[HN Gopher] AI-powered cameras installed on Metro buses to ticke...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       AI-powered cameras installed on Metro buses to ticket illegally
       parked cars
        
       Author : hentrep
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2024-04-25 18:36 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.latimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.latimes.com)
        
       | rokkitmensch wrote:
       | What about programmatic speed ticketing? Either we care to
       | enforce these laws impartially or we want to use them to give
       | cops the ability to exercise their discretion, tertium non datur.
        
         | RecycledEle wrote:
         | What about posting all police body camera videos at the end of
         | the day and offering 50% of the fine collected from the cop to
         | anyone who can spot a violation of policy or of law?
         | 
         | What's good for one is good for all.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | Latin phrase to support an argument for pure law and order --
         | parody gold
        
         | joshuahaglund wrote:
         | There is a pilot program that took effect January 1 but the
         | cameras aren't expected to be on until this summer or later
         | 
         | https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/speed-cameras-comin...
        
         | starfleet_bop wrote:
         | There's nothing inherently dangerous about driving fast if it's
         | in accordance with driving to the conditions on the road.
         | Driving too slowly is more likely to cause an accident by
         | impeding the flow of traffic.
        
       | s09dfhks wrote:
       | What are the chances the video feed is just being sent to India
       | like Amazon's "just walk out" technology
        
         | whiplash451 wrote:
         | Likely. But if the company providing the service is caught in
         | an audit not implementing the data retention policies that are
         | in the contract, they are dead on the spot.
        
           | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
           | That's the future CEO's problem.
        
             | whiplash451 wrote:
             | IANAL but I believe the CEO is liable even if/after they
             | left the company.
        
         | jvm___ wrote:
         | API - Actually People in India
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Not even India, it's just piped into all our capchas
        
           | nvch wrote:
           | "Select all images with illegally parked cars" starts to feel
           | quite possible
        
             | znpy wrote:
             | that would actually be cool, and an useful use of captchas,
             | for once.
        
               | john2x wrote:
               | Practically fool proof. A net positive for society.
        
               | andy99 wrote:
               | Captchas, at least recaptcha which is the main image
               | selection one, exist to enforce Google's browser monopoly
               | and force tracking on you. You're not proving you're a
               | human, you're being punished for not behaving how google
               | wants. It's vile.
        
               | basilgohar wrote:
               | This is a little known fact and proper characterization
               | of reCaptcha that I wish I could draw even more attention
               | to.
        
               | nulld3v wrote:
               | I dunno, I frequently do recaptchas on Firefox on Linux
               | and it hasn't been a problem for me? It does feel like
               | they make me do the image selection more often, but I've
               | never had any problems completing the captchas and it
               | doesn't happen often enough to bother me.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | You like wasting time working for free for google?
        
               | nulld3v wrote:
               | Well no, but I also understand why captchas are kinda
               | necessary.
        
               | cute_boi wrote:
               | I think it is unethical to make people free work in such
               | case. Captcha is there to prove if the user is human or
               | not.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Strange to see a community like HN not understanding data
         | annotation as a model training task
        
         | chaos_emergent wrote:
         | Drawing bounding boxes around license plates, and then running
         | OCR on those license plates, is a relatively solved problem. My
         | guess is that low confidence predictions will probably still be
         | manually reviewed.
        
       | monero-xmr wrote:
       | Why is this AI? License plate scanning technology has been around
       | for decades. Toll booths use them everywhere.
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | AI is the new marketing buzzword. Got to label everything as
         | AI.
         | 
         | If you think about, AI are just linear regressions on steroids.
         | So we could start selling graphing calculators as having AI
         | even.
        
           | lukevp wrote:
           | And what are movies except for coordinated, flashing lights
           | and a paper cone being shaken real fast?
        
         | allpaca wrote:
         | Because it's trendy, obviously.
        
         | VS1999 wrote:
         | Who knows, although the main idea is that there are now cameras
         | on the busses recording 24/7 looking for violations and
         | emailing them to the local police department.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | For starters, you need to determine which cars are actually
         | parked, and if that spot is violating the rules. For fixed
         | cameras generally the installation process just marks as spot
         | or lane where every car "counts", but a camera on a moving bus
         | needs to do that on its own.
        
           | pompino wrote:
           | couldn't that be done off-line? The active system would just
           | collect the data, plate number, GPS, etc., and the off-line
           | system would process it with a overlay of the city map, etc.
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | Quoting the official claims from the article, "Only when
             | the system observes a vehicle parked illegally in a bus
             | lane or a bus stop does it record the license plate and
             | capture video of the event." - it seems very reasonable
             | from both practical and privacy standpoint that all that
             | data should not be collected unless there's some reason to
             | believe (e.g. by such an "AI" system) that there likely is
             | an actual violation.
        
         | _joel wrote:
         | Scanning a licence plate is one thing, working out if a car is
         | parked illegally is another, right?
        
           | bkor wrote:
           | That's being done in Rotterdam for ages. Cars with cameras on
           | top which determine which cars have a parking violation. I
           | think they check illegally parked cars plus cars which didn't
           | pay. It's anything but new technology.
        
             | swores wrote:
             | "AI" is not a synonym for "cutting edge less than a year
             | old technology", the fact that this sort of AI has existed
             | for years doesn't change the fact that it is a form of AI
             | nor the fact that this specific city had decided to start
             | to use it now.
        
         | sigmar wrote:
         | >License plate scanning technology has been around for decades.
         | 
         | While this is true, the big optical character recognition
         | breakthrough was Yann LeCun's use of Convolutional Neural
         | Networks in the 1990s, which I think most people put in the
         | definitions for "ML" and "AI." But of course, as John McCarthy
         | said: "as soon as it works, no one calls it ai anymore"
        
       | paganel wrote:
       | Dystopic world we're living in, and many of us here on this very
       | forum have helped built it.
        
         | aaronbrethorst wrote:
         | My favorite part of 1984 was about the well-maintained public
         | transit infrastructure of Oceania, and how all of the inner
         | party members who broke traffic laws received parking tickets.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | Indeed, we should charge the parked driver for the cost caused
         | by all those passengers in buses held up. They are getting off
         | cheap with the ticket.
        
         | Axsuul wrote:
         | How is this dystopian? Dystopian would be if we ticket cars
         | based on how likely they might park in the bus lane.
        
           | starfleet_bop wrote:
           | It violates the right to confront one's accuser / question
           | the witness in court.
           | 
           | Presumption of guilt by default, requiring you to pay the
           | fine before you're allowed to contest the alleged infraction.
           | 
           | Absolute rules usually means less natural justice, there are
           | times when pursuing minor violations are not in the public
           | interest.
        
             | Axsuul wrote:
             | "A person who is ticketed would have access to the
             | recording, Territo said, and the ability to challenge the
             | violation -- a process that can take months."
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | You know, rather that making something you could just look
             | at the literal decades of legal history here. People have
             | been contesting camera tickets since the 20th century and
             | the article specifically notes that they retain the video
             | footage long enough to cover the adjudication period where
             | someone has the right to challenge the ticket and would
             | have access to the recording for that purpose.
             | 
             | Where I live, every ticket arrives with a link to view the
             | video. This has lead to really telling moments where people
             | have ranted about the "trap" and some even share the
             | videos, which reliably show them rolling through stop signs
             | or red lights.
        
       | nox101 wrote:
       | wish they'd ticket traffic violators, not just parked cars. Cars
       | running red lights, cars driving in lanes they aren't supposed to
       | be in. Cars turning in places that are illegal to turn at. Cars
       | speeding. Cars stopped in crosswalks. I see these daily. I'm
       | happy to submit camera footage if it means tickets and
       | enforcement.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | Some intersections in the Boston area, there seems to be a de
         | facto rule of "3 cars through after it turns red".
         | 
         | If someone miscalculates and ends up blocking the box, they'll
         | get honked at, but they still get to their destination faster.
         | 
         | If they hit someone who had a green or walk signal, I don't
         | know what happens to them, but it doesn't seem to be enough of
         | a deterrent.
        
         | highcountess wrote:
         | Don't worry, that's probably one of the real reasons for 100
         | camera systems. As someone else pointed out, you don't need 100
         | cameras to act as a policy enforcement and deterrence, but if
         | you wanted to get constant surveillance of vehicles and people
         | movements, recorded in public, you would want 100+ systems.
         | 
         | You can't (currently) ticket people for crimes like speeding,
         | but you can use it to ticket for other non-criminal violations
         | like other parking violations, i.e., replacing meter maids.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | That sounds like an overstepping of surveillance. Remember
           | power is just as dangerous when wielded in the wrong hands
        
             | flawsofar wrote:
             | cars led to the creation of CHP and the expansion of US
             | police authority, then that spread even more afar.
             | 
             | People should not be allowed to drive unsupervised. I am
             | anti surveillance and anti cop. There is no safe world with
             | unsupervised driving. And so we as a society traded some of
             | our rights, acknowledging this new dangerous tool but
             | choosing its convenience even though this led to whole new
             | police departments, policies, etc.
             | 
             | Pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, and even drivers
             | know that the way people drive is a serious problem.
             | 
             | I don't want the cameras either, but to get rid of those
             | you have to get rid of cars.
        
         | nashashmi wrote:
         | Some people like this innocent bloke are the real perpetrators
         | behind mass surveillance and big brother.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Do they really need 100 cameras?
       | 
       | Just 5 cameras driving about the city all day ought to catch
       | enough violators that anyone habitually parked in a bus lane will
       | be caught and will stop doing it.
       | 
       | I could understand 1 camera per route maybe if the busses
       | physically always stay on the same route.
        
         | sandspar wrote:
         | "The Metro has 114 bus routes in Los Angeles with 11,770 bus
         | stops." Numbers vary a bit by source. Los Angeles is a car city
         | like Dallas or Houston.
        
       | ankit219 wrote:
       | When i read these implementations, one thing I think about is the
       | British post office scandal, also known as Horizon IT scandal[1].
       | 
       | These technologies are probabilistic with some nonzero chances of
       | error which can't always be easily detected. These are
       | implemented by people with some knowledge of the tech used (and
       | hopefully the understanding of error), but are to be used by
       | people who expect the output to be 100% true. I do not know how
       | they would deal with tech errors which do not look like errors,
       | but feel like there should be more cognizance about this and
       | expectations should be set accordingly. Same goes for any facial
       | recognition tech deployed by authorities.
       | 
       | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Post_Office_scandal
        
         | pompino wrote:
         | how does it compare versus human error?
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | What the exact error rate is isn't relevant to OP's concern,
           | which is that operators of the tooling will treat it as
           | having a 0% error rate in a way that they don't with human
           | judgment. We've already seen this play out with algorithms
           | designed to predict recidivism or what have you--law
           | enforcement and judicial officials place undue weight on the
           | outputs of algorithms and trust them implicitly where they
           | might ask questions of a human expert.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | > which is that operators of the tooling will treat it as
             | having a 0% error rate in a way that they don't with human
             | judgment
             | 
             | This is possible but we have decades of camera enforcement
             | experience suggesting that courts are aware that these
             | systems are not as reliable as the manufacturers claim.
             | People have been challenging photo tickets since the
             | previous century and there's a well-established process for
             | challenging them.
        
           | antegamisou wrote:
           | Techbros always love citing the supposedly devastating human
           | fallibility yet experience shows poorly configured/developed
           | automated systems are much more of a concern.
        
             | pompino wrote:
             | Nice straw-man, but getting back to reality, nobody in this
             | thread has put forth the belief that automated systems are
             | infallible, or is arguing that point. Also the fact that
             | humans are fallible, hasn't stopped us from setting up
             | judicial systems based on human judgement - which work
             | pretty well in several scenarios.
        
         | rvnx wrote:
         | Not a problem, if person contests, double-check the picture.
         | Like with a speed camera.
         | 
         | For most of the cases, won't need a human in the loop.
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | One might argue that a citizen shouldn't need to prove they
           | didn't break a law, but rather the government has to
           | (reliably) prove that they did.
           | 
           | I wonder if there's a phrase for that.
        
             | simmerup wrote:
             | That's what the picture is for
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | False positives can be human validated
        
               | eli wrote:
               | false positives can also be human generated
        
             | yardie wrote:
             | I've contested the red light camera fines in my
             | municipality a few times now. In every case I request the
             | footage and each time it's been overturned because the
             | footage clearly shows me stopping before turning right on
             | read. Ive never had to provide proof that is the states
             | job.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | Meanwhile, I've never had to contest a false positive
               | because my state doesn't allow red light cameras. That's
               | a lot of time that I haven't had to spend defending
               | myself against spurious charges.
               | 
               | It doesn't especially matter where the burden of proof
               | lies if the process for contesting requires any
               | substantial amount of effort on the part of the victim of
               | the false positive.
        
               | garbagewoman wrote:
               | You did have to provide proof! you were assumed guilty
               | until you proved yourself innocent by using the evidence
               | that the state themselves already had, but didn't present
               | as proof of the infringement.
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | The state should have reviewed the footage and not
               | charged you in the first place.
               | 
               | That should be codified into law because the state is
               | doubly incentivized to do nothing about false positives.
               | If you pay it, they get free money. If you don't, they
               | get free labor.
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | In this case, the article clearly states that a human
               | will review the footage... not sure what happened in the
               | above cases, if there was no review, or if the review was
               | simply rushed? I do think it would be fair if the state
               | had to pay the same fine back to the person they
               | incorrectly fined as compensation for their time.
        
             | cyanydeez wrote:
             | These tickets get sent in the mail with proof, the photos.
             | 
             | The only thing you can argue is that it shouldnt require a
             | court case to dispute unless it fails a human review.
        
               | LtWorf wrote:
               | lol. No they don't.
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | It depends on the location, my local automated speed
               | camera process involves getting a human-approved ticket
               | in the mail that includes the photos.
        
             | Traubenfuchs wrote:
             | You might be looking for one of those?
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_onus
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | I was being sarcastic, apologies :) The phrase I was
               | referring to is "innocent until proven guilty."
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | None of our processes have a 0% false positive rate. Not
             | tickets written by humans, not criminal charges filed by
             | humans, not court cases tried in front of a jury. So maybe
             | a phrase would be "unrealistic expectations".
             | 
             | But what we should expect (and demand) is that the process
             | have no higher an error rate than human reporting, and that
             | the errors should be no harder to correct/appeal.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | > the process have no higher an error rate than human
               | reporting, and that the errors should be no harder to
               | correct/appeal.
               | 
               | I would actually ask that the errors be easier to
               | correct, not just no harder.
               | 
               | Even if the error rate is lower, automated systems will
               | detect a larger number of errors and therefore are likely
               | to create a larger number of false positives. If we're
               | going to automate the creation of false positives we need
               | to equivalently automate their correction.
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | Even if we accept automated evidence gathering we don't
               | have to accept automating charges based on that evidence.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | I can get behind this idea if and only if the government
           | makes it absolutely trivial to request a human to review the
           | ticket, with no additional fee and no attempt to dissuade
           | people from exercising that right.
           | 
           | There should be a phone number, a QR code, and a printed link
           | on the ticket that all provide a one-step process to contest
           | a ticket. As soon as a ticket is contested it should be put
           | on hold with no payment due until a follow-up ticket is
           | issued by a human.
           | 
           | If we don't do this then we've just automated the creation of
           | false positives without giving the victims of those false
           | positives any equivalent advantage.
        
             | ensignavenger wrote:
             | Better yet, the website could allow you to login an
             | instantly view the evidence against you, in addition to
             | filing the appeal. Also, if your appeal is found valid
             | based on the video evidence, you should get the amount of
             | the fine back from the government as a fee for them wasting
             | your time.
        
             | MOARDONGZPLZ wrote:
             | They will do this. Later when some place like Booz Allen
             | Hamilton picks it up, they will observe that revenue goes
             | up when dark patterns and obfuscation goes up. So the
             | initial implementation will go away.
        
           | miki123211 wrote:
           | This doesn't work if the failures are correlated and very
           | often happen to a certain group of people.
           | 
           | Imagine if the system was flawed and assigned all tickets
           | with an unrecognized license plate to NULL or 000000. THe
           | owner of that specific plate would have to spend their entire
           | life contesting tickets.
           | 
           | A less extreme case of this would be a badly-trained model
           | that always detects certain kinds of cars as occupying bus
           | lanes, even if they're parked legally. If you're in the tiny
           | minority that has one of those, you can't park anywhere
           | without getting a ticket which you must contest.
           | 
           | If those cars end up statistically more likely to be owned by
           | the poor / black / homeless, now the local government has a
           | scandal on their hands.
        
           | anon373839 wrote:
           | Los Angeles doesn't have a meaningful process to contest
           | parking tickets: it's an automatic denial, regardless of
           | merit. The only way to get actual review is to go to civil
           | court.
        
             | ensignavenger wrote:
             | Sounds like the civil court is the meaningful contest?
        
         | ensignavenger wrote:
         | Which is why a human being has to review the camera footage and
         | decide to issue the citation. If the system makes an error, and
         | the human checking it makes an error, then the human receiving
         | the citation can contest it. Seems a reasonable number of
         | safeguards to me.
         | 
         | Certainly a lot better than the big tech "we banned you but
         | won't tell you why or allow you to talk to a human about it".
         | 
         | My only problem with more camera-based law enforcement for
         | traffic violations is the fact that they can't tell who was
         | driving. SO the fine goes to the registered owner of the
         | vehicle, so folks won't want to lend vehicles. Of course, one
         | argument is that you shouldn't loan your vehicle to some one
         | who is going to be breaking the law... but is that really the
         | world we want to live in, where we can't loan anything to
         | anyone for fear of them misusing it and the owner being held
         | responsible? I don't have a good answer there.
        
           | Chris2048 wrote:
           | > one argument is that you shouldn't loan your vehicle to
           | some one who is going to be breaking the law... but is that
           | really the world we want to live in
           | 
           | If you are talking about a car, then yes, that's the world I
           | want to live in. Would they even be insured anyway?
        
           | cute_boi wrote:
           | >human receiving the citation can contest it
           | 
           | Only if it is that easy to contest it.
        
       | schutt wrote:
       | Anzeigenhauptmeister just lost his Hobby :(
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | LA is so late to the game. NYC already does this and they do it
       | without AI. Buses have cams. Anyone who drives in bus only lanes
       | gets a ticket. Any cars parked in bus stops get tickets and a
       | whole lot of honking.
        
       | bradleyjg wrote:
       | The big problem with all this automated enforcement is they only
       | end up punishing honest people. Kind of like continually raising
       | fares while doing zero about fare evasion.
       | 
       | The police should crack down hard on: license plate covers, fake
       | license plates, fake temporary plates, etc. I suggest seizing the
       | vehicles as contraband. Then I might support more automated
       | enforcement. Until then, I don't.
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | This is a "do both" situation: those "honest people" are still
         | knowingly trying to cheat their neighbors, so while they pose
         | less of a threat individually than the people with fake plates
         | the aggregate cost is quite high due to greater numbers, and
         | fining them is done by a separate group of people so it doesn't
         | take any resources away from the police you need to go after
         | the hardened criminals.
         | 
         | Cameras actively help that process, too, because they collect
         | data showing how widespread the problem is and individual fake
         | plates will collect tickets showing how dangerous those
         | particular drivers are.
        
       | chaos_emergent wrote:
       | Let's say that the city of LA theorizes that enforcement of
       | parking via these cameras will be cash flow positive; assuming
       | the $11M contract size, 100 cameras and 5 years at face value
       | you'd expect each device to bring in $60/day to break even.
       | 
       | Seems like a good deal for the city if they fine someone at least
       | twice a day per device.
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | I'm all for requiring a human to give out tickets of all or any
       | kind.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | This is exactly what's being proposed - quoting the article,
         | "Once a recording is made, it will be submitted to L.A.
         | Department of Transportation where a human will assess whether
         | a ticket should be issued."
         | 
         | In any case, neither the camera company nor the bus company
         | have any authority to issue tickets, all they can do is submit
         | complaints+evidence to the appropriate institution.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | I'd rather they be onsite, that's what I was thinking.
        
       | iaseiadit wrote:
       | I'm of the belief that if a law exists but isn't being enforced,
       | the only correct course of action is to eliminate the law or
       | start enforcing it. Otherwise, you enforce the law
       | inconsistently, and you reinforce the notion that laws don't need
       | to be followed.
       | 
       | Technology can help with consistent enforcement. Stop light
       | cameras, in my experience, are more impartial and objective than
       | police officers.
       | 
       | Where I live in the U.S., crime is prevalent. Many laws are
       | flouted by criminals and rarely enforced by the police or
       | district attorneys. The system has become a farce. It's better to
       | enforce the laws consistently, or if they're not needed, to
       | eliminate them.
        
         | flawsofar wrote:
         | look up "broken windows policing"
        
           | iaseiadit wrote:
           | I'm familiar. Completely transformed New York City in the
           | 1990s for the better.
           | 
           | But I'm not suggesting that every law is good. If a law is
           | not enforceable or not a net positive for the community,
           | change it or get rid of it. But don't enforce it
           | inconsistently, and don't apply it to certain people and not
           | others depending on the whims of the police and the district
           | attorneys and their personal predilections and politics.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | The idea is to keep unenforced laws on the books, so they can
         | be selectively enforced against one's political enemies.
        
       | throwaway22032 wrote:
       | There are now CCTV vehicles driving around some boroughs of
       | London scanning for parked cars. I strongly believe that this
       | breaks the spirit of the law as it was originally conceived and
       | implemented.
       | 
       | In most areas, local residents allowed for and voted for
       | controlled parking zones primarily to prevent commuters or
       | tourists parking all day/week and to reduce things like car
       | storage by dealerships. Basically, to ensure that parking was
       | actually available for residents, to make the best of a scarce
       | resource.
       | 
       | I don't believe that the intent was ever to penalise someone
       | parking for 15-30 minutes to have a coffee or to shop, to drop
       | off parcels, to make tradesmen have to pay to park when working,
       | etc. Perfect enforcement is punitive, and reduces the utility of
       | the road network overall.
       | 
       | My personal opinion is that these surveillance schemes are
       | radicalising a lot of people and turning them against their
       | elected officials. Discretion fosters trust in power.
        
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