[HN Gopher] Georgia Tech, Meta create open dataset to advance so...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Georgia Tech, Meta create open dataset to advance solutions for
       carbon capture
        
       Author : ohjeez
       Score  : 161 points
       Date   : 2024-05-03 01:58 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.gatech.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.gatech.edu)
        
       | dweinus wrote:
       | Cool, but carbon capture from the air is at best a tiny fraction
       | of the solutions we need. Right now our time is better spent on
       | emissions reduction.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00953-x
        
         | malux85 wrote:
         | Both, in parallel, theres enough humans and resources to work
         | on both
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | I would generally agree with that statement. However in this
           | case I disagree.
           | 
           | Why? Because I think carbon capture sells the idea that with
           | the right technology we could just continue doing what we are
           | doing. It is the equivalent of an obese person stuffing food
           | in their mouth and telling you fat can always be surgically
           | removed. Yeah sure it can, to some degree, but you _do_ see
           | how that doesn 't fix the problem? Do you see how them saying
           | that might in fact be _worse_ than them saying nothing?
           | 
           | So in my mind carbon capture is something that we should work
           | on _if_ we are capable of the realization that the role it
           | will play in fixing the problem is utterly insignificant. If
           | you think it is the solution, carbon capture sells a false
           | hope and prolongs the struggle -- and at least where I am
           | from proponents of carbon capture are the people who
           | definitely don 't want to reduce their CO2 output.
           | 
           | Pointing at some future technology instead of doing something
           | now is actively harmful. And I am not sure the actual
           | positive effect of such technology would outweigh the
           | negative effect it has as an excuse to justify not doing what
           | is necessary now.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | > Because I think carbon capture sells the idea that with
             | the right technology we could just continue doing what we
             | are doing. It is the equivalent of an obese person stuffing
             | food in their mouth and telling you fat can always be
             | surgically removed. Yeah sure it can, to some degree, but
             | you do see how that doesn't fix the problem? Do you see how
             | them saying that might in fact be worse than them saying
             | nothing?
             | 
             | What you're overlooking is that _we will keep doing
             | whatever we're doing_ , for the same reason telling people
             | to diet and exercise isn't doing jack shit for the obesity
             | crisis. We need Ozempic for the climate. Because the only
             | alternative is 4C of warming.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | If that's the case maybe we as a species should die? Or
               | at least enough of the species that we change our
               | behaviour for good?
               | 
               | It's unfortunate that the ecosystem has to suffer.
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | "The future looks somewhat difficult, better give up and
               | go extinct"
               | 
               | Fortunately natural selection will remove this mindset
               | eventually.
               | 
               | It's unfortunate that the species has to suffer it in the
               | meantime.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | I never suggested that we should give up.
               | 
               | It may just be that this group of people isn't up to the
               | challenge and, like you said, natural selection is
               | necessary to produce a group that is up to the challenge.
               | 
               | Unfortunately that selection may come too late and much
               | of the ecosystem may suffer for it.
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | > maybe we as a species should die?
               | 
               | Sounds a lot like giving up to me.
               | 
               | Wishing for human extinction makes you an enemy of all
               | mankind btw
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | No no no,
               | 
               | I'm saying that objectively maybe we should all die.
               | 
               | From a subjective perspective I'm going to keep fighting
               | to the detriment of all the others around to the very
               | bitter end and take down as many of them as I can, just
               | like the real enemy of life that I am.
        
               | atoav wrote:
               | Yeah, that would be very soothing would it? But every
               | prediction by every scientist I read says that even if we
               | did wonders with that technology and it works way better
               | than expected and is way cheaper than expected it is too
               | little too late.
               | 
               | So either we change our way or we deive ourself into
               | climate extinction. Since profits and geostrategic
               | advantage seem to be more important than the survival of
               | the human race it will be the latter. And someone
               | somewhere in 2050 will start the alibi-CO2-capture
               | machine, that was built by a tiny fraction of the oil
               | money from this year.
               | 
               | If this comes across as cynical that might be, because it
               | is. Trusting on carbon capture technology despite the
               | presence of evidence1 that it won't do shit is something
               | we cannot afford. Don't get me wrong, we should still
               | research and fund it. But you don't want to be that
               | politician that wants to keep no speed limits on highways
               | "because future carbon capture technology will solve
               | this".
               | 
               | No, future carbon capture technology won't solve this, it
               | will solve a tiny fraction of this. Pretending that it
               | will do more creates false hope and a distorted
               | perception.
               | 
               | 1 see IPCC report: : "Even if realized at its full
               | potential, CCS will only account for about 2.4% of the
               | world's carbon mitigation by 2030"
        
             | brigadier132 wrote:
             | Here's the problem with analogies
             | 
             | > you do see how that doesn't fix the problem
             | 
             | It literally does fix the problem.
        
               | atoav wrote:
               | Analogies always require you to read them favourably or
               | they fall appart. According to the IPCC report carbon
               | capture at best would be able to reduce 2.4 percent of
               | the global emissions by 2030. So to stay with our
               | analogy, that would be like cutting the fat on a small
               | part of your body and taking that as an excuse to eat on.
               | 
               | Unless we talk unicorn-pie-in-the-sky-fantasy-technology
               | that can suck all carbon out off the air on the snip of a
               | finger, any technology has to be measured within the
               | bounds of its possibilities and not in fantasyland.
        
             | cactusfrog wrote:
             | Should carbon capture should be worked in secret because
             | mentioning it delivers false hope?
        
           | exyi wrote:
           | If we have enough resources dedicated to this problem, why
           | are we still burning coal/gas for power on sunny days? I'm
           | definitely not against researching carbon capture, but it
           | currently isn't the "the solution the planet desperately
           | needs"
        
             | icegreentea2 wrote:
             | The resources going into carbon capture aren't the same
             | resources going into renewable? The scale is also
             | completely different.
             | 
             | Bloomberg says global investment in carbon capture in 2022
             | was like $6.4 billion (https://about.bnef.com/blog/carbon-
             | capture-investment-hits-r...).
             | 
             | Bloomberg also says that global renewable investment in the
             | first 6 months of 2023 was $358 billion
             | (https://about.bnef.com/blog/renewable-energy-investment-
             | hits...)
             | 
             | Conversion of all carbon capture investment into more solar
             | or wind capacity would not significantly move the needle on
             | rate of renewable growth.
             | 
             | Effectively all carbon capture investment right now is
             | basically in the pilot phase. Governments are sinking money
             | into carbon capture for a broad range of reasons, including
             | cynical (as a smokescreen to protect fossil fuel
             | industries) to optimistic (we can start investing in the
             | next step of net-zero since renewable trajectories look
             | good) to being realistic hedges (they see the challenges in
             | achieving net zero in certain fields like aviation,
             | shipping, construction, and believe that carbon capture is
             | what is necessary to achieve net-zero).
        
           | lordswork wrote:
           | If we have fixed resources, how should they be allocated?
           | 
           | I'd argue for every million dollars towards reaching net zero
           | emissions, we should maybe spend 1 dollar towards carbon
           | capture, where we scale that investment up as we approach net
           | zero emissions.
        
         | enriquto wrote:
         | Carbon capture is obviously inconsequential; but it would seem
         | that even emissions reduction is a useless endeavor, wouldn't
         | it? All extracted carbon will be eventually burned. Burning it
         | sooner or later it's not such a big deal. What we need to do,
         | for a start, is to close the damn oil wells! Just stop
         | unearthing millions of years worth of captured carbon and
         | putting them back into the biosphere.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > All extracted carbon will be eventually burned.
           | 
           | Extraction operates on supply and demand. When people stop
           | demanding it, they'll stop digging it out of the ground.
           | 
           | There are two ways to achieve this: 1) You make burning it
           | more expensive (carbon tax). 2) You make alternatives to
           | burning it cheaper.
           | 
           | You can do both at once. In fact you want to, because the
           | first one gives the second one economies of scale and the
           | second one reduces the economic impact of the first one.
           | 
           | Preventing extraction is pointless because it has the same
           | effect as the first one except that instead of the money
           | being collected as a tax that could be refunded to the
           | population as a tax credit, it goes to the people who are
           | still doing the remaining extraction. We could, however, stop
           | _subsidizing_ extraction.
        
             | exyi wrote:
             | > Preventing extraction is pointless because it has the
             | same effect as the first one
             | 
             | Yes, but it might raise oil prices, effectively making the
             | carbon tax apply globally. Unless OPEC just compensates by
             | increasing production. IMHO carbon tax indeed better tool
             | for EU/US, given that most of oil production out of "our"
             | control
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | > might raise oil prices, effectively making the carbon
               | tax apply globally
               | 
               | that statement upon examination does not pass scrutiny
               | for weaslewords
        
             | sgu999 wrote:
             | > There are two ways to achieve this: 1) You make burning
             | it more expensive (carbon tax). 2) You make alternatives to
             | burning it cheaper.
             | 
             | A market that relies solely on prices as an incentive is
             | unlikely to be the right tool for what's at stake. What
             | would be the price of the natural habitat of the last wild
             | elephants? A billion dollars? Let's hope Elon doesn't feel
             | like building a gigafactory right there.
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | There's always going to be a market with prices whether
               | you like it or not. The only thing you can do is ensuring
               | that the prices reflect the amount of damage to the
               | environment.
        
               | sgu999 wrote:
               | You can have a market without relying solely on it,
               | that's what we do for many things already. Driving
               | everything through a market is quite a recent
               | development. So no, it's not "the only you can do".
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | I'm saying some form of market is inevitable, the best
               | you can do is try to control it.
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | His calculations are based off present day capabilities. The
         | point of R&D is to create new capabilities. Solar also used to
         | be a lot more expensive than it is today.
        
           | curtisf wrote:
           | No, it will _never_ be feasible to collect and transport any
           | meaningful amount of carbon out of the atmosphere.
           | 
           | We emit 35 billion tons of carbon dioxide every year.
           | 
           | That is more than 7x the amount of cement made each year (4.5
           | billion tons). More than 8x the amount of food that's made
           | each year (about 4 billion tons). About 17x the amount of
           | steel made each year (2 billion tons). About 60x the amount
           | of plastic made each year (about 0.5 billion tons).
           | 
           | But carbon is completely worthless. We can't build a
           | logistics pipeline dedicated solely to moving a worthless
           | substance that is larger than the rest of human logistics
           | combined.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | The only plausible result would be something along the
             | lines of a photosynthesis hack to produce synthetic wood at
             | a faster rate than natural processes, which would then have
             | a market value because you could make boxes and couches and
             | houses out of it.
             | 
             | But then you could also use it as a renewable fuel and we'd
             | be calling it biofuels instead of carbon capture.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | That's a very good point: commercializing the products of
               | CO2 capture. I wonder if bio-engineering photosynthesis
               | to speed it up is moderately feasible.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | >No, it will _never_ be feasible to collect and transport
             | any meaningful amount of carbon out of the atmosphere.
             | 
             | This is obviously utterly false, given how much CO2 has
             | been absorbed each year by current gen CO2 absorption
             | technology.
             | 
             | >But carbon is completely worthless.
             | 
             | Current Gen carbon absorbers turn CO2 into some of the most
             | useful materials on earth, like food, building materials
             | and raw materials for oils and plastics. _Much_ of the
             | current world logistics is already dedicated to
             | transporting their products.
        
             | sn9 wrote:
             | It's literally a business model to do so.
             | 
             | https://caseyhandmer.wordpress.com/2023/01/09/terraform-
             | indu...
        
           | oulipo wrote:
           | Perhaps, yet today we have certainties (we know how to remove
           | a big chunk of emissions by using politics, laws and
           | economical incentives), and "bets" (science might help us
           | remove carbon efficiently, or might not)
           | 
           | We need a balance between the two, as they are both important
           | 
           | But we shouldn't be "mere techno-optimists", we should also
           | get behind true political, social and economical solutions to
           | lowering our emissions, and fast
        
         | llm_trw wrote:
         | We have put enough CO2 in the atmosphere to melt the icecaps.
         | 
         | The only thing worth doing now is converting everything to
         | nuclear so we can scrub CO2 out of the atmosphere before
         | industrial society becomes impossible.
         | 
         | In short: even if we get the most fervent dreams of de-growth
         | and live like cavewomen starting tomorrow we've still got a
         | million years of global warming before we're back to pre-
         | industrial levels.
        
           | greenthrow wrote:
           | Nuclear is way too slow and carbon intensive. Solar and wind
           | with battery storage make way more sense from every rational
           | angle. They are cheaper, they are faster, they have less
           | embedded carbon, they have far less tosk, etc. Nuclear has
           | been getting hyped and pushed hard by big money interests but
           | the truth is its time has come and gone abd it no longer
           | makes any aense.
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | I've been hearing this for 20 years and I'll be hearing it
             | until we die from global warming. The only thing that wind
             | and solar have done is make the grid more unstable and make
             | a lot of money for speculators on the power market.
             | 
             | There is a reason why every country which has reduced
             | nuclear power has increased its green house gas emissions.
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | Getting rid of nuclear is stupid but so is adding new
               | nuclear. Firmed renewables with lithium ion batteries and
               | pumped hydro makes the most financial sense since the
               | 2020s, especially in the US which has less seasonal solar
               | resources than Europe.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | Again, I've been hearing that for 20 years and I'll be
               | hearing it for 40 years until global warming knocks the
               | internet off.
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | Sorry but you're stuck in the past and have failed to
               | update with new information. Pull up a graph of
               | renewables levelized cost of electricity, and lithium ion
               | grid scale storage cost per kWh, over the last 20 years,
               | and note change. Renewables are contributing massively
               | today, look at ERCOT or CAISO today. CAISO has about 15
               | GWh of storage deployed already and will deploy more
               | soon. It's not theoretical. And this contribution of
               | renewable to the grid will grow exponentially as costs
               | keep declining and funding keeps increasing. You were
               | absolutely correct 20 years ago where renewables used to
               | be more expensive and grid scale storage didn't exist,
               | but costs have changed.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | I'm sure I'll be getting told the same thing in 20 years.
               | 
               | But please, tell me why the laws of thermodynamics don't
               | apply to renewables.
        
               | hashmush wrote:
               | Because Earth is not an isolated system.
        
               | greenthrow wrote:
               | You are choosing to completely ignore reality. Many
               | entire countries are moving to entirely renewable. My
               | home and EVs are powered almost entirely by our home
               | solar and batteries, and I live in _Michigan._
               | 
               | We would be powered 100% by solar but our laws here allow
               | the utility to limit the size of our system.
        
               | padjo wrote:
               | I'd love to know how it's possible to supply peak demand
               | in the UK on a still day in January purely from
               | renewables and storage. Especially if you consider that
               | demand is also going to have to increase massively to
               | decarbonise heating, transport etc
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | Europe is more challenging than US due to lower average
               | solar irradiance per sqm combined with more seasonal
               | variability in solar availability. Probably overbuilding
               | wind in diversified locations since the correlation drops
               | off with the square of distance I believe. Denmark's grid
               | would be a template of what to expect. Transmissions with
               | neighbors would help a lot given the decorrelation.
        
               | chopin wrote:
               | AFAIK Denmark has the highest electricity prices in
               | Europe. I wouldn't take Denmark as template.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The short answer is trivially, but the longer answer is
               | renewables include hydro and biomass not just wind both
               | of which inherently provide long term storage. Having
               | excess solar or wind on Monday means you curtail biomass
               | and hydro for Tuesday. Excess power on Monday through
               | Friday and you have a great deal ready to ramp op over
               | the weekend. 0.01% edge cases don't need to have anything
               | special just as long as the general case is oversupply.
               | 
               | At the same time Solar is always going to produce some
               | power and the more excess generation you have to charge
               | batteries and curtail hydro etc the higher that minimum
               | worst case generation becomes.
               | 
               | Net result is you don't need to build some huge battery
               | bank to store energy from sunny days in the summer, you
               | just 'over build' cheap generation and eventually you
               | have no need for seasonal storage.
        
               | greenthrow wrote:
               | Solar still generates power on cold days. But also, wind
               | and hydro work great even on cold days. And of couse,
               | storage. C'mon. This is a solved issue. "Renewables don't
               | work because it's cold/dark/etc." has been answered for
               | decades.
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | > but so is adding new nuclear
               | 
               | Are you talking about the typical nuclear plant which is
               | often bespoke, or also considering modular reactor units
               | which have (finally!) seen recent development?
               | 
               | > lithium ion batteries... makes the most financial sense
               | 
               | Correct me if I'm wrong but li-ion is still cost
               | prohibitive for large scale energy storage on the grid.
               | Things like V2G etc can help but those are owned by the
               | drivers/consumers and not the state/electricity corps.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | This is the thing about nuclear: the promise of "cheap"
               | power has been made since the 1960s, but very rarely
               | delivered on, and it is not coming down yet, while
               | everyone can see the massive cost collapse for renewables
               | that has already happened and more reasonably project it
               | into the future.
               | 
               | Modular units are firmly in the "I'll believe it when I
               | see it, meanwhile keep the renewables building as fast as
               | possible" category.
               | 
               | (also, everyone has forgotten about proliferation. The
               | fighting around Zhaprozhia did remind a few people about
               | the security risks, though)
        
               | user_7832 wrote:
               | > This is the thing about nuclear: the promise of "cheap"
               | power has been made since the 1960s, but very rarely
               | delivered on, and it is not coming down yet, while
               | everyone can see the massive cost collapse for renewables
               | that has already happened and more reasonably project it
               | into the future.
               | 
               | Part of this is because of how absolutely f-ed up
               | research in fission has been over the decades.
               | 
               | There is this graph if you can find it showing how much
               | money was estimated to be spent on R&D, vs how much was
               | actually spent. Basically by the 1980s or 90s, if
               | investments were made, nuclear would've been _much_
               | cheaper today. There 's a bunch of things more, but it's
               | not that nuclear is inherently expensive more than the
               | fact that you need to spend money first to save it.
        
               | ViewTrick1002 wrote:
               | Storage is at the point in the S-curve where it goes from
               | nowhere to everywhere in just a couple of years.
               | 
               | https://reneweconomy.com.au/batteries-smash-more-records-
               | as-...
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Modular reactor units only cover the least expensive part
               | of nuclear power plants. They still need fuel enrichment,
               | cooling towers, turbines, complex plumbing, containment
               | buildings, huge workforces, security perimeters, spent
               | fuel pools, dry casks, etc.
               | 
               | People play on the words 'reactor' but modular reactors
               | themselves don't actually solve any pressing issues and
               | at least currently just cost more.
        
               | cableshaft wrote:
               | It's a pretty large world. I'm okay with some entities
               | putting time into making nuclear cheaper and more viable
               | and adding a few new plants to add to our general power
               | grid resilience. I think that could be worthwhile.
               | 
               | But yeah, the people who are trying to claim that nuclear
               | is the only viable renewable energy solution to climate
               | change haven't been paying attention to renewable energy
               | advances in the past 10-15 years, and/or have been
               | ignoring the massive budget and time overruns pretty much
               | all nuclear plants have had in the past couple of
               | decades, especially in developed nations that are trying
               | to make sure they're built in a safe way.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | In just 2023 China added 216 GW of solar capacity which
               | directly offset ~500 TWh of coal power per year and
               | absolutely dwarfing the rate not just China but the
               | entire world is bring Nuclear power plants online per
               | year.
               | 
               | Wind and solar have significantly reduced carbon
               | emissions across most western countries. Nuclear doesn't
               | scale well due to capacity factor falling with daily and
               | seasonal changes in demand. France sitting next to non
               | nuclear Germany can have lots of nuclear but that's
               | little different that some US states having more nuclear
               | while connected to other states with less. What matters
               | is the overall grid not arbitrary map locations.
               | 
               | Storing or curtailing wind/solar simply costs less than
               | nuclear at 50% capacity factor, so that's the only way to
               | make real progress.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | You've been hearing it for 50 years, and the project has
               | been going on that long with regular improvements in cost
               | and output.
               | 
               | Every country is different, but wind and solar have
               | scaled from practically nothing ("proving viability") 20
               | years ago to a majority of new installs 10 years ago to a
               | significant chunk of all generation now.
               | 
               | Wiping out already-built nuclear power is like junking
               | your car two months into a 96-month loan because you
               | don't like the gas bill. Just... why? Sunk costs have
               | generated nearly-free returns. You're still going to pay
               | those costs, in dollars and in CO2, whether you run a
               | nuclear reaction or not. The worst-plausible-case-
               | scenario meltdown has been substantially mitigated with
               | the extant designs, and some of the new designs that are
               | probably never getting built would be difficult to melt
               | down even if you attempted it.
               | 
               | Shutting down existing plants as Germany did is a very
               | different proposition than scaling up a nuclear buildout
               | in 2024. Renewables and various grid improvements are
               | just way cheaper and more justifiable in the short term,
               | and have none of the baggage attached, and have none of
               | the need for state support attached. It would take a
               | gargantuan effort right now to mass-produce reactors
               | cheaply enough that they could even begin to compete with
               | renewables.
        
           | verelo wrote:
           | Tell that to Alberta. Obsessed with rewriting this truth and
           | positioning efforts to reverse the damage that's been done in
           | the search of short term profits.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | Yep. Wind turbines are ugly and can't be built in scenic
             | areas... but I spent my childhood in the foothills there
             | canoe camping with my parents looking at clearcuts,
             | cutlines, oil and gas installations _everywhere_. And  "oil
             | wells in a farm field with the mountains in the background"
             | is a cliche photo/painting/emblem of Alberta since forever,
             | because y'know, somehow an oil well installation is "nice"
             | but a wind turbine is not.
             | 
             | Somehow natural gas flares and pulp mills are okay set
             | against a scenic mountain valley, but a wind turbine is a
             | blight.
             | 
             | These people are broken in the head.
             | 
             | (I live in Ontario these days, but right now in a hotel in
             | Jasper after a day of spring skiing... it's painful to come
             | back to this province sometimes.)
        
               | verelo wrote:
               | My neighbour is also from the foothills and lives in
               | Ontario now. One of my favourite people, something about
               | the foothills...
               | 
               | Yeah it's sad, and that's an amazing point you make. It's
               | funny when i hear people complain about carbon tax,
               | particularly from Alberta. You know what cuts the tax?
               | Remove the carbon from the price of a kWh. But no, let's
               | burn coal and gas and have one of the highest carbon per
               | kWh in the country and just complain instead.
               | 
               | Alberta: 778g / kWh BC: 38.1g MB: 25.7g ON: 49.9
               | 
               | SK is just as bad as Alberta, and the territories but
               | that's mostly because of where they source their energy
               | due to their remote location, not some political
               | decision.
               | 
               | https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-
               | change/services...
        
           | sgu999 wrote:
           | > The only thing worth doing now is
           | 
           | Even if we were to not use a single drop of oil tomorrow and
           | start putting nuclear powered fans to capture CO2 everywhere,
           | the biodiversity would still be collapsing. Climate change is
           | only a portion the problem of the destabilisation of our
           | environment as a whole.
           | 
           | When need to reduce our energy consumption and our footprint
           | on the environment. That means roughly less cars, smaller
           | homes, less concrete, less meat, less gadgets and the very
           | low-tech "more trees". "AI for Y" is just a distraction...
        
             | tticvs wrote:
             | However it is not possible to support the human population
             | without industrial society and its corresponding energy
             | use.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | " _It is not possible to support the Rome city population
               | without the empire and its corresponding technologies and
               | institutions._ "
               | 
               | Same argument, but perhaps you now imagine a slightly
               | different outcome.
               | 
               | The piece that "gives way" is (of course, as any
               | historian or anthropologist will attest) that the
               | population size...... _fluctuates_. Generally the process
               | isn 't too too fun for people who find themselves in
               | those populations.
        
             | RayVR wrote:
             | I can only assume you are living in a mud hut, with no
             | personal transportation, and you walked to a public library
             | to use their computer so you could make this comment.
             | 
             | Everyone wants to talk about reducing other people's
             | consumption.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | Can I ask you a question?
               | 
               | Out of all the countless times you've surely seen this
               | particular argument play out on the internet, have you
               | ever seen it go somewhere productive?
               | 
               | "Yet you participate in society, curious!" is not a
               | productive response to the suggestion "We should improve
               | society somewhat"
               | 
               | Either we do this voluntarily and as orderly as possible,
               | or it just happens for us. Your response seems to
               | indicate a complete unawareness of the impending
               | situation our species is going to be facing.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | It is fair to point out that people in the third world
               | that already live on "less cars, smaller homes, less
               | concrete, less meat, less gadgets and more trees" choose
               | to ramp up their consumption of those things as soon as
               | they can afford to. The Chinese for example probably have
               | more cars per capita than the US did when its GDP per
               | capita was what China's is now -- and mopeds and
               | motorcycles (and bicycles if my hours spent watching
               | Youtube videos of urban outdoor environments in China are
               | any indication) are _banned_ in the Tier 1 cities: to
               | travel on the roads, you have to have a car or ride a bus
               | -- and the privately-owned cars vastly outnumber the
               | buses just like in any US city.
               | 
               | And the Chinese eat many times more meat than they used
               | to.
               | 
               | It is fair to point those things out because it is
               | evidence that living on "less cars, smaller homes, less
               | concrete, less meat, less gadgets and more trees" really
               | sucks and that it is possible for us to overdo our
               | response to climate change and ocean acidification.
        
               | sgu999 wrote:
               | "less" doesn't mean "none", it's not hard to find plenty
               | of evidence of better living standards without car
               | dependency or smaller average houses compared to the US
               | for instance. Active mobility is good for your health, so
               | is a moderated consumption of meat. Lots of benefits to
               | organizing society better while respecting the finiteness
               | of all our resources.
               | 
               | It's always the same rhetoric with your kind, you pretend
               | to fight for the poor, when all you really want is
               | freedom to keep on grabbing as much as possible for
               | yourselves.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | Fairness doesn't matter.
               | 
               | What does matter is that we make our best effort to
               | mitigate the impending disaster to the human race and the
               | ecosystem.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | A modest proposal.
               | 
               | Instead trying to keep the third world poor why don't we
               | just nuke them?
               | 
               | This has the triple benefit of:
               | 
               | 1). Reducing the total population.
               | 
               | 2). Reducing CO2 production of the survivors.
               | 
               | 3). Starting a nuclear winter.
               | 
               | It's just unethical to do anything else when faced with
               | the impending disaster to the human race and the
               | ecosystem.
        
               | sgu999 wrote:
               | You'd be better off nuking the rich, they are the ones
               | who are actually producing the bulk of the CO2.
               | 
               | The debate on degrowth isn't whether a Somalian family
               | should have access to a decent home, healthcare,
               | clothing, enough food etc. The answer is a very obvious
               | yes.
               | 
               | The debate is whether a middle class American family
               | really should own 2 trucks, live in a 200sqm house and
               | eat that much meat. But you _always_ make it about the
               | poor.
        
               | tticvs wrote:
               | > Either we do this voluntarily and as orderly as
               | possible, or it just happens for us. Your response seems
               | to indicate a complete unawareness of the impending
               | situation our species is going to be facing.
               | 
               | I think it's a pretty natural reaction against the
               | relentless push of this false choice by people who cannot
               | imagine a third way that actually makes life better.
               | 
               | Your response seems to indicate a complete unawareness
               | that there are other options besides enforced poverty.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | >Either we do this voluntarily and as orderly as
               | possible, or it just happens for us. Your response seems
               | to indicate a complete unawareness of the impending
               | situation our species is going to be facing.
               | 
               | Or we use the fact we can still run an industrial society
               | to build CO2 scrubbers using nuclear energy to power
               | them, keeping our improving our living standards while
               | fixing our mistakes.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | Have you run the numbers on that?
               | 
               | It's quite likely to be a far better use of those
               | resources to invest them in tree planting initiatives if
               | your goal is to sequester carbon.
               | 
               | But if you want to satiate your techno-lust a
               | technological solution to some of our climate problems
               | may lie in the form of space based optical systems that
               | reduce the amount of sunlight from falling on glaciers
               | and the poles.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | Trees release carbon when they die.
               | 
               | The only solution is to green deserts, which you need
               | nuclear power for water desalination to do.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | > Trees release carbon when they die.
               | 
               | This simply opens a "hole" for new trees to grow up
               | around them. It's not that any one tree holds carbon
               | forever, it's that an acre of forest in dynamic
               | equilibrium holds a lot more stored carbon.
               | 
               | When people suggest planting trees, the process isn't
               | one-and-done. It's actually _re-afforestation_ , where
               | the land is permanently forested. Otherwise yes, if you
               | cut down all the trees and then also prevent anything
               | from growing back in its place, then of course you're
               | undoing future benefits.
               | 
               | There is also 'mild' re-afforestation, where you simply
               | increase the equilibrium amount of stored biomass in a
               | landscape. You can plant 20-40 trees per acre in
               | agricultural landscapes (this actually improves crop
               | yield if you choose the right species, search for
               | "farmer's trees"), or re-green suburbs that have lost
               | their vegetation cover over time.
               | 
               | These projects are less stark than _Atacama-desert-to-
               | Amazon-rainforest_ , so many folks will neglect the
               | possibility entirely and therefore conclude that "the
               | _only_ solution is to green _deserts_. " :-\
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | It's also probably related to cultural biases that view
               | deserts as useless, worthless, and most important
               | _uninhabitable_ spaces. However if you actually try to
               | green a desert, you 'll suddenly find lots of terribly
               | inconvenient "desert people" actually do live there, and
               | oppose you destroying their home and displacing them. See
               | the real reason behind building "The Line" in Saudi
               | Arabia.
        
         | globalnode wrote:
         | they wont give up on carbon capture fantasies because it means
         | they can keep making buckets of money on free hydrocarbons...
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | If the bathtub is overflowing you need to fix the broken tap
         | _and_ mop up the water that has already spilled.
         | 
         | Yes, if you are the only person in the house, prioritize the
         | tap, but if someone else is working the leak, grab a mop right
         | away!
        
           | Shrezzing wrote:
           | For the metaphor to reflect reality, the oil & gas industry
           | is walking around the house breaking more taps, while saying
           | that they'll get round to inventing a mop in the next few
           | years.
        
           | darby_eight wrote:
           | This metaphor would work a lot better if the tap were
           | overflowing with cash.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | > and mop up the water that has already spilled.
           | 
           | Not if the spilled water is running down the drain.
           | 
           | If we stopped our CO2 emissions and nothing else changed CO2
           | levels in the atmosphere would start falling immediately as
           | photosynthesis would capture carbon faster than natural
           | sources emit it.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | They're doing that, too. Everything Georgia Tech is working on
         | with respect to climate: https://climatesolutions.gatech.edu/
         | 
         | Go the tab for the subsection on transportation and you'll see
         | they're working on ways to reduce emissions, too. They also
         | provide the dashboard and tracker app for the Drawdown Georgia
         | initiative, which was co-drafted by Georgia Tech and aims to
         | eventually get to net zero emissions in the state.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | Strong disagreement!
         | 
         | Carbon capture is the _only_ way to get back to pre industrial
         | CO2 levels!
         | 
         | Even if/when we emit zero CO2, the elevated levels would remain
         | for many centuries!
        
           | lordswork wrote:
           | We need both, but reaching zero emissions is far more urgent
           | and cost effective (by many orders of magnitude) right now.
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | the problem with carbon capture is that carbon capture with a
           | grid that is over 10% fossil fuel is net negative. it's like
           | fixing a broken tap by pointing a firehoze at it.
        
           | darby_eight wrote:
           | What happens if we can't find a carbon capture method that
           | works efficiently and at scale? We need about a million
           | better plans than that to maintain any sense of sanity.
        
             | constantcrying wrote:
             | We already have carbon capture technology, which _is_
             | deployed at mass scale and transforms carbon into some of
             | the most useful resources on earth, like food, building
             | materials, raw materials for fuels and plastics and much,
             | much more. Given that this technology already is deployed
             | over enormous stretches of the earth and that it actively
             | benefits in its productivity from elevated levels of CO2
             | why not further that technology?
             | 
             | CO2 isn't some poison in the atmosphere, it needs to be
             | there. The one thing under control of humans is what
             | percentage of Carbon is in the atmosphere or bound in
             | different forms.
             | 
             | The problem isn't too much CO2 in the atmosphere, it is
             | that the amount of CO2 there can't be reabsorbed at a self
             | regulating rate.
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | Carbon capture is so dumb. Just do the effective things like
       | building out massive renewable energy generation like in China
       | and India, phase out coal and oil, improve/install heat pumps,
       | top down changes to phase out the use of plastic and reuse more
       | containers like milk, soda etc like we did in the past, make
       | nuclear plants, come up with cheap, safe lab grown meat etc.
        
         | yfw wrote:
         | Lab grown meats are a boondoggle and will never happen at
         | scale. https://josepheverettwil.substack.com/p/lab-meat-
         | is-18-trill...
        
           | jabl wrote:
           | Apparently the meat industry thinks otherwise, hence they're
           | trying to push their poodles to outlaw it. With some success
           | even: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68947766
        
             | benzible wrote:
             | See https://thecounter.org/lab-grown-cultivated-meat-cost-
             | at-sca... for a thorough exploration of why lab grown meat
             | will never happen...
             | 
             | > Humbird likened the process of researching the report to
             | encountering an impenetrable "Wall of No"--his term for the
             | barriers in thermodynamics, cell metabolism, bioreactor
             | design, ingredient costs, facility construction, and other
             | factors that will need to be overcome before cultivated
             | protein can be produced cheaply enough to displace
             | traditional meat.
             | 
             | > "And it's a fractal no," he told me. "You see the big no,
             | but every big no is made up of a hundred little nos."
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | I'm happy that they are wasting their money then.
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | It's growing cells, you can bet your ass it's going to happen
           | sooner or later. It's also definitely going to be cheaper
           | than raising a whole cow by a mile.
        
             | yfw wrote:
             | Bet. $100 if in 5 years you can get a lab grown steak in
             | the supermarket for cheaper than cow steak.
             | 
             | Growing tissues with vasculature is vastly different from
             | cell cultures
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | It doesn't necessarily need to have vasculature for a lot
               | of cases. Sausages, nuggets, bologna, any kind of
               | processed meat like product.
               | 
               | For steaks, the timeline is definitely longer than 5
               | years.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | Bet. $10,000 you won't be able to buy one for the same
               | cost as a regular stake.
               | 
               | I'm happy to put my real name and money in an escrow
               | account to the first person who wants to take the bet
               | against me.
        
               | coldpie wrote:
               | Five years is pretty aggressive, but I feel like 10-20 is
               | realistic. Just in time for those fusion plants to be
               | coming online ;)
               | 
               | > in the supermarket for cheaper than cow steak
               | 
               | OK, but only if we agree to include subsidies and
               | externalized costs in the price.
        
       | yfw wrote:
       | How many failed carbon capture projects do we need to make a
       | point?
       | 
       | https://ieefa.org/resources/carbon-capture-crux-lessons-lear...
        
       | blendo wrote:
       | "running quantum chemistry computations on the inputs provided by
       | the Georgia Tech team. These calculations used about 400 million
       | CPU hours"
       | 
       | Not sure bragging about high energy consumption helps their
       | argument as much as they think.
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | I'm happier to see these CPU-hours go to a boondoggle climate
         | project than to ChatGPT writing people's emails for them.
        
       | 0xDEADFED5 wrote:
       | comments on carbon capture are short-sighted, imo. this is a
       | method using SOA technology to accelerate research into metal-
       | organic frameworks. this is pretty cool science even if carbon
       | capture never turns out to be feasible.
        
         | cactusfrog wrote:
         | Yeah. One application that I've heard is retrofitting indoor
         | animal farms to capture methane and reduce methane emissions.
        
         | 11101010001100 wrote:
         | Cool. I see what you did there.
        
       | janalsncm wrote:
       | Really surprised to see so much cynicism about this. Discovering
       | a chemical which can facilitate the reversal of climate change is
       | vastly more useful than almost everything else those
       | supercomputers would've been used for.
        
         | sa-code wrote:
         | I would also like to add that adopting instead of having your
         | own baby is the most effective way to save the planet
        
           | pinkmuffinere wrote:
           | I've never even heard this mentioned as an environmental
           | choice. It strikes me as very strange that this would be the
           | _most effective_ choice we can make -- do you have some
           | sources?
        
             | photonthug wrote:
             | If you're receptive to any kind of argument about reducing
             | consumption, then how could you ignore an argument about
             | reducing consumers?
             | 
             | People that want others to do things like avoid plastic
             | straws but themselves have 2.5 unadopted kids per household
             | are obviously being somewhat hypocritical
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | It is clearly possible to operate at the level of zero
               | carbon emissions. People did it for thousands of years
               | before the industrial revolution and modern technology
               | runs just fine on renewable or nuclear energy.
               | 
               | Since the emissions per person can be zero, any level of
               | emissions reduction can be achieved with any number of
               | people, you just need more emissions reductions per
               | person when you have more people. "We should have both
               | more emissions reductions and more people" is thereby an
               | entirely consistent position.
               | 
               | More than that, emissions reductions generally require
               | R&D and have some economic cost, but an aging population
               | is economically weaker and has fewer resources to spare.
               | Meanwhile older people who aren't going to live much
               | longer and have no descendants have less incentive to
               | care about what happens in the future and spend those
               | scarce resources on things like emissions reductions.
               | People having more kids avoids that death spiral.
               | 
               | Also, I mean, who are we trying to save the world _for_?
        
               | agent008t wrote:
               | Can the whole supply chain of modern technology operate
               | with zero carbon emissions?
        
               | zekrioca wrote:
               | Not entirely, but a considerable portion can. However,
               | the modern supply chain has to be fully tracked down
               | first, to uncover exactly where most emissions are coming
               | from, and then focus on understanding how to decarbonise
               | those sectors as much as possible.
        
               | photonthug wrote:
               | It sounds like you're in favor of change via top down
               | regulations, so you're not arguing for bottom up
               | reduction of consumption. My point is, people who _do_
               | argue for reducing consumption _must_ consider the fact
               | that consumption hinges on consumers, so either they
               | should adopt or they have rejected their own premises
               | 
               | I personally take the view that policing individual
               | consumption is meaningless, but I still notice the
               | doublethink required for those that have that view to
               | rationalize their choices to _not_ adopt.
               | 
               | > who are we saving the world for?
               | 
               | The future, regardless of whether those people are
               | genetically derived from our selves. Having your own
               | children is often viewed as a selfless act, which is
               | weird, because if you do that when you could adopt an
               | orphan, and if we're being honest, then it's one of the
               | most selfish things you can do.
        
               | ryanjshaw wrote:
               | > My point is, people who do argue for reducing
               | consumption must consider the fact that consumption
               | hinges on consumers, so either they should adopt or they
               | have rejected their own premises
               | 
               | This argument is absurd and naive. Mass murder and your
               | suicide would also reduce consumers. Clearly there are
               | other factors to consider over and above the raw numbers,
               | many of which are cultural and subjective.
        
               | photonthug wrote:
               | Don't put words in my mouth. I'm pretty much in favor of
               | do no harm, which certainly excludes advocating or
               | enacting murder or suicide.
               | 
               | Do no harm also means, if you think consumption is
               | harmful then you do need to avoid opting into creating
               | maybe 50-100 Years of extra consumption per child just
               | for the satisfaction of knowing your genes will be doing
               | the consumption.
               | 
               | Are there ever acceptable cultural or subjective reasons
               | to excuse "rules for thee but not for me"?
        
               | leononame wrote:
               | Adopting is a multi-year, sometimes decade-long process
               | where you have to fill out lots of paperwork before
               | you're even considered. It's no wonder that it's not most
               | people's choice. That stuff can really grind you down
        
               | jabradoodle wrote:
               | Avoiding single use items that pollute the environment
               | for hundreds or thousands of years is rational whether
               | you want children or not.
               | 
               | Of course using a plastic straw isn't what got us into
               | this mess and small individual choices like that won't
               | save us.
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | Not really, it's probably going fully vegetarian and stopping
           | cattle farming but we all know we're not going to do that.
        
             | pawelmurias wrote:
             | Meat production takes like 15%. This would just reverse
             | global warming.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | By this logic, a far better thing to do for the environment
           | is to increase access to birth control and abortions.
           | 
           | Raising a child costs hundreds of thousands or millions.
           | Preventing an accidental pregnancy can cost under a dollar.
        
             | esalman wrote:
             | You probably need to study birth control in context of the
             | collapsing economies of countries like Japan, Korea and
             | China
        
               | kajecounterhack wrote:
               | Are you insinuating that accidental and unwanted
               | pregnancies would help their plight?
        
               | esalman wrote:
               | I'm saying that having less children is not necessarily
               | good for the environment.
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | Why?
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | How are those countries' collapsing economies harming the
               | environment?
               | 
               | Also why would I want to fix an economy using unwanted
               | children?
        
           | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
           | That kind of thing is often said, but it doesn't make much
           | sense to me.
           | 
           | Preserving the planet is valuable insofar as there are people
           | to enjoy it. Without people to experience it, it wouldn't
           | matter much. Without any sentient being to experience it, it
           | would matter (in my view) zero.
           | 
           | Thus, creating new people to experience it is necessary, if
           | preserving the planet is going to be worth it at all.
           | 
           | Of course, one can argue that there are too many people and
           | we need to make less, but I think there are lots of lifestyle
           | changes that need to be made before something so radical even
           | makes sense. I.e., don't think people should make less kids
           | so that the ones that do get made can live in a suburb and
           | drive a car everyday. That's getting the priorities totally
           | wrong.
        
             | mym1990 wrote:
             | There is something to be said for leaving things in a good
             | way without the expectation of anyone coming after you to
             | enjoy it. There is still some order to the world and the
             | universe without humans, to think that we are the center of
             | it all is certainly one kind of philosophy, but not the
             | only one.
        
           | tdb7893 wrote:
           | Realistically the lowest carbon emissions would be to just
           | die
        
           | monktastic1 wrote:
           | Why not nuking the whole planet, so that nobody is left? Or
           | maybe you want some people remaining to enjoy it, in which
           | case why not your progeny instead of others?
           | 
           | I find this whole line of thought fraught. Some assumption
           | somewhere went wrong.
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | One thing I worry about is that some chemical like this would
         | be mass deployed without serious vetting of safety and long
         | term effects. I agree it could be really useful. But it also
         | seems like we only regulate harmful chemicals decades later
         | once their true impact is obvious.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | Carbon capture is not for what people think it is. It is for
       | enhanced oil recovery.
       | 
       | Out of the 27 commercially operational CCS projects worldwide, 21
       | inject carbon dioxide into oil reservoirs to force out petroleum:
       | https://www.landclimate.org/what-is-happening-with-carbon-ca...
       | 
       | While renewables capture an inexhaustible source of energy (Sun),
       | fossil fuels rely on an inexhaustible source of money for them:
       | subsidies. Fossil fuel companies can't survive without the
       | hundreds of billions of subsidies every year[1]. They can capture
       | more subsides for 'carbon capture', using the captured carbon to
       | extract more oil.
       | 
       | Exxon bets carbon will be the new oil:
       | https://www.semafor.com/article/07/21/2023/exxon-carbon-denb...
       | 
       | [1]Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Reached $7 Trillion in 2022, an
       | All-Time High: https://e360.yale.edu/digest/fossil-fuel-
       | subsidies-2022
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | This is how carbon capture is being used currently. However, I
         | it's absolutely not the goal of legislation that funds carbon
         | capture research - research that was lobbied for by
         | environmental groups (not that big oil didn't lobby for it
         | too). It's also not the goal of people I know who are working
         | on carbon capture technology research. The goal is to reduce
         | global atmospheric carbon levels. The problem is that doing
         | that isn't technically or economically feasible at the moment.
         | 
         | If we could make carbon capture cheaper and more efficient (and
         | that's a big if - it may not be possible, which is why research
         | is needed), carbon could be permanently sequestered.
        
           | thelastgallon wrote:
           | A ton of {coal,petroleum,natural gas} emits {2.6,2.75,3.2}
           | tons of CO2. 8.5 billion tons of coal burnt every year. 4000
           | billion cubic meters of Natural gas/year (~3000 billion tons
           | - gemini), Global oil production is 4.5 billion metric
           | tons/year.
           | 
           | I don't see a reason to subsidize fossil fuels, release all
           | this carbon, and then subsidize fossil fuels companies even
           | more to capture something thats measured in parts per
           | million.
           | 
           | And all this to waste 67% to 75% of energy. See Rejected
           | energy: https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/sites/flowcharts/files/20
           | 23-10/U...
           | 
           | We'd be better off not burning fossil fuels, we have the
           | technology today. People are ok spending billions on carbon
           | capture. But are against subsidizing EVs, ICE cars emit 1 ton
           | of CO2 for every 2500 miles, every car emits 5 tons CO2/year.
           | For a lifetime of 20 years, thats 100 tons of CO2. Why not
           | fund EVs as carbon capture? Or is the only path forward to
           | give money to fossil fuel companies?
           | 
           | Twenty-seven DAC plants have been commissioned to date
           | worldwide, capturing almost 0.01 Mt CO2/year[1]. Thats the
           | equivalent of 2000 EVs.
           | 
           | [1]https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-
           | utilisation...
        
             | Gud wrote:
             | Electric Vehicles is a pretty broad subject. What
             | absolutely must be well developed is the public transport,
             | take Switzerland as an example.
             | 
             | Naturally, personal transports should be electrical, but
             | even more important is to get people on trains.
             | 
             | The numbers don't lie
        
               | thelastgallon wrote:
               | Switzerland has 600 vehicles/1000 people, US has 900.
               | Sure, its lower, but not significantly lower. US is 238
               | times larger and people live/commute farther. Public
               | transit is better, but it won't work everywhere because
               | of entrenched interests and strong resistance. It takes
               | decades to do minor infrastructure projects, it will take
               | centuries for US to have public transit that can work.
               | Whats even better is walking/biking with no need of
               | public transit infrastructure. While that hopefully,
               | eventually happens, it is much easier to stop buying new
               | gas cars. Nobody is saying sell your gas car rightaway
               | and buy EVs. There are people buying new gas cars today,
               | which will pollute and emit CO2 for the next 20 years.
               | Instead of buying a gas car, why not buy an EV? And if
               | you must have a gas car (which is understandable, it may
               | not work for your specific use case), buy a used car.
               | After all, whats the big difference between a 2023 ICE
               | car vs 2024.
        
         | cactusfrog wrote:
         | Gas separation has many applications.
         | 
         | If Google developed an AI model for cancer detection in MRI
         | scans, you wouldn't claim that "AI is not for what people think
         | it is for" because Google also uses AI models for advertising.
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | I'd love if things weren't so badly presented. Most of the
         | subsidies are "implicit" - i.e. a tax break (not a real
         | subsidy, just a funny money change) or a price cap (also not a
         | subsidy, I believe). Without that, the actual subsidies were
         | $1.5tn globally in 2022. I don't know how that's counted, but
         | clearly the main reason fossil fuels are available, and people
         | buy them despite high taxation on them, is that they're
         | incredibly useful, and not because there's evil subsidisation
         | of an otherwise-dying industry.
        
           | henry2023 wrote:
           | Tax breaks have a very real impact on the proliferation of
           | technology and deployment of capital. I agree they are useful
           | and the demand goes accordingly but why subsidize something
           | that we as civilization want to move away from?
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | They can have an impact, just as not punching someone in
             | the face can have a positive impact on them. I just
             | wouldn't call it a subsidy when you're not taking someone's
             | money.
        
               | henry2023 wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure you'd pay close to 85k for a 100k tax
               | break on your income tax.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I would, but I still wouldn't call a tax break a subsidy,
               | for the aforementioned reason.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Regulations / taxes have an impact. The proliferation of
               | SUVs has entire to do with regulation.
               | 
               | It's easier to meet emission standards for a "light
               | truck" (actual category of a SUV) so car manufacturers
               | are pumping out vehicles with a similar size / front
               | grill angle / etc so that the vehicle is under that
               | category. You might argue that people have a preference
               | for SUVs over Sedans but also note how similar all the
               | SUVs appear; the appearance is part of the light truck
               | designation so even if consumer preference drove a larger
               | car design, the regulation has driven its appearance.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | That said, I think an additional gas tax that rose
               | annually with the proceeds rebated on your tax return is
               | one of the easy + effective solutions I've heard about.
               | Doesn't apply repressively because at the end of the year
               | they get the higher costs rebated but at the time of sale
               | pushes people to buy non-petroleum alternatives as it's
               | cheaper. Probably easier to just rebated it equally
               | amoungst tax filers as opposed to a rebate and industrial
               | use is going to dwarf consumer use so you'll personally
               | still end out ahead.
        
           | Teever wrote:
           | What would $1.5tn PER YEAR subsidies in renewables look like?
           | 
           | What would $1.5tn PER YEAR subsidies in renewables and a
           | reduction of $1.5tn PER YEAR subisdies in O&G at the same
           | time look like?
           | 
           | Think of these subsidies like compound interest, $1.5
           | trillion here, $15 trillion there.... it starts to add up.
        
             | thelastgallon wrote:
             | To add to this excellent point, fossil fuels have enjoyed
             | subsidies for ~100 years. Imagine the cumulative total of
             | the money compounded!
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > Imagine the cumulative total of the money compounded!
               | 
               | I mean, this is a crazy line of thinking. Without fossil
               | fuels, what's considered valuable would still be "work
               | life balance is slightly less time manually working on
               | the farm" and "goods are the best stuff we can buy from
               | people crafting the stuff within a 3 mile radius" and
               | "education is what we can learn from the smartest person
               | in the village".
               | 
               | If you want now but without fossil fuels, you have to use
               | fossil fuels hard enough to invent the thing that
               | replaces them.
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | >clearly the main reason fossil fuels are available, and
           | people buy them despite high taxation on them, is that
           | they're incredibly useful, and not because there's evil
           | subsidisation
           | 
           | Laser-focusing down to only the "main" reason and ignoring
           | all else will (as expected) miss the forest for the trees.
           | 
           | Subsidies still do cause people to consume more fossil fuels
           | than they would otherwise, so the policy is encouraging
           | pollution (AKA health injuries and deaths that industry
           | shirks accountability for) rather than disincentivizing it.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Those are all capturing CO2 from the waste gas stream at
         | fossil-fueled power plants, so it's not really relevant to
         | direct air capture of CO2 from the atmosphere.
         | 
         | One big problem with using fossil fuel exhaust as the input
         | stream for productive chemistry is that there are lots of fuel
         | contaminants - sulfur, etc. - that poison further chemical
         | reactions on the CO2 stream, and stripping out the contaminants
         | is just too expensive. While atmospheric CO2 has a big
         | concentration step, it has the great benefit of not having that
         | issue.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | What is bad about injecting carbon dioxide into oil reservoirs?
         | Is it just that it is benefiting bad companies directly, and
         | _only_ helping the planet as a side effect? The use of
         | petroleum is not going away on the same timeline we need carbon
         | to be removed from the atmosphere. We 'll keep drilling for it
         | regardless of whether carbon is sequestered as a side effect...
         | so let's bury that carbon! I won't let my dislike of oil
         | companies stand in the way of supporting the advancement of the
         | technology.
        
         | tticvs wrote:
         | > While renewables capture an inexhaustible source of energy
         | (Sun)
         | 
         | Fortunately that solar panels require no resources to create,
         | require no maintenance, and take no subsidies to maintain as an
         | industry!
        
       | kfrzcode wrote:
       | It would be supremely excellent if these companies embraced the
       | Hedera Hashgraph as a truly sustainable, net-zero (or net-
       | negative) approach to their carbon capture tokenization efforts:
       | 
       | https://hedera.com/learning/sustainability
        
       | freddealmeida wrote:
       | Trees are great for carbon capture.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | They take up a lot of space at scale though.
        
           | salynchnew wrote:
           | Most tree planting efforts fail, as they ignore a lot of
           | implementation/maintenance details and result in lots of dead
           | trees.
           | 
           | Mass tree planting is like doing a massive, massive
           | migration. You can't just stick seedlings in the ground
           | arbitrarily and expect a stand of trees to sustain itself
           | 'cause "nature"... the successful processes like the Miyawaki
           | method require planning, community investment, sustained work
           | for ~5 years, etc.
           | 
           | https://daily.jstor.org/the-miyawaki-method-a-better-way-
           | to-...
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Planting is just the first step as I see it.
             | 
             | After the trees have grown, you need to harvest them and -
             | somehow - make sure they don't rot and return the CO2 to
             | the atmosphere.
             | 
             | Finding space for that is what I mean by "take up space at
             | scale".
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This is about developing metal-organic materials that absorb CO2
       | under one set of conditions and release it under a different set
       | of conditions. The whole goal here is to generate a stream of
       | 100% pure CO2 starting with ~400 ppm CO2 - meaning if you want 1
       | liter of pure CO2 at room temperature and pressure, you need to
       | process a minimum of 2500 liters of air - and likely quite a bit
       | more as you are not going to be 100% efficient.
       | 
       | Making this work is all about minimizing the energy (and thus
       | economic) cost of this first step. Then you need to reduce (add
       | hydrogen and remove oxygen) the CO2 and start building other
       | products - methanol, long-chain hydrocarbons, etc. (that's
       | shipping and jet/rocket fuel, respectively). But why stop there?
       | If you want long-term stable materials, converting the CO2 into
       | carbon fiber is a good option - more sci-fi is a diamond
       | endpoint, which takes a lot of energy, but has many uses.
       | 
       | This will have minimal effect on atmospheric CO2 unless fossil
       | fuel extraction and combustion is eliminated from the energy mix
       | - but it does point to how human civilization can do material and
       | fuel production without having to mine carbon from the earth or
       | cut down forests. In the long run, this is the only plausible
       | option.
        
       | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
       | In terms of CCS, we're probably better off reducing emissions AND
       | capping methane emissions (MethaneSAT just launched). IIRC, CCS
       | needs to be around 4% of the solution.
        
       | araes wrote:
       | No comment on the CO2 uses, just seems like something's going on
       | with Meta / FB lately. Who releases a framework/demo where you
       | click the "Download ODAC23 Data" [1] or "Try ODAC ML Models" [2]
       | links and get "404 - page not found"? Georgia Tech? They're
       | supposedly 3rd worldwide in Business Analytics. Releasing a press
       | release with 404's everywhere's not great "analytics".
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/Open-Catalyst-
       | Project/ocp/blob/main/DATAS...
       | 
       | [2] https://github.com/Open-Catalyst-
       | Project/ocp/blob/main/MODEL...
       | 
       | Did somebody even look at this stuff before writing their press
       | release? It's not like it's much link following to click "The
       | project, named OpenDAC" and then find out it's all a bunch of
       | dead links.
        
       | idrathernot wrote:
       | Let's just ban all manufacturing, commerce and transportation in
       | western countries while we all try to breathe less. That's the
       | only way win the war on carbon.
        
       | consumer451 wrote:
       | I find that it's usually folly to speak in absolutes, but in this
       | case I feel confident in stating:
       | 
       | The only carbon capture which will ever scale as well as we need
       | it to scale, is carbon capture which creates carbon-based
       | products cheaper than current fossil-fuel methods.
       | 
       | There is a company working on that, there should be a dozen.
       | 
       | Terraform Industries:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39922006
       | 
       | Interviews with CEO:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39923611
        
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