[HN Gopher] Interview with Marian Rejewski, the first person to ...
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       Interview with Marian Rejewski, the first person to crack Enigma
       (1974) [video]
        
       Author : chmaynard
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2024-05-03 11:23 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.flyingpenguin.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.flyingpenguin.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Anybody know the year of the interview?
        
         | rvnx wrote:
         | According to: https://web.archive.org/web/20070901043355/http:/
         | /ww2.tvp.pl...:
         | 
         | "The world learned the truth about the breaking of Enigma and
         | the role of Poles only in 1973", so the interview is after that
         | moment.
         | 
         | On 1973-09-23 he disclosed his identity to journalists:
         | https://marian-rejewski.pl/pol-wieku-temu-rejewski-ujawnil-s...
         | 
         | so the interview was very very likely filmed after 1973-09-23.
         | 
         | + this is supported by his physical appearance.
         | 
         | It could be around 1974 (near the peak of the public popularity
         | of the decryption of Enigma).
         | 
         | The video interview was published by TVP, so maybe in their
         | programmes of end of 1973 or 1974 there may be such info.
         | 
         | There is also a known interview in 1978:
         | https://www.globalspec.com/reference/62853/203279/a-conversa...
         | 
         | So most likely 1974 (or very close to that).
         | 
         | Possibly more info here: https://marian-
         | rejewski.pl/kalendarium-2/
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Ok thanks! let's go with 1974 and maybe someone else can
           | refine it.
        
       | ggaughan wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Rejewski
        
       | triyambakam wrote:
       | > For two decades he remained silent about his prewar and wartime
       | work so as to avoid the attention of Poland's Soviet-dominated
       | government [1]
       | 
       | Why would he want to hide that fact from the Soviets?
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Rejewski
        
         | mwbajor wrote:
         | Because they would assume he has American and British friends
         | that he still might talk to.
        
         | mbarti wrote:
         | Also because Poland was under Russian de facto occupation
         | 1945-1989 and the Russians mass murdered any possible threats
         | to their power (intellectuals, poets, professors, former army
         | officers - 100s of thousands sent to labour/ death camps in
         | Siberia, never to return).
        
           | 48864w6ui wrote:
           | Anyone know why the Russian Formalists got the sparkling
           | repressive power of the state? I had thought they were
           | expressly apolitical, but maybe Stalin was paranoid?
        
         | playingalong wrote:
         | Because people who fought one oppressor, might fight the next
         | one. Even if the oppressors were enemies at some point.
        
         | throwaway74354 wrote:
         | In the USSR, being unreliable (neblagonadiozhnyi, look into
         | Great Terror of the 30s history) and capable of some useful to
         | the regime skills could land you into
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharashka . Poland in the 40-50s
         | was slightly milder, but not by a lot. Ability to keep quiet is
         | a key survival skill in the authoritarian states.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyn_massacre
         | 
         | was recent memory, with Soviets mass murdering educated Poles,
         | among others.
        
       | mbarti wrote:
       | So the Polish intelligence selected 3 smartest mathematicians in
       | 1929 and assigned them to the task of understanding the German
       | encryptions. The team (Rejewski) had a breakthrough in 1932 and
       | managed to break the Enigma codes. By 1939 they've broken many
       | subsequent versions of the constantly upgraded ciphers.
       | 
       | In 1939 they gave the British: a working Enigma machine, the
       | broken encryption, a full description of how the encryption
       | works, how to use a machine to speed up the process (the "bomba"
       | appliance), and what automation is needed for the following
       | versions.
       | 
       | The British (Turing et al) then contributed a machine-based
       | automation which allowed to break the following upgrades to the
       | Enigma ciphers, which would be impractical to manual
       | calculations.
       | 
       | As a side note, the Polish codebreaking bureau started with a
       | breakthrough around 1917, when some smart soldiers managed to
       | break Bolshevik radio communication ciphers, which allowed Poland
       | to stop the Russian revolution's expansion by 1920 (the decisive
       | Battle of Warsaw).
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | There is a small memorial (to the Poles) at Bletchley Park. I
         | went there on purpose once to see it, and unfortunately I
         | didn't have time to go find it again when I was there earlier
         | this year, but it's a memorial so they won't have removed it.
         | 
         | The (recreation of the) machine for breaking wartime Enigma is
         | now in the Computer History museum, rather than the main
         | Bletchley Park museum (they're on the same site but open on
         | different days - check before travelling!), which is slightly
         | incongruous as it's just not a computer. The museum also has
         | several machines which are each arguably the first computer or
         | an early computer (it depends on what in your opinion
         | distinguishes a computer and how hard you're willing to squint
         | at your definition) including (again a reconstruction of)
         | Colossus, which was built for Bletchley to attack the _actual_
         | interesting cryptography of the war, Lorenz - not Engima and
         | W.I.T.C.H (the Harwell computer) but the choice to put the
         | reconstructed Bombe in that museum is a bit weird.
        
           | antman wrote:
           | Polish memorial was in Bletchley Park when I visited in 2019
           | under some trees:
           | 
           | https://maps.app.goo.gl/1Mot8nCCvS3e6r9SA?g_st=ic
        
           | cma wrote:
           | I think it can still be considered a computer, just not a
           | general purpose programmable computer right? I'd expect
           | adding machines and stuff to be in a computer history museum.
        
         | jonahx wrote:
         | Was the automation the more difficult of the two problems?
         | 
         | Why did the Polish mathematicians not undertake that step
         | themselves between 1932 and 1939?
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | AFAIK the Germans kept improving both the Enigma itself and
           | the procedures for using it. For example there was some
           | specific weakness that the Polish attacks used, but at some
           | point Germans figured it out and "patched" it. By the end of
           | the war they could change the "encryption key" even more
           | often than once a day, whereas before the war they could
           | reuse the same key for many months. The Poles didn't break
           | all Enigma setups till 1939 because one didn't have to it yet
           | to effectively collect intelligence. Also because they hadn't
           | existed yet :)
           | 
           | Enigma was actually pretty good, but it had a major design
           | flaw: insufficient diffusion. The YouTube channel
           | Computerphile made a good video on practical cryptanalysis of
           | the Enigma using modern hardware:
           | https://youtu.be/RzWB5jL5RX0. In short, if you know what
           | you're doing you can do ciphertext-only attacks given long
           | enough messages and minimal knowledge about the distribution
           | of the plaintext (their example relies only on the fact that
           | the plaintext is in English).
        
         | atmosx wrote:
         | It's unfortunate that in pop culture, Turing gets all the
         | credit. Even the fairly recent movie doesn't do the justice.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | _The Imitation Game_ doesn 't do justice to Turing himself,
           | either. Pretty dreadful all around.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | Pretty bold to write Turing as a socially inept autist
             | loner with a temper problem when there's zero historical
             | evidence for any part of that characterization, only
             | evidence suggesting the opposite.
        
             | hermitcrab wrote:
             | It is disgraceful that they used Turing's name in that
             | film, was was almost completely fiction. Everyone involved
             | in it should feel ashamed.
        
           | comeonbro wrote:
           | Don't even bring that movie into this discussion, it's a
           | historical atrocity.
        
         | avodonosov wrote:
         | Little more precize about Soviet cipher braking. It was a group
         | of mathematicians, not just smart soldiers.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War#Po...
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | >which the British rarely, if ever, gave proper credit to Poland
       | 
       | I'm not sure that is fair. The Polish mathematicians certainly
       | get credit at the Bletchley museum.
        
       | RachelF wrote:
       | Probably the best summary of the breaking of Enigma and Lorentz
       | is the 1977 BBC series "Most Secret War". Watch the "Still
       | secret" episode, it is on Youtube.
       | 
       | I've seen and read a lot of stories about it, this is by far the
       | best.
        
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