[HN Gopher] New findings point to an Earth-like environment on a...
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       New findings point to an Earth-like environment on ancient Mars
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 226 points
       Date   : 2024-05-01 14:08 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (discover.lanl.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (discover.lanl.gov)
        
       | bsima wrote:
       | yay, likelihood that we are martians just went up a few basis
       | points
        
         | WillAdams wrote:
         | Well, that was H. Beam Piper's premise in his "Terro Human
         | Future" and "Paratime" stories --- see the wonderful novella
         | "Omnilingual" and see the story "Genesis":
         | 
         | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18105
        
           | 48864w6ui wrote:
           | Anyone remember the title of the short where they explore an
           | ancient martian city and find a periodic table that serves as
           | a Rosetta stone?
        
             | WillAdams wrote:
             | That's "Omnilingual"
             | 
             | See the nicely updated version at:
             | 
             | http://vrici.lojban.org/~cowan/omnilingual.html
        
               | 48864w6ui wrote:
               | Oops, sorry for the spoiler
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | Or, why aren't Martians from Earth.
         | 
         | As much as I like the idea conceptually for movies. That life
         | on Earth came from Mars still doesn't explain how life started
         | on Mars. It just moves the location, the mechanism is still
         | tbd.
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | Life arose on Earth _really fast_ after the surface stopped
           | being magma. Since Mars cooled down faster the idea is that
           | it could have spent 100 million of year developing bacteria
           | which were then seeded the Earth as soon as there was liquid
           | water there.
        
             | digging wrote:
             | While in general the argument may hold that life evolved
             | too fast, your numbers are off. 100 million years is just
             | about the minimum estimate for the emergence of life _on
             | Earth_. If Mars has a longer timeline it should be closer
             | to 1 billion years between solidification and emergence of
             | life.
        
               | Symmetry wrote:
               | You're right that my numbers are off. I'd bee thinking of
               | the end of the Late Heavy Bombardment 3.8e9 years go, but
               | there's some suggestive evidence there was liquid was on
               | Earth's surface 4.4e9 years ago. And the earliest
               | bacterial fossils are from 3.5e9 years ago, though
               | goodnesss knows how long it took bacteria to make
               | colonies that ended up making fossils to survive to the
               | present day.
        
           | tehlike wrote:
           | All this has happened before, and it will all happen again.
        
           | baja_blast wrote:
           | Yeah I never liked the panspermia as a solution to how life
           | started so quickly on Earth because it just kicks the can
           | down the road. But hey it has been speculated that DNA may be
           | almost 10 billion years old
           | https://phys.org/news/2013-04-law-life-began-earth.html. But
           | this is just a thought experiment, I am unsure if we know how
           | long it takes for DNA to double, nor do we know if the rate
           | would be constant over time. For example if proof reading
           | mechanisms evolved later thus slowing down the rate of
           | change. But it's fun to think about. Too bad Google search is
           | so useless I used to be able to go down these Rabbit holes
           | finding all sorts of information but now it's almost
           | impossible, Google just gives superficial AI answers these
           | days
        
             | 48864w6ui wrote:
             | Recall that no one could reconcile billion year ages for
             | the earth with it not having cooled far more - until the
             | discovery of radioactivity.
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | If we can demonstrate that life moved from Mars to Earth then
           | the most likely explanation for life on Mars is that it also
           | got there from somewhere else.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Going up a few basis points would be like increasing the odds
         | 1,000,000x.
         | 
         | I'm not opposed to the idea that life began on Mars, and, I
         | don't know, through some mass ejection a chunk of lifelike
         | stuff landed on earth and seeded it. But it seems like a much
         | harder path to take than to just form life on Earth from the
         | start.
        
           | Insanity wrote:
           | Asteroids as originators of life, that impacting both, would
           | be the more likely "root cause" of having life on both
           | planets
        
           | c22 wrote:
           | Even more interesting would be the discovery that life
           | developed on Mars _and_ on earth. And whether that happened
           | around the same time or at different times.
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > yay, likelihood that we are martians just went up a few basis
         | points
         | 
         | I bet there's some non-life explanation, probably having to do
         | with weird chemistry that happens on Mars over long periods,
         | but is not so significant on Earth.
         | 
         | The article says the Earth-chemistry that creates these
         | minerals involves the oxygen in the atmosphere, but it doesn't
         | seem plausible to me that Mars's atmosphere was ever
         | oxygenated. It took billions of years for the Earth's
         | atmosphere to become oxygenated, and it sounds like Mars lost
         | most of its atmosphere fairly quickly.
        
           | throwway120385 wrote:
           | Someone else brought up that superoxygenator salts form in
           | the upper layers of the soil due to the high UV radiation on
           | the surface. It's possible the oxidation here is due to those
           | superoxygenators but the original manganese is due to the
           | ancient lake. So basically manganese is embedded in the rock
           | while there's a lake, then the lake dries up as the
           | atmosphere disappears. And finally the UV gets strong enough
           | to create oxidizers in the soil which react with the
           | manganese.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | It seems very low likelihood that a life-bearing chunk of Mars
         | arrived and seeded life here.
         | 
         | What are the chances that some type of single-cell critter(s)
         | from Mars were robust enough to:
         | 
         | 1) Survive the trip here with the extreme cold of space, AND
         | 
         | 2) Survive the searing heat of entering earth's atmosphere, AND
         | 
         | 3) Survive conditions on earth, when they were adapted to the
         | martian environment
         | 
         | And that's all premised on a meteor strike on Mars ejecting
         | something with enough velocity to not only escape Martian
         | gravity, but then miraculously happen to score a direct hit on
         | earth (a miniscule angular target to hit).
         | 
         | This combination of low probabilities seems to result in an
         | explanation of lower probability than the alternative (life
         | originating on earth) that it's attempting to explain, and of
         | course life originating on an earth-like Mars in same time
         | frame it would have needed to develop here (or maybe also did
         | develop here) doesn't add much more than historical interest.
        
           | lagniappe wrote:
           | Curious why there is much less interest in the Pleiades,
           | which is made of all of our same material and is very likely
           | a "fork" of earth formed after the original mass that later
           | became earth and moon colliding with another body in early
           | history.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis
        
       | neverokay wrote:
       | Why don't we just drill into mars and look for fossils? Easy
       | peasy.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | Mars is big, fossils are small.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | There are areas on earth where fossils are abundantly
           | available at the surface. If there was macroscopic life on
           | Mars at some point, there's likely to be some rocky outcrops
           | with them.
           | 
           | Layered sedimentary rocks like the ones pictured in
           | https://www.kqed.org/science/24828/nasas-curiosity-rover-
           | fin... are probably good candiates.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | The trouble is that while common, we still had to explore
             | our whole planet pretty thoroughly to find them.
             | 
             | We just don't enough machines exploring Mars to do it right
             | now.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That's fair. I'd expect knowing where we're likely to
               | find them on Earth does at least help inform our few Mars
               | landers' choice of landing sites, though.
        
               | chatmasta wrote:
               | Would orbiting satellites with lidar sensors be able to
               | find suitable candidate sites for digging?
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | I don't remember where I read it, but somebody wrote that a
         | geologist with a hammer could do more science in an afternoon
         | than all our mars probes have done combined. Its hard to do
         | science with a rc car, even if said car is cutting edge.
        
           | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
           | That's true. Look at how many time SG-1 got into an issue
           | even with the MALP. That's with a much quicker wireless
           | connection too.
        
             | airstrike wrote:
             | Sounds like a great opportunity to rewatch one of my all
             | time favorite episodes, "Revisions" (s07e05)
        
           | prox wrote:
           | What if we send a humanoid drone next?
        
             | Filligree wrote:
             | Give it a sufficiently advanced AI, and that might work.
        
               | WilTimSon wrote:
               | Current AI isn't ready for that yet, though. What's
               | available to us couldn't even be effectively used for
               | research on Earth's out-of-reach places, much less on
               | Mars. In some years, however... That would be curious.
        
             | emporas wrote:
             | Is it possible to fly on such a thin atmosphere? Doubt it.
        
           | jwells89 wrote:
           | Humans can also take on new research objectives on the fly
           | while rovers/probes can only ever do what they were designed
           | to. The difference in flexibility, capability, and speed are
           | vast.
        
         | gilbetron wrote:
         | If you took at fairly smart person, give them a set of Earth
         | maps, and had them pick one spot where they could fake landing
         | a rover, and let them travel within a few hundred meters of
         | that spot and drill, like, 100 spots, I wonder what the odds of
         | them finding a fossil?
        
           | NegativeLatency wrote:
           | land on a travertine deposit
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | For half the history of life on Earth there were no
         | multicellular animals at all[1]. Given how quickly life on
         | Earth arrived I wouldn't be surprised if there were bacteria on
         | Mars. But given how long it took Earth life to develop
         | Eukaryotic cells I'd be surprised if Mars ever developed
         | something as sophisticated as an amoeba. Still, Bacteria do
         | leave fossils like stromatolites and some scientists even think
         | some Mars rock parts look sort of like bacteria fossils[2]. But
         | those are more ambiguous than little skeletons or shells.
         | 
         | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth
         | 
         | [2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001#:~:text=In%2
         | ....
        
           | neverokay wrote:
           | That's the part that still boggles my mind. How could there
           | not be some kinda micro bacteria on all these planets.
        
             | meindnoch wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobacterium
        
         | baja_blast wrote:
         | Given how long it took for Earth to develop multicellular life,
         | Mars was probably pretty dead before it could take off(although
         | it's very likely microbes still exist on Mars). But who knows,
         | maybe Earth was late to the multicellular party, but I doubt
         | it. If Mars did somehow evolve to multicellular life before
         | Earth it's very likely that the multicellular would have been
         | seeded to Earth via asteroids with something akin to a martian
         | tardigrade
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | Why don't we just teach kids music by having them buy a cheap
         | $3 plastic recorder and simply glue a mic to it that connects
         | to a 13-minute-and-48-second delay line which feeds into to an
         | expensive pair of noise-cancelling headphones that they wear
         | during all practice sessions?
         | 
         | Easy peasy. :)
        
           | neverokay wrote:
           | If it's the only option at the moment, sure let's do it.
           | 
           | Beethoven's ear trumpet.
        
         | fallat wrote:
         | We need a hero.
        
         | mseepgood wrote:
         | Isn't that what Perseverance does?
        
         | aixpert wrote:
         | OR could 20m deep drilled core samples recovery remnants of RNA
         | based live??
        
       | forgingahead wrote:
       | *Barsoom
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Maybe we are about to discover that we came to Earth after
       | messing up Mars.
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | You jest, but I seriously believe we are likely martians. Early
         | panspermia from Mars settles a LOT of astrobiological questions
         | about origin of life and LUCA complexity.
         | 
         | To be clear, Mars' descent into inhospitality was totally
         | natural and the result of a smaller planet with stripped
         | atmosphere just outside the habitable zone as the Sun cooled. I
         | doubt Martian life developed to be multicellular. But I bet
         | when we go we'll find fossils of algae colonies and
         | cyanobacteria, and maybe even some living remnants underground.
        
           | NegativeLatency wrote:
           | But then how did life get on mars?
        
             | alex_young wrote:
             | Blew in from Europa
        
             | bena wrote:
             | Exactly, panspermia isn't an answer, it's kicking the can
             | down the road.
             | 
             | The only thing panspermia can tell us is that it's ok if we
             | can't find evidence for the genesis of life on Earth.
        
               | wddkcs wrote:
               | All science is the process of kicking the can further
               | down the road.
        
               | b800h wrote:
               | Excellent comment. Kalam cosmological argument.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Which is an important advance because genesis of life on
               | Earth is getting harder and harder to answer as we gather
               | more evidence. Pushing it to another environment (and
               | longer time frame) does in fact solve a number of
               | problems.
        
               | 48864w6ui wrote:
               | What evidence? Do we no longer figure ~4by bp?
        
               | bena wrote:
               | I'd say it just ignores any problems.
               | 
               | However, haven't we roughly recreated the process in a
               | lab in the last couple of decades?
               | 
               | And we may never have _the_ answer because we simply can
               | 't know because no one was there because nothing was
               | there. But there's a plausible enough explanation that we
               | don't need to invoke the extraterrestrial and all of
               | _its_ problems.
               | 
               | And I think that's part of the appeal of panspermia, it
               | makes life extraterrestrial. And if it is
               | extraterrestrial in origin, then it could have happened
               | elsewhere. Whereas if the genesis of life is contained to
               | Earth, then the chances go down that it happened
               | somewhere else.
        
             | Insanity wrote:
             | I get your point, but the idea that life originates on
             | Asteroids and populates planets on impact is, imo, likely.
             | It does shift the question to "how did it start there" :)
        
               | fullstackchris wrote:
               | do asteroids even have all the elements / compounds
               | necessary to support the building blocks of life?
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Yes. In fact some have surprisingly complex organic
               | chemistry--amino acids and everything.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Apparently, yes.
               | 
               | But they don't have nearly as many opportunities to react
               | as in a hot planet with an atmosphere. So pushing that
               | life started there instead of only recognizing it's a
               | very unlikely (but still possible) possibility isn't
               | sustained by evidence.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | They have the chemical elements, but they do not have a
               | source of energy that could create life.
               | 
               | For the appearance of life, a planet with a hot interior
               | and volcanism is necessary, so that minerals that are
               | stable only at high temperatures in the interior are
               | ejected to the surface, where after cooling down they are
               | no longer in chemical equilibrium, providing the energy
               | necessary to drive the synthesis of organic
               | macromolecules (by producing through chemical reactions
               | with water reduced compounds like dihydrogen and carbon
               | monoxide, which can reduce the abundant carbon dioxide
               | and dinitrogen to eventually generate amino-acids).
               | 
               | The solar energy cannot play any role in the appearance
               | of life, because harvesting it requires systems that are
               | much more complex than those that appear naturally in the
               | inorganic minerals and fluids.
               | 
               | While the Earth had certainly all the preconditions for
               | the appearance of life right here, it is likely that Mars
               | also had them in the beginning.
               | 
               | What another poster has said is plausible, i.e. the only
               | reason for supposing that life could have been brought on
               | Earth from another place is that life has appeared rather
               | quickly on Earth, even if this is an event with a much
               | lower probability than all the other events that have
               | occurred after that during the evolution towards more
               | complex forms of life, which have required billions of
               | years to happen.
               | 
               | If life has been transferred to Earth from elsewhere,
               | Mars is the only plausible source, because it had the
               | conditions necessary to generate life long enough before
               | Earth and because fragments from Mars have been
               | frequently transported to Earth, where they fall as
               | meteorites, after being ejected from Mars by impacts that
               | happened there, which is easier than from other planets
               | due to the lower gravity.
               | 
               | Despite the fact that it is not impossible, I doubt that
               | life has been brought from Mars, but it is indeed
               | puzzling that life seems to have appeared very quickly on
               | Earth.
               | 
               | There are also facts that are hard to explain by the
               | hypothesis of transfer from Mars. If that happened, than
               | the forms of life that have been transferred must have
               | consisted of at least one kind of autotrophic "bacteria"
               | and at least several distinct kinds of viruses, to
               | explain all the existing living beings as their
               | descendants.
               | 
               | There is considerable evidence for the fact that the
               | current genetic code of the nucleic acids is the product
               | of a long evolution process. In the beginning there must
               | have been a simpler code where many more combinations
               | were equivalent and which encoded no more than 10 amino-
               | acids, perhaps only 6 or even only 4 in its original
               | variant. So very ancient "bacteria" may have
               | superficially looked like modern bacteria but they must
               | have had a quite different metabolism. In the hypothesis
               | where life has moved between planets, there would be an
               | open problem of when had the transfer happened during
               | this early evolution of the genetic system.
               | 
               | On Earth there has remained no survivor with a much
               | simpler genetic code (though there are a few examples of
               | only slightly simpler genetic codes than the canonic
               | variant). Perhaps the earlier living beings were
               | completely uncompetitive with the modern ones, so they
               | have been eaten or they have starved to death. In the
               | case of a transfer from Mars, it would also exist the
               | possibility that only living beings with a complex
               | genetic code had survived through a transfer and the
               | others had remained on Mars.
        
               | 48864w6ui wrote:
               | After going back through all the elephants, life started
               | with Great A'Tuin.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | It's turtles all the way down . . .
        
             | adastra22 wrote:
             | Mars had 3/4 billion more years to develop, compared with
             | the Earth. Mars formed first, and cooled first due to its
             | smaller size.
             | 
             | One of the outstanding problems in astrobiology I mention
             | is that the Earth was inhospitable until 3.8Gya, and the
             | oldest fossils of presumably DNA based life (since it
             | matches existing life we can study) was 3.7Gya. Mars was
             | hospitable ~4.5Gya. So either life emerged IMMEDIATELY on
             | Earth and did a complexity speed run before slowing down
             | and remaining stagnant for the next billion years or so, or
             | it emerged on Mars first and Earth was seeded once it was
             | cool enough.
        
               | jerpint wrote:
               | How does earth get seeded?
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Look up ALH-84001. The debate about whether the
               | structures inside this Martian meteorite are fossils is
               | too long for a HN post. But in analyzing the rock it was
               | shown that the during the entire trip from when it was
               | blasted out of Mars to when it fell in Antarctica would
               | have been survivable for rock boring microbes. Not just
               | theoretically, but hard evidence. There are structures
               | that would have been destroyed if the rock was heated
               | enough to sterilize, but they survived the trip. Hundreds
               | of tons of rock like this from Mars land every year.
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | Related talk: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ekJQUS7WP78&t
               | =57s&pp=ygUPS2lyc...
        
               | iamthirsty wrote:
               | > Hundreds of tons of rock like this from Mars land every
               | year.
               | 
               | 277 _total_ Martian meteorites -- with the largest
               | weighing 14.5 kg -- is not hundreds of tons yearly.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | That's how many have been conclusively classified as
               | Martian out of "the 72,000 meteorites [total] that have
               | been classified".
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_meteorite)
               | 
               | That's obviously not the actual total that have ever made
               | it here.
               | 
               | https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/meteors-
               | meteorites/fac...
               | 
               | > Scientists estimate that about 48.5 tons (44,000
               | kilograms) of meteoritic material falls on Earth each
               | day.
               | 
               | That has been going on for _billions_ of years. If the
               | 277 /72,000 proportion holds that's a _lot_ of material.
        
               | iamthirsty wrote:
               | While I recognize your logic, and even mostly agree, the
               | point still stands that it cannot be conclusively and
               | definitively said (as least as far as we've been
               | alive/can tell) that _hundreds of tons_ of Martian
               | meteorites fall to Earth _every year_. Or even _tons_ at
               | all.
               | 
               | Tons of meteorites in general, sure -- but not from Mars.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | It is likely given these numbers at least some _tons_ of
               | Martian rock land here annually, which makes the seeding
               | of life concept feasible. I 'm on board with "not
               | _hundreds_ of tons ", but it's a lot closer estimate than
               | 277 _ever_.
               | 
               | (48.5 * 365) * (277 / 72,000) = 68 tons per year as an
               | _extremely_ speculative estimate here, ignoring entirely
               | probable variances in what hits us (much of which is
               | sand-grain sized) versus what we identify... and again,
               | any estimate here we have to multiply by a few _billion_
               | years.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | If there were extra-terrestrial intervention, it would
               | only have needed to be a one-time event.
               | 
               | And it wouldn't be technologically hard to do it such
               | that no trace remains over those timescales.
               | 
               | So, yes, that's "crazy". On the other hand, it's
               | unfalsifiable in the absence of other theories.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | There are much saner theories for panspermia.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Like? You're coming across as very dismissive for no
               | reason.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | There are meteorites on Earth which very likely
               | originated from Mars. They're believed to have been
               | launched into space by an impact, eventually finding
               | their way onto Earth. If we're looking for the most
               | realistic options for panspermia to have occurred, they'd
               | be due to a natural event of this sort.
        
               | ethbr1 wrote:
               | I'm not arguing against that.
               | 
               | I'm just saying unfalsifiability is a bitch, and it's
               | hard to find hard evidence on geologic timescales.
        
               | williamcotton wrote:
               | The burden of proof is on the person making the claim. It
               | is not on someone else to disprove such a claim.
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | Volcanic eruptions throwing rocks into space. A large
               | impact throwing a huge number of rocks into space.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Your numbers give Mars an extra ~800 million years.
               | Nothing even close to 3/4 billion.
               | 
               | Besides, deciding what was inhospitable for early life is
               | an exercise of noisy assumptions. I'd bet the error
               | margin is larger than that difference.
        
               | Shatnerz wrote:
               | 3/4 billion = 750 million, no?
        
               | caseyy wrote:
               | Long billion vs short billion?
        
               | williamcotton wrote:
               | Didn't the "long billion", aka a trillion, stop being
               | used sometime in the early 20th century on British
               | English, if not earlier?
        
               | b800h wrote:
               | Some of our books in UK school in the 1980s listed 10^12
               | as a billion. That doesn't mean it wasn't officially
               | changed in the early C20th though.
        
               | Teever wrote:
               | ?????????
               | 
               | 800 million is greater than 3/4 billion?
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Maybe he misread it as 3-4 billion?
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | I misread it that way too. Fractions aren't commonly used
               | for things like millions, billions, etc.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | 3/4, as in the fraction 3 out of 4, 75%, not 3-4
        
               | dwaltrip wrote:
               | To be fair, 3/4 billion is an unusual way to write that.
               | Much more common is 750 million, or even 0.75 billion.
        
               | xattt wrote:
               | At this point, given how much Mars had been roved, why
               | hasn't some fossil record been discovered yet?
               | 
               | At the very least, I would expect something akin to chalk
               | left behind by proto-diatoms that had calcium carbonate
               | skeletons.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | How would we know? It's not like like we have a geologist
               | over there with a rock hammer breaking open rocks to look
               | for fossils.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | Yet.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | I think it's actually pretty darn stupid that we aren't
               | running one way missions.
        
               | gehwartzen wrote:
               | I think there have been less than 100 drill holes by
               | curiosity and perseverance the deepest being ~3" and none
               | of those samples have returned to earth. Not sure how
               | deep any potential fossil layers might be but that
               | doesn't sound like a lot.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | There's been less than 150 miles of Mars roamed by mostly
               | small rovers that often could barely do more than take
               | pictures and do some basic soil chemical analysis. Do you
               | expect to see obvious dinosaur remains with an RC car
               | with a small shovel driving around in Kansas for 100
               | miles, especially if you don't even know what a dino even
               | looks like?
        
               | nonethewiser wrote:
               | > At this point, given how much Mars had been roved
               | 
               | I mean maybe its a lot compared to 20 years ago but in
               | absolute terms? It's practically nothing, isnt it?
        
               | somenameforme wrote:
               | Other posts answered, but only if you already know the
               | answer. The rovers we've used on Mars have done an
               | _extremely_ superficial job of scouring the planet. The
               | most recent rover Perseverance has, to my knowledge, the
               | most capable drill with a max depth of 2.4 inches. [1]
               | And the drill is used extremely sparingly because it
               | tends to break quickly, as it did on Curiosity. And of
               | course it can only drill, not excavate /cleave. The first
               | humans on Mars will likely provide more information in a
               | week than decades of probes and rovers have.
               | 
               | [1] - https://attheu.utah.edu/facultystaff/qa-
               | perseverance-rovers-...
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | They don't carry petrographic microscopes, nor dig deep
               | boreholes.
        
               | dyauspitr wrote:
               | Drilling a couple of inches into the surface a handful of
               | times isn't going to find any fossils.
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | > Earth was inhospitable until 3.8Gya
               | 
               | There is much uncertainty about this. The early Earth was
               | a volatile place with a lot of raw materials and energy
               | available, and a lot of chemistry happening. I wouldn't
               | rule out that _some_ part of Earth may have had the right
               | conditions for life right from the beginning. Certainly
               | if we expect life to be able to survive a ride on a piece
               | of ejecta from Mars, it 's plausible to imagine it
               | surviving in some boundary niche amidst the heat and fury
               | of the Hadean Earth.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _wouldn 't rule out that some part of Earth may have
               | had the right conditions for life right from the
               | beginning_
               | 
               | Even if it was, it wouldn't have survived the impact that
               | created the Moon.
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | Bear in mind that hypothesized impact is estimated to
               | have occurred around the 4.5Gya mark. That's still a lot
               | further back than 3.8Gya. And I still wouldn't
               | categorically rule out microscopic life/life-precursors
               | surviving the event somehow.
        
               | paxys wrote:
               | That still doesn't answer the question. How did life
               | start on Mars?
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | That's a different question though, and you're right that
               | this wouldn't be answered in the scope of this
               | discussion.
        
               | Intralexical wrote:
               | The longer time period would be partially offset by Mars
               | having over three times lower surface area than Earth,
               | though.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Complexity speed run to stagnation isn't suspect at all,
               | thats exactly what you'd expect when there is suddenly a
               | new environment to exploit for life. Mutations are always
               | happening. At some point a subpopulation will emerge that
               | has a lucky few mutations that grant it an edge relative
               | to others in fitness, then it will dominate the
               | environment until the factors that confer success either
               | change, or these mutants fall short of a more fit upstart
               | mutant population. Its something you see play out even
               | today, when an invasive species is introduced to a new
               | environment where its traits serve it well, and quickly
               | outcompetes native species.
               | 
               | Its also why we better be damn sure the mars sample
               | return is absolutely sterile lest we contaminate our
               | planet with extraterrestrial microbes.
        
               | kerhackernews wrote:
               | Couldn't it just be that simple life isn't rare as long
               | as the conditions exist for it to form. It took a very
               | very very long time for even oxygen producing life to
               | form after that.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | I remember seeing somewhere a graph where someone plotted
             | the "complexity" of life vs. time, I think on a log plot,
             | and found a straight line. The line goes to (log) 0 around
             | 5 billion years before the formation of the solar system.
             | The inference from this admittedly dubious exercise was
             | that life originated somewhere before our Solar system,
             | spread here, and continued to evolve here.
             | 
             | I think it was maybe from this source? https://www.scienced
             | irect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B97801...
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | What definition of "complexity" lets it be linear across
               | the Cambrian Explosion?
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Size of genome, I think. Not clear how they estimate that
               | for deep time.
        
             | caseyy wrote:
             | Maybe Earth? Who knows? Lots of good sci-fi has been
             | written about it. I recommend J.P. Hogan's "Inherit the
             | Stars", which starts with evidence of human spaceflight
             | predating known history and goes on interesting directions.
        
             | jimnotgym wrote:
             | I heard somewhere that life started on Mars, but it was all
             | male. Can't seem to find the reference.
        
           | sinkwool wrote:
           | so aliens _did_ build the pyramids!
        
           | jovial_cavalier wrote:
           | What is your actual mechanism for life getting to Earth from
           | Mars?
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | I guess we can somehow bind an asteroid, alongside a
             | spaceship crashing in.
        
             | somenameforme wrote:
             | We already know the meteorites from Mars probably do make
             | their way to Earth on occasion. [1] From there, imagining
             | some primitive life managing to hitch a ride is easy. Even
             | quite advanced life, like tardigrades, have demonstrably
             | survived days of exposure to outer space, and successfully
             | procreated afterwards. [2]
             | 
             | [1] - https://www.space.com/mars-meteorites-on-earth-
             | mystery
             | 
             | [2] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardigrade#Survival_aft
             | er_expo...
        
               | e44858 wrote:
               | > Martian meteorites experience shock pressures of less
               | than 30 GPa on ejection from the Red Planet
               | 
               | Is that enough energy to boil the living things that
               | might be in the rock?
        
             | Qem wrote:
             | Early solar system had plenty of impact events happening.
             | Mars has less gravity than Earth, so it's easier to eject
             | material from there. Picture a comet or asteroid hitting
             | early mars. Most ejecta falls back to Mars, but still tens
             | of thousands of rock fragments are ejected into space, in
             | random directions. Some fraction of them are likely to
             | reach Earth a few years later, potentially carrying any
             | microbial stowaways present in Mars by then.
        
           | Tuna-Fish wrote:
           | > as the Sun cooled
           | 
           | Huh?
           | 
           | The Sun has consistently gotten hotter with age.
        
             | adastra22 wrote:
             | Thank you for the factual correction. It's the geothermal
             | (aerothermal?) heat that has decreased by more than the
             | sun's increasing luminosity, resulting in net temperature
             | loss.
        
               | Tuna-Fish wrote:
               | That's wrong too. While geothermal heat is going down,
               | it's doing it very slowly and has very little impact on
               | surface temperature. Earth was on average significantly
               | colder in the past, to the point of there being several
               | "snowball earth" episodes when the entire surface froze
               | over. That's no longer possible, strictly because the Sun
               | is warmer now.
               | 
               | Mars was somewhat warmer before, but that was not because
               | of geothermal, but because it used to have a thicker
               | atmosphere, and that retained heat better.
        
               | aeonik wrote:
               | What? I thought the geologic record showed that it's been
               | hot most of the time, punctuated by a few ice ages.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_reco
               | rd#...
        
             | olddustytrail wrote:
             | Indeed. Something we have in common.
        
               | olddustytrail wrote:
               | Normally I wouldn't complain about downvotes, but telling
               | me I've got uglier is a bit cruel. I'll get over it...
        
           | HumblyTossed wrote:
           | Probably, we tried Earth first, realized there were huge
           | freaking dinosaurs on it, decided to wait it out a bit,
           | watched that comet hit, was like, "yay! now we can go!"
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | Since the formation of both Earth and Mars (approximately the
           | same time) the Sun's output actually increased by ~33%.
        
           | ordu wrote:
           | _> as the Sun cooled_
           | 
           | Sun becomes hotter with time passed, not cooler.
           | 
           |  _> Early panspermia from Mars settles a LOT of
           | astrobiological questions about origin of life and LUCA
           | complexity._
           | 
           | Does it solves questons or just moves them to another planet?
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | I'd go one step further and say that life began in the
           | protoplanetary disk, explains how quickly life established
           | itself on Earth.
        
         | btbuildem wrote:
         | That would be pretty fascinating.. technologies long lost, and
         | now we look at eroded past of where civilizations once
         | flourished
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | Is that the paradise? And Adam's apple might not be an apple,
         | but some important electronic devices that Adam accidentally
         | broke?
         | 
         | OK I know it sounds crazy...but it's fun to link legends with
         | science.
        
           | jetbooster wrote:
           | Sounds like Assassin's Creed lore
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Could lead to an interesting plot.
        
             | hgs3 wrote:
             | For a time the "Adam and Eve" twist ending was actually
             | overused in many science fiction stories so much so that it
             | is now pejoratively discussed in books on writing [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaggy_God_story
        
           | trenchgun wrote:
           | Tree of knowledge - thats obviously a syntax tree. Garden of
           | Eden was a simulation. Getting into computing could crash it.
        
         | kloch wrote:
         | > n 1976, while Van Flandern was employed by the USNO, he began
         | to promote the belief that major planets sometimes explode.[30]
         | Van Flandern also speculated that the origin of the human
         | species may well have been on the planet Mars, which he
         | believed was once a moon of a now-exploded "Planet V".
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Van_Flandern#Exploding_pla...
        
         | uptown wrote:
         | My favorite theory is that Mars is what Earth will eventually
         | resemble.
        
       | moose44 wrote:
       | Link not working for anyone else?
        
         | gku wrote:
         | Alternative source: https://phys.org/news/2024-05-earth-
         | environment-ancient-mars...
        
       | baja_blast wrote:
       | One thing that has annoyed me is in the 1970s the Viking landers
       | did experiments to check for the presence of life on Mars known
       | as the Labeled Release experiments
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_exper...
       | which dropped a nutrient solution with radioactive Carbon-14 to
       | detect if there was any off gassing to detect if anything
       | metabolized the soil. And both experiments showed positive
       | results but it has been dismissed since chemical reactions could
       | not be ruled out. But here is the thing, the experiments then did
       | a sterilization control where they heated up the soil to 320 F
       | for 3 hours and attempted the experiment again and no gasses were
       | detected which is something you'd expect to see if the gasses
       | were produced by microbes and not chemical processes.
       | 
       | Now is this a positive detection of life? No because other
       | possible factors can not be ruled out. But what puzzles me is why
       | we have never followed up with any further experiments to try and
       | detect life? After the Viking missions we never conducted any
       | further experiments that could rule out any other possible
       | chemical reactions to get closer to confirming the presence of
       | microbial life.
       | 
       | So I would say with the Labeled Release experiments coupled with
       | the seasonal Methane detections strongly imply that there is
       | still microbial extremophiles on Mars.
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > But what puzzles me is why we have never followed up with any
         | further experiments to try and detect life? After the Viking
         | missions we never conducted any further experiments that could
         | rule out any other possible chemical reactions to get closer to
         | confirming the presence of microbial life.
         | 
         | According to Wikipedia, the radiation levels are too high:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_on_Mars#Cosmic_radiation
         | 
         | > Even the hardiest cells known could not possibly survive the
         | cosmic radiation near the surface of Mars since Mars lost its
         | protective magnetosphere and atmosphere.[63][64] After mapping
         | cosmic radiation levels at various depths on Mars, researchers
         | have concluded that over time, any life within the first
         | several meters of the planet's surface would be killed by
         | lethal doses of cosmic radiation.[63][65][66] The team
         | calculated that the cumulative damage to DNA and RNA by cosmic
         | radiation would limit retrieving viable dormant cells on Mars
         | to depths greater than 7.5 meters below the planet's
         | surface.[65] Even the most radiation-tolerant terrestrial
         | bacteria would survive in dormant spore state only 18,000 years
         | at the surface; at 2 meters--the greatest depth at which the
         | ExoMars rover will be capable of reaching--survival time would
         | be 90,000 to half a million years, depending on the type of
         | rock.[67]
        
           | baja_blast wrote:
           | People have said the same thing many times yet we keep
           | discovering extremophiles thriving the some of the most
           | hostile environments. And in 2020 they conducted an
           | experiment on the ISS that exposed Earth bacteria to direct
           | cosmic radiation for 3 years and it turns out they survived
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/scientists-
           | dis.... And this was just Earth bacteria that did not evolve
           | under these conditions, any remaining microbes on Mars would
           | have developed adaptions to survive in such conditions.
        
           | Qem wrote:
           | So we just need to find a recently excavated impact crater, a
           | few thousand years old, and send a probe there, to inspect
           | freshly exposed layers.
        
         | deelowe wrote:
         | Read the wikipedia link and it seems there are credible
         | explanations for what is going on:
         | 
         | > "With unsterilized Terrestrial samples, though, the addition
         | of more nutrients after the initial incubation would then
         | produce still more radioactive gas as the dormant bacteria
         | sprang into action to consume the new dose of food. This was
         | not true of the Martian soil; on Mars, the second and third
         | nutrient injections did not produce any further release of
         | labeled gas."
         | 
         | > "Albet Yen of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has shown that,
         | under extremely cold and dry conditions and in a carbon dioxide
         | atmosphere, ultraviolet light (remember: Mars lacks an ozone
         | layer, so the surface is bathed in ultraviolet) can cause
         | carbon dioxide to react with soils to produce various
         | oxidizers, including highly reactive superoxides (salts
         | containing O2-). When mixed with small organic molecules,
         | superoxidizers readily oxidize them to carbon dioxide, which
         | may account for the LR result. Superoxide chemistry can also
         | account for the puzzling results seen when more nutrients were
         | added to the soil in the LR experiment; because life
         | multiplies, the amount of gas should have increased when a
         | second or third batch of nutrients was added, but if the effect
         | was due to a chemical being consumed in the first reaction, no
         | new gas would be expected. Lastly, many superoxides are
         | relatively unstable and are destroyed at elevated temperatures,
         | also accounting for the "sterilization" seen in the LR
         | experiment."
        
           | baja_blast wrote:
           | > This was not true of the Martian soil; on Mars, the second
           | and third nutrient injections did not produce any further
           | release of labeled gas
           | 
           | But that's probably because martian microbes are less
           | tolerant of high temperatures when compared to Earth
           | microbes. But, yes I am aware there are other non life
           | factors that could have resulted in a positive detection. But
           | my point is why would we never follow up with further
           | experiments to test for possible chemical reactions?
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | >But what puzzles me is why we have never followed up with any
         | further experiments to try and detect life?
         | 
         | simples.
         | 
         | If life is definitively detected on Mars there will never be
         | another mission to determine if life is present on Mars. So
         | what clever scientists have figured out is that they need to do
         | all the science that they want _before_ checking for life.
        
           | dotnet00 wrote:
           | I feel like if life was definitively detected on Mars, it'd
           | kick off a serious new space race for sending crew there. The
           | prestige of either potentially studying alien life, or of
           | having the ability to set foot on the fundamental origin of
           | life on our own planet would be even more historically
           | significant than Apollo.
        
       | logrot wrote:
       | So we messed up Mars, almost done with Earth, where do we go
       | next?
        
         | tehlike wrote:
         | To infinity and beyond.
        
         | alchemist1e9 wrote:
         | Saturn. Best place for heat and raw materials.
        
         | trentnix wrote:
         | We?
        
           | spurgu wrote:
           | You know, us lifeforms.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | "Messed up Mars" = Rendered into a dry wasteland where maybe
         | there might be fossils of microscopic life
         | 
         | "Messed up Earth" = Making it very uncomfortable for Humans,
         | causing large losses of life in poorer parts of the world,
         | causing mass extinctions, but otherwise life will go on
         | 
         | Comparing the two is peak climate alarmism
        
         | blackmesaind wrote:
         | To the Sun. Just have to make sure we go at night, when it's
         | off.
        
       | ethbr1 wrote:
       | It really was Earth all along...
        
         | caseyy wrote:
         | I can just imagine Elorp Munk building a space company on Mars
         | a billion years ago to colonize the frozen and inhospitable
         | Earth. Bringing over some germs and then failing to establish a
         | colony... that could make for some great sci-fi.
        
           | dan_mctree wrote:
           | I wonder if there'd be any good way to confirm or rule out an
           | ancient Martian civilization. Would Martian surface
           | structures be able to last a few billion years? Or would
           | Martian processes be able to make all of them disappear? And
           | how about underground structures?
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | Kurd Lasswitz wrote "Two Planets" in 1897,
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39598983
       | 
       |  _> Lasswitz 's Martians differ little from man physically, but
       | ethically, intellectually, scientifically, and socially they are
       | the prototype of the ideal human being. They seek to educate man,
       | asking in return only air and energy to supplement the diminished
       | supplies in their own, older world.
       | 
       | The story revolves around a group of German scientists who, when
       | seeking the North Pole, come upon a Martian settlement there.._
       | 
       | A young German reader of "Two Planets", Wernher von Braun, would
       | develop ballistic missiles for Germany/USA, rockets that launched
       | the first US space satellite and the NASA launch vehicle that
       | took Apollo to the Moon.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martians_(scientists)
       | 
       |  _> Leo Szilard, who jokingly suggested that Hungary was a front
       | for aliens from Mars, used this term. In an answer to the
       | question of why there is no evidence of intelligent life beyond
       | Earth (called the Fermi paradox) despite the high probability of
       | it existing, Szilard responded:  "They are already here among us
       | - they just call themselves Hungarians."_
       | 
       | The group included Erdos and von Neumann.
        
         | iamflimflam1 wrote:
         | Possibly worth also including just how controversial Wernher
         | von Braun is.
         | 
         |  _Von Braun is a highly controversial figure widely seen as
         | escaping justice for his Nazi war crimes due to the Americans '
         | desire to beat the Soviets in the Cold War_
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun
        
           | alwa wrote:
           | And if we've come that far, we may as well mention Tom
           | Lehrer's classic song "Wernher Von Braun," which, along with
           | the rest of his work, Lehrer so generously released into the
           | public domain:
           | 
           | https://tomlehrersongs.com/wernher-von-braun/
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | That song shows up in For All Mankind.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | What does that have to do with the comment you're replying
           | to?
           | 
           | Edit: This is an honest question, I'm not familiar with the
           | extent of his crimes, if any. It certainly doesn't seem like
           | a clear-cut "he was an objectively evil man but we looked the
           | other way" based on the Wikipedia article. It could very well
           | be his account, which from a brief skim seems reasonable, is
           | accurate?
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | _> I 'm not familiar with the extent of his crimes, if
             | any._
             | 
             | He was the Nazis' best rocket engineer, responsible for,
             | among other things, the V2s that devastated much of London.
             | By the standards of the Nuremberg trials, he probably
             | should have been tried and convicted. But he was never even
             | accused, because the US wanted his rocket expertise--by the
             | time of the Nuremberg trials, he was already working for
             | the US Army.
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | Genuine question - unless he was directly involved with
               | the genocide, was he not doing the exact same thing the
               | allies were doing? It's not a war crime to participate in
               | a war for your country.
               | 
               | The US bombed German civilians and Japanese civilians in
               | mass numbers.
        
               | cyberpunk wrote:
               | Many would consider those war crimes also.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | yes, but that side "won". so the important take away is
               | that if you're going to commit war crimes, you must win
               | the war to avoid being charged
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | The atrocity is that von Braun's V-2 factory was an
               | extermination-through-labor camp. About 12,000 people
               | were forcibly worked and tortured to death to produce
               | those weapons--numerically more deaths than V-2, as a
               | weapon, caused in Britain. von Braun was aware of this,
               | complicit in this, oversaw parts of it as a high-ranking
               | SS officer: his Wikipedia entry quotes a survivor
               | testifying "von Braun went to the concentration camp to
               | pick slave laborers".
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Assuming this is true (I have no reason to believe it's
               | not) it's clearly a damning indictment of von Braun
               | himself. And it calls into question his accounts, so it
               | seems like odds are he was "actually" a Nazi as opposed
               | to someone affiliating with the party to avoid punishment
               | or execution.
               | 
               | I still don't see what that has to do with the original
               | comment that mentioned him. If we're talking about him in
               | depth, absolutely mention it and dig into it. I guess the
               | thing I'm having trouble reconciling in my head is the
               | need to, upon a passing reference to someone orthogonal
               | to the main point, say it's "worth including" that
               | they're a controversial figure. The controversy seems
               | irrelevant to me. It seems to border on virtue signaling,
               | this need to say "oh by the way, Nazis are bad" when that
               | (objective fact) has nothing to do with anything.
               | 
               | I see your other comment and I get the point you're
               | trying to make but I don't think it has anything to do
               | with speaking respectfully or with any sort of courtesy
               | about a Nazi, just about trying to make a point.
        
               | joshuahutt wrote:
               | I can see your point, but I think it's worthwhile to
               | understand the full context, even if it's irrelevant on
               | the surface.
               | 
               | I wasn't familiar with von Braun before reading this
               | thread, and I appreciate the extra info. Complex figure.
               | Maybe even a really bad guy. But, also interesting that
               | his work was useful in getting us to the moon.
               | 
               | Maybe we can all appreciate that dichotomy.
               | 
               | Even more interesting to note, is without your initial
               | pushback, I wouldn't have read more detail about him, so
               | I owe your resistance to actually exploring this facet of
               | the man's alleged history to getting me to actually read
               | a bit about it.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> The US bombed German civilians and Japanese civilians
               | in mass numbers._
               | 
               | Yes, agreed. I'm not arguing that the standards of
               | Nuremberg were actually the right ones.
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | A significant chunk of the adult male population of Nazi
               | Germany was involved with the genocide. Hitler made sure
               | there was blood on as many German hands as possible. In
               | retrospect the Allies were _extremely lenient_ [0] on
               | Germany and Japan and they probably could have punished
               | them way, way worse.
               | 
               | As for Allied war crimes, many of those were only
               | criminalized after-the-fact. For example, the
               | justification for nuking Nagasaki was "well, there's a
               | factory nearby, so that's a valid military target".
               | 
               | [0] For example, "fiduciary duty to shareholders" was a
               | valid excuse that saved several businessmen at Nuremburg,
               | despite them running forced labor camps that were
               | deadlier than Auschwicz.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | The damage the V2s inflicted on London paled in
               | comparison to the destruction of continental European and
               | Russian and Japanese cities.
               | 
               | The V2 killed more (enslaved) people who were building it
               | than it did in its attacks. It was only 'successful' as a
               | propaganda weapon.
               | 
               | ...And by the standards of the Nuremberg trials, the
               | heads of every allied airforce, and all of their
               | immediate subordinates and sub-subordinates should have
               | been dancing the hemp fandango.
               | 
               | I'll also point out that a _lot_ of Nazi military
               | officers and civilian leaders and industrialists, despite
               | significant involvement in the regime 's crimes were not
               | found guilty[1] in those trials.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | [1] Even in the Soviet-ran ones - and as every loyal
               | comrade knows, the courts of the glorious Soviet Union
               | are the fairest, most humane, and most merciful justice
               | system the world has ever conceived, especially when it
               | came to the question of judging fascists.
        
               | octopoc wrote:
               | > And by the standards of the Nuremberg trials, the heads
               | of every allied airforce, and all of their immediate
               | subordinates and sub-subordinates should have been
               | dancing the hemp fandango.
               | 
               | That's a very good point, although the Nuremberg trials
               | used torture to get confessions, so literally anybody
               | could have been convicted.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Did they? Is that why so many walked? Do you have any
               | proof of this?
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | - _" Former Buchenwald inmate Adam Cabala stated that von
           | Braun went to the concentration camp to pick slave
           | laborers:"_
           | 
           | - _"... also the German scientists led by Prof. Wernher von
           | Braun were aware of everything daily. As they went along the
           | corridors, they saw the exhaustion of the inmates, their
           | arduous work and their pain. Not one single time did Prof.
           | Wernher von Braun protest against this cruelty during his
           | frequent stays at Dora. Even the aspect of corpses did not
           | touch him: On a small area near the ambulance shed, inmates
           | tortured to death by slave labor and the terror of the
           | overseers were piling up daily. But, Prof. Wernher von Braun
           | passed them so close that he was almost touching the
           | corpses.[63] "_
           | 
           | I agree with your comment. Let's never speak in respectful
           | language about a Nazi SS officer. It's a loud silence when
           | someone circles around the topic without mentioning it, as if
           | there were some obligation of diplomacy--as if you owe
           | tactfulness or professional courtesy to Nazis.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | Does this mean that Americans helped a criminal to escape
           | justice?
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | Not one, many.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Paperclip, https://
             | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731#:~:text=those%20captu...
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | They did that with all the Japanese to get info on biological
           | weapons. Or check out the Monster of the Showa era
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi), who was
           | originally held for war crimes, and then became prime
           | minister.
        
         | wvbdmp wrote:
         | Wernher von Braun himself also wrote probably the first serious
         | treatise on human missions to mars as well as a science fiction
         | novel on the topic in 1948. Apparently the original German
         | novel remains unpublished, but there is an English translation
         | available. It's set in 1980.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mars_Project
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mars:_A_Technical_Tale
         | 
         | Check out the second link's section about "the Elon".
        
           | ffhhj wrote:
           | "Elon Gates to reach the stars"
        
             | Dr_Birdbrain wrote:
             | Are the Elon Gates made of sugar, I. E. Zucker? Elon Zucker
             | Gates to reach the stars?
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | > "They are already here among us - they just call themselves
         | Hungarians."
         | 
         | Do Germans also have jokes like "how many Hungarians does it
         | take to screw in a light bulb"?
        
           | obfuscator wrote:
           | Those exist here at the expense of different peoples,
           | depending where you are in Germany. Most popular, from what I
           | can tell, are East Frisians, but that has to do with a
           | comedian who made a lot of those jokes (Otto Waalkes).
        
       | mjhay wrote:
       | An oxidizing atmosphere (as Earth and Mars are currently) would
       | actually make it much harder for life to emerge in the first
       | place. Oxidation makes it very hard for complex molecules to
       | remain stable enough for life to emerge in the first place.
       | Before photosynthesis, Earth had a reducing environment. The
       | advent of oxygen is often termed the "Oxygen Catastrophe."
        
         | jccooper wrote:
         | Young terrestrial planets should tend towards a reducing
         | atmosphere, due to all the rocks and such oxidizing. It took
         | ages for life on Earth to produce sufficient oxygen to switch
         | to an oxidizing atmosphere. We have evidence that Mars did
         | start reducing and switch at some point. That Mars became
         | oxidizing is certainly curious, considering the reason that
         | happened on Earth.
        
       | Vox_Leone wrote:
       | The darker-toned regions in the image on the linked article
       | really look like they're still wet; like a frozen image of the
       | very last puddles on the Mars surface. Beautiful.
        
       | icepat wrote:
       | Link 404's out now..
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | Of course it had an Earth-like environment. Hasn't anyone ever
       | read Edgar Rice Burroughs?
        
         | DoreenMichele wrote:
         | That was the first thing I thought of:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carter_of_Mars
        
           | labrador wrote:
           | It was fun reading those books when I was a teen
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | I'm sure that any transition from Earth-like to the present state
       | was so slow as to be unnoticeable even over centuries --- but
       | it's mind-blowing to me to imagine what it would be like to be,
       | say, a nineteenth century civilization realizing you are in a
       | race with the dying of your planet to get the heck off it.
        
       | throw4847285 wrote:
       | Sometimes I wonder if Sci-fi has done more harm than good. It
       | provides conclusions that people so badly want to prove true that
       | they will look for any evidence, however meager, to bolster their
       | arguments. Maybe there was life on Mars, but the main motivation
       | to believe that right now is that many people have read about it
       | in fantasy books. Much more devastatingly, Sci-fi has driven what
       | technology people develop, and often it has led to technology
       | that has made the world worse.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, those stories about martians are all metaphors. But
       | people can't distinguish the symbol from the symbolized.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | I don't blame scifi, after all it is just fiction. However, I
         | think the blame could go to poor education and being able to
         | know the difference.
        
           | throw4847285 wrote:
           | Yeah fair point. It's not as if Ray Bradbury was the most
           | subtle writer. You have to try to miss the point.
           | 
           | Then again, I get it. If somebody offered to build me a
           | Gundam I wouldn't think "Oh no, a symbol for the
           | dehumanization of soldiers on the modern battlefield" I'd
           | think "Is the beam saber included?"
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | But at the same time, there's so much real science that has
             | thoroughly been inspired by scifi. Sometimes, you just need
             | to get the imagination juices flowing. "That thingymabob
             | from sciFiTvShow would be really cool to have IRL. What
             | would it take to do that...hold my beer" type thinking has
             | probably given us more than we think. Or maybe I'm just
             | romanticizing the concept too much?
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | The voice feature of ChatGPT on my phone is basically the
               | Star Trek ship computer.
               | 
               | The weather radar app replicates a feature of the Star
               | Trek tricorder that I saw in an episode of TNG.
               | 
               | Household robots like in The Jetsons are coming soon, a
               | couple decades at most from today.
               | 
               | Etc...
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | Do you really need sci fi in either direction to come up
               | with those ideas? I don't read or consume sci fi, but
               | considering the tech available, these just seem like
               | natural things you would try to do.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > considering the tech available,
               | 
               | Wow, you're doing some heavy caveating with that comment.
               | 
               | Sure, someone today can say that a handheld device to
               | show you the weather in any part of the world seems like
               | a "duh" thing now, but in the 60s when Star Trek came to
               | TV with a tricoder or really a handheld anything was
               | pushing credibility. Computers at the time took up rooms
               | in buildings. Of course zillenials never knowing the
               | world before handheld mobile devices can't imagine a time
               | when it took imagination to think of the things they have
               | today.
        
       | kerhackernews wrote:
       | To me, based on how quickly life formed on earth. It's highly
       | likely that simple life once existed within the ancient oceans of
       | Mars. Though, after billions of years there would be no evidence
       | left.
        
       | elorant wrote:
       | This is scary on two fronts. One, whatever happened to Mars could
       | happen to Earth, and two, it puts the Great Filter probably in
       | our future. If our solar system had two hospitable planets then
       | there should be plenty of Earth like planets around in our
       | galaxy. In which case we end up with the Fermi Paradox. If life
       | is so abundant in the Universe how come we haven't been in
       | contact with aliens?
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | That's easy. Earthling tech is just too behind the curve and
         | society is stuck in a state where we are considered primitive.
        
           | elorant wrote:
           | We could locate technosignatures though. Even if they don't
           | wish to contact us we could tell if the galaxy was teeming
           | with intelligent life.
        
         | mewpmewp2 wrote:
         | I don't understand Fermi Paradox. Why couldn't the chance of
         | life be extremely miniscule, e.g. given all billions of stars
         | and planets, why couldn't there have been even 10% or 0.0001%
         | odds of it happening at all one any given stars or planets?
         | E.g. maybe even it happening on one was such a lucky
         | occurrence?
         | 
         | Maybe given even 1,000,000 of observable universes the odds
         | were just 1 out of 1,000,000.
         | 
         | How can people confidently claim that there must be some other
         | civilizations, we wouldn't know the odds in the first place
         | unless we know the exact mechanisms involved.
         | 
         | To me it seems like the probability could have been anything.
         | It could have required any amount of certain chemical reactions
         | to happen in certain order where the probability can vary
         | wildly depending on the amount and likelihood of those
         | reactions. E.g. it could be 0.01 to the power of 1,000,000 or
         | as well as to the power of 10e64 and so on.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | The current state of humanity doesn't deserve another chance on
       | another "Earth-like environment".
       | 
       | Let's prove we can take care of this planet first before we think
       | of finding a "new Earth"
        
       | polishdude20 wrote:
       | Why can't we bring a scanning electron microscope onto one of
       | these rovers?
       | 
       | There are companies making desktop ones now.
        
         | api wrote:
         | The lack of a microscope on these missions has always been
         | puzzling to me. Seems like an absolute no brainer especially
         | since they can now be very small.
         | 
         | If there was past life microfossils could be quite visible in
         | ancient sediment.
        
         | joshmarinacci wrote:
         | There have been microscopes but without a human to mount a
         | sample they are more like macro lenses
        
       | kobieps wrote:
       | Getting a 404 now, wtf?
        
       | joshmarinacci wrote:
       | When you read unrealistic sci-fi about Mars as planet with
       | vibrant, if aging, life (and Venus as a jungle planet); remember
       | that the conditions on Mars surface were still largely unknown
       | until the tail end of the Space Race. It was still believable
       | that Mars had life up until the 1960s.
        
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       (page generated 2024-05-01 23:00 UTC)