[HN Gopher] What's Going on with 'Nonplussed'? (2017)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What's Going on with 'Nonplussed'? (2017)
        
       Author : rglullis
       Score  : 199 points
       Date   : 2024-04-29 12:19 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.merriam-webster.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.merriam-webster.com)
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | "The common meaning of a little used word changed nearly 100
       | years ago."
       | 
       | ...
        
         | rglullis wrote:
         | So you'd say that you are completely nonplussed? Because I was
         | so nonplussed by it that I felt it worth sharing here.
        
         | Karellen wrote:
         | The fact that this 1930-era additional meaning is being
         | described as "new" makes me think that there might also be
         | another meaning of "new" that I wasn't previously aware of!
        
         | awesomeideas wrote:
         | You were around in the time of Shakespeare!? Wow, what was it
         | like back then, hearing the Bard himself use the singular they?
         | 
         | <https://archive.is/A8h4J>
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | My current favourite instance of singular 'they' is in the
           | KJV translation of the Book of Job - specifically, the end of
           | chapter 15. The authors used generic 'he' throughout, until
           | they got to a bit they'd have to translate as "his womb".
           | Clearly this was a wee bit radical of a concept for the
           | authors, because they chose instead to write "their belly
           | prepareth deceit".
           | 
           | Also, since it's a religious text, this is a slam dunk
           | counterexample for (e.g.) prescriptivist Mormons. Anyone can
           | handwave Shakespeare, but the Inspired Word of God? They have
           | to admit that singular 'they' is grammatical.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I don't know if translations really count as the Word of
             | God. If so, how do we know which translation when they
             | differ?
        
               | djur wrote:
               | Some churches have the doctrinal position that particular
               | translations were divinely inspired. Indeed, there are
               | people out there who will tell you that the King James
               | Version is the _only_ 100% true and accurate Bible in any
               | language, because God influenced the translators to
               | correct errors in their source material.
               | 
               | (Most other churches think this is extremely silly.)
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | The antiquity of 'they' as the _indefinite_ singular is well
           | established.  "If you do ever figure out whose umbrella this
           | is, do give it back to them, will you?" has always been
           | correct when the identity of the individual (and therefore
           | particulars such as gender) is unknown.
           | 
           | As a _definite_ singular, one used to refer to a known person
           | who relates to gender in a specific way, it is rather new. I
           | have no beef whatsoever with this particular linguistic
           | innovation, but let 's not pretend that it isn't one.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | Don't ruin it for me! It's one of my favourite words, but I
       | really have no idea why. Maybe because it's just so odd.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | I'm way more nonplussed about this than you, I don't really
         | think it's that special.
        
         | mbork_pl wrote:
         | > It's one of my favourite words
         | 
         | Wait, shouldn't it be the second one, right after _petrichor_?
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | A this point I'm just waiting for a Webster article how some
           | people understand "one of" to mean "the only" instead of "a
           | member of the set of". This seems to be getting more common
        
             | mbork_pl wrote:
             | Good point, stupid me!
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | In my opinion, that's a very ugly word for such a beautiful
           | smell.
        
             | mbork_pl wrote:
             | What's ugly about "petrichor"???
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | My opinion, of course. But it's not pleasant looking or
               | sounding.
        
       | ryan-duve wrote:
       | This was one of my favorite "word of the day" entries, a word
       | every speaker tries to work into their speech, at Toastmasters.
       | The person who introduced it gave the two definitions and then
       | basically said "it's the only word I know that means its
       | opposite" or something to that effect. It got liberal use in
       | every speech, including mine, and I still don't feel comfortable
       | using it correctly.
        
         | jawns wrote:
         | Merriam-Webster has its own entry about just that topic: words
         | that are their own antonyms!
         | 
         | https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/words-own-opposites
        
           | jackcosgrove wrote:
           | > 'Inflammable' means flammable? What a country!
           | 
           | -Dr Nick
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | I think "inflammable" is a fake word.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | That one's fun, because they don't _really_ mean the same.
             | It 's just that there usually is no functional difference
             | between the meanings.
             | 
             | "to inflame" is to set something on fire. "to flame" is to
             | be on fire. So something that's inflammable can be set on
             | fire, something that's flammable can burn.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | I would have said the same thing as you, but it now
               | occurs to me that something that is already on fire must
               | be flammable but it is hardly inflammable since you
               | couldn't set it on fire again (without first putting it
               | out at least).
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | You could also argue that some things, like most metal
               | powders, are barely inflammable (very hard to light) but
               | are very flammable (once they do burn they burn really
               | well and are hard to put out)
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | The way it's used on warning labels, "inflammable" means
               | it can combust without an obvious ignition. "Flammable"
               | needs to be set on fire from an external source.
        
           | bxparks wrote:
           | That was a fascinating article.
           | 
           | > Cleave is often cited as the go-to contronym: it can refer
           | to splitting something apart and to uniting two things
           | 
           | Weird, I cannot remember ever seeing "cleave" used to mean
           | "uniting two things".
           | 
           | "Inflammable" is my go-to example of a word that shouldn't
           | exist in the English language. Causes too much confusion. I
           | always use "flammable" and "nonflammable".
        
             | Karellen wrote:
             | > "Inflammable" is my go-to example of a word that
             | shouldn't exist in the English language.
             | 
             | What about "inflammation" (from the same root), like what
             | happens when you bruise yourself, or injure a joint? Is
             | that OK?
             | 
             | Or you should you get a "flammation" instead?
             | 
             | Edit: Or when interpersonal tensions are high, and a
             | situation becomes inflamed?
        
               | bxparks wrote:
               | Ha, you make some good points and I would be ok with
               | those words. But just because the root word (inflame) and
               | some of its derived words are useful, that doesn't mean
               | that we need to allow all possible prefix and suffix
               | derivations of that root word.
        
               | Karellen wrote:
               | Wow. You really want some arbiter of which words are
               | "allowed" or not? That sounds like some real Ministry of
               | Truth type shit. It seems especially weird on a tech
               | site, when tech jargon has historically been rich with
               | wordplay and word construction.
               | 
               | http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/introduction.html
               | 
               | http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/writing-style.html
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | That sense of 'cleave' is used in the Boney M song "Rivers
             | of Babylon". The lyrics can be found in several song
             | aggregation sites, such as the King James version of the
             | Christian Bible: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King
             | _James)/Psalms#Psa...
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | > Weird, I cannot remember ever seeing "cleave" used to
             | mean "uniting two things".
             | 
             | Here's an example I stole from the internet [1] "People in
             | the remote mountain villages still cleave to their old
             | traditions."
             | 
             | I'll leave other examples of cleavage meaning two things
             | coming together to your imagination.
             | 
             | [1] https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cle
             | ave-t...
        
               | bxparks wrote:
               | Yeah, never seen that usage of "cleave". I would have
               | expected that sentence written with a different word:
               | "People in the remote mountain villages still _cling_ to
               | their old traditions. "
               | 
               | With regards to "cleavage", I always thought that it was
               | based on the other meaning of the word, the one about
               | splitting things apart: https://www.merriam-
               | webster.com/dictionary/cleavage
        
         | fl7305 wrote:
         | > The person who introduced it gave the two definitions and
         | then basically said "it's the only word I know that means its
         | opposite"
         | 
         | That guy is a literal pain in my behind.
        
         | JosephGuerra wrote:
         | Egregious is like that, if I remember correctly
        
       | jtbayly wrote:
       | I think I've always assumed it meant "unimpressed." That is not
       | the "new" meaning under discussion, but they seem to hint at it
       | when they say, "This new sense appears to stem from a mistaken
       | belief that the first three letters of nonplus are there to
       | indicate that someone is something other than "plussed" (although
       | what being plussed would entail here remains a mystery)."
       | 
       | I bet my meaning is the next change to this silly word. :)
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | I have never known it to mean anything except for "perplexed",
         | as a hiberno-English speaker. But now that I do know the newer
         | meaning I'm both mildly nonplussed and totally nonplussed about
         | it.
        
           | Y_Y wrote:
           | _Moi non plus_
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | And this reaction, I think, hint at why this shift has
           | happened: It will often be _unclear_ if someone is unfamiliar
           | with the word, whether it means perplexed or unruffled,
           | because often the same situation would justify either.
           | 
           | You might be perplexed at the reason someone cares about a
           | situation because you yourself is totally unruffled - being
           | both nonplussed and nonplussed about it... At least a couple
           | of the examples they give are ones where either meaning is
           | plausible.
           | 
           | And so if someone is unfamiliar with the word, it'd be easy
           | for them to infer the wrong thing and as a result associate
           | the wrong meaning for the word going forward.
        
             | djur wrote:
             | "I looked at Jim and he seemed nonplussed by the
             | situation." Is Jim acting cool and relaxed according to his
             | character, or is he uncharacteristically flustered? The
             | author knows, the reader might not.
        
           | Macha wrote:
           | Counter-anecdote:
           | 
           | Also a hiberno-english speaker, I've always assumed
           | unbothered to be the primary meaning. I was vaguely aware of
           | the autoantonymic usage but definitely felt less common.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | That meaning is actually already in webster, together with "not
         | surprised, not bothered" which is probably what the articled
         | describes as unruffled [1].
         | 
         | Not sure why the article pretends like they haven't already
         | added the "new" meaning to their dictionary. Maybe it happened
         | after the article came out
         | 
         | 1: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonplussed
        
           | inanutshellus wrote:
           | The "unimpressed" meaning is the primary meaning I've heard
           | and I'm not young. They're hand-wringing over a phenomenon as
           | old as I am, it seems.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | However the article explicitly says "we'd just like to give
             | you fair warning in case our descriptivist nature causes us
             | to take action" which implies that they hadn't actually
             | taken added that meaning at the time of writing.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | In case the word "plussed" came into the dictionary
               | meaning "impressed"
        
           | carabiner wrote:
           | "NOTE: The use of nonplussed to mean 'unimpressed' is an
           | Americanism that has become increasingly common in recent
           | decades and now appears frequently in published writing. It
           | apparently arose from confusion over the meaning of
           | nonplussed in ambiguous contexts, and it continues to be
           | widely regarded as an error."
           | 
           | Read: only dumb people use it this way.
        
             | Davidzheng wrote:
             | that's not at all what they are trying to say....
        
         | elicash wrote:
         | I am excited to start slipping "plussed" casually into
         | conversation.
        
           | parpfish wrote:
           | You should be thankful your coworkers don't already say that
           | the "plus one" an idea/comment
        
             | datadrivenangel wrote:
             | I would be so nonplussed by this.
        
           | Tijdreiziger wrote:
           | https://youtube.com/shorts/Z9ifuTpljg0
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | I'm nonloled about this situation.
        
         | adamc wrote:
         | I admit to not understanding why people assume meanings rather
         | than look them up.
        
           | tremon wrote:
           | So... you're nonplussed about why people would pick up new
           | words from casual usage rather than from books?
        
           | da_chicken wrote:
           | The context in which a word is used is typically more
           | informative than the meaning in the dictionary. For example,
           | "set" has an unreasonably large number of definitions [0] but
           | I can't remember the last time its usage in a sentence was
           | confusing.
           | 
           | It's also why "cromulent" from The Simpsons had a clear
           | meaning during the episode that coined the word even though
           | it did not exist prior to the episode airing.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/set
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | That's how we learn 95% of words' meanings: by osmosis from
           | hearing them used by others whom we presume know their proper
           | meanings. I doubt you've done 100,000 dictionary look-ups, or
           | any number remotely in the ballpark of the number of English
           | words you know.
        
           | bazoom42 wrote:
           | How did you learn your first language? Most people learn to
           | speak before they learn to read and use a dictionary.
        
         | svat wrote:
         | > _" unimpressed." That is not the "new" meaning under
         | discussion_
         | 
         | That _is_ pretty much (very close to) the new meaning under
         | discussion: as the article says, the old meaning was "at a loss
         | as to what to say, think, or do", and the new meaning (started
         | showing up in the early 20th century, though I only encountered
         | it recently) is "unruffled, unconcerned", which is close to
         | your "unimpressed" (and close to the opposite of the earlier
         | /standard meaning).
         | 
         | (The upshot is that the word "nonplussed" is basically skunked
         | now, and should not be used because readers will
         | misunderstand/be unsure. Some discussion in this thread
         | https://mathstodon.xyz/@dpiponi/111684566418809307 including
         | examples of "enervated" and "livid", and the observation that
         | the etymology of "non plus" is similar to "I can't even".)
        
       | digitalsushi wrote:
       | I never challenged myself to know the origin of this word but I
       | have perhaps unjustifiably assumed this word was a type of
       | doublespeak like the one used in 1984, a way to deliberately draw
       | attention to a system monitoring for disapproval. With the recent
       | automatic censoring of words like 'dead' on various social
       | platforms being shifted to 'unalived' the same spirit of mockery
       | persists.
        
       | andycowley wrote:
       | As a Brit, I don't think I've ever encountered the latter
       | meaning. I've only ever heard it to mean 'perplexed'.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | Also a Brit, but I thought it meant "unbothered" until 5-6
         | years ago.
        
           | rorylawless wrote:
           | Another Brit confirming this understanding of the word
           | (although I just found out about the original meaning about a
           | minute ago).
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | As an American, I assume without evidence that it's way more
         | common in British English, because over here it feels like an
         | exotic word that people only pull out to be semi-fancy, like
         | "whom".
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | "Babe, we have guests, whom we use the fancy relative
           | pronouns with."
           | 
           | Don't make me delve any deeper into pedantry ("with whom we
           | use...")
        
           | zarzavat wrote:
           | Wait... do Americans not say whom?
        
             | GrantMoyer wrote:
             | The Americans who know when to use whom and who and
             | Americans who think they know when to use whom and who are
             | those who use whom, while Americans whom the distiction
             | between who and whom thouroughly confuses and Americans to
             | whom whom is entirely unknown are those by whom who is
             | solely used.
        
               | topaz0 wrote:
               | Oh it's a bit more complicated than that. There are also
               | those who don't use whom because they know it's a relic
               | of a case system that has been gradually fading for a
               | thousand years. Not to mention those whom use it
               | incorrectly on purpose to annoy the pedants.
        
             | impendia wrote:
             | Not much.
             | 
             | Americans use "whom" some, especially in formal writing
             | and/or speech, but colloquially "who" is much more common.
             | 
             | For example, as an American a sentence like "Whom did you
             | invite to the party?" sounds a bit stilted and formal to
             | me.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > as an American a sentence like "Whom did you invite to
               | the party?" sounds a bit stilted and formal to me
               | 
               | It would be fair to call this ungrammatical in American
               | English.
               | 
               | But _whom_ does survive in fronted prepositional phrases
               | ( "the person _for whom_ this item was obtained... ").
               | It's dead in prepositional phrases that haven't been
               | fronted just like it's dead everywhere else.
               | 
               | Something vaguely similar happened in Spanish, where
               | there is a special pronoun case that can only be used
               | with the preposition _con_ ( "with"). There, the special
               | case descends from, interestingly enough, _the same
               | preposition_ , Latin _cum_ , instead of from the Latin
               | case system. But the phenomenon ends up being the same.
        
             | da_chicken wrote:
             | We do, but "who" is acceptable in both tenses. There's no
             | reason to ever use "whom" because it's the only one you can
             | use wrong.
             | 
             | "To whom did you give the book?" is more often "Who'd you
             | give the book to?" complete with the similarly forbidden
             | preposition.
        
           | mikestew wrote:
           | _like an exotic word that people only pull out to be semi-
           | fancy, like "whom"_
           | 
           | Semi-fancy? Man, that's a pretty low bar for fifty-cent
           | words. I use it so I sound like I actually went to school and
           | paid attention. If those with whom I speak find basic grammar
           | fancy, that's on them.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | What makes the latter sentence sound highfalutin is that
             | you've been required to contort it away from idiomatic
             | American English sentence structure in order to force in a
             | "whom". The usual way of phrasing the sentence avoids "who"
             | entirely: "If the people I speak with" or "If the people
             | I'm talking to".
        
           | cryptonector wrote:
           | > because over here it feels like an exotic word that people
           | only pull out to be semi-fancy, like "whom".
           | 
           | Them's fightin' words. 'Whom' is super useful because it is
           | grammatically necessary.
        
         | beretguy wrote:
         | As a non native English speaker, it's my first time seeing or
         | hearing this word.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | Don't worry I'm sure there are a good number of native
           | English speakers who've never come across it either. It's not
           | exactly in common usage.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | If it were in common usage, there couldn't be confusion
             | over its meaning. The whole situation can only arise for
             | words that most people don't know.
             | 
             | Which means it's of particularly limited use to a foreign
             | speaker.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Yeah, if I was a non-native English speaker, I'd be
               | nonplussed about the word (both meanings).
               | 
               | But some commonly used words are confusing. Sanction
               | means both to allow and to disallow. Literally is a
               | nightmare, especially in written form, but also spoken
               | without enough cultural context.
               | 
               | I don't like all these examples, but here's a list of 40
               | mostly common words or two word phrases that mean their
               | opposite. [1] There's probably 10-20 of those that a new
               | to English speaker is likely to run into. But then, I
               | never got far enough into other languages, maybe this is
               | a common phenomenon.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/57032/25-words-
               | are-their...
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > But some commonly used words are confusing. Sanction
               | means both to allow and to disallow.
               | 
               | Well, technically, it means to allow or to punish. But
               | you're close enough. It does have these two senses, they
               | are obviously in tension with each other, and both are
               | common.
               | 
               | But, because both senses are common, this isn't a source
               | of confusion. (And the later sense of punishment did not
               | arise from confusion on the part of speakers, as is the
               | case for _nonplussed_.)
        
           | DanielVZ wrote:
           | As a non native its always fun to learn new vocab. A few
           | months ago I heard the word Vicariously for like the second
           | or third time, and when I looked at the definition it was
           | interestingly both complex and very human at the same time:
           | 
           | experienced or realized through imaginative or sympathetic
           | participation in the experience of another.
        
         | gadders wrote:
         | I always knew it as perplexed. I eschew this inferior recent
         | meaning.
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | As another Brit, I too have only ever used it to mean
         | perplexed.
         | 
         | But frequently I've seen it used in the context of perplexed
         | about the fuss - which I guess has contributed to the newer
         | meaning
        
         | codeulike wrote:
         | Its clearly a UK/USA split, for some reason the article does
         | not mention this.
         | 
         | Wikipedia has it on 'List of words having different meanings in
         | American and British English'
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_words_having_different...
        
           | kimbernator wrote:
           | The article does not mention this, but the second paragraph
           | links a MW definition which does explicitly call out that
           | this usage is primarily US-based: https://www.merriam-
           | webster.com/dictionary/nonplussed
        
         | bjornlouser wrote:
         | what about 'moot'. Do Brits screw that up like Americans? 'moot
         | point'
        
           | SamBam wrote:
           | Hmmm, is the second definition here [1] the "screwed up" one?
           | 
           | > An issue regarded as potentially debatable, but no longer
           | practically applicable. Although the idea may still be worth
           | debating and exploring academically ... the idea has been
           | rendered irrelevant for the present issue.
           | 
           | That's literally the only way I've heard it. (American here.)
           | I'm nonplussed about this.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moot_point
        
         | dclowd9901 wrote:
         | A rare thing to be able to hear people talk who actually know
         | what words mean.
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | I've pretty much given up on trying to fight the evolution in the
       | meaning of words. Singular "they" was one I resisted for a long
       | time, but it's a lost cause. It still trips me up to hear it or
       | especially to read it: what? did another person suddenly enter
       | this context? I still avoid it myself, and think its use reduces
       | clarity, but it is what it is.
       | 
       | Word usage changes, evolves. A word or a different meaning of a
       | word often starts as slang, then expands to become common usage.
       | It's usually (but not always) apparent from context what the
       | writer means. And, following the guidance of Strunk and White,
       | don't use a fancy, uncommon, or potentially confusing word when
       | plain words will do the job. Writing "he was at a loss" or "she
       | didn't know what to do" is a few more words but much clearer to
       | more readers than "he was nonplussed."
        
         | causality0 wrote:
         | _Singular "they" was one I resisted for a long time, but it's a
         | lost cause._
         | 
         | I've had almost the opposite experience from you. I'd long
         | embraced it as the correct word to use when referring to a
         | person of unknown gender or to a hypothetical individual, but
         | having to use it regarding real people caused me problems. When
         | my wife became coworkers with a non-binary person and its usage
         | came up every few days, the better I got at gendering them
         | properly the worse I got at everyone else. First I started
         | accidentally calling her other friends "they", and then I
         | started sometimes referring to any woman as "they". Fortunately
         | that coworker took a job elsewhere before I started referring
         | to men as they too.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | I purposefully and unapologetically try to refer to everyone
           | as "they" these days. A person's gender is rarely relevant
           | (and can often lead to stereotyping), so I see no need to
           | mention it every time I refer to them. And it makes life a
           | lot simpler.
        
             | vsnf wrote:
             | While not strictly improper, this feels needlessly
             | confrontational and pushing of an ideology. You might find
             | you ruffle more feathers than you think by doing this.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | Some people seem not to like it (most don't care), but
               | nothing else gets special treatment in language (one
               | doesn't refer to people of different races using
               | different pronouns for example - there are special titles
               | like sir/lord/reverend, but I try to avoid those too),
               | and I think it's good to challenge people's assumptions
               | around this kind of thing.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | I have no objection to avoiding assumptions about a person's
           | gender. It's unfortunate in my opinion that we chose "they"
           | which is gender-neutral but also plural. That is entirely
           | where the issue is for me. I'd have no objection to a
           | singular gender-neutral word (which unfortunately doesn't
           | exist in English). "One" sometimes works, but often sounds
           | too formal. Or reworking the sentence so that "they" is
           | approprate, e.g. "Each person should do it for themselves"
           | isn't terrible, and not too confusing, but better is either
           | "People should do it for themselves" or "One should do it for
           | oneself." The worst is something like "The manager decided
           | that they should do it for themselves" which I see a lot,
           | especially recently. Who is "they" referring to here? The
           | manager? Some other group? It's confusing.
           | 
           | Yes I know that singular "they" has existed for a long time
           | but nobody apparently told my English teachers who would
           | circle it in red every time I accidentally used it.
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | > Yes I know that singular "they" has existed for a long
             | time but nobody apparently told my English teachers who
             | would circle it in red every time I accidentally used it.
             | 
             | I remember reading in the 80s or 90s there was a movement
             | to actively eliminate it.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Yes, I learned (mostly from female teachers) that "he"
               | should be interpreted as gender-neutral if the gender of
               | a singular subject was unknown, e.g. "A writer should
               | always consider his audience" did not imply that only
               | males are writers. It would be nice if people could
               | charitably assume that, but I understand that it can be
               | problematic.
        
             | bigstrat2003 wrote:
             | > I'd have no objection to a singular gender-neutral word
             | (which unfortunately doesn't exist in English).
             | 
             | Yes it does. "He" is the gender neutral expression in
             | English and has been since forever. It's just that
             | politically correct people get bent out of shape about it.
        
               | djur wrote:
               | It isn't gender neutral, it's a gender default. Unless
               | you think it would be correct for the student handbook at
               | an all-girls school to read "every student shall store
               | his books in his assigned locker".
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | I do in fact think that would be correct.
        
               | rvba wrote:
               | It so weird that ships and boats somehow are female and
               | are referred to using the word "she", when neutral gender
               | "it" exists.
        
               | dfawcus wrote:
               | They are not female, they are an 'it', that is the
               | correct grammatical form.
               | 
               | Referring to them as women (hence 'she') is simply an
               | affectation.
        
             | olddustytrail wrote:
             | You didn't invent singular "they" as a child, you were
             | using it because that's what you'd naturally heard and
             | picked up.
             | 
             | Then ignorant teachers told you that you were wrong and
             | they were so successful in brainwashing you, that even
             | after you have learned you were actually correct, you are
             | still trying to argue you were wrong!
        
         | slfnflctd wrote:
         | No cap, fam.
         | 
         | Seriously, I think a lot of what drives these conversations is
         | that people get a bit emotional about what are really somewhat
         | randomly-formed preferences.
         | 
         | However you first encountered the usage of a word will likely
         | heavily influence what you think of as the 'correct'
         | definition, unless you work to overcome your bias by actually
         | studying the etymology and comparing it statistically against
         | current trends. Obviously very few peeps will be down with that
         | noise.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | I hate this word. When I'm reading a novel it's often hard to
       | tell which meaning the author intends, and whether a character is
       | confused by something or unbothered by something can be
       | important.
        
       | djur wrote:
       | The word is skunked at this point. Using it guarantees that
       | readers are going to have to pause and refer to the context, and
       | depending on the context it may not even be possible to
       | confidently disambiguate. Luckily both meanings have ample
       | synonyms.
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | ... I'm entirely nonplussed by your use of 'skunked'.
        
           | notnaut wrote:
           | What's awesome about words is we can just say whatever
           | bullshit we want and if anyone understands and repeats it,
           | bam, new words!
           | 
           | They don't start off in the dictionary!
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | I love "anon" for that reason.
             | 
             | "I will be there anon!"
             | 
             | If anyone complains about me being there either too early
             | or too late, or neither, I point them to the dictionary:
             | 
             | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anon
             | 
             | It can either mean "now", "soon", or "later".
        
           | djur wrote:
           | It's the term Bryan Garner uses for words that are
           | inconsistent in meaning in a way that makes them difficult to
           | use effectively:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunked_term
           | 
           | I'm not sure what his origin was for the term, but "skunked"
           | as an adjective to me indicates a beer that was spoiled by
           | exposure to light and/or heat. It's gone off.
        
           | allknowingfrog wrote:
           | It's a perfectly cromulent word.
        
         | mnw21cam wrote:
         | I think it should join "billion" in never being ever used again
         | due to its ambiguity.
        
           | kimbernator wrote:
           | It just doesn't have the same ring to call someone a
           | "milliardare"
        
           | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
           | How is "billion" ambiguous?
           | 
           | Does it mean something other than 1,000,000,000?
           | 
           | EDIT: Apparently in some cultures, it means a million
           | million, ie, 1,000,000,000,000, or what most people would
           | call "trillion".
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion
        
             | paulddraper wrote:
             | For the last several decades, every English speaking
             | country has used the short billion (1e9).
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | Yep, even the BBC surrendered to the Americanism.
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | I learned something here. But reading the archaic English
       | examples, I wonder if previous writers (the first ones to bring
       | the 'nonplussed' term to English) had a proper plague of editors
       | and language sticklers pouring through their writing. Because if
       | they had, they could have "canceled" those writers out of print
       | for borrowing yet another Latin wording.
        
       | slibhb wrote:
       | First they came for literally and I did nothing because I wasn't
       | a pedant.
       | 
       | Then they came for nonplussed and I still did nothing because I'm
       | still not a pedant.
       | 
       | I sure hope they don't come for pedant next.
        
         | beretguy wrote:
         | Not to be a pedant, but I see you are completely nonplussed
         | about all this.
        
           | ethbr1 wrote:
           | I'm not a literal pendant, but you have to admit it's a
           | nonplus.
        
         | huygens6363 wrote:
         | You are literally nonplussed.
        
           | seventytwo wrote:
           | A+
        
             | kalupa wrote:
             | A-plussed?
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | Minused
        
         | foobarian wrote:
         | That begs the question, what will you do about it?
        
           | jonhohle wrote:
           | Begging the question, he will continue to do nothing.
        
             | whamlastxmas wrote:
             | Irregardless of begging, they should of been less of a lose
             | cannon with they're word's
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I feel like I've been hit by a lose cannon all my life.
        
               | DamnInteresting wrote:
               | For all intensive purposes.
        
               | Mordisquitos wrote:
               | This is a moot point that should be tabled.
        
               | thrill wrote:
               | We'll circle back to that later for readdress.
        
               | WhitneyLand wrote:
               | The issue is unpresidented.
        
               | ezekiel68 wrote:
               | The MCM architecture of the chip can be recognized by the
               | multiple dice beneath the heat spreader.
        
               | arrowsmith wrote:
               | What a way to wreck havoc.
        
             | ilitirit wrote:
             | I bet he could care less.
        
               | AxEy wrote:
               | You beat me to it.
        
           | easeout wrote:
           | Some men just want to watch the dictionary burn
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | Not burn, _expand_. New usages for words make the
             | dictionary bigger.
        
           | vundercind wrote:
           | As per prior behavior, the poster's actions against this will
           | be comprised of nothing.
        
           | nvy wrote:
           | Could of, would of, should of.
        
           | scoofy wrote:
           | Hopefully, some of the people in this thread understood what
           | you were doing there.
        
           | gizajob wrote:
           | I'm fairly nonplussed at what has happened to "begging the
           | question" - its usage now is an inversion of its original
           | philosophical meaning as a form of fallacy. It's common usage
           | is a way of saying "the question arises".
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | I sanction this comment.
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | I take objection to the characterization of "begging the
             | question" having a changed/incorrect meaning. I assert that
             | the "original philosophical meaning" is the fad idiom, and
             | the common usage is a true parsing of the words unrelated
             | to the idiom.
             | 
             | "This begs the question of why X Y Z" is just a shortening
             | of "this [thing you said] begs [that] the question [be
             | asked] of why X Y Z".
             | 
             | I think the only reason there's any discussion about it at
             | all is because the sorts of people who are likely to use
             | the idiom of "begging the question" with regard to logic,
             | are the sort of people who enjoy being pedantic about other
             | people's language, and this presents an opportunity to do
             | so.
             | 
             | You could say I'm plussed about the whole thing. It brings
             | up a whelming amount of emotion in me.
        
               | gizajob wrote:
               | You might be correct, but it begs the question: where are
               | your citations for that?
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | You would like a citation that people with an interest in
               | rhetoric and logic tend to be pedantic and likely to
               | correct others if they see an opportunity to do so?
               | 
               | You must be new here :)
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | Explaining the joke:
           | 
           | "Begging the question" is an expression that properly means
           | "assuming the conclusion," i.e. circular reasoning.
           | 
           | However, the comment above deliberately uses the incorrect
           | meaning "raising the question."
        
         | shermantanktop wrote:
         | The word you really need to worry about is "nonpedant."
        
         | marcod wrote:
         | Please, non plus.
         | 
         | (original Latin meaning ;)
        
         | kazinator wrote:
         | No, they came for sentence-final prepositions, up for which
         | nobody was left to stand.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | Merriam-Webster brags in TFA about their descriptivist
       | reputation; and indeed, they are thw arch-descriptivists. But I'm
       | not aware of any contemporary publisher of dictionaries that
       | doesn't take a descriptivist stance.
       | 
       | This places pendants like me at a serious disadvantage; I can't
       | rely on a dictionary to help me win arguments about correct
       | usage.
       | 
       | "Nonplussed" is like "disgruntled"; you can't be plussed, and you
       | can't be gruntled.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | > "Nonplussed" is like "disgruntled"; you can't be plussed, and
         | you can't be gruntled.
         | 
         | Color me doubleplussed
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | C double plussed is a whole other language, the American
         | Engrish of Ye Olde English.
        
         | Strang wrote:
         | American Heritage is much better. They respond to usage, but
         | much more conservatively. And their entries will actually have
         | brief explanations from their "usage panel" about ambiguous or
         | changing meanings.
         | 
         | https://dictionary.com
        
           | Strang wrote:
           | Uh that was supposed to be https://ahdictionary.com
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | Collins dictionary is my go to. I avoid Miriam Webster.
         | Unfortunately MW appears to have won the SEO wars.
        
         | Y_Y wrote:
         | > It had been a rough day, so when I walked into the party I
         | was very chalant, despite my efforts to appear gruntled and
         | consolate.
         | 
         | > I was furling my wieldy umbrella for the coat check when I
         | saw her standing alone in a corner. She was a descript person,
         | a woman in a state of total array. Her hair was kempt, her
         | clothing shevelled, and she moved in a gainly way.
         | 
         | > I wanted desperately to meet her, but I knew I'd have to make
         | bones about it, since I was travelling cognito. Beknownst to
         | me, the hostess, whom I could see both hide and hair of, was
         | very proper, so it would be skin off my nose if anything bad
         | happened. And even though I had only swerving loyalty to her,
         | my manners couldn't be peccable. Only toward and heard-of
         | behavior would do.
         | 
         | etc.
         | 
         | - Jack Winter
        
           | Macha wrote:
           | One of these is not like the others. Toward as the opposite
           | of untoward appears in shakespeare
        
             | drivers99 wrote:
             | "kempt" as well. So I don't think the purpose is to only
             | use words that don't actually exist, but where the negative
             | is much more common.
             | 
             | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kempt
             | 
             | Google Books Ngram Viewer for kempt vs unkempt: https://boo
             | ks.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=kempt%2C+unkem...
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | > This places pendants like me at a serious disadvantage; I
         | can't rely on a dictionary to help me win arguments about
         | correct usage.
         | 
         | I feel like you're being sent a strong signal about what
         | "correct" means re usage but refusing to heed it.
         | 
         | Dictionaries aren't descriptivist because of an idealogical
         | commitment or whatever; a strictly prescriptivist stance is
         | simply not very useful for achieving the goals that a
         | dictionary has.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > simply not very useful for achieving the goals that a
           | dictionary has.
           | 
           | Apparently the dictionary's goals are not the same as my
           | goals. Sure, I want to know about incorrect usages; but I
           | also want to know that those usages are _incorrect_.
        
             | da_chicken wrote:
             | Simply put, that's not how English works.
             | 
             | Say that an English speaker speaks a sentence, and an
             | English listener understands it. If they both agree that it
             | was an English sentence -- including no jargon -- and they
             | both agree on the meaning of the sentence, then _that 's
             | correct English_. If the two individuals have also never
             | met before, then it's _certainly_ correct English.
             | 
             | That's what "defined by usage" means. English does not have
             | a language regulator or language academy.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | FWIW that's also how languages work that _do_ have an
               | academy. The academy may be a participant in the process
               | but they don 't control it, that's basically just a relic
               | of before we understood how languages work.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > that's basically just a relic of before we understood
               | how languages work
               | 
               | Relics that unfortunately maintain significant influence
               | in at least France and Germany.
               | 
               | When I grew up and was just learning to write,
               | orthography was "revamped" by literal committee, in some
               | cases even going so far as deriving a new spelling via
               | false etymologies.
               | 
               | It wasn't really a big deal for me practically, but it
               | just seems bizarre.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | > English does not have a language regulator
               | 
               | English does have lexicographers, though. I should be
               | able to turn to a dictionary to find out what "literally"
               | means, and it's regrettable that that inquiry will tell
               | me the word has two directly-opposed meanings, without
               | noting that one of them is _wrong_.
        
               | da_chicken wrote:
               | I think you are mistaking the map for the territory. I
               | think you are blaming the data (actual usage) when the
               | model is wrong (dictionaries).
               | 
               | "Literally" is allowed to have a valid and true
               | definition of "figuratively" because exaggeration and
               | hyperbole are used for rhetoric and expression. That's a
               | vital and popular way language is used, and in the case
               | of "literally" it is _so commonly encountered_ that it
               | worth noting in descriptive texts that it 's common.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | I understood what you meant I was just trying to gently
             | point out that it's not a goal that is valued or even taken
             | seriously by people who study language, including
             | lexicographers. Some curiosity about why that is could take
             | you pretty far here.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | I know why it is; I know that language changes, and I
               | know that one task of lexicographers is to record those
               | changes. But I don't think they should give the same
               | status to a usage that is just a decade old, and
               | restricted to casual chit-chat among teenagers, as one
               | would accord to a usage that is established over
               | centuries.
               | 
               | According to TFA, "nonplussed" is from Latin "non plus"
               | (no more), and it doesn't seem to have ever had that
               | meaning in English. So I don't really care about
               | "nonplussed". I do care about "literally" (by the
               | letter), and the fact that lexicographers treat its usage
               | to mean "figuratively" as perfectly legitimate. At least,
               | the dictionaries should point out that the version I
               | consider _wrong_ is slang.
               | 
               | The result is that the word "literally" can't now be used
               | in precise discourse, and you have to find some awkward
               | circumlocution. This kind of abuse makes the language
               | less expressive, and is cause for regret.
               | 
               | Why can't the English learn to speak?
               | 
               | ~ Prof. Henry Higgins
        
               | topaz0 wrote:
               | I had to check m-w's entry for "literally". While they do
               | include a sense 2 that is similar to "figuratively",
               | there is a substantial note afterwards and an FAQ that
               | does a great job of explaining the status of the two
               | senses and a touch of their history. They give some facts
               | that contradict your above, as well (related to the
               | timeline, as well as what constitutes slang). In case
               | you're interested: https://www.merriam-
               | webster.com/dictionary/literally
               | 
               | I do think this is what the dictionary should say. It
               | describes actual usage, including disagreements about it.
               | 
               | By the way, I do think there is a place for linguistic
               | prescriptions, it's just in style guides rather than
               | dictionaries. E.g., fine for the Economist to decide
               | "literally" will only be used in its literal sense in
               | their pages.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | I don't want my granddaughters never learning the meaning
               | of "figuratively" because it's fallen out of use, having
               | been replaced by "literally".
        
         | sltkr wrote:
         | > you can't be gruntled.
         | 
         | Why? It's a perfectly cromulent word: https://comb.io/tVAKjq
        
         | djur wrote:
         | Not to be a pedant about the spelling of "pedant", but...
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | But... it's not customary around here to pull people up for
           | typos. At least, I avoid it unless it's funny.
        
             | topaz0 wrote:
             | I usually don't correct other people's typos, but they
             | _are_ much more funny when they 're made by pedants.
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | Fair!
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > This places pendants like me at a serious disadvantage; I
         | can't rely on a dictionary to help me win arguments about
         | correct usage.
         | 
         | First, unless you are dangling from a piece of jewelry,
         | "pedants", not "pendants".
         | 
         | Second, stop worrying about "correct" usage and worry about
         | clear and effective communication. It's a lot less useful and
         | convincing to argue that a usage is wrong by some arbitrary
         | standard than to argue, e.g., that it promotes confusion where
         | an alternative expression would be more clear to the target
         | audience. Not only is it a more useful approach, it also lets
         | you get benefit from dictionaries again.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > "pedants", not "pendants"
           | 
           | I noticed my fat-finger mistake, but it was too late to edit.
           | 
           | > worry about clear and effective communication
           | 
           | Oh, I do. That's why I object to using "literally" to mean
           | "figuratively", i.e. the exact opposite.
           | 
           | I mean, I don't object to ignorant people using words
           | ignorantly; but lexicographers know better, and should be
           | calling out ignorant usages.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | > "Nonplussed" is like "disgruntled"; you can't be plussed, and
         | you can't be gruntled.
         | 
         | And this is we end up with words like 'combobulate'.
        
       | airstrike wrote:
       | _> was taken from the Latin non plus, which means "no more."_
       | 
       | "No more" can have many slightly different meanings... I think
       | this specifically means "no further/not more" rather than "no
       | longer"
        
       | BiteCode_dev wrote:
       | Anytime this word is used it sounds so much newspeak to me I
       | forget it's a real one.
        
       | falcor84 wrote:
       | Despite being well-written, TFA left me nonplussed
        
       | metabagel wrote:
       | I was only aware of the new definition, not the original one. I
       | think the new definition has taken strong root in the U.S.
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpaired_word
        
       | jihadjihad wrote:
       | Another one is "upshot". It's sometimes not even worth using the
       | word because people think it means "upside".
        
       | poszlem wrote:
       | Funnily enough, as a non-native speaker, I always thought
       | "nonplussed" was a kind of Orwellian newspeak (like
       | "doubleplusgood").
        
         | lgeorget wrote:
         | As a French, and as to uphold our reputation as an arrogant
         | bunch, I though it was adopted from the French language. "moi
         | non plus" means "me neither" so "I'm nonplussed" = "I have no
         | idea either".
        
       | kloch wrote:
       | > Mistake it may well be, but the fact remains that this sense of
       | the word is in widespread use today, and may be found often
       | enough in well regarded and highly edited, publications.
       | 
       | I would say you are _most_ likely to find this usage of that word
       | in well regarded and highly edited, publications.
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | I totally get nonplussed confused with notplussed:
       | !i++;
        
       | Izkata wrote:
       | > By the early 17th century nonplus was being used as a verb,
       | with the meaning of "to cause to be at a loss as to what to say,
       | think, or do." Then, as now, the word is often encountered in its
       | participial form (nonplussed), with a meaning that is nearly
       | synonymous with "perplexed."
       | 
       | I never knew this meaning - as far as I remember I've always
       | interpreted it as some form of "unconcerned" / "that's not
       | relevant to me". I guess by outward appearance "at a loss for
       | words" and "unconcerned" are kinda similar, even if the cause is
       | different, which is why it's always fit well-enough in context.
        
       | ilitirit wrote:
       | On a tangential note, one of my pet peeves is the way that many
       | people (mostly Americans?) pronounce words like "processes" as
       | "process-eez".
       | 
       | Words with Greek roots that end in _-is_ or _-es_ generally use
       | the _-eez_ suffix. e.g. analysis - > analyses; thesis -> theses
       | 
       | In the case of Latin, it's _-ix_ or _-ex_. e.g. index - indices,
       | appendix - appendices.
       | 
       | There are of course exceptions and outliers (suffix -> suffixes;
       | octopus -> octopodes!?), but words like "process" and "bias" do
       | not fall into the categories mentioned, so there's no reason to
       | use the non-standard "processeez" and "biaseez". Unless - IMO -
       | you want to sound like a snob... Think about it - how does one
       | pronounce words like "successes" or "princesses"?
       | 
       | One could argue that language evolves - this is true, but in
       | general language evolves to have _simpler_ rules with _fewer_
       | exceptions rather than the other way around.
       | 
       | Stop, let's all try to stop the madnesseez.
        
         | mbork_pl wrote:
         | Sort of related: I once heard someone pronounce "testicles"
         | like a name of a Greek hero (think Heracles), just for the
         | lulz. I found it hilarious...
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | Rhyming chipotle with aristotle is another good joke in this
           | vein. You can mangle either one it's hilarious both ways.
        
             | buescher wrote:
             | Chipoteles!
        
         | emmelaich wrote:
         | This may be an attempt to distinguish it phonetically from
         | processORs.
        
           | masfuerte wrote:
           | Maybe they were actually saying _processees_ (whom
           | _processors_ act upon).
        
         | umanwizard wrote:
         | I've noticed it too and it seems to be getting more common. I'm
         | pretty sure it's just hypercorrection.
        
         | BobbyTables2 wrote:
         | Let me guess, you're one of them -- those that pronounce
         | "adjective" as aject-ive... :-)
        
           | ilitirit wrote:
           | I not sure what you're talking about. I'm referring to things
           | where pronunciation is generally based on the etymology. I
           | don't think the word "adjective" falls into this category.
           | One could _perhaps_ make a case for aluminum vs aluminium
           | (cf: platinum), but those are pretty much different words
           | that refer to the same thing.
           | 
           | "Process-eez" is the same word as "processes" with a
           | pronunciation based on a misunderstanding (presumably) of the
           | etymological "rules".
        
         | whlr wrote:
         | I don't think it's true that languages get simpler over time.
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | By and large they do. English, like all indo European
           | languages, used to have many grammatical cases and verb
           | forms. Now we mostly retain cases in pronouns, and most verbs
           | are about two forms per tense.
           | 
           | Latin used to have all its cases suffixes, and today's
           | Romance languages have dropped nearly all of them.
        
             | whlr wrote:
             | Not a linguist, but I think this is just a matter of proto-
             | indo-european having complicated morphology and its
             | descendants reverting to the mean.
             | 
             | A related reddit thread (I know, I know, sorry): https://ol
             | d.reddit.com/r/linguistics/comments/o12hy0/instanc...
             | 
             | It's worth noting of course that there is more to grammar
             | than morphology.
        
             | umanwizard wrote:
             | English has simple verb and noun morphology, but very
             | complicated syntax and phonology. Hard to say that it's
             | uniformly more or less complex than Latin.
        
         | DFHippie wrote:
         | > Unless - IMO - you want to sound like a snob...
         | 
         | Really? I think it's the opposite. One does things like this
         | because one is afraid of being assailed by pedants and made to
         | feel inferior. This is why, I think, I hear people, mostly
         | British, say things like "to so-and-so and I". They're afraid
         | to use the wrong form or the pronoun and be scolded, so they
         | overcorrect.
         | 
         | And about this:
         | 
         | > in general language evolves to have simpler rules with fewer
         | exceptions rather than the other way around.
         | 
         | I don't think that's generally true. Rather, language changes
         | in many ways, but one of them is the accumulation of exceptions
         | to a formerly simple system. This gives us the complex
         | paradigms of "be" and "go", for example.
        
           | ilitirit wrote:
           | > One does things like this because one is afraid of being
           | assailed by pedants and made to feel inferior.
           | 
           | Do you pronounce "tortoise" like "bourgeoise" because you
           | don't want to sound inferior?
           | 
           | I jest, but it's like your argument is making my case for me.
           | Replace "snob" with "pedant" to see what I mean.
        
             | smrq wrote:
             | I enjoy intentionally mispronouncing words to my fiancee,
             | and this one is _definitely_ going into the rotation, so
             | thank you for that! (Now, to figure out how to get
             | "tortoise" into casual conversation.)
        
             | mauvehaus wrote:
             | One of the comediennes on Wait Wait, Don't Tell Me
             | delightfully pronounced tortoise TOR-toys. Apparently she'd
             | never heard it spoken aloud before.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | That's a really interesting observation.
         | 
         | Notably, it's only the noun plural that becomes "-eez" ("these
         | processes"), while the verb present tense remains "-iz" ("she
         | processes his application").
         | 
         | It seems to be going along with the gradual adoption of "often"
         | with a "t" sound -- "off-tuhn" instead of "off-uhn".
         | 
         | Nobody said it with a "t" when and where I grew up (or on TV
         | that I remember), because obviously the second syllable of
         | "often" was the same as in "soften", "moisten", "hasten",
         | "fasten", "glisten", and so forth. All silent t's.
         | 
         | But now it's at the point where probably a majority of people I
         | hear on television and podcasts, as well as in my personal
         | life, pronounce the "t". But only in "often" -- not in a single
         | one of the other words I listed.
         | 
         | Both "often" and "processes" seem to fall in the category of
         | hypercorrection, where people are trying to sound more correct.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Are we talking about pro-cesses or praw-cesses?
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | I've heard both, and the "-esseez" plural just seems less
         | ambiguous on poor videoconferencing lines and recordings.
         | "-esses" is a mouthful to pronounce.
        
       | frereubu wrote:
       | For those who want to go down a small Wikipedia rabbit hole about
       | dictionaries, I found this an interesting article on pre-Johnson
       | dictionaries:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_English_dictionaries
        
       | jason2323 wrote:
       | Nobody come for nonchalant!
        
       | nh23423fefe wrote:
       | I thought this word meant "bothered" in the 1984 sense of
       | plus=good
       | 
       | i dont think ive ever seen the definition prior
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Yes, I also took it as wordplay on Doublespeak that found its
         | way into casual slang.
        
       | bubble12345 wrote:
       | People use it as a synonym for 'unaffected'. Sometimes it is
       | unclear what is intended, so personally I never write or say
       | 'nonplussed'.
       | 
       | To be honest, at this point I think it's a useless word!
        
       | pvillano wrote:
       | Looks like the word carries its original meaning _non plus_
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | Guess I have to add this to my list of "popular words that I have
       | no idea what a given person means by them". It is interesting how
       | they evolve and come and go.
        
       | nonplus wrote:
       | I'm doing alright, thanks for asking.
        
       | talkingtab wrote:
       | Words and meaning. This talks about how words come to mean
       | something else. Nonplussed was "not knowing what to do". Now it
       | is becoming "unruffled".
       | 
       | But it raises a question. Do words evolve by mistake, or do they
       | evolve because we need to say something and we don't have the
       | right word for it? Unruffled, unaffected, unimpressed - for me
       | all have a sense of ignoring a situation. Nixon was unaffected by
       | student protests. As opposed to "not knowing what to do"
       | 
       | And part of the problem is shades of meaning. Was someone steady
       | in an unexpected situation? Or were they in a quandary and
       | steady. Or were they just steady from stupidity?
       | 
       | And isn't it interesting how words abound for how people react to
       | situations? And do deduce the same meaning as other people? Like
       | the thing about Eskimos have 200 words for snow?
       | 
       | I was unaffected by the gift of an ice cream cone. I was
       | unimpressed by the .. I was unruffled ... I was nonplussed ...
       | 
       | Perhaps to fully consider and understand nonplussed we must know
       | what plussed means. I was affected ... I was impressed ... I was
       | ruffled ... I was plussed?
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | I think there are at least two forces that lead to words
         | changing meaning:
         | 
         | 1. We are looking to express a emotion but want to empathize it
         | more. Existing words get "used up" because we tend to inflate
         | the strength. This is how we get words like "sick!", "awesome"
         | (which changed meaning quite a while ago). Either new words get
         | created or existing ones get taken over.
         | 
         | 2. Some people literally don't understand the original meaning
         | and their usage takes over. Supposedly this has happened with
         | "literally".
         | 
         | My guess is that "nonplussed" is experiencing a little of both.
         | Also "unruffled" IMO sounds terrible to modern ears (saying
         | that as a ESL person though). Sounds like someone got out of
         | bed and their hair is still excellent.
         | 
         | Edit: after talking about this with my author wife, I think
         | "unruffled" and "nonplussed" also mean sightly different things
         | to me. "Unruffled" acknowledges that there might be reason to
         | care. "Nonplussed" to me is a lot more dismissive. Which kinda
         | makes it fit my reason 1 for me.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | > Some people literally don't understand the original meaning
           | and their usage takes over. Supposedly this has happened with
           | "literally".
           | 
           | What happened with literally is not that people didn't
           | understand it's meaning and started using it with some other
           | meaning. What happened with it is what happened with "very" a
           | much longer time ago: it started being used as a generic
           | augmentative adverb and started losing its specific meaning.
           | 
           | When I say "this coffee is so bitter I'll literally die", I'm
           | using literally as an augmentative, as an exaggeration.
           | Similarly, originally when you used "very bitter" it would
           | mean "truly bitter", but overtime it started becoming just a
           | formulaic way of strengthening the meaning of bitter.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | I think what's happening today is almost all #2, but I'd
           | argue it's not really that language is evolving, but just
           | that people are continuously making mistakes, and somehow
           | correcting them has become this weird taboo. You're a pedant
           | or "grammar Nazi" for pointing out incorrect usage and
           | grammar, so nobody learns and people keep making the same
           | mistakes again and again.
           | 
           | Language evolves, but it evolves very slowly. Middle English
           | didn't just turn into Modern English in a year, it happened
           | over hundreds of years. What we're seeing today is probably
           | noise due to a (hopefully temporary) illiteracy and education
           | problem. If the language is really evolving such that
           | "literally" turns into its opposite, we won't know this for
           | decades.
        
             | jrgoff wrote:
             | From the article - "nonplus" evolved from a noun to a verb
             | within the frame of the late 16th century to the early 17th
             | century. A fairly short stretch of years.
             | 
             | Also I think we probably have far more literacy over the
             | time frame of this nonplussed change than at pretty much
             | any other time in history. So it seems strange to me to
             | blame these shifts on illiteracy.
        
             | djur wrote:
             | The period that "nonplussed" started developing this
             | contrary meaning was the most literate and educated period
             | in human history.
        
           | 5040 wrote:
           | Here's how Horace puts it:
           | 
           |  _As leaves in the woods are changed with the fleeting years;
           | the earliest fall off first: in this manner words perish with
           | old age, and those lately invented flourish and thrive, like
           | men in the time of youth. We, and our works, are doomed to
           | death: whether Neptune, admitted into the continent, defends
           | our fleet from the north winds, a kingly work; or the lake,
           | for a long time unfertile and fit for oars, now maintains its
           | neighboring cities and feels the heavy plow; or the river,
           | taught to run in a more convenient channel, has changed its
           | course which was so destructive to the fruits. Mortal works
           | must perish: much less can the honor and elegance of language
           | be long-lived. Many words shall revive, which now have fallen
           | off; and many which are now in esteem shall fall off, if it
           | be the will of custom, in whose power is the decision and
           | right and standard of language._
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > Supposedly this has happened with "literally".
           | 
           | Allegedly also with "factoid", which means "something which
           | _resembles_ a fact " versus the misuse of "a _small_ fact ".
           | 
           | It's frustrating because it's like watching people declare
           | that aster-oids are _actual stars_ , except smaller. Or that
           | human-oids and andr-oids are small people.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | Finally! Finally I've found a fellow factoid correct /
             | original meaning aficionado!
             | 
             | I ceased to die on the hill but it still makes me twitch.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | I like to soften the blow by noting at least we can _all_
               | agree that saying  "a factoid is a small fact" is a
               | factoid.
        
           | djur wrote:
           | "Unruffled" is an odd word. I know what it means but I
           | wouldn't use it as the definition for another word. "Unfazed"
           | feels like a stronger word meaning the same thing.
           | 
           | I think people just didn't know what "nonplussed" meant and
           | analyzed a new meaning for it based on the belief that "non-"
           | was a prefix.
        
         | mechanicalpulse wrote:
         | > Do words evolve by mistake, or do they evolve because we need
         | to say something and we don't have the right word for it?
         | 
         | Both, I believe. See also linguistic descriptivism versus
         | prescriptivism. And the words cromulent and embiggen.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | It's almost certain that the meaning of some words does evolve
         | by mistake, and "nonplussed" may be an example of that. We
         | learn the meaning of many words purely from context, and for
         | some words, the typical contexts they appear in lend themselves
         | to misinterpretation, in combination with what their linguistic
         | form inherently suggests (like the "non-" in "nonplussed").
         | When sufficiently repeated with the mistaken meaning, that new
         | meaning is likely to become established.
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | > But it raises a question. Do words evolve by mistake, or do
         | they evolve because we need to say something and we don't have
         | the right word for it?
         | 
         | Mostly the former, from what I can tell. People hear a "fancy"
         | word, misunderstand it based on limited context, begin to use
         | it where a less-fancy word would do (for whatever reason), and
         | before long one cannot use the word in the original sense
         | without being misunderstood by most audiences.
         | 
         | This typically results in _reduced_ space for expression, as a
         | distinct word with its own shades of meaning is turned into
         | just "fancy [other word or phrase]".
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | Except nonplussed isn't a fancy word with pedigree, it's
           | something that you would assume originated in 1984 as one of
           | the words in the simplified language for proles.
        
             | djur wrote:
             | Why do you say that?
        
               | spudlyo wrote:
               | Not the GP, but imagine it has to do with "Newspeak"
               | using the prefixes "plus" and "doubleplus" for emphasis.
               | Nonplussed may have had a similar ring to "plusungood".
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | It looks and sounds vaguely French-derived (even if it
             | isn't) but doesn't end in -ment. That puts it in the
             | "fancy" category for a lot of folks.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | > I was unaffected by the gift of an ice cream cone. I was
         | unimpressed by the .. I was unruffled ... I was nonplussed ...
         | 
         | Exactly, if being unimpressed leads to you having nothing to
         | say, then being unimpressed leads you to being nonplussed. If
         | you're nonplussed then that might be due to being unimpressed.
         | Thus being nonplussed can become a way of saying that one is
         | unimpressed -- "nonplused" is a more impressive SAT word than
         | "unimpressed" (which isn't an SAT word), so it's rather useful
         | as a way to express just how unimpressed one really is: so
         | unimpressed as to bring out a ten dollar word for expressing
         | the level of unimpressedness.
        
         | dekervin wrote:
         | I have a pet theory that words in a language obey to both an
         | etymological logic and a "poetic" logic. Sometimes the two
         | don't coincide and the accepted meaning of the word drift
         | toward the poetic imagery.
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | Save yourself and your readers by not using this "word."
        
       | rurp wrote:
       | Hearing the word nonplussed always reminds me of this scene in
       | Archer,
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kCwpregWfKc
        
         | caymanjim wrote:
         | That's the only time I can recall ever encountering the word in
         | the wild. I've probably seen it in passing, in a newspaper
         | column or a novel, but Archer is the only reference I
         | distinctly remember. It's not a widely-known or widely-used
         | word.
        
           | bigDinosaur wrote:
           | I never hear it in conversation or presentations or anything
           | like that, but have encountered it reasonably often in
           | novels.
        
       | booleandilemma wrote:
       | When speaking, much like when writing code, I try to keep things
       | simple. This means using small, common words so that I can be
       | sure that people understand me when I talk.
       | 
       | Most of my coworkers aren't fluent in English anyway, so it helps
       | to not confuse them.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | "recent usage"? When was this article written?
       | 
       | Dates on your articles bloggers!
        
         | ChrisArchitect wrote:
         | (2017)
        
         | JW_00000 wrote:
         | There are dated examples in the article.
        
       | rjmill wrote:
       | I knew it! Context clues typically imply the ("wrong") meaning,
       | so I misinterpreted this word for a while until I used it out
       | loud, and my pedantic family corrected me.
       | 
       | But so many usages of the word are vague, and the difference
       | between "perplexed" and "ambivalent" is not super important in
       | most stories. (Whoever is nonplussed is not likely to take action
       | on the situation.)
       | 
       | I had a feeling that some authors were using it "wrong." The
       | article does a good job of finding examples where the author's
       | intent was clear. But it's nigh impossible to figure out the
       | intent in most cases. It's fascinating how so many different
       | interpretations can thrive, while not being important enough to
       | correct in most cases.
       | 
       | In my head, "nonplussed" is equivalent to a blank stare. The
       | described person is either not paying attention, or the situation
       | went completely over their head.
        
         | tremon wrote:
         | Funny. In my head, nonplussed was near-synonymous with
         | unimpressed. So in my interpretation they were neither not
         | paying attention, nor in over their head -- but the blank stare
         | remains nonetheless. That still closer to your interpretation
         | than "baffled, perplexed" as it apparently originally meant.
        
           | gms7777 wrote:
           | I always read it as meaning something like "unfazed" before
           | seeing someone get corrected on it.
        
         | camdenreslink wrote:
         | Another word that is often used incorrectly. "Ambivalent"
         | doesn't mean "unruffled" or "unbothered". It actually means to
         | have two (possibly strong) contradictory emotions. It's more
         | like "bittersweet" or to be "of two minds".
        
       | ajmurmann wrote:
       | I'd love to see a demographic and geographic analysis of usage of
       | the two meanings.
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | A few years ago I named my number puzzle app "Numplussed" which I
       | thought was a good name because the UK meaning of Nonplussed is
       | "puzzled". And obviously you've got the word 'plussed' in there
       | which is good for a maths game, and I changed the first bit from
       | Non to Num.
       | 
       | But then of course it turns out to a lot of the USA it means "not
       | fussed" which is a terrible name to give to an app.
        
       | crznp wrote:
       | It is strange that they would claim that "non" is not a prefix
       | but a Latin word with the same meaning as the prefix that is
       | stuck on the front of the word.
       | 
       | It can still be a seperate word, but Latin "persona non grata"
       | has the same basic meaning in English. The Latin "non plus"
       | doesn't mean perplexed or unconcerned (e: or unimpressed), so it
       | would be even more confusing to write it that way.
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
       | This corruption of nonplussed is so annoying to me that I'd just
       | as rather abandon its usage and consign it to an _archaic_
       | listing in the dictionary. Especially because this response can
       | be both described as nonplussed according to its original
       | definition, and not by its emergent!
        
       | ilitirit wrote:
       | I've always thought that people misunderstood _nonplussed_
       | because they interpret it as  "not fussed".
        
       | anon946 wrote:
       | Bemused (https://www.merriam-webster.com/grammar/can-bemuse-mean-
       | amus...) is another word that is often understood "incorrectly".
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | I learned that "peruse" meant the exact opposite of what I
         | thought when I got my GRE vocab study guide
        
         | unzadunza wrote:
         | Travesty is another one, thanks to sports announcers.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | A list of ones I've seen in this thread or know of already:
         | * Nonplussed (miffed)            * Ambivalent (conflicted)
         | * Factoid (incorrect statement)            * Bemused (confused)
         | * Peruse (read thoroughly)            * Travesty (distortion)
         | * Transpire (to be revealed)            * Literally (in actual
         | fact)
         | 
         | There's also "beg the question" which is often used to mean
         | "naturally give rise to the question" but I believe originally
         | meant "assumes the answer which it is trying to prove".
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | Don't forget "could care less", which is profoundly stupid as
           | the _literal meaning of the words_ tells one that they are
           | using the phrase wrong.
        
           | technothrasher wrote:
           | The modern colloquial usage of "begs the question" bugs the
           | heck out of me. I try not to get too pedantic about language
           | usage, but that one just sticks in my craw. I think because
           | it's actually quite useful to understand when one is begging
           | the question, and it feels a disservice to water down the
           | phrase.
        
       | cbolton wrote:
       | The article is super confusing. The anecdote about the drifting
       | meaning of "nonplussed" is interesting, but the way it's framed
       | as an example of mistake related to prefixes just doesn't make
       | sense.
       | 
       | I mean they don't give any evidence of a connection between the
       | "wrong" usage of nonplussed and the "wrong" understanding of
       | "non"?
        
       | ignormies wrote:
       | > This new sense appears to stem from a mistaken belief that the
       | first three letters of nonplus are there to indicate that someone
       | is something other than "plussed" (although what being plussed
       | would entail here remains a mystery)
       | 
       | This is what's called a "lost positive". Rob Words on YouTube has
       | a pretty good video on this topic:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7TfjCIbtng
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | I could less.
       | 
       | So much less!
        
       | fumeux_fume wrote:
       | I wonder if the more recent misuses (i.e., meaning unimpressed)
       | stem from the extensive use of "+" in marketing. Apple uses "+"
       | and "pro" a lot. Collins dictionary has "nonpro" as word, but not
       | "nonproed" yet. Ripe for disruption.
        
       | mkaic wrote:
       | Fascinating. I am _only_ familiar with this definition of the
       | word! To me,  "nonplussed" has always meant "unimpressed,
       | indifferent", adjacent (but not quite identical) in meaning to
       | "nonchalant".
       | 
       | I love watching language evolve before my very eyes, it's
       | _literally_ the coolest thing ever!
        
       | Uehreka wrote:
       | I just never use the word, and tell others not to use it as well.
       | There are synonyms for whatever you're trying to say, just use
       | those.
        
       | tejohnso wrote:
       | In my mind it came from the French non plus, meaning neither.
       | Often heard when responding "me neither", as the "me" would be a
       | very short syllable at the beginning of the response. I can
       | imagine people hearing "non plus" and seeing uninterested or
       | unfazed people uttering it, sharing lack of enthusiasm with
       | someone else.
        
         | arrowsmith wrote:
         | According to this source it comes directly from Latin:
         | https://www.etymonline.com/word/nonplus
        
           | bzhang255 wrote:
           | Well, also according to the article itself :)
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | Faced with this kind of irritating confusion, one must try to
       | stay nonchalant rather than nonplussed.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | It's the shittiest way that language changes: when the majority
       | of people using a word are pretending that they know what it
       | means in order to impress other people, rather than using a
       | simpler word that they know. They seem to be confusing it with a
       | Newspeak word, which is even more dark.
       | 
       | I'm upset that we're losing "disinterested" to people looking for
       | a snooty way to say that they're not impressed.
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | It's clear that the word references the straightforward _non
       | plus_ meaning  "no more". You've come to a dead end; you don't
       | know what to think or do.
       | 
       | It might actually be from _non plus ultra_ : nothing more beyond.
       | 
       | When you've reached the _non plus ultra_ point in your journey,
       | your ass has been nonplussed.
        
       | ezekiel68 wrote:
       | I am plussed that this author spent so many words "debunking" the
       | notion of prefix in the English variants, when his etymology
       | revealed that said prefix did exist and was significant.
        
       | LASR wrote:
       | Also, "peruse". Half the time I have no idea if they looked
       | through it carefully or they just skimmed through it.
       | 
       | Also "the proof is in the pudding" this is opposite to what the
       | original meaning was - which is that the proof is not in the
       | pudding. It's in the eating.
       | 
       | Can't really even tell what people even mean these days.
        
       | cryptonector wrote:
       | Is it a stretch though? If one is impressed by something, then
       | one might have something to say about it too, so having nothing
       | to say (being nonplussed) because of being unimpressed... That
       | is, if being unimpressed generally leads to one being nonplussed,
       | then maybe being unimpressed can be expressed as being
       | nonplussed.
        
       | Gimpei wrote:
       | I don't normally care about meaning shifts as it's part of
       | language evolving. But nonplussed really does bother me, as the
       | new meaning is the opposite of the original meaning. So I often
       | have no idea what people mean when they use the word. Is it so
       | hard to use a dictionary? All you have to do is click on the
       | word.
        
         | barryrandall wrote:
         | It's apparently so hard to use a dictionary that people
         | accidentally created a new meaning for a word.
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | > the new meaning is the opposite of the original meaning
         | 
         | From a certain point of view. Or:
         | 
         | The original meaning is a negative reaction.
         | 
         | The new meaning is a neutral reaction.
        
       | selimthegrim wrote:
       | I feel less bad about "misusing" this word now (I had thought it
       | meant indifferent instead of confused)
        
       | lachaux wrote:
       | As a non native English speaker, nonplus is among the words and
       | phases I try my best not to use. The others include biweekly,
       | next Tuesday, twelve o'clock, etc.
        
         | dfawcus wrote:
         | That is why we have fortnight, hence fortnightly, so biweekly
         | can mean twice weekly.
         | 
         | However that then all falls apart once we have US based folks
         | in the conversation, especially if one of them used 'biweekly'!
        
       | Modified3019 wrote:
       | Apparently, "several" does not in fact originally come from
       | "around seven", but came from "sever" (as in to
       | fork/split/break), so it originally meant "2 or more".
       | 
       | But because of how it sounds, the meaning basically morphed into
       | "seven-ish".
        
         | Valodim wrote:
         | Huh. Can't say I have ever thought or heard of several as
         | "sevenish".
        
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