[HN Gopher] Principles for Keyboard Layouts (2022)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Principles for Keyboard Layouts (2022)
        
       Author : skilled
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2024-04-28 07:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (anniecherkaev.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (anniecherkaev.com)
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | I made my own keyboard, and came to the same realization
       | regarding special keys. Now the parentheses are on my shift keys
       | (press the left shift for opening parenthesis, right shift for
       | closing parenthesis), and the brackets (square and curly) are
       | tab+hjkl. That's much more convenient than hunting around with my
       | pinky, and I don't have to press a button multiple times to
       | switch in and out of a layer.
        
         | eviks wrote:
         | Or you could use some right-thumb-hold (or no hold, but one-
         | tap) button with the more rows and skip the pinkies, and even
         | add closing brackets for the same combo to offset the modifier
         | cost
        
       | kugla wrote:
       | I believe that https://github.com/manna-harbour/miryoku should be
       | mentioned here.
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | Adjacent: https://github.com/davidphilipbarr/Sweep
         | 
         | Sweep is a 34-key split PCB design that you can print and
         | assemble yourself.
         | 
         | Happy user for over 3 years.
        
       | dm319 wrote:
       | Reminded me of an interesting way to optimise a layout[1] here. I
       | feel like something similar expanded to also optimise balancing
       | between hands etc could work well.
       | 
       | [1] https://youtu.be/EOaPb9wrgDY?si=x1hY8SP5noPWamWP
        
       | Symmetry wrote:
       | Interesting, but I think if I were to re-learn touch typing I'd
       | go all the way and move to a chording keyboard.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorded_keyboard
        
         | ivanjermakov wrote:
         | Chording is efficient if you soley write text. It doesn't fit
         | for text editing and writing text with lots of punctuation
         | (code).
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | I dunno, not having to move your fingers from their positions
           | seems like a big advantage even if you can't get the full X00
           | wpm an expert can get in regular text.
        
             | ivanjermakov wrote:
             | I agree that reduced finger movement is a crucial step in
             | achieving typing efficiency. This is nicely solved by mod
             | tap modifiers in QMK/ZMK[1] where key acts as a char when
             | tapped and as a layer while pressed.
             | 
             | [1]: https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/docs/m
             | od_tap...
        
         | thetacitman wrote:
         | Its not bad, and I would recommend it once someone starts going
         | crazy with the layers. Instead of having layers, you have
         | dictionaries that have sets of chords that all follow a similar
         | pattern. For example, this is my symbol "layer":
         | https://steno.sammdot.ca/emily-symbols.png Typing on a real
         | keyboard is too much work, and I try to avoid it if at all
         | possible. Few people seem to know this, but you can also chord
         | single letters, it is just slower than chording a full word or
         | phrase. I have dictionaries for cursor movement, almost any
         | shortcut combination, html tags, cli programs, diacritics, etc.
         | I don't know why it is not more popular.
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | I would like to see something that records your keystrokes and
       | gives you stats on what you type the most. Then spits out a
       | keyboard arrangement to start from.
       | 
       | Not sure how you'd get around it being a huge security risk?
       | Maybe only write totals for keypresses every 30 minutes?
       | 
       | Edited to add: Does anyone daily-drive a Keyboardio Model 100? I
       | really liked the concept and participated in the kickstarter, but
       | unfortunately found I didn't enjoy using it that much.
       | 
       | I've settled on a Keychron Q10 with the Alice layout[1]. It's a
       | nice compromise between the full on split and standard keyboards.
       | It's nice and heavy, with QMK/VIA customization, and some useful
       | macro keys I assign to some Emacs shortcuts like M-x and C-g. I
       | do wish it had a thumb wheel and/or some Moonlander-style thumb
       | keys below the space bars.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.keychron.com/products/keychron-q10-alice-
       | layout-...
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > I would like to see something that records your keystrokes
         | and gives you stats on what you type the most. ... Not sure how
         | you'd get around it being a huge security risk?
         | 
         | A small program that locally collects data and lets you analyze
         | it locally is pretty much a definition of a computer! IMHO this
         | is not the place to worry about a security risk.
         | 
         | Note that the author had video of herself typing and it
         | probably didn't trigger the "security risk" reflex because it's
         | so obviously safe -- safe enough to post in this case. I mean
         | I'm typing right now and when I push the "reply" button _the
         | result of my typing will be posted right to the Internet with
         | no access restriction!_.
         | 
         | Anyway, with that out of the way: I like your idea. With the
         | raw data stream you can look not just for simple frequency but
         | n-grams as well. The same data stream could be used to design
         | single-handed chord keyboards as well, and even malleable
         | layouts for programs with shitty key assignments (I refuse to
         | call them "shortcuts").
        
         | 000ooo000 wrote:
         | >gives you stats
         | 
         | You might enjoy toying around with this:
         | https://patorjk.com/keyboard-layout-analyzer
         | 
         | Config in the top right lets you load other layouts.
        
           | tiltowait wrote:
           | It also has a "personalized layout", though when I tried it a
           | few years ago (using a chapter from a novel I wrote as
           | input), I was unimpressed and stuck with Colemak.
        
         | bbojan wrote:
         | I've built exactly that, but need to polish it a bit before
         | releasing. Hopefully will have time to do it soon.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | The problem with that - the same problem layouts like Dvorak
         | have but worse - is that I sometimes have to use other
         | computers. Any custom layout will be great for me - once I put
         | forth the effort to learn it of course, but since it will only
         | be for me nobody else can use my computer (This computer I'm
         | using now I don't care as only I touch it). However I have
         | computers that others in my family also use, computers at work
         | where sometimes I share a keyboard. All of that becomes
         | impossible and that negative is greater than any potential
         | benefit.
        
           | francis-io wrote:
           | Wouldn't a small script that lets you toggle between a QWERTY
           | layout and a custom layout solve this problem?
        
             | MSFT_Edging wrote:
             | Only if it's someone using your machine, rather than you
             | using another's machine and re-adjusting to querty.
        
               | 2024throwaway wrote:
               | My top menu bar has a toggle to switch layouts, so anyone
               | can use my machine. I can also still type QWERTY, so I
               | can use any other machine. These are non-problems.
        
           | erksa wrote:
           | It's my own experience, and it anecdotally seemed to be
           | shared with other people who have modified their main
           | keyboard:
           | 
           | The regular qwerty/qwertz keyboards are so ingrained in our
           | muscle memory and society (think touchscreen keyboards) that
           | they still work as backups and you do not "forget" how to
           | efficiently use regular keyboards. I guess it does depend on
           | how often you're swapping around.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | I started with Dvorak young - about the same time I was
             | learning "proper" typing (as opposed to hunt and peck). I
             | wasn't good enough at QWERTY to go back and so I eventually
             | had to give up. Besides, all the studies of typing I've
             | seen are not compelling - most don't try to control for
             | that fact the alternative layout users are likely to study
             | typing and thus be better than average.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | I type in Dvorak and 'using other computers' is not a real
           | concern: you retain qwerty typing skills even if you use
           | Dvorak.
           | 
           | It's like foreign languages: you don't forget English when
           | you learn French.
        
           | a-priori wrote:
           | I've used Dvorak essentially full-time for the last 20 years
           | and I can still type in QWERTY. In fact, I just switched to
           | QWERTY just now to type this and it feels a bit awkward and I
           | make some typos, but it's perfectly usable.
           | 
           | The hardest part of switching is punctuation and shortcut
           | keys, not the letters themselves. But I can use other
           | people's computers and usually most people don't know that
           | anything's odd.
        
           | brokenmachine wrote:
           | Also on your phone/tablet.
           | 
           | I use dvorak so the first thing I have to do when I get a new
           | phone is to install an alternative keyboard.
        
         | iwixon wrote:
         | I have not used this, but I understand benign-key-logger[1] was
         | made for this use case.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/Ga68/benign-key-logger
        
         | abecedarius wrote:
         | > records your keystrokes and gives you stats
         | 
         | I wrote a little Emacs Lisp for this, never published it. I
         | kinda doubt that a similar script would be as easy to write for
         | an OS less friendly than Emacs.
        
         | jryb wrote:
         | You don't need a keylogger. Just take some things you've
         | written and count the characters. It won't be exact since it
         | excludes rewrites but the distribution should be very close.
        
           | serial_dev wrote:
           | The SwiftKey keyboard (mobile) used to (maybe even today) ask
           | for your Gmail account, goes through your stuff, recognizes
           | your style and includes your vocabulary.
           | 
           | Ignoring the obvious privacy issues, it provides great
           | suggestions and learns some words that are not in the other
           | keyboards' dictionaries.
           | 
           | Maybe you could apply the same for aiding an algorithm to
           | create a personalized keyboard layout.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | I'd like to also include keyboard shortcuts and commands that
           | don't end up in recorded text.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | If you do go down this rabbit hole, you probably want to
           | optimize hand alternation. That is, it is not enough to keep
           | the high value letters home row, you probably want to split
           | them between hands, while keeping them home row. Similarly,
           | the slowest combinations of characters will be the ones that
           | force a finger to go from top to bottom row. On qwerty, as an
           | example, 'cemetery' would be pretty bad for the opening two
           | letters.
        
         | erksa wrote:
         | ZSA, the company behind the moonlander now has a heatmap
         | extension [1]. After running it you get an idea of where your
         | heavy keys are.
         | 
         | When creating my own (slightly) modified qwerty layout I found
         | it helpful to identify which areas of the keyboard was
         | overloaded.
         | 
         | https://blog.zsa.io/2012-introducing-heatmaps/
        
           | ashton314 wrote:
           | I used this tool to refine my Moonlander layout. It works
           | really well. ZSA is just a wonderful little company. Great
           | products, great tech support.
        
         | astrodust wrote:
         | Just look at the wear on your keys. Based on a keyboard's wear
         | pattern you can often tell what someone does for their job,
         | even down to the programming language used or specific apps.
        
         | aendruk wrote:
         | I've been tinkering with some ideas around this based on the
         | Halmak project [1] which used a genetic algorithm to choose the
         | layout. Some day I'll do a writeup about it.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20200220112444/http://nikolay.ro...
        
         | CountHackulus wrote:
         | I daily drive the Keyboardio Model 100. I like it a lot, but I
         | really would like to remap a few of the special characters. It
         | works fantastically well for just arbitrary documents, but
         | writing C++ is frustrating. The custom shape of all the keycaps
         | makes it basically impossible to remap without just using clear
         | keycaps.
        
         | zubairshaik wrote:
         | Once you have a corpus of your own personal text, I'd recommend
         | to use the current best analyzer, oxeylyzer[0]. You can find
         | more details on the Alternate Keyboard Layout discord.
         | 
         | [0] https://github.com/O-X-E-Y/oxeylyzer
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > I would like to see something that records your keystrokes
         | and gives you stats on what you type the most. Then spits out a
         | keyboard arrangement to start from.
         | 
         | > Not sure how you'd get around it being a huge security risk?
         | Maybe only write totals for keypresses every 30 minutes?
         | 
         | I did this once with a terrible script that just recorded keys
         | with... I forget, probably either xev or `xinput test`.
         | Anyways, yes, huge potential security/privacy risk but IMO it's
         | fine if you keep it local and don't persist to disk without
         | encryption (read: put the file on an encrypted filesystem or
         | tmpfs). I specifically didn't want just the per-key total
         | presses because I was interested in use of shortcuts and common
         | substrings (IIRC I was looking at what to make macros of to
         | save typing); if you _just_ care about what actual keys get
         | pressed the most and are only looking at rearranging the same
         | keys then aggregation might make it safer.
        
         | rpmisms wrote:
         | If you want a privacy-compatible logger, simply record every
         | two-key sequence with a counter on each. That way, order is
         | obscured, but you have a relational graph.
        
         | luqtas wrote:
         | if you run QMK & have a Teensy board;
         | https://precondition.github.io/qmk-heatmap
         | 
         | if you don't, https://github.com/suurjaak/InputScope ... you
         | can even track key presses per app!
        
       | bradley13 wrote:
       | I spent a lot of time on this, back in my bored 20's. A super-
       | optimized keyboard layout, which I used for a year. I measured my
       | typing speed on qwerty before the change, and on the optimized
       | keyboard after using it for a year.
       | 
       | Yep, you do type faster. In my case, it was 10%. Honestly, it
       | wasn't worth it. There are way too many disadvantages, not least
       | of which is the fact that that only _your_ computer has your
       | weird keyboard. Also, typing 10% faster is pretty irrelevant: how
       | much of your time are you typing flat-out?
       | 
       | If you need an ergonomic keyboard, that's a different thing.
       | There are lots of those. Get one that uses qwerty.
        
         | dustincoates wrote:
         | > not least of which is the fact that that only your computer
         | has your weird keyboard.
         | 
         | Fair, but how often are most people typing on someone else's
         | computer? (Outside of developers who do pairing.)
        
           | bradley13 wrote:
           | For me, it somehow happens all the time. Helping out co-
           | workers, friends or family. Using a different workstation
           | than usual (we no longer have assigned desks). Sure, you can
           | mentally "switch" layouts, but it's a pain.
           | 
           | Then there's the reverse: My PC at home - wife wants to check
           | something quickly without turning on her PC.
           | 
           | Finally: I regularly use both a PC and a laptop. Depending on
           | how weird you want the layout to get, there may not be a way
           | to use it on the laptop. Schlepping an external keyboard
           | around - nope, not practical.
        
           | NikolaNovak wrote:
           | at home I have a number of laptops. Any of them may become a
           | shared laptop at any point in time with zero notice :) ( I
           | already get enough grief for having the black original Das
           | keyboard on my main desktop.)
           | 
           | At work there's less sharing but back when we were in the
           | office, it happened. I also have two work provided laptops
           | (one from my employer and one from client) which are
           | _heavily_ locked down.
           | 
           | Finally there's all the other keyboard manifestations in my
           | life - on my work iphone and my personal android phone and
           | the tablets and all the tv apps that pop up a keyboard to
           | sign in etc.
           | 
           | Qwerty may be suboptimal but it's freaking everywhere.
        
         | dannyz wrote:
         | Similarly I switched to Colemak, and I agree, it's not worth it
         | for most people.
         | 
         | I switched because I never typed with proper technique in
         | QWERTY. I would only use ~2 fingers on my right hand. I tried
         | multiple times to retrain myself but there was just too much
         | muscle memory. The only way for me to switch to proper
         | technique was to switch layouts.
        
         | bbojan wrote:
         | I'm probably much older than you, and I found the reduced
         | travel or the alternative layouts much more important than
         | speed. Your hands will thank you one day.
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | > There are way too many disadvantages, not least of which is
         | the fact that that only your computer has your weird keyboard.
         | 
         | Meh. I can type fine on both my weird layout and on a regular
         | one (either Swedish or English layout).
         | 
         | Your point about speed I agree with, but I'll say that the
         | point of an alternative layout shouldn't be speed, it's about
         | comfort.
        
           | zZorgz wrote:
           | I've been typing in both qwerty and colemak around the same
           | speed (>=100 WPM) for almost a decade. I ultimately ended up
           | deciding to use qwerty at work and colemak at home. At least
           | for me the comfort difference between layouts is marginal.
        
         | __mharrison__ wrote:
         | I went down that path 10 plus years ago. When I was writing my
         | first book, my fingers got really sore.
         | 
         | I built (two) ErgoDox(en) and ended up using the Norman layout
         | with various attempts at layers over the years. I'm now using a
         | Lily58 with low-profile choc switches that I'm generally happy
         | with.
         | 
         | I'm fine switching back to Qwerty keyboards, but if I were to
         | go down the path again, I would advise myself to stick with
         | Qwerty. I still have a pretty crazy keyboard layout and
         | appreciate the ergonomic features.
         | 
         | Also, I've realized that everyone is different, and what works
         | for one might not work for someone else.
         | 
         | Advice that I think works for everyone is to listen to your
         | body. If your body is telling you that something isn't right,
         | take steps to address them.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | This problem can be largely avoided, for those of us who use a
         | laptop frequently (most of us, I imagine): just leave the
         | laptop layout standard, or lightly modified. I've remapped all
         | of three keys, as a result I can use a stock keyboard with a
         | smallish amount of mental adjustment.
         | 
         | The split key ortho plugged into my monitor, therefore, can be
         | as weird as I want. It's heavily customized and I can do more
         | with it, faster, easier. I do type about 15% faster flat-out
         | with it, but more importantly, I can send l with little more
         | effort than `l`. But since the laptop has the default layout, I
         | remain "bilingual", two independent muscle memories can be
         | maintained pretty easily if one regularly uses both.
         | 
         | The ortho does have a QWERTY layout for the alphabetic keys,
         | since I don't see the point in changing that, but I don't
         | expect it would make a difference if it didn't.
        
       | konfusinomicon wrote:
       | moonlander is best lander. if you type for a living, buy one and
       | never look back.
        
         | bbojan wrote:
         | I would say it's an excellent entry level split ortho keyboard,
         | but it's quite large. Later you can go to a 50 key one or
         | lower.
        
         | gbrindisi wrote:
         | disagree, it is a good keyboard but the thumb cluster is not
         | ergonomic. There is better, especially if you are up to build
         | one yourself with a kit. Otherwise the voyager is already an
         | improvement over the moonlander.
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | Hard disagree.
         | 
         | The thumb layout is designed for very large hands and way too
         | many keys in difficult to reach positions.
         | 
         | Fact is, there's no one keyboard that's ideal for everyone.
        
         | tiltowait wrote:
         | Have to say I also disagree[0]. For my money, the Keyboardio
         | Model 100 has been the best keyboard in terms of functionality
         | and acceptable compromises, but it's not perfect either. I miss
         | the Kinesis Advantage's key wells (note: if you're looking to
         | buy one, buy the 360, not the Advantage2), but the Keyboardio's
         | thumb cluster and palm keys offset that loss.
         | 
         | Looking at custom keyboards, the Dactyl is probably quite good.
         | 
         | [0] Even if it's a huge step above normal keyboards.
        
         | zubairshaik wrote:
         | For a full size keyboard, I'd highly recommend the Glove80 [0]
         | instead. For something more compact and portable, look at ZSA's
         | own Voyager [1].
         | 
         | The reason I'd recommend the Glove80 is because a keywell is
         | just so much nicer to type on, especially if you want to
         | actually be able to use the number row without straining your
         | fingers. Their thumb cluster is also the most sane one that
         | I've come across, and the absolute though put into the design
         | is astounding and commendable [2]. The article is definitely
         | worth a read.
         | 
         | I recommend the Voyager especially if you are a believer in
         | 1DFH (1-distance-from-home)[3]. It has very few keys so you'll
         | have to learn about layers [4] and/or home-row mods[5] or my
         | favorite callum-style mods [6].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.moergo.com/
         | 
         | [1] https://www.zsa.io/voyager/
         | 
         | [2] https://www.moergo.com/pages/glove80-ergonomic-keyboard-
         | desi...
         | 
         | [3] https://zealot.hu/absolem/
         | 
         | [4] https://blog.zsa.io/layers-explained/
         | 
         | [5] https://precondition.github.io/home-row-mods
         | 
         | [6] https://github.com/callum-
         | oakley/qmk_firmware/tree/master/us...
        
       | 000ooo000 wrote:
       | I settled on Workman 8 years ago, as the methodology behind it
       | seemed pretty sensible. It's definitely nicer to type on than
       | qwerty, IMO. I do however notice occasionally that some words are
       | skewed to a particular hand. It definitely doesn't plague me, nor
       | is it enough of a bother that I have even looked at other
       | layouts. I wonder if it's even possible to adjust the layout to
       | improve this, or does the same problem just pop up somewhere
       | else, so to speak.
        
         | bbojan wrote:
         | I found Workman horrible for same-letter bigrams.
         | 
         | After testing a lot of different layouts I've settled on a
         | slightly modified Colemak-DH.
        
           | zargon wrote:
           | Do you mean same-finger bigrams? I can't think of how same-
           | letter bigrams could have an effect on layout preference.
        
         | james2doyle wrote:
         | I use Workman as well. I tried Colemak (a bunch of variants)
         | and it never sat well with me. There are some words on Workman
         | that hammer the same hand. "People" is one that trips me up
         | sometimes that is very common. Overall, I like Workman too
        
       | inawarminister wrote:
       | I like to write Clojure, and getting away from home row to write
       | the parentheses was... annoying. I did try (and my fingers still
       | remember!) Colemak a few years back, though.
       | 
       | I found Neo2, which is a German keyboard layout with 5-6 layers
       | of keys (which is ironic since I don't actually... speak German).
       | Tried Neo2 vanilla and Bone/other layout, but nowadays I'm just
       | using QWERTZ + Neo2 layers, which is available for Linux and
       | Windows/Mac with utilities.
       | 
       | Just look at the following layout!! https://dl.neo-
       | layout.org/grafik/bilder-einzeln/flat/neo_qwe...
       | 
       | Now I'm thinking, maybe modifying Colemak with Neo2-style layer
       | 3-6 might be perfect for me, and a few others...?
        
         | bloopernova wrote:
         | oh wow, I could absolutely see those home row keys being super
         | useful if they are easy to get to.
        
         | tapia wrote:
         | I started using noted (also a variant of neo2) [1] and I love
         | it. I did change some things in the Layer 4 (mostly placed the
         | numbers on the left hand and arrows arranged in-line, similar
         | to vim). I really like how it works. I'm using a split
         | keyboard, specifically the Lily58.
         | 
         | [1] https://neo-layout.org/Layouts/noted/
        
         | smartmic wrote:
         | I am also a Neo2 user for years and do not even think of
         | changing back to QWERTZ. The community is quite active and
         | spits out new, optimized layouts from time to time. They have
         | their own tools for analyzing and optimization. Some background
         | here (in German, use your translator): https://maximilian-
         | schillinger.de/keyboard-layouts-neo-adnw-...
        
           | inawarminister wrote:
           | Thanks! The comparison table is really enlightening. I think
           | I'll try hacking up Colemak first with layer 3-6, but if I
           | can't make it I'll try habituating with KOY layout.
        
       | Adverblessly wrote:
       | Here are my personal principals:
       | 
       | 1. Don't use too many thumb buttons, especially at odd angles,
       | they just make my thumbs hurt after too much typing.
       | 
       | 2. Don't use layers for any frequently used buttons, having to
       | keep a button held for a while frequently just leads to more
       | pain.
       | 
       | 3. Function keys are mandatory. They aren't used frequently
       | enough that having them in a "far" location is a problem, but
       | when I do use them it is great that they exist (and don't require
       | some strange layer combination press).
       | 
       | 4. Home/End/PgUp/PgDown/Delete are all mandatory and should be
       | somewhere near the (also mandatory) cursor keys and a shift key.
       | Not sure how people survive programming without these buttons ;)
        
         | bloopernova wrote:
         | Your points sound like my daily driver keyboard might work:
         | https://www.keychron.com/products/keychron-q10-alice-layout-...
        
         | goosedragons wrote:
         | How are you doing layers? I have zero pain problems holding the
         | delete key (on my Kinesis Advantage) to shift into my second
         | layer for things like (,),{,}. It's way less pain then the
         | using a typical keyboard layout. Hell it's easier than actual
         | Shift.
         | 
         | I think your other principles are pretty personal. I obviously
         | never use delete. Rarely use function keys or home/end/etc. I
         | use cursor keys a bunch but the Kinesis has those in a spot I
         | like.
        
           | Adverblessly wrote:
           | > How are you doing layers?
           | 
           | With my thumb, since I'd need the other fingers to reach the
           | actual buttons on the layer (usually). Sadly, this breaks my
           | other principals so it doesn't work well for me. Not sure
           | where you delete key is, but I guess it might work well with
           | a pinky key instead (like I can use ctrl+something), but I
           | don't really have a key like that I'd be willing to give up
           | :)
           | 
           | > I think your other principles are pretty personal.
           | 
           | Very much so! Which is why the first sentence of my comment
           | was "Here are my personal principals", emphasis on "personal"
           | :)
        
             | goosedragons wrote:
             | Delete is on the left thumb cluster on the Kinesis
             | Advantage. Would it be better if it was something like a
             | toggle like Caps Lock?
        
         | cranium wrote:
         | I found that layer on thumb + cursor keys on home row is really
         | pleasing to use. It's like having a better HJKL working in all
         | programs.
         | 
         | See
         | https://github.com/FrameworkComputer/qmk_firmware/tree/maste...
        
           | riversflow wrote:
           | Yes! I have a layer accessible by a press and hold on my
           | keyboard (mostly qwerty layout) that gives me arrow keys
           | under FDSE, PgUp/Down and Home/End on 4,R,5,T. It also has
           | custom chords of ctrl + shift, ctrl, alt+shift, alt on the
           | Tab, Capslock, Q, A keys.
           | 
           | Really useful.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | I love thumb clusters. But I have large hands. The great thing
         | about the Cambrian explosion of mechanical keyboards is that
         | people can find a layout which works for them, mentally and
         | physiologically.
        
           | Adverblessly wrote:
           | I have large hands as well (and proportionally long thumbs as
           | well I think). I think it is just that my thumbs don't really
           | "like" the rotations required to reach all the keys in the
           | cluster. It also doesn't help that pressing with the thumb
           | ends up being a "sideways" press, which is not a natural
           | direction for the thumb to go.
        
         | CarVac wrote:
         | 1. More thumb buttons = more better, _only_ if they are placed
         | well (extremely close to the bottom row of the alpha keys.
         | 
         | 2. Layers are fine for frequently used keys if activated by the
         | thumb. I have backspace, delete, numbers (home row), symbols,
         | punctuation, and the f keys on layers.
         | 
         | 3. Yes.
         | 
         | 4. Vim is the answer.
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | The layout in the article is on a split ortho keyboard and I
       | think this is the best arrangement for a modern keyboard.
       | 
       | What I think is not so obvious is, that the staggering makes
       | traditional non-split keyboards bearable, because it allows to
       | touch type with both hands at a slight angle.
       | 
       | At least this is true when using the European fingering. In the
       | US version the number row is awkward to type with angled hands.
        
         | smeej wrote:
         | I tried switching to an ortholinear keyboard and found it
         | ergonomically unbearable, even after tweaking the layout. My
         | fingers DO NOT move in straight lines when I extend them! They
         | are significantly farther apart when extended than they are
         | contracted.
         | 
         | I was appalled when I found out most people who think
         | ortholinear keyboards are an improvement have been typing Z
         | with their little fingers instead of their ring fingers, X with
         | their ring fingers instead of their middle fingers, etc. Sure,
         | ortholinear is an improvement on that disaster of a hand
         | position! But that's a terrible way to type, so not a good
         | thing to compare to!
         | 
         | I'm baffled that people have enjoyed the experience. To me it
         | felt like a torture device.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | I totally agree. Ortholinear keyboards have crap ergonomics.
           | 
           | Column stagger is what you want, and maybe even a concave
           | keyboard.
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | Yeah, I'm not sold that ortholinear is better. I switch
           | between ortho and traditional often and honestly don't notice
           | much of a difference in ergonomics. Really the biggest
           | comfort thing for me is the split. Being able to open up my
           | chest feels really good.
        
         | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
         | > because it allows to touch type with both hands at a slight
         | angle
         | 
         | I see this sort of thing repeated and I always feel compelled
         | to disagree. I'm sitting here typing on a mono-ortho board and
         | I can choose to angle my wrists or _not_ angle my wrists. That
         | part has nothing to do with the choice of ortho or stagger.
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | If you strech out your fingers from your angled wrist they
           | will follow the angle because the joints in our fingers have
           | only a single degree of freedom. Do you reach for the key
           | vertically above and below or do you angle your wrist 45deg
           | and reach for the diagonals?
           | 
           | With a staggered layout the angle is somewhere between and
           | similar to what most people angle their split halves.
        
       | lawn wrote:
       | I'll advice against keycap labels and printing a cheat sheet.
       | 
       | Relying on them will feel better, but it's a crutch and you'll
       | learn faster if you force yourself to do it the hard way of
       | remembering.
       | 
       | And before you mention it, the layout I use is quite complicated,
       | and I still think it's much better to learn without any aid:
       | 
       | https://www.jonashietala.se/blog/2022/09/06/the_current_t-34...
        
         | __mharrison__ wrote:
         | I would definitely advise creating a cheat sheet. But probably
         | not want for the reasons you are thinking.
         | 
         | Custom/mechanical keyboards are a rabbit hole and you might end
         | up with a few of them, each configured slightly differently.
         | You might want to know how to come back to them (especially if
         | they have blank keycaps or extensive layers).
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | Seems sort of irrelevant if one is already a touch typist.
         | 
         | Personally, I find labeled keycaps pleasant for a few reasons:
         | One is that I have a glowy keyboard, which is aesthetically
         | enjoyable to me (or I wouldn't have one), and it wouldn't be as
         | much fun if the LEDs were just shining up through identical
         | dots.
         | 
         | Also, I find it useful to re-register my fingers. I added
         | Braille dots to all the alphabetic keys, so I can also do this
         | by touch, but a quick glance down also does the trick. For
         | whatever reason, checking that my pinky will hit p is the most
         | common case here.
         | 
         | Last, I find it helpful with chords, especially when I add a
         | new one to the firmware. Layers as well. I do intend to
         | converge on what my other two layers do, but there's been some
         | churn, and it's easier to remember what a key does on a
         | particular layer when it has a distinct symbol. Modified key
         | commands which I frequently use are part of the muscle memory,
         | but when I'm adding a new command to the repertoire, precisely
         | where the key finger needs to go once the modifying finger has
         | hit command/control/meta isn't kinesthetically obvious at
         | first.
         | 
         | Note that this is from a baseline of touch typing, so I
         | naturally stop double-checking things once I've done them
         | enough. If you don't touch type, do yourself a huge favor and
         | learn. Some people find blank keycaps helpful here, especially
         | if they have many years of whatever ad-hoc system they use to
         | type with.
         | 
         | Some people aesthetically prefer no keycaps as well. Also
         | functionally: it's just easier for them to think about a key
         | geometrically rather than symbolically. I don't think there's a
         | one-for-all answer on this.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | > Seems sort of irrelevant if one is already a touch typist.
           | 
           | My comment was made with the context of learning a new layout
           | (or a new keyboard or learning to touch type).
        
       | benji-york wrote:
       | Something I don't see in keyboard layouts often is mouse buttons.
       | I use a trackball between my keyboard halves and prefer using
       | mouse buttons on my left hand while moving the trackball with the
       | right.
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/Eac4PVL
        
         | ykonstant wrote:
         | An embedded trackball/buttons at the sides of a split keyboard
         | like the Advantage 360 would be great. But my bigger issue with
         | that is that I would like the thumb cluster itself to be on the
         | sides, towards which the thumb curves naturally.
        
         | AlexErrant wrote:
         | I have a Charybdis https://bastardkb.com/charybdis/
         | 
         | Highly recommend. I daily drive vim and still scroll around in
         | there with the trackball haha.
         | 
         | My trackball's also on the right, and also use mouse buttons on
         | the left, but of course everything's customizable.
        
       | chrishill89 wrote:
       | I've made my own software keyboard using Xkb (Linux). Based on a
       | standard (ISO/European) keyboard. It's qwerty but I've made
       | changes in order to (first motivation) more easily be able to
       | write all kinds of symbols. So the number row is repurposed to
       | providing keys like Shift, level 3 (after shift), level 4, and
       | level 5. On both sides. For example shift is `4` and `8`.
       | 
       | - Shift: normal
       | 
       | - Level 3: mostly symbols
       | 
       | - Level 4: numpad on the _home row_ (since I've repurposed the
       | number row)
       | 
       | - Level 5: less used symbols
       | 
       | Also on the number row:
       | 
       | - Ctrl+V
       | 
       | - Ctrl+Insert (Linux: paste primary selection)
       | 
       | - Menu
       | 
       | - Compose key (both sides)
       | 
       | - Lock shift (Caps Lock leaves keys like `.` alone but this one
       | locks to Shift for all keys)
       | 
       | In addition to the compose key I've mapped several unused keysyms
       | (like Kanji) to map to various symbols and expansions. There I
       | mostly use `key + <1> + <2>` where I can press `<1>` and `<2>` in
       | any order (meaning two compose sequences for each). So I can
       | press the initial key and then just mash the two others and get
       | what I want. Those Kanji symbols are mapped to some fringe (to
       | the sides) keys that I don't need anymore because they're on
       | level 3.
       | 
       | It's derived from my regional keyboard (Norwegian) but it could
       | be modified to work with the standard US layout.
       | 
       | I've had some troubles with it after Ubuntu 22.04/Gnome 3. Now it
       | only works in most applications. But not certain others like
       | gnome-terminal. It seems to be because of the X/Wayland split. So
       | there are some painpoints that I haven't ironed out yet. And I'm
       | not eager to start since debugging Xkb can be painful and non-
       | obvious.
        
       | nprateem wrote:
       | Jeez, the stretch to the furthest thumb keys is an RSI injury
       | waiting to happen.
        
       | knallfrosch wrote:
       | I bought a Glove80 which has everything: split, ortholinear,
       | concave, mechanical, wireless, backlight, open firmware..
       | 
       | But find myself switching back to a default keyboard
       | nevertheless.
       | 
       | Instead of trying to reach everything with my fingers and
       | reaching for those faraway keys, I just move my arm - that's far
       | superior. Also I can switch which hands hit the middle keys like
       | G and H.
       | 
       | Plus I can type some stuff one-handedly, which is simply not
       | possible on a split keyboard.
        
         | zubairshaik wrote:
         | I think if you are switching over for speed gains or just for
         | fun, sure it may be inconvenient and not worth the effort.
         | However, many people switch to ergonomic split keyboards
         | because they have to due to RSI or tenosynovitis (as was my
         | case) or at great risk of such.
         | 
         | For those people, I highly recommend you to go ahead and buy a
         | Glove80, you will actually be able to type again without pain.
         | It's a learning curve, but gaining back control of your own
         | hands is so, so worth it. You also need to be patient, it took
         | me about a month and a half before the pain was entirely gone.
         | I also continue to do my daily hand, wrist and arm exercises
         | which help greatly as well.
        
       | zubairshaik wrote:
       | Great write-up. Any one who wants to dive way way deeper into
       | keyboard layout optimization should look into the subreddit[0] as
       | well as the Alternate Keyboard Layout Discord. It is a shame that
       | most of the collective knowledge is stuck on a proprietary
       | platform like Discord but there is a wealth of information there.
       | The current more highly recommended layouts for most people
       | (because of statistics, ease of use, comfort, etc.) is a family
       | of layout known as nrts haei named after the homerow for these
       | layouts.
       | 
       | If you want to take a peek at them I recommend these two layouts
       | and their accompanying motivations: Graphite[1] and Gallium [2].
       | I especially recommend Graphite if you want to optimize your
       | punctuation for programming as well as your alpha keys, since
       | most layouts don't consider moving around punctuation beyond the
       | semicolon and the comma keys. Feel free to ask me any questions
       | you might have.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.reddit.com/r/KeyboardLayouts
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/rdavison/graphite-layout
       | 
       | [2] https://github.com/GalileoBlues/Gallium
        
       | ElCapitanMarkla wrote:
       | I built a Corne a year ago and while I love it for most things I
       | still find I stumble around looking for brackets and special
       | characters at times. And I find I use the numbers often enough
       | that I'd like to try with a board with a dedicated row.
       | 
       | I have a new case to print which adds a number row and four keys
       | down the bottom right so I can add dedicated arrow keys. I quite
       | often want to hit some of those keys with a single hand but I may
       | need the modifier from one half and a key on the other.
        
       | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
       | I use a homemade non-split "ortholinear" variant. You can make
       | all sorts of changes in the name of optimization, but the truth
       | is most optimizations have very little chance of catching on
       | because they are opaque and confusing to normal people.
       | 
       | I have some of my own principles for making a keyboard that
       | embraces change while still being usable to someone passing by.
       | Yes they might hate it, but at least they could use it in a
       | pinch.
       | 
       | 1. Label your keys. Yes it's nice to have your layout memorized,
       | but they have labels for a reason. That reason being that not
       | everyone who approaches a keyboard has the layout memorized. And
       | this is especially important for mission-critical keypresses.
       | (And guess what's difficult to label? A chord.)
       | 
       | 2. Don't replace mission-critical keys with a chord. Function
       | keys (like F5) can do bad things when pressed accidentally.
       | Requiring a chord for such a key is asking for accidental
       | presses.
       | 
       | 3. Try to keep your keys generally where they are with a standard
       | keyboard. I bend my slanted columns into vertical ones, but for
       | the most part the keys can be found near where you'd normally
       | find them.
       | 
       | I also question whether some of the optimizations claimed by
       | people are truly optimizations. Were you really getting carpal
       | tunnel by occasionally holding the Ctrl key with your pinky?
       | Probably not. Most of the strain I observe comes from simple
       | overuse. The only times I've ever felt fatigue were when doing
       | typing tests repeatedly.
       | 
       | I'm not trying to "yuck" anyone's "yum"; I just think we should
       | be honest and admit that most of the keyboard changes we make are
       | more about having fun, and less about practicality. I use some
       | chords and I have fun in doing so. But I also know that all of
       | that nonsense will be completely rejected by most people sitting
       | down to actually use my keyboard, unless they happen to be
       | slightly adventurous like myself.
       | 
       | I like to imagine keyboards that could perhaps (however
       | fantastical) eventually catch on with the general public, given
       | enough time and attrition. Those are the kinds of keyboards I
       | build and use.
        
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