful insights have we gained by making
       | this assumption?
        
       | wrp wrote:
       | For a popular survey of the relevant neurophysics, try _Stairway
       | to the Mind_ by Alwyn Scott (1995). He argues it is very unlikely
       | that quantum effects are relevant, and is skeptical of Penrose.
        
       | canjobear wrote:
       | If the brain can get any extra fitness from exploiting quantum
       | effects, it will. But the reason people are interested in this
       | stuff seems to be that they think there's a connection between
       | the quantum nature of the brain and consciousness. I don't see
       | how the argument is any more than this:
       | 
       | 1. Quantum effects seem mysterious.
       | 
       | 2. Consciousness seems mysterious.
       | 
       | 3. Therefore, quantum effects cause/are consciousness.
       | 
       | ...which seems pretty weak.
        
       | zone411 wrote:
       | Why is the link to this blog spam instead of to the paper or a
       | better article? Hossenfelder lacks qualifications in neuroscience
       | and is often confidently inaccurate.
        
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