[HN Gopher] Karate physics: How your hand can break concrete wit...
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       Karate physics: How your hand can break concrete without breaking
       itself (2021)
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 57 points
       Date   : 2024-05-03 19:25 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (daily.jstor.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (daily.jstor.org)
        
       | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
       | Impulse control. ;)
       | 
       | Also, the videos "demonstrating" breaking multiple bricks or
       | boards are fake.
        
         | tiltowait wrote:
         | People absolutely can break multiple bricks or boards, without
         | fakery[0]. Or are you referring to specific videos?
         | 
         | [0] "Fakery" including scoring the wood. But multiple breaks
         | usually takes some setup, such as putting small spacers between
         | the pieces of whatever you're breaking. If you consider that
         | fakery, then ... I guess?
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | Scoring is absolutely fakery, and sometimes the boards are
           | cut 90% of the way through on the hidden side (evidenced by
           | clean breaks). So are spacers because "breaking X boards"
           | means stacking the boards directly on top of each other, not
           | using the leverage of displacement of breaking each one one
           | at a time.
        
             | khazhoux wrote:
             | > "breaking X boards" means stacking the boards directly on
             | top of each other
             | 
             | That's just your interpretation.
             | 
             | If a man breaks /n/ boards which were not pre-cut, then he
             | broke /n/ boards.
        
               | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
               | Ethics > lawyering. If they can't break x boards
               | unqualified, then they can't do it. If they can break x
               | boards specially arranged or modified, sure, but that's
               | called "cheating". It's a gimmick.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Let it be known that according to hi-v-rocknroll's
               | personal code of ethics, it is cheating to break x boards
               | if they are arranged in a specific fashion
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | That doesn't seem right.
               | 
               | Logically, the claim "I can break X boards" evaluates to
               | true if there exists some configuration of X boards which
               | that person can break. They aren't claiming "I can break
               | X boards for all possible configurations of those
               | boards".
               | 
               | No one can break even one board unqualified, because the
               | board could be 20 inches thick and made of lignum vitae.
               | Thus by your definition the phrase "can break a board"
               | becomes useless.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | i've definitely seen people breaking multiple boards by hand
           | and foot without spacers or scoring the wood, repeatedly, up
           | close, over years. i've done single-board break demos myself.
           | the one piece of 'fakery' they did use was that they broke
           | the wood parallel to its grain, not across the grain, and the
           | individual boards were only ever "one inch" thick (which
           | means less than one inch in the usa due to reasons), even if
           | there was a stack of eight of them
           | 
           | the force required to break a beam is proportional to the
           | square of its thickness, so breaking one two-inch board
           | requires the same force as a stack of four one-inch boards
        
             | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
             | Videos or it didn't happen.
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | You want to see people break multiple boards without
               | spacers? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MoZhFSakOf0
        
         | rabbits77 wrote:
         | While I am sure there are faked videos out there somewhere I
         | have personally performed multiple non-fake multi-board breaks
         | as have many other people. Generally there is one "trick"
         | though: pencils or small wooden dowels are used to space the
         | boards apart which makes the stack of boards weaker than if
         | they were stacked without spacing. I'd argue this is an
         | allowable aspect of showmanship in that five separated boards
         | is cooler looking than two or three stacked without spacing!
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | "Cooler" is bullshit fakery and cheating. Stack those boards
           | without spacers and try it again. Make a video of it showing
           | the top and bottom of each board as they are stacked onto
           | each other. Also use green grade A solid pine boards no more
           | than 2' / 61 cm long, and at least 5.5"/139 mm wide and
           | 1.5"/38 mm thick. ;@)
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Nobody is claiming they can do that though, so it's not
             | cheating.
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | This isn't taught or done as much anymore due to insurance claims
       | .
        
         | jackbravo wrote:
         | In the US :-p
        
         | MarcScott wrote:
         | Breaking in on my Tang Soo Do sylabus at every belt grading. We
         | do use plastic break boards rather than natural wood or
         | concrete though.
        
       | achow wrote:
       | Now it makes sense..
       | 
       |  _Human bone is five times stiffer than concrete and fifty times
       | harder to break_
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Caveat: the bones in the hand are really thin.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | My old kenpo sensei used to say punching someone in the face
           | is the last thing you want to do in a fight, since you're
           | likely to do more damage to your hand than to your opponent.
           | And most people don't know how to make a fist properly
           | anyway.
        
             | Terr_ wrote:
             | On the subject of "what to strike with", I'm reminded of a
             | Terry Pratchett book-quote:
             | 
             | > [The werewolf] gave him a ringing slap and that would
             | have ended it, except that it also pulled itself a little
             | further up the tree and brought itself within the range of
             | the Vimes Elbow.
             | 
             | > It justified the capital letter. It had triumphed in a
             | number of street fights. Vimes had learned early on in his
             | career that the graveyards were full of people who'd read
             | the Marquis of Fantailler. The whole idea of fighting was
             | to stop the other bloke hitting you as soon as possible. It
             | wasn't to earn marks. Vimes had often fought in
             | circumstances where being able to use the hands freely was
             | a luxury, but it was amazing how a well-placed elbow could
             | make a point, possibly assisted by a knee.
             | 
             | -- _The Fifth Elephant_ by Terry Pratchett
             | 
             | A footnote from an earlier reference explains that:
             | 
             | > * The Marquis of Fantailler got into many fights in his
             | youth, most of them as a result of being known as the
             | Marquis of Fantailler, and wrote a set of rules for what he
             | termed 'the noble art of fisticuffs', which mostly
             | consisted of a list of places where people weren't allowed
             | to hit him. Many people were impressed with his work and
             | later stood with noble chest out-thrust and fists balled in
             | a spirit of manly aggression against people who hadn't read
             | the Marquis's book but did know how to knock people
             | senseless with a chair.
        
             | Delk wrote:
             | The classic martial arts trivia (or possibly a teaching) is
             | that serious brain injuries became more common in boxing
             | after padded gloves started being used. Bare knuckle boxing
             | seems more brutal but it's said to have been safer in that
             | regard.
             | 
             | Using padded gloves allows for hitting the opponent much
             | harder without injury to the hand, so they make it possible
             | to hit with a lot more force. Serious brain injury is
             | caused by accelerational forces, and those are only
             | slightly reduced by the padding, but the padding gives
             | significant protection to the thin bones of the hand.
             | Without the protection the bones in the hand could break
             | when struck against the relatively hardy bones of the
             | skull.
             | 
             | Of course if you did happen to nicely hit the jaw, that's
             | one of the common target spots for a knockout. A hit on the
             | jaw causes a rotational force on the head which can more
             | easily lead to a knockout (as well as injury to the brain).
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | Stuff like that is why I laugh a little at cyberpunk "cyborg
         | metal arms" stuff.
         | 
         | Sure, it opens new possibilities for when you really need to
         | crush a brick in your hands... but often people don't realize
         | how impressively irreplaceable our _natural nanotechnology_ is
         | when it comes to delivering on a total package of features, ex:
         | 
         | 1. Supports a very large number of individual movements and
         | articulations
         | 
         | 2. Meets certain weight-restrictions (overall system must be
         | near-buoyant in water)
         | 
         | 3. Supports a wide variety of automatic self-repair techniques,
         | many of which can occur without ceasing operation
         | 
         | 4. Is entirely produced and usually maintained by unskilled
         | (unconscious?) labor from common raw materials
         | 
         | 5. Contains a comprehensive suite of sensors
         | 
         | 6. Not too brittle, flexes to store and release mechanical
         | energy from certain impacts
         | 
         | 7. Selectively reinforces itself when strain is detected
         | 
         | 8. Has areas for the storage of long-term energy reserves,
         | which double as an impact cushion
         | 
         | 9. Houses small fabricators to replenish some of its own
         | operating fluids
         | 
         | 10. Subsystems for thermal management (evaporative cooling,
         | automatic micro-activation)
        
       | mywittyname wrote:
       | I was a karate practitioner and instructor in my youth. Board
       | breaking is really, really easy. The key is the boards designed
       | for breaking are cut in their weakest orientation. Wood is
       | incredibly strong going with the fibers, even a pine board is
       | very hard to break long ways using a sledge hammer. However, if
       | it's cut on its short axis, it's incredibly easy to break. Most
       | people, even children don't need any guidance beyond, "punch
       | through the board" to be successful. Breaking boards is more
       | mental than physical. If a student is struggling or a novice, the
       | person holding the board can hold their hands a little wider to
       | make it easier to break.
       | 
       | Concrete is more difficult, but there's still a trick to it. The
       | blocks you use for breaking have a bit of flex to them, but are
       | also extremely brittle. So just getting it to flex just a small
       | amount will cause them to break in half. That's also why you
       | place spacers between stacks of bricks or wood. You're leveraging
       | the flex of the material to break it, and stacking them without
       | spacers makes too rigid to break.
       | 
       | In short, this stuff is 90% magic trick.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | What's funny is that the illustration at the start of the
         | article shows exactly the kind of plank you would not be able
         | to break this way.
        
         | MarcScott wrote:
         | Your board holders also have a significant input on your
         | success. If they hold the board, but let their arms flex, then
         | they absorb too much of the energy of the strike. They can make
         | it easier for you as well, by flexing the board inwards towards
         | them.
         | 
         | I've gone through boards with a one inch punch with barely any
         | effort, and also failed several times, and it has always been
         | down to the person or persons holding the board for me.
        
           | entropicdrifter wrote:
           | The only board breaks that are really impressive to me are
           | speed breaks, where the board is either held one-handed
           | (either by the person doing the break or an assistant) or is
           | mid-air when struck.
           | 
           | That at least takes a measure of skill.
        
         | sheepscreek wrote:
         | It sounds like 90% grit and 10% magic trick, but you were an
         | instructor so I'll take your word for it.
         | 
         | I still wish to believe that the creme de la creme, or the top
         | 0.1% of the karate world, can muster enough force to break
         | concrete regardless of any tricks.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | I didn't magic trick in a pejorative sense. Just pointing out
           | that there's a specific technique to being successful at it.
        
         | commakozzi wrote:
         | Thank you! I saw that article and i was like "wait, what?? are
         | they not aware that this is mostly a parlor trick???" I thought
         | everyone was aware... No science needed, it's a trick.
        
         | ijustwanttovote wrote:
         | Your hand might not break, but it still really painful.
         | Breaking a stack of 6 with a knife hand, my wrist would usually
         | be sore and bruised up the next day. It would take a week or so
         | for full mobility.
         | 
         | I still think most people in the world wouldn't be able to
         | break 2 pavers with no spacers. :)
        
         | Simon_ORourke wrote:
         | > The key is the boards designed for breaking are cut in their
         | weakest orientation.
         | 
         | So you're saying it's all for show, like some 10 kilo barbell
         | weights being ridiculously oversized just to soothe the ego?
        
           | black6 wrote:
           | The oversized weights are bumper plates for deadlifting and
           | snatching so that the bar is at a proper height when sitting
           | on the floor.
           | 
           | Ego develops at higher mass.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | It is called "martial arts" for a reason. A lot of it is
           | essentially dance and performance.
        
         | crtified wrote:
         | What's the trick behind the practitioners who break large
         | blocks of ice?
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Ice is very similar to concrete pavers; it's both rigid (i.e.
           | requires a lot of force to deflect), but brittle (i.e. takes
           | very little deflection to break).
        
             | crtified wrote:
             | Understandable.
             | 
             | Still, nothing will detract from the visceral wonder that I
             | could never forget after seeing, in person, an extremely
             | high ranked karateka (i.e. second in the world, in his
             | style) chop a seemingly solid block of ice over a foot
             | thick.
             | 
             | I suspect that, while there might be "a trick" behind these
             | things, extreme achievements in that field are still rare
             | and accomplished acts, as they are in any. The wonderment
             | need not be fully extinguished.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | Oh, it's absolutely hard, but like many things the
               | apparent difficulty and actual difficulty are only
               | loosely related, and good showmanship (perhaps a more
               | polite term for "trick") will involve maximizing the
               | apparent difficulty while keeping the actual difficulty
               | manageable.
               | 
               | You see similar things with e.g. juggling where
               | entertainers will do a lot of things that make it _look_
               | harder. This doesn 't mean that it's not difficult to
               | juggle 7 objects.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | Breaking a board with some techniques is easier than others.
         | The front-leg hook (also known as "whip" kick) I personally
         | found quite hard to break with, particularly when jumping. Two
         | boards, no spacer, palm strike was much easier for me.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | That's why laminates, with the layers running in different
         | directions, are so strong.
         | 
         | You won't see a piece of plywood being broken this way.
        
         | licebmi__at__ wrote:
         | >In short, this stuff is 90% magic trick.
         | 
         | I would say, kinda but not entirely. IME as a practitioner in
         | my youth, I would say that breaking the mental barrier to throw
         | a good punch is a thing that needs to be broken as part of the
         | martial arts training. Another thing that a good training gives
         | you and not many people understand is the preparation to
         | receive a punch, not cower in fear and still keep a sound mind
         | to try to recover and react.
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | I did martial arts for years and often helped out with the
       | classes as an adult. We used to buy the cheapest concrete
       | brick/paver we could get for breaking. Something similar to this:
       | 
       | https://www.homedepot.com/p/16-in-x-8-in-x-1-75-in-Pewter-Co...
       | 
       | There is a lot of variance in bricks. And honestly a lot of the
       | cheap ones would break if you dropped them, or loading and
       | loading them in the van...
       | 
       | Not to mention people would accuse us of baking them, or freezing
       | them, leaving them outside for months or years, all kinds of
       | stuff. But honestly we would buy a bunch of them from the home
       | improvement store on the way to the demo at the mall or a school.
       | You'd be surprised at how easily you can break one with the
       | simple tap of a claw hammer.
       | 
       | It's just physics. The longer the brick, the easier it will
       | break. Some demo rocks are much longer. The trick is to hit it
       | fast, use the smallest impact point you can, and follow through.
       | If you don't follow through you won't even be able to break a
       | pine board. Theres some kind of psychological thing prevent most
       | people from punching through a target, whether it's a brick,
       | punching bag, or a board.
       | 
       | Drywall, however, is an exception to this rule.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Drywall is a funny one; anyone "punching a hole" in it
         | carefully prepared where they will hit it so they don't hit a
         | 2x4.
         | 
         | Don't ever believe anyone claiming they "got so mad they
         | punched a hole in the wall"; they would not have punched a wall
         | if it was solid.
         | 
         | Notable exception is a friend of mine who punched a wall in a
         | rage and broke his hand, lol.
        
           | polygamous_bat wrote:
           | I assume selection bias is in play: for every post on the
           | internet there are many more who did break their hand and
           | ended up in ER, they were just too ashamed to talk about it.
        
           | drivers99 wrote:
           | I punched a wall while mad and put a hole in the drywall. I
           | didn't plan where I was going to hit it. I'm not proud I did
           | that though. Firstly, for losing my temper, which is not who
           | I strive to be. Secondly, it's obviously weak material. I'm
           | sure a lot of people have.
        
           | simonbw wrote:
           | Walls generally have studs that are 1.5" wide every 16", so
           | more than 90% of points on a wall are not in front of a stud.
           | You do need to punch a few inches away from the stud to
           | account for the width of your hand and to get enough leverage
           | to break the drywall, so maybe expand the width of the hand-
           | break-zone from 1.5" to 8", and you've got around a 50%
           | chance that punching a random spot on the wall avoids a stud.
           | 
           | Just felt like doing the math on that one.
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | I used to have a rage problem until about 5 years ago. I
           | broke a number of phones in the few years before that, so I
           | bought a rugged one. In my last ever bout of rage, I threw
           | the phone at the wall. I expected the phone to break, but
           | instead it made a hole in the wall. I spent ages researching
           | how to fix it and in the end ended up using quickfill and
           | painting over it several times. From that point onwards, I've
           | always preferred handstand pushups when I'm feeling agitated.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | One of my friends had the "brilliant" idea of playing
           | "drywall roulette." In a room about to be demoed, run
           | headfirst into somewhere near the center of the wall. First
           | person to hit a stud loses.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | > Don't ever believe anyone claiming they "got so mad they
           | punched a hole in the wall"...
           | 
           | Yeah that's not true man. You can get lucky and not hit a
           | 2x4, it's not like it's impossible to punch a hole in drywall
           | without advance prep.
        
       | zeristor wrote:
       | What?!
       | 
       | Ronald McNair, laser physicist and astronaut? Even more
       | impressive.
       | 
       | I did not expect his name to pop here, I need to read up on what
       | other amazing things he did.
       | 
       | https://greensboro.com/news/local/30-things-you-should-know-...
       | 
       | or here:
       | 
       | https://archive.is/5Oy2u
        
       | cuddlyogre wrote:
       | When I was in martial arts, breaking landscaping blocks with a
       | palm strike was not difficult at all, but did sting like a hard
       | high five. The trick is a stiff hand, but not so stiff as to be
       | inflexible, and hitting mostly with the meat of your hand.
       | 
       | A regular punch or knife hand is much more prone to injury
       | because of the more fragile bits being closer to the action.
        
       | gnicholas wrote:
       | Anyone have any suggestions for youtube videos on breaking
       | concrete? My kid has an upcoming TKD black belt test and the
       | master said she can do the concrete if she wants, but doesn't
       | have to (she's 10 and very small for her age). I've watched a few
       | youtube videos about this, but all of the demonstrators are grown
       | men, and the seem to jump and use their body weight as they're
       | coming down.
        
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       (page generated 2024-05-03 23:00 UTC)