[HN Gopher] Stock Options are like lottery tickets?
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       Stock Options are like lottery tickets?
        
       Author : hunterwalk
       Score  : 11 points
       Date   : 2024-05-11 16:47 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
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       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | Yes, from the employee's perspective in early-stage start-ups; no
       | the rest of the time.
       | 
       | For an early-stage start-up employee, a stock option is akin to a
       | lottery ticket in that its value is binary (lots or zero). For a
       | late-stage start-up, the distribution is less binary, so I'd
       | liken it to several rounds at an unbiased casino more than a
       | lottery ticket. For a public company or private company with
       | liquid stock, no. Those options are straight-up compensation with
       | a variable component.
       | 
       | Systemically, employee stock options are totally unlike lotteries
       | in that they're part of a positive-sum system.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Where do you delineate between early and late stage? Series A?
         | 
         | Edit: Thank you!
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Where do you delineate between early and late stage?
           | Series A?_
           | 
           | Conventionally, it's around Series C, though anyone who's
           | worth more than $1bn counts in my book.
           | 
           | For purposes of this discussion, the annual failure
           | probability for American businesses seems to drop below 5%
           | around the fourth year [1]. At that point, if your options
           | aren't underwater, it's fair to consider them to be less like
           | lottery tickets. (I couldn't find failure probabilities by VC
           | round or capital raised, so this is probably conservative
           | inasmuch as small businesses fail at a higher rate than
           | venture-backed companies.)
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bls.gov/bdm/us_age_naics_00_table7.txt
        
             | alephnerd wrote:
             | Also depends on the trajectory of the late stage startup -
             | especially with a number of the startups that raised during
             | COVID.
             | 
             | A lot of FOMO investors in that time period made some not-
             | so-great bets which lead to unrealistic valuations and then
             | firesales.
             | 
             | Wiz's $80M ARR but $9B valuation def takes the icing on the
             | cake.
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | As an employee, the options are generally worse than a lottery
         | ticket, because the terms of ownership % can be changed later
         | in closed board meetings, then you're screwed.
         | 
         | Very few success stories for early non-founder employees making
         | a big payday. You can do okay, but on average it's not better
         | than getting Meta RSUs or equivalent.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _options are generally worse than a lottery ticket, because
           | the terms of ownership % can be changed later in closed board
           | meetings, then you 're screwed_
           | 
           | This is demonstrably false given there is a market value for
           | common stock in private companies, even early ones, whereas
           | few people would pay face value for a secondhand lottery
           | ticket (even assuming zero risk of scam).
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | > You can do okay, but on average it's not better than
           | getting Meta RSUs or equivalent
           | 
           | Most people aren't getting hired by Meta, and compensation
           | packages at late stage companies will try to be competitive
           | with peers.
           | 
           | That said, late stage options might not always be a good bet.
           | You as an employee need to do due diligence and ensure
           | metrics work.
        
       | foobarkey wrote:
       | I think there is a sweet spot between risk and expected value,
       | ideally earlier before the IPO looks like an obvious next step.
       | Won't be retirement levels of money in one go but I would say it
       | is more like 80/20 (success/failure) in that case.
       | 
       | Gambling is only bad thing if the odds are not in your favor.
        
         | boshalfoshal wrote:
         | The thing is, at that point going to a larger public company
         | would probably net you similar returns and less of the headache
         | (immediately liquid compensation that you can invest into other
         | things, no tail risk of option value suddenly becoming 0,
         | likely better wlb, etc).
         | 
         | Once it an "obvious" choice to join a startup then the
         | valuation of the company is already close to fair, assuming you
         | have about the same edge as VCs do when evaluating these
         | companies. On IPO day it may jump up a bit from its last posted
         | private valuation, but keep in mind once the company IPOs
         | you're typically subjected to a 1-year lockup period, during
         | which the value of the company could change drastically.
        
       | tedunangst wrote:
       | More like tickets to the ring toss.
        
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