[HN Gopher] The Basque Country's Mondragon Corporation is the la...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Basque Country's Mondragon Corporation is the largest
       industrial co-op
        
       Author : toss1
       Score  : 256 points
       Date   : 2024-04-24 12:58 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | This seems to be fairly unique in its breadth of different
       | enterprises. Most co-ops seem to stay in a single industry e.g
       | John Lewis with 80,000 employees in UK retail or the many
       | agricultural/distribution co-ops owned by farmers.
       | 
       | Wikipedia page is a clearer read:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondragon_Corporation
        
         | n1b0m wrote:
         | The Co-operative Group in the has a group of retail businesses,
         | including grocery retail and wholesale, legal services,
         | funerals and insurance, and social enterprise
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | In the US a lot of the ag coops seem to be marketing oriented
         | with maybe some capital equipment sharing (regional packing
         | shipping facilities, etc).
        
       | AbrahamParangi wrote:
       | Co-ops are fascinating to me as an alternate evolutionary branch
       | of capitalism. Like the marsupials to the placentals. Also like
       | the marsupials, in most cases where co-ops compete with regular
       | capitalist businesses they go extinct.
        
         | nervousvarun wrote:
         | Agreed but you could say the same thing about monopolies though
         | right? Anti-trust legislation exists to prevent that sort of
         | extinction.
        
           | darby_eight wrote:
           | It exists to preserve competition, which theoretically is
           | supposed to ameliorate the negative aspects of privately
           | owner enterprise.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _which theoretically is supposed to ameliorate the
             | negative aspects of privately owner enterprise_
             | 
             | It's because non-competitive markets are a market failure
             | [1]. Not amelioration.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_failure
        
         | soco wrote:
         | Important note: yes they go extinct in a market shaped by
         | regular capitalist rules.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _they go extinct in a market shaped by regular capitalist
           | rules_
           | 
           | Source? Because unless America, much less Wyoming [1], are
           | not "shaped by regular capitalist rules," this statement is
           | false.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wyomingrea.org/about/coop-map/
        
           | mminer237 wrote:
           | Why are there so many co-ops in existence today then?
        
         | rqtwteye wrote:
         | In the short term dictatorships usually are superior to
         | democracies because they can move fast and have less
         | stakeholders to satisfy. So a capitalist business will usually
         | beat out a co-op. That doesn't mean that society as a whole
         | gains.
        
         | solarpunk wrote:
         | I'm afraid I don't understand. My state is chock full of co-ops
         | that compete with their corporate counterparts.
         | 
         | Hell, there's (at least) 3 separate co-op grocery stores in my
         | city, they each compete with an Aldi, and multiple local
         | grocery chains in their respective neighborhoods.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _My state is chock full of co-ops that compete with their
           | corporate counterparts_
           | 
           | Same, and we're deep red. My power company is a member-owned
           | co-op. It's cheap as hell (6.8C//kWh for wind) and doesn't
           | enjoy burning down the state as a hobby.
        
             | solarpunk wrote:
             | oh damn, I completely forgot about utility co-ops!
             | 
             | I'm envious of those, they're all over the state but
             | they're only out in the sticks.
        
         | thesuitonym wrote:
         | Co-ops are just the way that socialism can exist in a
         | capitalist society. And while capitalist businesses can usually
         | undermine them using all the tools of capitalism, notice that
         | co-op workers are usually happier and paid better, co-op
         | customers are treated better and receive better service, and
         | the community suffers less from having a co-op in the area.
        
           | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
           | How are co-ops anti-capitalist? They appear to me no
           | different than a shareholder or partnership. Are most law
           | firms socialistic in that they have partners who work for the
           | firm getting a share of its profits?
        
             | anon291 wrote:
             | They're objectively not any less capitalist than a private
             | company with restrictions on share transfers.
        
             | thesuitonym wrote:
             | The workers own the means of production. That's the only
             | thing that socialism means.
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | This is completely incorrect.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | how is "socializing" the ownership of a business not
               | socialist?
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | The business ownership in a coop is not "socialized".
               | It's still privately owned.
               | 
               | The definition of socialism is not, and never has been,
               | "workers owning the means of production."
               | 
               | A coop still meets all the characteristics of capitalist
               | entity:
               | 
               | - privately owned
               | 
               | - for profit, with profits going to shareholders
               | 
               | If you think coops are socialist, then you must also
               | think any company that has more than 1 shareholder is
               | socialist.
               | 
               | If you think private ownership (which coops protect and
               | uphold) is allowed under socialism, then you don't
               | understand what socialism is.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | your opinion about the semantics of "coop" and
               | "socialism" is wrong. most semantic debates are worthless
               | anyway.
               | 
               | every socialist i know and have read agree that a coop is
               | a socialist organization, and we will keep creating these
               | enterprises as an alternative to capitalism, until one
               | day, ideally, the capitalist corporations won't be able
               | to compete in the job market with the coops, forcing them
               | to socialize their ownership and power structures.
               | despite whether you think it's socialism or not.
               | 
               | here are the 7 cooperative principles. please explain how
               | this is capitalism? https://www.electric.coop/seven-
               | cooperative-principles%E2%80...
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | There's no semantics.
               | 
               | > every socialist i know and have read agree that a coop
               | is a socialist organization
               | 
               |  _Every unicorn I know thinks leprechauns are real._
               | 
               | A coop protects and upholds private ownership and
               | distribution of profits to their shareholders. That's not
               | semantics.
               | 
               | Socialism does not protect private ownership. Socialism
               | does not distribute profits to shareholders (because
               | there are none). That's also not semantics.
               | 
               | If you want to have a non-semantical conversation, the
               | onus is on you.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | ok, well you have no idea what you're talking about, so
               | if you think that a coop is capitalism, then i'm gonna
               | use that ignorance to my advantage, and convince
               | everybody that coops are capitalism. psyop coops on the
               | capitalists. thanks for the great strategic idea!
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | My guess is that someone who thinks private, for-profit
               | businesses are socialist, will not gain much traction
               | convincing anyone of anything.
               | 
               | But best of luck!
               | 
               | If you can explain to me how a co-op, which is a
               | privately owned, and for-profit business structure, is
               | _not_ capitalist, I am all ears.
               | 
               | P.s. Definitions are important. Hand waving them away as
               | "semantics" is a common trick of the ignorant.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | lol keep on arguing on the internet about stuff you don't
               | know anything about, comrade. and use poor debate
               | tactics, like "Every unicorn I know thinks leprechauns
               | are real." will really get you far in life.
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | Multiple people here have told you that your
               | understanding is incorrect. Now you've resorted to straw
               | man so... I think deep down we all know who is talking
               | out of their behind.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | two people, you and some other guy who is also wrong and
               | doesn't know the 7 principles of coops based on his
               | comment (you still haven't argued about how those
               | principles are capitalist, so pretty sure the onus is on
               | you anyway). there are plenty of examples in the other
               | comments on this post supporting my opinion. being a
               | contrarian doesn't mean you're right.
               | 
               | and re: strawman, i just met you at your level after you
               | used the logical fallacy: "Every unicorn I know thinks
               | leprechauns are real." it was pretty clear at that point
               | that you weren't going to have a reasonable conversation.
               | i apologize for not pointing that fallacy out directly
               | and instead i said, "well you have no idea what you're
               | talking about". i could've been more graceful with that,
               | or just ignored you.
               | 
               | anyway, thank you for sharing your (wrong) opinion about
               | whether or not a coop is socialist.
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | "being a contrarian doesn't mean you're right" - oh the
               | irony
               | 
               | You never had an argument beyond "I'm right and you're
               | wrong" lmao.
               | 
               | I asked you to respond to specific questions like:
               | Explaining how a privately owned, for-profit org (a coop)
               | can exist in a socialist world. You ignored it and have
               | now devolved to emotional responses only.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | i'm not responding to those comments because you clearly
               | aren't informed about the definition of socialism,
               | particularly the nuances and the debates that leftists
               | have about this definition all of the time. nor do you
               | understand what a cooperative is. it's not worth my time
               | to go tit for tat in a debate if we're not operating on
               | the same knowledge, and you're not willing to learn.
               | 
               | you are just somebody who argues on the internet, a
               | natural contrarian who thinks they are right about
               | everything, while being totally wrong. i call it the
               | hacker news contrarian effect. it's quite amazing to
               | witness. good day, sir.
        
               | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
               | a political and economic theory of social organization
               | which advocates that the means of production,
               | distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated
               | by the community as a whole
               | 
               | The community is normal understood as the complete body
               | politic.
               | 
               | A partnership is not socialistic. Lawyers are
               | capitalistic in most books, but they have partnerships.
               | 
               | The organization of a business doesn't matter in
               | capitalism. Capitalism, boiled down to private property
               | and market. A co-op competing with other companies
               | largely without price control is just as capitalistic as
               | IBM or Google.
        
             | greenie_beans wrote:
             | "capitalism" is simply a way to organize an enterprise. an
             | enterprise can participate in a market without structuring
             | the organization as a capitalist enterprise. free market !=
             | capitalism. american-style capitalism consists of a
             | political system that supports the capitalist enterprise
             | structure.
        
               | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
               | Definition of capitalism: an economic and political
               | system in which a country's trade and industry are
               | controlled by private owners for profit.
               | 
               | The private owner here is a co-op. Not socialist.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | this is wrong. see my comment here:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40145796
        
             | dbingham wrote:
             | Because labor is calling the shots and reaping the
             | benefits, not the capital investors.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _co-op customers are treated better and receive better
           | service_
           | 
           | I'd argue this is because a co-op can attract higher-quality
           | workers for less than a purely profit-minded shareholder-
           | owned business. (Similar to companies with a unique culture.)
           | Generalise the model and you'll get the co-op equivalent of
           | the 70s-era UAW running roughshod where they can.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I think alternatively/additively they may be more
             | responsive around firing ineffective staff, and a culture
             | of productivity. When workers/managers directly pay for
             | their co-worker's unproductiveness, they have an incentive
             | to replace opposed to simply hire more additional staff.
        
           | rybosworld wrote:
           | Co-op is not a socialist model at all. It's just an
           | alternative corporate structure.
        
             | thesuitonym wrote:
             | It's the workers owning the means of production, in what
             | way is that not socialist?
        
               | teaearlgraycold wrote:
               | It is. People don't realize socialism isn't mutually
               | exclusive with capitalism.
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | That's a bastardized interpretation of what socialism is.
               | 
               | Socialism is defined by social ownership. The society as
               | a whole owns production, rather than individuals or
               | groups.
               | 
               | A coop is a just group that divides up ownership among
               | all the workers, not the society/community. The division
               | isn't necessarily even. And the workers don't necessarily
               | have 100% ownership between them. For example, there are
               | coops with publicly traded stock.
               | 
               | A coop can be, and often is, still privately owned.
               | 
               | If you're definition of socialism is "Workers owning
               | means of production" (which by the way, is not and never
               | has been the definition), then every FAANG is a socialist
               | entity for awarding their employees shares.
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | There is a full spectrum of left ideologies that call
               | themselves Socialist, so your claim of "is not and never
               | has been the definition" is flatly wrong. Collectivists
               | and Syndicalists, in particular, are Socialist schools
               | that are strongly onboard with worker co-ops (typically
               | described as trade unions running their businesses).
               | 
               | And FAANGS are not owned by their workers, full stop.
               | Less than 5% of Google's shares are owned by employees,
               | and most of those shares are owned by management. Bezos
               | personally owns more Amazon shares than everyone else in
               | the workforce combined, Meta is well known for being in a
               | strange situation where Zuckerberg personally owns more
               | than half of all voting shares. Vanguard owns more shares
               | in Netflix than the entire workforce combined. Apple has
               | negligible employee owned shares.
               | 
               | Your misinterpretation comes from a willful twisting of
               | the words "workers" (does not typically mean "the founder
               | personally") and "owning" (which is typically understood
               | as "having control over" rather than "maybe could break
               | the tie between a handful of investment firms").
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | Is a law firm socialist?
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | ignore him, he's got hacker news debate bro vibes.
        
             | orwin wrote:
             | It is the worker owning the mean of production, so i don't
             | think you can do more socialist than that to be honest,
             | it's almost the definition of socialism (communism for
             | fellow europeans).
             | 
             | You can find some differences between western co-op and the
             | socialist ideal (mainly, you still have hierarchy and a
             | power structure mostly determined by how much you make),
             | but to me it seems mostly academics.
        
               | rybosworld wrote:
               | Workers participating in ownership is not what socialism
               | is.
               | 
               | Socialism is about societal ownership. A coop is not
               | societal ownership. It is still private ownership in
               | practice.
               | 
               | How many tech workers own shares in their company? Are
               | those companies socialist?
        
               | OkayPhysicist wrote:
               | This is one of those cases where subtly different
               | definitions of technical words are being used in
               | contradictory ways. A very common definition for
               | capitalism vs socialism in Leftist spaces is concerned
               | with power and economics, with socialism being when labor
               | has the power to dictate the allocation of capital,
               | whereas capitalism is where capital has the power to
               | dictate the allocation of labor.
               | 
               | A more political definition looking at government is
               | "socialism is when capital is allocated for the benefit
               | of the collective, capitalism is when individuals are
               | granted exclusive ownership of capital to allocate how
               | they choose".
               | 
               | Note that a worker's co-op meets the first definition of
               | socialism, and the second definition of capitalism.
        
         | Dibby053 wrote:
         | >in most cases where co-ops compete with regular capitalist
         | businesses they go extinct
         | 
         | After seeing time and time again the success of workers of
         | bankrupted companies pulling up their compensations and
         | unemployment benefits to rebuild the company in a co-op model,
         | I wonder if it's not the opposite.
         | 
         | "Money attracts money", and I don't think it's too crazy to
         | think that if everybody had access to low-interest credit under
         | the same conditions as the big players, this model would be the
         | norm, rather than the exception.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | "Everyone has access to low-interest credit under the same
           | conditions as the big players." just sounds like a fantastic
           | (in the fantasy sense) recipe for inflation as the underlying
           | capital and goods sought remain constant but the monetary
           | supply increases. In addition to potentially creating
           | something resembling another 2007 financial crisis worth of
           | mispackaged bad debts.
        
             | Dibby053 wrote:
             | Central banks fought the 2007 crisis by increasing the
             | monetary supply of a receding economy, so I don't see how
             | removing the intermediaries and having the central bank
             | itself allocate the resources in a fair way could make
             | things worse than they are now.
             | 
             | I'm not talking about letting people borrow at 0% to spend
             | in food and utilities. What I'm thinking of is a system
             | where the path from business plan to business isn't
             | determined as much by the amount of capital one already
             | has, which is what causes the usual corporate structures to
             | be formed in the first place: those who assume "all" the
             | risk in turn receive "all" the benefits.
             | 
             | That often doesn't reflect the real stakes at play.
             | Investors can have a diversified portfolio (and often
             | plenty of spare capital for more tries), while workers
             | invest 100% of their work on the same company for years or
             | decades. The co-op model is more natural but the dynamics
             | of money make it more rare than it should be.
        
         | marssaxman wrote:
         | That may well be what tends to happen in the large-scale
         | economy, but in my personal experience, co-ops crowd other
         | businesses out over time because they are far less likely to
         | piss me off and alienate me. At this point "co-op" has become a
         | pretty strong quality signal: it's not going to be flashy, and
         | it might be a little inefficient, but it will always be
         | _decent_.
        
         | sangnoir wrote:
         | REI competes with corporates just fine in the US, a country so
         | capitalist they still ask everyone it they ever were associated
         | with Communism before they let them visit - more than 2 decades
         | after the fall of the USSR.
        
       | Nifty3929 wrote:
       | I'd love to see more details about the business model and
       | corporate structure and how it works. Also, they mention that the
       | workers are "liable for any losses." - How does that work? If I
       | own a share of Acme stock, I'm not liable for their losses,
       | though the value of my share may go to zero.
       | 
       | Pretty interesting idea. Are there other examples as well?
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | Wikipedia has a list:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_worker_cooperatives?wp...
         | 
         | In the US, I'm most familiar with Equal Exchange (fair trade
         | coffee), Nebula (creator owned YouTube for documentaries), TESA
         | (educational board games), Alvarado St Bakery (the tiger-
         | branded breads available in many stores).
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | It maybe "liable for losses" in the way that shareholders often
         | are - if they want the company to continue when it is losing
         | money, they need to "pony up" and invest more.
         | 
         | But it may be a different type of corporation than the standard
         | US "limited liability" type (where you can only have your
         | shares go to zero unless you're significantly materially
         | involved AND do criminal shit).
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | If you run ACME as sole proprietorship S-corp in the US, you
         | are also on the hook for the losses. If you spend 9K but spent
         | 10k, you have 1K less in your bank at the end of the year.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | > The salary differential between the highest and lowest paid
       | workers in Mondragon, for example, remains about six to one; for
       | the largest 500 listed companies in the US, the gap is closer to
       | 272 to one. At the year end, members of Mondragon's co-operatives
       | also decide collectively on whether they should pay themselves
       | bonuses and, if so, how much. This profit-sharing comes in
       | addition to a base pay rate that, on average, is 40% above
       | Spain's minimum wage.
       | 
       | Workers are better off.
        
       | usrusr wrote:
       | It's an amazing success story (even if surely not without any bad
       | spots), it makes me happy just knowing that it exists.
       | 
       | But I do wonder how much of its workability hinges on Basque
       | nationalism rechanneled into something more useful than
       | nationalism usually is. If that nationalism also had something
       | like an independent state as a default outlet, the balance
       | between cohesion and corruption creep might shift just enough
       | across a tipping point. I'm really not sue that it can be
       | replicated (but I'd love to be proven wrong!)
        
         | Arkhaine_kupo wrote:
         | > But I do wonder how much of its workability hinges on Basque
         | nationalism rechanneled into something more useful than
         | nationalism usually is.
         | 
         | Basically none, it does not hinge on that.
         | 
         | If anything basque nationalism hurts the proyect more than it
         | helps. Many of the workers in the basque country came "to
         | disrupt" basque nationalism. So many of the old workforce in
         | Mondragon is not basque born.
         | 
         | there was a civil war in spain, most of the industrial capacity
         | was destroyed in the country but not in the basque country.
         | There was a nationalist movement there, so the far right
         | dictatorship thought they had a great strategy. Move people
         | from poor spain to the basque country, you utilise the little
         | industry that remains and you take over the nationalism with
         | people who feel spanish.
         | 
         | The only bit of Basque "nationalism" that helped mondragon was
         | that many of its competitors were kicked out. In the 70s and
         | 80s a ton of american companies came to Spain, the far right
         | dictator hiding his axis friends allied with america in
         | exchange for some military bases and allowed american expansion
         | in Spain. Basque country having some of the largest industrial
         | network was a prime candidate for their location. Then the 80s
         | and 90s had a ton of terrorism which scared american companies
         | which left industrial giants like Mondragon without
         | competition.
         | 
         | So basque nationalism played little part in its success, its
         | more like the American boom of the 1950s, everyone else had a
         | detroyed industry and they didnt so there was a boom. Basque
         | country had the same thing but instead of building coca cola
         | and taking over south american countries to sell cheap bananas
         | they opened cooperatives. There is little reason other than
         | chance that Sillicon Valley is not like that, early companies
         | like IBM could have set up as coopearatives and their early
         | advanatge would not have been disrupted in the sleightest.
        
           | greenie_beans wrote:
           | are there any books you'd recommend to learn more about this
           | history?
        
             | Arkhaine_kupo wrote:
             | Any part you would be interested in particularly?
             | 
             | I just grew up there, so most of it was less books and more
             | just personal experience. But there are no few resources,
             | books, shows or documentaries about the area.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | most curious to learn more about the civil war.
        
               | Arkhaine_kupo wrote:
               | There are a number of famous english speaking authors
               | that have done pretty good work around it.
               | 
               | On non fiction you have "The spanish civil war" by Thomas
               | Hugh.
               | 
               | On the fiction side you have "For whom the bell tolls" by
               | Ernst hemingway and "Homage to Catalonia" by George
               | Orwell
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Thanks, the part about that area being an industry hotspot
           | after the civil war was completely new to me. From my German
           | perspective, Spanish history with all its disconnect from the
           | three "big stories" of the twentieth century almost feels
           | like from a different timeline!
        
         | mzs wrote:
         | I think it's more based on the schooling in CST:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching
        
       | JTbane wrote:
       | C-suite salaries are so high in America I'm wondering if these
       | sort of co-ops could be more competitive on that cost saving
       | alone.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | Jamie Dimon, the CEO of JPMorgan Chase, was paid $36M in 2023.
         | The company had, at the end of the year, 310,000 employees. So
         | we can assume that if got paid zero, the company would've been
         | able to distribute about $116 to each of them. Doesn't look
         | very compelling to me, in that particular case.
        
           | enraged_camel wrote:
           | Cool, now combine the salaries of the entire C-suite. That's
           | what the parent comment is referring to.
        
             | nullhole wrote:
             | Also maybe do it across a few more industries.
        
               | yakshaving_jgt wrote:
               | Also maybe move whatever other goalposts you can find
               | until the Marxist theory begins to make sense.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Also keep stubbornly clinging to the idea that organizing
               | and coordinating workers is not real work.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | It is, but it's not worth the massive sums some
               | executives pay themselves.
        
               | enraged_camel wrote:
               | Haha, imagine being the type of person who attacks anyone
               | who criticizes ultra-high C-suite salaries by calling
               | them a "Marxist".
        
               | yakshaving_jgt wrote:
               | How is it an attack? What would be a more accurate
               | descriptor for someone who appears to subscribe to the
               | idea of an oppressed class and an oppressor class?
        
               | enraged_camel wrote:
               | This has nothing to do with class warfare. We're talking
               | about individuals who make several orders of magnitude
               | more money than regular employees, despite the
               | impossibility of demonstrating that they add an
               | equivalent amount of value to the organization. The idea
               | isn't "everyone should make the same amount", the idea is
               | that pay should be proportional to one's value add.
        
               | TheGamerUncle wrote:
               | Lmao this is not marxism this is much much closer to
               | falangism and Catholic Syndicalism. Also answering to
               | your comment "How is it an attack? What would be a more
               | accurate descriptor for someone who appears to subscribe
               | to the idea of an oppressed class and an oppressor
               | class?"
               | 
               | Nobody talked about that or said that they just asked to
               | replicate the model in more industries, and seeing the
               | sorry state of many products, that seems wise.
               | 
               | As someone that escaped a socialist country, I can and
               | will have to ask you to take five minutes to enage with
               | people comments instead of blindly barking.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | You end up with ~$2300 more per employee, assuming they all
             | get paid the same and there are 20 of them. Which still
             | isn't much.
        
               | skciva wrote:
               | Ask the average American worker if they'd like an extra
               | $2300 a year. And yes I understand thats pre-tax. But
               | even so, thats a non-negligible amount for a lot of
               | people.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I'm not diaagreeing, but most of the people working for
               | JPM are not average.
        
               | dh2022 wrote:
               | For whom $2,300 / year is meaningful is, dare I say, hard
               | to answer question. Most of the people for whom an
               | additional $2,300 / year is meaningful pay little to no
               | taxes. However, a large chunk of these people also get
               | Earning Income Credit. These people would lose at least
               | part of this credit if their income increases. This
               | question I believe can be answered by the bi-partisan
               | U.S. Government Accountability Office or U.S Treasury-
               | they certainly have the income returns for all Americans.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | Stepped tax thresholds are always a problem when they
               | incentivise low-earners to keep their income below a
               | certain, arbitrary level. However, it would be
               | inappropriate to deny employees a raise based on the
               | existence of tax levels - after all, wouldn't the
               | employees pay exactly no tax at all if they weren't paid?
               | The tax is also guaranteed in most cases to improve the
               | economy of the local area. I don't know the specifics of
               | how it works in the USA, but I am aware of 'buy American'
               | policies for federal public spending and equivalent rules
               | for local government.
               | 
               | Say an employee effectively gets $10 less money, but the
               | company effectively now pays the government $1000 in the
               | same period. That might mean new bus subsidies, legal
               | aid, development grants... things which make everyone
               | slightly better off in the long-term. I think that's a
               | good trade-off.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > For whom $2,300 / year is meaningful is, dare I say,
               | hard to answer question
               | 
               | There were many articles written on the impact of the
               | 2021 Advance Child Tax Credit (up to $1,800 per child
               | over a 6 month period). The impact was very significant
               | on lower-income families - which makes sense because for
               | those earning less than $40,000 per year, that amount is
               | more than the amount in one's paystub.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | And how many JPmorgan employees fall into that category?
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | Glassdoor tells me the salaries of JPMorgan tellers
               | ranges from $38,000 - $62,000 with a median of $42,000.
               | So without digging into salary distribution at the entire
               | company, I can yell you with certainty that it's a non-
               | zero fraction.
        
               | andrekandre wrote:
               | thats still 2000+ dollars per employee that can go into
               | the economy, or help a family get through a rough patch
               | no?
        
               | Arkhaine_kupo wrote:
               | JP Morgan works in 65 countries, in some of them 2300
               | would be a year of salary.
               | 
               | Venezuela avg salary 230$ per month
               | 
               | Vietnam avg salary 277$ per month
               | 
               | Lebanon avg salary 190$ per month
               | 
               | Nigeria avg salary 730$ per month
               | 
               | Pakistan avg salary 293$ per month
        
               | dfadsadsf wrote:
               | In all those countries, average salary for JP Morgan
               | employees is significantly higher (especially if you
               | include expats). Also I think you are significantly off
               | with Nigeria avg salary - no way it's so high in such a
               | poor country.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Nigeria is tricky - I've seen estimates ranging from
               | $130-$750. World Bank classifies it as a "lower middle
               | income" country at this point, which would suggest they
               | at least think the median is <$4k or so per year, I
               | think.
        
             | Kalium wrote:
             | OK. Let's assume that the rest of the C-suite combines to
             | give that number a solid 5x multiplier. How accurate that
             | is is left as an exercise to the reader, but be aware that
             | the CEO is almost always the highest-paid member of a
             | C-suite.
             | 
             | That would turn $116 into $580 per year. Spread out, that
             | would be approximately $22.30 per paycheck if biweekly, or
             | $24.16 if twice a month. All before taxes, of course. Real
             | life-changing money for hundreds of thousands of people,
             | right?
             | 
             | The point here is not that spreading the money from the
             | C-suite to the workers is in any way a bad idea. The point
             | is that it doesn't go nearly as far as we might like to
             | think. We might want to adjust our policy preferences and
             | goals to reflect reality instead of dreaming of us all
             | dining endlessly on the the fat of the C-suite.
             | 
             | Oh, and here's a reference for C-suite comp at JP Morgan
             | Chase. Reliability unknown, but if accurate it means my
             | assumption of a 5x multiplier is overly generous:
             | https://www1.salary.com/JPMORGAN-CHASE-and-CO-Executive-
             | Sala...
        
               | hawk_ wrote:
               | > instead of dreaming of us all dining endlessly on the
               | the fat of the C-suite.
               | 
               | I thought the issue with such high/concentrated C-suite
               | compensation isn't the envy (though that may be the case
               | for some). The issue is that just by squeezing $116 per
               | employee such a CEO can pay herself. Like if removing
               | armrests from all employee chairs nets you a few
               | additional millions of dollars, the temptation to do so
               | exists.
               | 
               | If there was no such C-suite, there would be less
               | incentives for pennypinching over basic employee
               | wellbeing.
        
               | Kalium wrote:
               | If you look at sibling comments, you'll find a whole
               | discussion where users talk about the major significance
               | to many people of a different numerical estimate. With
               | that in mind, I think that for many people the issue is
               | indeed greater employee income instead of avoiding
               | pennypinching over basic employee wellbeing.
        
           | DragonStrength wrote:
           | I believe the idea is you replace individuals who solely
           | manage across the board, with the idea management is really a
           | part time job. That so many executives split their time would
           | suggest that might very well be the case. With that in mind,
           | there are many efficiencies imaginable beyond just the
           | C-suite. And the employees now have ownership, so they have
           | more of a reason to take up more responsibility than the
           | current environment where employees are increasingly detached
           | from their work, for good reason.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Huh, that sounds like taking yet another full-time job and
             | smearing its workload across everyone. That already
             | happened with quite a lot of occupations - thanks to
             | "increased productivity" brought by computers, a typical
             | white-collar employee is now _also_ doing the job of a
             | secretary (calendar, mail, setting up meetings), graphics
             | department (PowerPoint), financial department (managing and
             | reporting travel expenses), and couple other ones as well.
             | 
             | And then everyone is surprised that real productivity
             | doesn't seem to track the theoretical increase brought by
             | technology. Well, maybe because most of that turns out to
             | be replacing legible expense (salaries of well-defined
             | jobs) with larger, illegible ones (everyone else doing tiny
             | bit of extra work). Feels to me that your proposal would
             | end up being just another case of that.
        
               | jancsika wrote:
               | > graphics department (PowerPoint)
               | 
               | You started the paragraph with the word "workload," but
               | here the load is about as close to zero for the average
               | employee as one could get without being pedantic about
               | it.
               | 
               | People aren't using virtual brushes and learning color
               | theory to digitally paint their PowerPoints, or even
               | composing their slides effectively in the visual space
               | provided as a graphic designer would in Photoshop. They
               | are writing and revising their drafts _in_ PowerPoint,
               | often using the default templates or perhaps 2-3 minutes
               | of trying out different themes.
               | 
               | That ends up smearing all the costs and benefits of
               | default PowerPoint look-and-feel across the audience for
               | all these boring presentations.
               | 
               | But I claim the cost to the employee's time and education
               | due to them _technically_ having taken on the
               | responsibilities of a graphic designer are, on average,
               | effectively zero.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | Maybe I named the department wrong, but my point is, back
               | before PowerPoint, in the era of more analog
               | presentations, large companies had a separate group of
               | people you would ask to prepare charts and graphics for
               | your presentation. Nowadays, you have to do it yourself.
               | 
               | My point is that all of us are constantly distracted by
               | random, intermittent tasks outside our specializations,
               | which previously were done by dedicated specialists -
               | people who could afford to become proficient at that
               | work. This is a huge productivity hit for everyone.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | A few corporations still have a separate department
               | dedicated entirely to generating things like PowerPoints.
               | McKinsey for example. The consultants are good at
               | creating PowerPoints if they need to, but they can just
               | outline it or flesh it out as much as they like and toss
               | it over the fence to the "PowerPoint department" which
               | will complete it overnight based on the
               | instructions/outline/information/draft sent in by the
               | requesting consultant.
        
         | tossandthrow wrote:
         | If we factor in not just C-suite but the entire middle to top
         | management, then I definitely think there is something to come
         | for.
         | 
         | Though, in the end, the US is extremely adversarial. So these
         | people standing to loose out on the competition would do
         | anything to stifle such innovations.
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | The US reputedly has the best Democracy money can buy.
        
           | dexterdog wrote:
           | So in this utopia does the organization run with no
           | management at all or does management all work for $0?
        
             | mvc wrote:
             | Unlike some of these executives, we're not animals. We
             | won't make them work for less than the living wage.
             | 
             | But there will be fewer perks.
        
         | zbyforgotp wrote:
         | It is an interesting question why they don't outcompete other
         | businesses.
        
           | yoyohello13 wrote:
           | Most likely because growth is not really the primary goal.
           | 
           | If an organization has any goals besides growth at all costs
           | it will fall behind.
        
           | office_drone wrote:
           | The simple explanation is that the actions of C-suite
           | executives add value, even after factoring in their
           | compensation
        
             | skulk wrote:
             | shades of https://www.newyorker.com/cartoon/a16995
        
         | AndrewKemendo wrote:
         | It's really the non-employee shareholders that take the value,
         | so instead of comparing with CEO and management, you should
         | instead be asking:
         | 
         | "How to transfer ownership of all publicly traded shares such
         | that they are owned solely by the employees and not non-
         | employee investors"
         | 
         | CEOs and management are simply there to prevent the above from
         | happening, which is why they are paid by the board so much.
         | 
         | The boards are the unelected non-employee owners that need to
         | go away
        
         | Ericson2314 wrote:
         | C-suite compensation, especially stock-based, is often in part
         | to ensure management loyalty to shareholders vs other things.
         | Worker board membership means management once again has
         | competing loyalties, but now _de jure_. That means it is not
         | worth it to the share holders to pay the extra  "ransom
         | compensation", in addition to workers probably outright being
         | against it. I would thus expect C-suite compensation to go
         | down.
        
           | FrustratedMonky wrote:
           | "ensure management loyalty to shareholders"
           | 
           | Everyone's pay is to keep them, isn't it? Nobody is loyal
           | beyond being paid.
           | 
           | Do CEO's really provide so much 'extra' benefit to justify
           | the premium? Is their loyalty in particular worth paying so
           | much for?
           | 
           | I'm just not seeing how 'ransom' is needed. Isn't growing a
           | healthy business supposed to be the goal for CEO and Board?
           | And if employee owned, it is same.
           | 
           | The only reason to pay the extra 'ransom' to be loyal to
           | shareholders, is when they want the CEO to do things that are
           | 'not' for the benefit of the company, but only to benefit
           | shareholders, who can sell and exit.
        
             | monknomo wrote:
             | I think the question is who is the business healthy for,
             | and who is the c-suite and up loyal to?
             | 
             | It is possible, and even likely, that a healthy business
             | differs in some material ways for a CEO+board than its
             | employees, though I also expect there are also overlaps
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | They actually have a lot of difficulty in hiring good directors
         | for this exact reason, they have widened the gap several times
         | and are planning to keep widening it.
        
           | office_drone wrote:
           | Coops have a hard time hiring directors because they can get
           | paid more in standard corporations?
           | 
           | What a heartwarming story of employees knowing their worth
           | and not settling for less.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | For all the fearmongering of the Red Scare, this is what
       | socialism looks like. Socialism is an industrial co-op like this
       | where workers are fairly paid for their labor. Capitalism is
       | Walmart where all profits are captured by a handful of
       | shareholders and executives, being subsidized by the Federal
       | government through food stamps to employees and decimating local
       | economies to the point where they're left with dollar stores.
       | 
       | There's a Tiktoker who is having the Amish build a barn on the
       | land she bought in upstate New York and she keeps calling them
       | "capitalist". The Amish in question are entrepreneurial for sure
       | but that's not capitalism. The Amish keep their surplus labor
       | value. It saddens me to see how fundamentally people
       | misunderstand what capitalism actually is.
       | 
       | All we've done is replace the divine right of kings and landed
       | aristocracy with the capital-owning class of the likes of Jeff
       | Bezos. It's sad to see how many people champion their own serfdom
       | when examples like Mondragon show it doesn't have to be that way.
        
         | mgaunard wrote:
         | In my experience, people would rather be employees paid in cash
         | whose amount is agreed ahead of time than partners where
         | they're paid depending on the company's profits.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | I have been wondering if you could make it work in Silicon
           | Valley for a small firm. Take 2-10 people that could be
           | founders and give them the alternative of being the Nth
           | partner. They'd need to bring in 1/N of the profit to earn
           | their keep. I think it's doable.
        
             | monknomo wrote:
             | I have long suspected a model like this, borrowing from
             | lawyer shops and worker co-ops, could be pretty good for
             | software. Since software is sort of inherently project
             | based, could have a mix of product and contracting, and
             | could have wins both on the co-op side and whoever the co-
             | op is doing work for/selling product to
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | They already exist, but aren't especially common.
             | 
             | As you point out, the challenge is always around revenue
             | sharing. From what I have seen, they last maybe 5 years and
             | then break up when people feel like they are putting in
             | more than they are getting out.
             | 
             | The productive difference between the top and bottom half
             | of the N needs to be less than the extra efficiency the
             | coop provides the top half of N. This isn't easy.
             | 
             | Eg top performer brings in 150k revenue, receives 100k
             | salary, but can only make <100k without the coop.
        
               | teaearlgraycold wrote:
               | Others have brought up this issue when I've discussed it
               | with them. I wonder if there's a solution. Perhaps
               | something in game theory? When productivity is more
               | easily measured then there's little debate - like making
               | commission on sales.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | There are a lot of solutions, each with different
               | tradeoffs. By far the most common solution seen is
               | limited Partnerships, where those individuals with enough
               | Revenue and Leverage become the co-owners, and those that
               | are replaceable are not co-owners but receives the salary
               | based on Market rates.
               | 
               | I'm sure commission works well in companies where
               | individual basically Works in isolation, but it is
               | notoriously difficult to quantify productivity in teams
               | and larger organizations. How much value does a engineer
               | at Google create? Does a janitor at Google create? Of
               | course you can divide the company profit by headcount,
               | but that number is largely meaningless. Some people will
               | be far higher some people will provide negative value.
               | 
               | For a co-ops, I think the game theory solution quickly
               | converges on something that looks like a traditional
               | company. You pay employees a market salary, and then
               | split the corporate dividend proportional to salary. To
               | account for differences in performance, the employees
               | hire management too fire workers and give out raises.
               | This works well for large co-ops, but obviously can lead
               | to a lot of drama for a 10-person company
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | I think that could change if the workers are not living
           | paycheck to paycheck. It would also probably be possible to
           | develop some sort of middle ground. For example, workers
           | could be paid a conservative salary and then profits could be
           | distributed as a bonus at the end of the year.
        
             | Nasrudith wrote:
             | It could with hierarchy of needs, but what would the gain
             | really be of doing so? Mostly ideological. And that is
             | putting aside any of the other 'competitive balance issues'
             | vs other business structures.
        
           | RetroTechie wrote:
           | Depends on how much say they have.
           | 
           | If employees have no say in how the company is run, CEO &
           | board could easily run it into the ground (but jump ship with
           | a gold parachute), then: yeah, most people will prefer a
           | fixed paycheck.
           | 
           | But if regular employees are at the helm, company is more
           | likely to do what's in the (long-term!) interest of
           | employees.
           | 
           | Surely that'll make employees more willing to share in
           | financial risks (+rewards!) of the organization. They're more
           | personally invested in it - literally.
           | 
           | Let's hope this model gains more traction.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | Doesn't that depend on how profitable the company usually is?
           | I know plenty of people in the finance world who, if paid
           | only their salary, would be searching for a different job.
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | Socialism is a big tent, by definition that's only one possible
         | manifestation. Incidentally co-ops are not mutually exclusive
         | with Capitalism (private property + market economy), for the
         | same reason mixed-market economy (as practiced by most liberal
         | democracies) represents not purely one thing or another. Co-ops
         | are nothing new.
         | 
         | > The Amish keep their surplus labor value.
         | 
         | People don't want to live like the Amish.
         | 
         | > It saddens me to see how fundamentally people misunderstand
         | what capitalism actually is.
         | 
         | The right to private property + market economy.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | > _People don 't want to live like the Amish._
           | 
           | To the OP's point, do you think living like the Amish is
           | necessary to keeping surplus labor value?
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Labor theory of value is bunk.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | > Incidentally co-ops are not mutually exclusive with
           | Capitalism (private property + market economy),
           | 
           | As I just explained, that's not what capitalism is.
           | Capitalism is a relatively new invention (~500 years) that
           | arose from the ashes of feudalism. Exact same economic
           | structure. Different exploiters.
           | 
           | Consider this: markets exist in supposedly non-capitalist
           | countries. They existed in the Communist bloc. We've got
           | cuneiform tablets describing markets going back 5000+ years.
           | Capitalism didn't create markets or a market economy.
           | 
           | This is what I mean when I say that not only do people not
           | know what scoaialism is, they don't know what capitalism is
           | either. Yet the instinct to defend it is so strong,
           | particularly in Americans. That too is relatively new.
           | Abraham Lincoln was a Marxist, for example.
           | 
           | > People don't want to live like the Amish.
           | 
           | Who says they have to? We can point to an example of people
           | living co-operatively in, oh I don't know, the article of
           | this submission?
           | 
           | > The right to private property + market economy.
           | 
           | Then why did market economies exist before and outside
           | capitalism? Private property is a core tenet of liberalism
           | (which really means "neoliberalism" today). Private property
           | in capitalism can be more accurately traced back to
           | enclosures, which are really an evolution of land grants
           | under feudalism.
        
             | namlem wrote:
             | Private property under feudalism wasn't available to all.
             | There can be no capitalism without liberalism. Property
             | rights as a matter of law and everyone being equal under
             | the law is essential.
             | 
             | Earlier partial market economies were in practice more like
             | command economies with relatively small free markets in
             | certain sectors.
        
               | jmyeet wrote:
               | Monarchs and nobles having estates is functionally
               | indistinguishable from private property.
        
               | namlem wrote:
               | They key difference is that _only_ nobles could have
               | private property.
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Capitalism has a definition, and you don't get to change
             | it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism
             | 
             | > supposedly non-capitalist countries.
             | 
             | They are State Capitalist. There's no supposition about it.
             | That the governing body is captured by Communist ideologues
             | has no bearing. Hence there are now billionaires operating
             | in China and Russia.
             | 
             | > They existed in the Communist bloc.
             | 
             | They were re-introduced so fast it would make your head
             | spin when Lenin's reforms were shown to be a disaster.
             | 
             | > Capitalism didn't create markets or a market economy.
             | 
             | I did not say so, and this is perhaps where your confusion
             | lies. I said Capitalism is the right to private property
             | and a market economy. I did not say markets are strictly
             | endemic to Capitalism. Although you'll find no scalable one
             | in a liberal democracy devoid of Capitalism.
             | 
             | > We can point to an example of people living co-
             | operatively in, oh I don't know, the article of this
             | submission?
             | 
             | A co-op is not tantamount to a society, it's an employer.
             | The existence of a co-op in itself does not jeopardize the
             | right to private property, or by extension Capitalism.
             | 
             | This is why the quiet part the zealots eventually meander
             | to is "see, we just have to _force_ people to... "
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | > _Abraham Lincoln was a Marxist, for example._
             | 
             | Is this widely accepted by historians or is this a fringe
             | theory? Marx's _Capital_ wasn 't published until after
             | Lincoln's death, so I'm a bit skeptical.
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | Socialism as practiced also implies heavy centralized planning
         | to mandate these arrangements and then set price floors and
         | ceilings to set production capacity.
         | 
         | The Amish tend to reject social ownership of land so they are
         | not socialist or communist by any means. Distributist would
         | probably be the best description with any mention in the
         | literature.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | Centralized planning is only a feature of certain forms of
           | socialism. It's generally not a feature of democratic
           | socialism or the various anarchist forms of socialism.
        
           | piva00 wrote:
           | Heavily centralised economic planning is a feature of
           | Marxism-Leninism, not of Socialism.
        
             | monknomo wrote:
             | well, also the modern corporation. I think the centralized
             | planning aspect is actual orthogonal to the resource
             | distribution/means of production aspect
        
           | FrustratedMonky wrote:
           | What large corporation doesn't have central planning? Do you
           | think every factory just makes up their own schedule and
           | makes what they want?
        
         | dlachausse wrote:
         | The problem is that socialism doesn't scale without force.
         | Eventually you'll run out of people who willingly go along with
         | doing things for the greater good. Looking at history, once you
         | get larger than a commune or coop it all falls apart. You need
         | force to seize the means of production, and the leaders of this
         | force never give up their "temporary" powers. You also need
         | force to get people to do the necessary but undesirable jobs,
         | usually resulting in a centrally planned economy, which history
         | again tells us results in misery, famine, and failure.
         | 
         | It is also human nature that most of us want someone that tells
         | us what to do. Humans consistently organize into social
         | structures where there is a leader in charge, whether it is a
         | patriarchal or matriarchal extended family structure, a tribe,
         | a club, a company, or a government entity a leader always
         | emerges.
         | 
         | Capitalism is very much like Democracy. It's the worst system
         | other than all the others that have been tried.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | > Capitalism is very much like Democracy. It's the worst
           | system other than all the others that have been tried.
           | 
           | There are other systems that we've tried which work much
           | better than the corporate Capitalism that we have in the
           | United States. Most notably democratic socialism/social
           | democracy/mixed economies (with the exact dividing lines
           | between those three depending a lot on who you ask).
        
             | dlachausse wrote:
             | I completely agree that capitalism as we know it is highly
             | flawed, but history has proven that socialism is not the
             | answer.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Think you are mixing up Communism and Socialism.
               | 
               | Socialism is alive and well and working.
               | 
               | Every major capitalist society today (including US) has a
               | percentage of Socialism sprinkled in to keep it
               | functioning. Pure capitalism leads to a brutish tragic
               | world, so some socialism is added to at least keep people
               | from outright starving and rising up in revolution.
        
               | dlachausse wrote:
               | Yes you're talking about hybrids of socialism with
               | capitalism, which are absolutely the way to go. History
               | has shown that nation-scale "pure" socialism (which in
               | practice nearly always results in a flavor of
               | Marxism/Communism) is even more brutish and tragic than
               | "pure" capitalism.
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | What would you say about President Julius Nyerere of
               | Tanzania? His term in office was characterised by a
               | peaceful transition from British colonialism to such a
               | 'pure' form of socialism (including a full public
               | ownership of all land and enterprise). This survived for
               | three decades of almost completely peaceful, slow, and
               | steady economic growth before the 90s, when it
               | democratically voted itself into the capitalist state it
               | is now. In fact, the only war Tanzania fought in that
               | period was against Idi Amin's Uganda, which was widely
               | regarded as a far more brutish and tragic country than
               | Tanzania could ever have been accused of.
        
               | dlachausse wrote:
               | I would say that it was one of the most successful
               | attempts at nation-scale socialism, but ultimately still
               | a failed experiment. As you said yourself the people
               | themselves democratically voted for capitalism.
               | 
               | > Julius Nyerere's leadership of Tanzania commanded
               | international attention and attracted worldwide respect
               | for his consistent emphasis upon ethical principles as
               | the basis of practical policies. Tanzania under Nyerere
               | made great strides in vital areas of social development:
               | infant mortality was reduced from 138 per 1000 live
               | births in 1965 to 110 in 1985; life expectancy at birth
               | rose from 37 in 1960 to 52 in 1984; primary school
               | enrollment was raised from 25% of age group (only 16% of
               | females) in 1960 to 72% (85% of females) in 1985 (despite
               | the rapidly increasing population); the adult literacy
               | rate rose from 17% in 1960 to 63% by 1975 (much higher
               | than in other African countries) and continued to
               | rise.[4] However, Ujamaa decreased production, casting
               | doubt on the project's ability to offer economic growth.
               | 
               | > The most prominent ecological consequence during this
               | time in Tanzania was due to the forced settlements by the
               | TANU government and President Nyerere. During the time of
               | forced settlement, TANU provided more artificial means of
               | agricultural aid while cracking down on yield results and
               | as a result, production yield began to decrease and land
               | became underdeveloped. Land was not being utilized to its
               | full potential and therefore, not only were crop yields
               | subpar, but the biodiversity also became inferior.
               | 
               | > There were also internal factors that led to the
               | implosion of the Ujamaa program. The first was resistance
               | from the public. During the 1970s there was a resistance
               | from the peasantry to leave their individual farms and
               | move to communal living due to the lack of personal
               | capital that came out of the communal farms. This led
               | President Nyerere to order forced movement to Ujamaa
               | villages.
               | 
               | Above quotes were taken from
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujamaa
        
           | piva00 wrote:
           | Mondragon's example goes exactly against all of your points.
           | It's a 70k workers company ran as a co-op. You can have co-
           | ops running and trading between them, the only point where
           | capital is necessary is for investments in new businesses
           | lines (in the sense of financing capital, not all capital,
           | financing capital from banks can also come from co-op banks).
           | 
           | Undesirable jobs are done either way if people are paid,
           | there's no difference if it's run by capitalists, the
           | government or a co-op, you need to hire people and pay them.
           | A co-op would work the same way.
           | 
           | Capitalism is definitely not like Democracy, democracy has
           | been proven since ancient Greece to be a decent system to
           | organise power, and it has evolved over time to be more
           | inclusive. Capitalism has only shown that if left untamed and
           | to grow on its own it will only consume more, exploit more,
           | and remove freedoms of being a human being in the world if
           | you don't pay up.
           | 
           | Capitalism is useful but every decade it seems to be reaching
           | the limits of what it can be, no better version of capitalism
           | has emerged, every evolution of capitalism has only magnified
           | its destructive power. Democracy has done the exact opposite.
        
             | dlachausse wrote:
             | To counter you, at nation scale I can list off dozens,
             | perhaps even oven over a hundred highly successful
             | capitalist nations, with generally happy and prosperous
             | citizens, but I can't think of a single successful attempt
             | at communism/socialism at that scale.
        
             | kwere wrote:
             | capitalism is about accountability and trust at scale
             | compared to previous systems that worked on connections
             | that didnt scale well across classes / countries /
             | cultures. Bankruptcy, is probably the best idea came out
             | capitalism.
             | 
             | Competition between humans can turn ugly wheter on economic
             | or political fields and "common folks" do ends up as
             | collateral victims. Thats unchecked human nature
        
           | feedforward wrote:
           | The entire world was socialist from the time of the Lubang
           | Jereji Saleh cave paintings 40,000 years ago until 10,000
           | years ago. Societies with different classes only sprung up
           | 10,000 years ago. _They_ only scaled with force, and the
           | literature from 4000 years ago to now attests to this.
           | 
           | > Capitalism is very much like Democracy. It's the worst
           | system other than all the others that have been tried.
           | 
           | Hunter gatherer bands in the Amazon live the way they have
           | for 50,000 years - even prior to crossing the Bering Straits.
           | Whereas societies where the capitalist mode of production
           | predominant were barely even formed less than 500 years ago.
           | Also from the time of the Paris Commune to the Cold War until
           | now, it has been racked with threatening crises. Even in the
           | US we see self-described socialist politicians being elected
           | nowadays.
           | 
           | It's hard to make capitalism sound permanent when it has been
           | so impermanent.
        
             | dlachausse wrote:
             | That's not scale though. Socialism works great in small
             | loosely organized tribes, but fails at nation scale every
             | time.
        
               | namlem wrote:
               | It doesn't even work that well at the local level. The
               | Kibbutzim in Israel were socialist for like 70 years, but
               | now are almost all mixed market capitalist in some form
               | or another.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Capitalist internally or externally?
               | 
               | Do Kibbutz have highly paid CEO's that earn much more
               | than the members, and subject them to pay cuts?
               | 
               | As pointed out in this thread, a Co-op is socialist
               | internally by sharing wealth across more of the labor.
               | But capitalist externally since it sells to a capitalist
               | world.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | > Hunter gatherer bands in the Amazon live the way they
             | have for 50,000 years
             | 
             | As much as "noble savage" is a comforting story, the truth
             | is likely more complicated.
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67940671
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/2011/01/12/132853997/Amazon-Once-Was-
             | Hom...
             | 
             | https://davidgraeber.org/books/the-dawn-of-everything-a-
             | new-...
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Technically everything is more complicated. In threads
               | like this, people play fast and loose with terminology.
        
           | asimpletune wrote:
           | Well, for what it's worth democracy doesn't scale without
           | force either. Somebody, i.e. the state, has a monopoly on
           | violence, to protect our property. In any case, you're just
           | talking about state based socialism, like marxism.
           | 
           | But there are other forms of socialism that do just fine and
           | are alive today, like syndicalism. They work because they
           | don't rely on a government to exist, correctly recognizing
           | their power in industry.
           | 
           | The best years of America for the middle class were when
           | there was a good balance between decent paying, unionized
           | manufacturing jobs and the customers who chose to pay higher
           | prices and get American products.
        
             | namlem wrote:
             | Syndicalism in practice is closer to capitalism than
             | socialism, and the syndicates are the de facto state.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | There was a time when paying for US-made products was
             | paying for better quality products (among other
             | properties).
             | 
             | As offshore manufacturing got better, buying American
             | became much higher percentage "feel good" and much lower
             | percentage "get better product". Right now, there are some
             | product categories where the highest-quality product in the
             | world is not capable of being produced in the US.
        
               | dlachausse wrote:
               | Sadly true. There are also major product categories that
               | are literally impossible to buy US made goods in even if
               | you're willing to pay the premium for it. Additionally,
               | many of the "US made" products are merely assembled here
               | from foreign made components.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | > The problem is that socialism doesn't scale without force.
           | 
           | Eh, not a problem unique to socialism, or devoid from
           | capitalism.
           | 
           | The history of labor in the United States is rife with both
           | socialist (well, maybe anarchist) bomb-throwers and rich
           | capitalists hiring private armies to gun down striking
           | workers.
        
             | kwere wrote:
             | striking workers usually would occupy factories, property
             | they had no right to "seize". If workers quit / stopped
             | showing on mass, nobody would have done anything
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | Is this really socialism? It seems more like a company with
         | lots of owners. I can imagine that the local residents who must
         | buy from this cooperative may feel pretty excluded, especially
         | if the cooperative overcharges. The insiders can still screw
         | over the outsiders. It's just the proportions are a bit
         | different.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > The Amish in question are entrepreneurial for sure but that's
         | not capitalism.
         | 
         | The semantic challenge is that unlike the claimed differences
         | between communism and socialism, Capitalism and capitalism
         | share the same word, similar to Liberalism and liberalism.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Socialism (communism?) is usually framed as "workers earning
         | their full worth" but the dirty truth is that it is more
         | "workers earning their preset cut of the pie, which is
         | independent of the work they put in".
         | 
         | So while the shelf-stocker might be earning $24/hr, their
         | actual hard economic output is much less than this - $19/hr.
         | The difference is made up by the salesperson making $26/hr,
         | instead of $31/hr.
         | 
         | Many sales people might be fine with this sacrifice, but even
         | more likely will not, and will tire of being the ones who need
         | to sacrifice.
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | In a real company, it would be the shelf stocker making
           | $13/hr vs their output of $19/hr, the sales guy making $26/hr
           | vs their output of $31/hr, and some jackass who inherited an
           | oil fortune making the surplus $11/hr from their economic
           | value of $0/hr.
        
         | greenie_beans wrote:
         | > The Amish in question are entrepreneurial for sure but that's
         | not capitalism. The Amish keep their surplus labor value. It
         | saddens me to see how fundamentally people misunderstand what
         | capitalism actually is.
         | 
         | wish more people understood the historical roots of the word
         | "entrepreneur". americans conflate
         | business/enterprise/entrepreneurship with capitalism. i think
         | most people would be more open to these ideas if it weren't
         | from the misinformation dating back to the red scare.
        
         | mamonster wrote:
         | This reminds me of the yearly complaint in French politics that
         | CAC40 companies are paying monstrous dividends, to which the
         | answer is always: If they are so monstrous then surely you
         | should simply buy the shares yourself?
         | 
         | You could just be an Amazon or a Walmart shareholder by logging
         | into your Robinhood account, unlike the feudal regime where to
         | become an aristocrat you would need to be some sort of famous
         | knight, which seems much harder.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Do the CAC40 companies have fixed-percentage-of-profit
           | dividend yields?
           | 
           | Dividends (can be) just writing cheques to yourself with your
           | own money.
        
             | mamonster wrote:
             | I mean depends on if they are mature or not, but the
             | complaints in France are about the absolute amounts in
             | euro, not the %s paid out(for example this year the
             | complaints are about Total making a lot of money from oil
             | and banks making a lot of money from higher interest rates,
             | the proximal causes of both being completely outside their
             | control).
             | 
             | >Dividends (can be) just writing cheques to yourself with
             | your own money.
             | 
             | Well, yes, since as a shareholder you technically "are" the
             | company.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | First, intended or not there is an incredible amount of
           | privilege in the idea that "everyone can be a shareholder".
           | An awful lot of Americans live paycheck-to-paycheck and
           | struggle to afford housing and food. Increasing homelessness
           | is, first and foremost, a consequence of housing
           | unaffordability.
           | 
           | Second, owning 10 shares of Amazon doesn't make you a capital
           | owner. If you still need your paycheck to survive, you're a
           | worker, subject to the whims of your employer.
           | 
           | The really damaging thing about retirement accounts, for
           | example, is that it has convinced people that they are
           | current or future capital owners. It makes workers advocate
           | against their own best interests.
        
             | mamonster wrote:
             | I dare say that Americans not being able to afford housing
             | has very little to do with Walmart or Amazon, since it was
             | neither that decided to turn housing into a very safe and
             | investable financial asset, but rather the government.
             | 
             | The definition of capital owner being someone who doesn't
             | need a paycheck to survive is weird. Your average startup
             | founder needs a paycheck and he is clearly not a simple
             | worker. As soon as you own shares in a company(or a bond)
             | you are a capital owner. The question is then how much that
             | capital is worth and what you can do to make this capital
             | worth more.
        
           | Vegenoid wrote:
           | > You could just be an Amazon or a Walmart shareholder by
           | logging into your Robinhood account
           | 
           | Many Walmart and Amazon employees could not, due to lack of
           | capital.
           | 
           | Even if they did buy stock in their company, I think it's
           | pretty clear that is very different from being in a co-op as
           | described in the article.
        
         | losvedir wrote:
         | Correct me if I'm wrong, but there's nothing actually legally
         | preventing a Mondragon-type industrial co-op like this from
         | existing in the US, right?
         | 
         | That it's not so common is an interesting question: does it get
         | outcompeted by your standard corporation? Would people rather
         | generally work as employees than take on risk as owners?
         | Something else? I think in a co-op like this, employees would
         | still be eligible for food stamps, and there's nothing
         | preventing them from "decimating" a local economy, either.
         | 
         | I think this is "socialist", and it seems to be working, and
         | everyone is happy, so more power to them. But my understanding
         | is since there's nothing preventing people from setting this
         | up, the "Red Scare" was not a bunch of people going, "hey,
         | change the laws so me and my buddies can set up a co-op". Like,
         | what's the actual policy change desired? "Let folks who want to
         | run corporations and work for them do so, and let folks who
         | want to operate in a co-op do so?" No, because that's our
         | current situation.
        
           | namlem wrote:
           | There are some large co-ops in the US. The largest iirc is
           | CHS, a tier 2 co-op (co-op made of smaller co-ops).
        
           | FrustratedMonky wrote:
           | The Barrier to entry is probably capital costs.
           | 
           | Probably difficult at this point for enough lowly workers to
           | pull their money and form a company, open stores, and compete
           | with a Whole Foods.
           | 
           | The mega corps already dominate and can undercut anything
           | that is starting up.
           | 
           | Amazon is kind of like a fiefdom where if they see someone
           | building a castle in the distance, they can send some knights
           | out to attack before it gets too big.
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | Every part of our economy and government is dedicated to
           | wiping out any form of socialism.
           | 
           | A developing nation even thinks about nationalizing their
           | resource extraction? Suddenly there's a coup with the CIA's
           | fingerprints all over it.
           | 
           | NATO is a foreign policy arm of the United States dedicated
           | to crushing any leftist momentum. Hell, we recruited Nazis to
           | run it.
           | 
           | We constantly back totalitarian regimes to crush leftists.
           | 
           | At a more local level we do things like make municipal
           | broadband illegal.
           | 
           | Our government uses eminent domain to seize property for
           | corporate interests.
           | 
           | The only non-terrorist domestic law enforcement the FBI does
           | seems to be union busting.
           | 
           | We've started wars over communism.
           | 
           | We had private organizations like the Pinkertons crush
           | collective action. Look up Homestead.
           | 
           | It was rumored that when the UK wanted a post-Brexit trade
           | deal, one of our conditions was privatizing the NHS.
           | 
           | Every level of our society is devoted to crushing collective
           | action.
        
             | jhbadger wrote:
             | >A developing nation even thinks about nationalizing their
             | resource extraction Suddenly there's a coup with the CIA's
             | fingerprints all over it.
             | 
             | In the Cold War, yes, because then it was assumed (rightly
             | in some cases, wrongly in others) that any country who
             | would nationalize their stuff was simply a Soviet puppet
             | state following orders from Moscow. After the Soviet
             | collapse, that isn't what the CIA (or American policy in
             | general) cares about.
             | 
             | > NATO is a foreign policy arm of the United States
             | dedicated to crushing any leftist momentum. Hell, we
             | recruited Nazis to run it.
             | 
             | Everybody used Nazis after the war. Both the US and USSR
             | snatched up every competent Nazi scientist, engineer, and
             | intelligence officer they could and cut deals with them not
             | to charge them with war crimes if they'd work for them.
             | (Operation Paperclip for the US, Operation Osoaviakhim for
             | the USSR). And of course NATO today isn't focused on
             | containing Communism but rather the right-wing dictator who
             | rules Russia today, and unlike in the Cold War, the current
             | critics of NATO are almost entirely right-wing.
        
         | SSJPython wrote:
         | > Socialism is an industrial co-op like this where workers are
         | fairly paid for their labor.
         | 
         | What is "fair pay" for labor in your eyes? Is it the entire
         | surplus being generated? Why is that considered fair?
        
           | jmyeet wrote:
           | > Is it the entire surplus being generated?
           | 
           | Yes.
           | 
           | > Why is that considered fair?
           | 
           | Because there is no value without labor.
        
             | yakshaving_jgt wrote:
             | When the company takes a loss, do you agree that all of the
             | workers should go hungry?
        
         | namlem wrote:
         | This is not socialism, it is syndicalism. Some argue that
         | syndicalism is a type of socialism, but in practice, it behaves
         | more like a type of capitalism.
        
         | larsiusprime wrote:
         | Mondragon was founded by a Catholic priest and IMHO is more
         | accurately described as Distributist than classically
         | Socialist:
         | 
         | https://distributistreview.com/archive/mondragon-revisited?f...
        
       | Quarrel wrote:
       | The co-op structure is less used in the US, but there are quite a
       | lot of significant employee owned corporations (which come with
       | the limited liability benefits to shareholders).
       | 
       | There are also quite a few with mixed founder / employee
       | ownership. Publix for instance employ 250,000 people across their
       | supermarkets and are employee / founder owned.
       | 
       | A recent list of the largest from Oct 2023:
       | 
       | https://www.nceo.org/articles/employee-ownership-100
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | Would it be fair to say that companies like AMZN or GOOG have
         | "employee ownership" because of the stock options? If so, it
         | means many tech companies meet this definition.
        
           | dmoy wrote:
           | The percentage of ownership is relevant, as is where the
           | profit goes.
        
             | Ericson2314 wrote:
             | Board control is probably more important than profit on
             | this one, I'd say
        
               | dmoy wrote:
               | Right, percentage of ownership (since board control stems
               | from that?)
        
           | stonogo wrote:
           | Not really, but technically yes. "Employee-owned" is being
           | used in a specific way here; it's a specific form of
           | ownership governance. Most often the shares are owned by
           | employees via a trust, which the business funds. None (or
           | mostly none!) of the stock options available to Amazon or
           | Google staff are useful in terms of controlling the business.
           | When someone is using the term "employee-owned business,"
           | they are generally referring to a business in which employees
           | have actual control, not just a profit-sharing certificate.
           | 
           | Of course, any publicly-traded company can be 'employee-
           | owned' to whatever degree the employees buy shares. But this
           | term usually indicates something else.
        
           | semanticist wrote:
           | Most people working for Amazon don't get stock options, most
           | of Amazon's employees are doing stock management in
           | warehouses, delivery, etc.
           | 
           | Beyond that, stock _options_ aren't stock, and stock _grants_
           | to employees are often in restricted classes... they're not
           | meaningful employee ownership because they're structured to
           | ensure that they don't represent any kind of employee control
           | over the company.
        
             | Anon1096 wrote:
             | In many tech companies like Microsoft and Netflix, there is
             | only 1 stock class and SWE employees get stock grants that
             | aren't restricted on vest. You just conveniently picked the
             | FAANG company where most of its workforce are warehouse
             | employees.
        
               | dbingham wrote:
               | But the employees don't own a controlling share. For it
               | to be a worker cooperative it really needs to be entirely
               | owned and governed by the people working there.
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | The tradeoff is that requiring all shares be worker-owned
               | devalues the shares owned by workers, due to massively
               | reduced liquidity. This situation does not necessarily
               | benefit the workers since they have an interest in
               | maximizing the value of their share.
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | How does reduced liquidity equal lower share value?
               | 
               | Makes no sense to me.
               | 
               | Case in point example: SpaceX shares are very illiquid
               | but also very very much up since SpaceX was founded.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Suppose I own 0.01% of the company I work at. If that
               | company is publicly traded, I can sell those shares to
               | anyone.
               | 
               | If that company is a co-op in which only employees are
               | allowed to own shares, the only people I can sell my
               | shares to are other employees.
               | 
               | In general, more willing buyers (who in turn know they
               | can they sell those shares unrestricted in the future to
               | any buyer), increases the people willing to bid on those
               | shares at any given moment in time. (It's the same basic
               | reason that you'd rather have $100 in cash than $100 gift
               | card for Starbucks.)
        
               | lsaferite wrote:
               | Are you even allowed to buy/sell shares in an employee
               | owned co-op? I understood that share ownership was part
               | of employment with the company. It entitles you to a
               | share in the profits and a share in the decision making,
               | but I didn't think it was a tradable instrument itself.
        
               | pineaux wrote:
               | This is the answer to all the above. These shares give
               | you a right to part of the profit, but cannot be sold.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | What does it mean to own something that you cannot
               | sell/assign?
               | 
               | That sounds like plain old profit sharing, not ownership.
        
               | dbingham wrote:
               | Ownership in the sense of governance, not of property.
               | 
               | Worker cooperatives are organizations that are governed
               | by their workers for their workers, not owned as property
               | to be traded or sold.
        
               | nyssos wrote:
               | > How does reduced liquidity equal lower share value?
               | 
               | 1: Lower liquidity usually goes hand in hand with higher
               | transaction costs, which means a bigger gap between how
               | much the buyer pays and how much the seller walks away
               | with.
               | 
               | 2: Time value of money: Suppose some liquid asset can be
               | exchanged for $X right now, and an otherwise equivalent
               | illiquid asset can be exchanged for $X by, let's say, a
               | month from now. $X today is more valuable than $X in a
               | month, so no one is going to buy the illiquid asset today
               | for $X if they could get the liquid one instead.
        
               | xhkkffbf wrote:
               | How do you handle companies like AMZN where Jeff Bezos
               | still plays a role. Yes, he seems to be busy doing other
               | things but he does seem to have a role. And the founders
               | at all of these companies are still doing things. Even
               | Bill Gates has some kind of role, right?
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | No it wouldn't, see here for example: https://www.investopedi
           | a.com/articles/markets/011516/top-5-g.... All Google
           | employees combined own probably less than 1% of the company.
           | They would need to own at least 50% to accurately call it
           | employee-owned.
        
             | Quarrel wrote:
             | .. to be too pedantic, but it's only less than 1% if you
             | exclude the founders, who are still employees.
             | 
             | (and possibly Sundar?)
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | You're right, I didn't realize they were still actively
               | involved with the company. Sundar has 0.01% though.
        
           | dv_dt wrote:
           | There are a lot of different co-op structures and different
           | aspects of the broad term co-op. Employee ownership is one
           | aspect that could be further broken down. Profit
           | participation, worker-led governance and decision making,
           | formal legal & tax categorizations are other interesting
           | aspects.
           | 
           | Stock options in small percentages are a form of profit
           | participation but a weak contributor to the question on if a
           | business is a co-op.
        
           | btbuildem wrote:
           | It's not even in the same game, forget ballpark.
           | 
           | Rank and file aren't really "shareholders". We hold an
           | utterly insignificant stake compared to funds and other
           | corps. They can take a board of directors and bend their
           | beaks all they way back to their rectums, force them to act
           | against a company's best interests.
           | 
           | Employee ownership means the employees decide what they do
           | with the profits derived from their labour. The company
           | itself tends to benefit as well, in terms of stability,
           | quality of work life, and long-term profitability.
        
         | eatonphil wrote:
         | Co-ops in the US seems to be particularly popular in
         | agriculture.
        
           | dlachausse wrote:
           | Energy cooperatives are another thing I've seen work well
           | here in the US.
           | 
           | A house I lived in got our electricity from a Touchstone
           | Energy cooperative[1] and our rate was dirt cheap and they
           | even mailed us a dividend check every year. I've even
           | received a few checks from them after moving out of the area
           | and no longer being a customer of theirs. They had great
           | customer service too. They were significantly better in every
           | way than the regional monopolies and municipal power
           | companies I've dealt with.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.touchstoneenergy.com
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Sounds like my credit union. I call and someone picks up
             | the phone pretty quickly and competently.
             | 
             | I got in as a minor, so I paid $5 for my startup share.
             | (Adults are $25). They've been giving me a $5 dividend
             | share every year for a few decades.
             | 
             | And charge me $0/month for a pretty full-service bank
             | experience (not common at banks in Canada).
             | 
             | They're on a North American network of ATMs (Exchange &
             | Accel) so I have pretty good coverage out of town, can even
             | deposit cash/cheques into CDN partner ATMs. In a lot of
             | smaller towns, you can't bank on every big bank having a
             | branch, but a good chance of a partner credit union.
        
           | cmurf wrote:
           | I wonder if it could work for public education. Perhaps even
           | in lieu of teachers unions.
           | 
           | Much more narrowly, I wonder if it could work for certified
           | flight instructors. Most CFIs are young, know little about
           | business, marketing, tax compliance. And as a consequence are
           | often exploited by employers who misclassify them as
           | independent contractors only to pay them less, without
           | benefits, and still direct their schedules, coerce them into
           | noncompetes. A co-op would help protect their interests while
           | raising standards, in a cost efficient way.
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | One of the challenges of a co-op school is that people tend
             | to be "in the market" only whilst they have school-aged
             | children, roughly ages 5 to 18. In much the same way that
             | student involvement in higher education tends to focus
             | strongly on the few years such students are actively being
             | educated, which means that faculty, staff, and corporate
             | influence in higher educational institutions tends to
             | overwhelm student power.
             | 
             | That said, yes there are co-op schools, with the Co-Op
             | School in Brooklyn, NY, being prominent:
             | <https://thecoopschool.org/>
        
             | Kalium wrote:
             | > I wonder if it could work for public education. Perhaps
             | even in lieu of teachers unions.
             | 
             | In a very real sense, public schools are already customer-
             | owned cooperatives governed by a set of trustees elected by
             | the customer-owners.
             | 
             | That said, once you have a school owned by the teachers
             | it's no longer a public school. Public schools are funded
             | by and governed by the public. A cooperative school owned
             | by worker-owners is by definition not a public school.
        
           | Quarrel wrote:
           | Quite a few construction companies too.
        
             | xeromal wrote:
             | Seems to happen once the founder retires. My little
             | brother's tile laying business is going to distribute
             | ownership to the employees based on years + skill once the
             | founder retires. They're already highly paid and treated
             | well (they even have a 401k match which is surprising for a
             | little 30 employee construction company). I think it's the
             | way to go unless you have heirs that you want to run the
             | company.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | That sounds different than a co-op. The interesting and
               | tricky part about a co-op is navigating entry and exit.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | Isn't a coop just an employee owned company?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Worker co-ops are employee-owned companies, but not all
               | employee owned companies are co-ops.
               | 
               | The point that I was highlighting was that it comes down
               | to the Articles of Incorporation and how ownership is
               | managed on an ongoing basis. What happens when someone
               | retires or you hire someone new.
               | 
               | If I were to retire and simply give my company to my 10
               | employees, Nothing would stop them from hiring new
               | employees and not sharing ownership, leaving the company
               | and keeping ownership, or selling their ownership to a
               | third party.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | I appreciate the extra information and that's exactly
               | what I was looking for with my question. Makes total
               | sense.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | Quite, and encouraged by the USDA, see e.g.,
           | <https://www.usda.gov/topics/rural/co-ops-key-part-fabric-
           | rur...>.
           | 
           | Producer co-ops generally are at least _somewhat_ prevalent.
           | 
           | Two notable _former_ examples are Visa and Mastercard (they
           | 've since reverted to publicly-traded corporations, in the
           | aughts). Both were originally formed as co-operative ventures
           | among member banks, effectively a producer co-op.
           | 
           | I've looked into worker co-ops previously, and noted that
           | most examples seem to have relatively simple organisational
           | needs, with typical sectors being food-service (restaurants
           | and cafes), publishers, acting troupes, and if memory serves,
           | a political party. Mondragon is notable for being an
           | industrial manufacturing company.
           | 
           | There are also worker-owned (though not necessarily co-
           | operative) businesses, such as Bob's Red Mill (milling and
           | cereal products).
           | 
           | Consumer co-ops saw popularity in the 1960s and 1970s, but
           | have largely faded from view. A niche they had occupied,
           | "natural food store" is now dominated by Amazon through its
           | Whole Foods subsidiary, though there are some independent co-
           | ops still extant, often in quite unexpected locations. Three
           | Rivers Market in Knoxville, TN, comes to mind.
           | 
           | Credit Unions are another often overlooked case of co-ops ---
           | both in terms of being neglected over commercial banks _and_
           | not being recognised as co-operative businesses.
           | 
           | The Nonprofit Quartery ran a recent article on recent trends
           | in co-ops in 2022:
           | 
           | <https://nonprofitquarterly.org/where-are-new-co-ops-
           | emerging...>
           | 
           | News of a 2015 list of the top 100 US co-ops:
           | 
           | <https://www.thenews.coop/list-top-100-co-ops-usa-released/>
           | 
           | And the 2023 listing: <https://impact.ncb.coop/hubfs/Co-
           | op%20100%202023%20Report%20...> (PDF)
           | 
           | Breakout:
           | 
           | - Ag: 47 firms, $187.6 billion (59%)
           | 
           | - Finance: 17 firms, $39.1 billion (12%)
           | 
           | - Grocery: 8 firms, $33.1 billion (10%)
           | 
           | - Energy: 22 firms, $26.8 billion (8%)
           | 
           | - Hardware: 3 firms, $18.6 billion (6%)
           | 
           | - Other: 3 firms, $13.4 billion (4%)
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | > Consumer co-ops saw popularity in the 1960s and 1970s,
             | but have largely faded from view. A niche they had
             | occupied, "natural food store" is now dominated by Amazon
             | through its Whole Foods subsidiary, though there are some
             | independent co-ops still extant,
             | 
             | You missed a chance to mention PCC Community Markets, the
             | USA's largest grocery store co-op, who are also located in
             | Seattle!
             | 
             | (And just like Amazon, PCC was recently in a union labor
             | dispute!)
        
               | Optimal_Persona wrote:
               | In the '90s/'00s I worked at the Davis Food Co-Op in
               | Davis, CA which was one of the largest full-service
               | (meaning not just hippie health food) consumer-owned
               | grocery co-ops at the time. After working in the bakery I
               | was on the Board for 3 years, a fascinating experience
               | (we followed the Carver Policy Governance model, where
               | the board is basically the legislative/judicial branch
               | and the CEO is executive).
               | 
               | When a Whole Foods opened across town, they shut down in
               | less than a year largely because of the
               | strength/quality/loyalty of the Davis Food Co-Op.
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | > Bob's Red Mill
             | 
             | I think Bob basically gifted the company to the employees
             | (they bought in over 10 years, but at a valuation far lower
             | than Bob could have got selling the company to an
             | acquirer).
             | 
             | Some discussion on the employee ownership here:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39374158
        
           | nextos wrote:
           | Galois.com, pretty famous in the software correctness area,
           | is kinda a co-op right, as it is employee owned?
        
             | nyssos wrote:
             | Not exactly. Galois employees are beneficiaries of the ESOP
             | trust that owns the shares, rather than direct owners as in
             | a prototypical cooperative.
        
               | nextos wrote:
               | Sure, my understanding was that Galois is not exactly a
               | co-op.
               | 
               | Why this structure? Is it more advantageous in the US?
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | One of the main challenges for co-ops is navigating the
               | entry and exit. If you had Direct employee ownership, you
               | have to buy in when you start and sell your stock back
               | when you leave.
               | 
               | A trust with the employees as beneficiaries solves a lot
               | of these problems. It also prevents the co-op members
               | from taking the company public for a huge payday.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure that's more or less the same structure
               | used by WinCo as opposed to direct ownership
        
           | dllthomas wrote:
           | Yes, but note that those are typically neither worker co-ops
           | (like Cheese Board or the components of Mondragon) nor
           | consumer co-ops (like REI or a grocery co-op), but a
           | cooperative association of businesses that are themselves
           | typically very much not co-ops.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | Customer co-ops are nothing like employee co-ops.
           | 
           | REI is a customer co-op, and in the past few years, hasn't
           | exactly been a model employer.
        
             | eatonphil wrote:
             | That's not what I'm taking about.
             | 
             | https://www.agweb.com/news/business/technology/almost-
             | half-l...
        
             | dllthomas wrote:
             | > Customer co-ops are nothing like employee co-ops.
             | 
             | And agricultural co-ops are neither.
        
           | Qworg wrote:
           | Morning Star is an example that takes it even further - there
           | are no bosses and all pay is peer based. They do about $1B a
           | year and have 10% of the tomato ingredient market.
        
             | kyle_grove wrote:
             | I lived in Woodland for a time and I really wish I had
             | heard about them back then so I could arrange a plant tour.
        
         | dannyobrien wrote:
         | Also worth noting for HN: Igalia is a workers' co-operative of
         | open source developers, many of whom are significant
         | contributors to browser and HTML renderer code:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igalia
        
         | marricks wrote:
         | I was shopping at winco a couple years back, which is employee
         | owned, and one of the cashiers was in his 40s/50s and mentioned
         | he had a couple million in retirement.
         | 
         | Very cool to hear, dude will likely be better off than me.
         | Employee owned corporations are good.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Unclear why hearing that someone else is richer than you is
           | supposed to be cool, regardless of if they're capitalist
           | coded or cashier coded.
        
             | anthonymartinez wrote:
             | i dunno why you wouldn't want to celebrate the success of
             | others, especially when they're essential workers!
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | I don't think this situation is the same thing as
               | celebrating the success of others!
               | 
               | Of course in my neck of the woods (Silicon Valley) it's
               | expected that all 50 year olds are multi millionaires, as
               | all you need for that is have owned a house for a few
               | decades.
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | Because it suggests non-capitalist business models can be
             | more successful than generally imagined.
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | I've worked for an employee-owned US business.
         | 
         | It was indistinguishable from a normal corporation that
         | periodically grants stock to employees, except other forms of
         | retirement contribution were sub-par, and vesting periods for
         | everything were LOL WTF long.
         | 
         | Working conditions and such were worse than many places in ways
         | that definitely wouldn't have been the case if it were a
         | traditional ownership structure with a union rather than
         | employee-owned.
         | 
         | They did love to put that up front when selling a job there,
         | though. As if it actually meant something.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | big ships are generally terrible places, as a rule. places
           | that are less bad are exceptions. but most of the time you're
           | picking your poison, yet that doesn't mean alternative models
           | aren't worth exploring.
        
       | mgaunard wrote:
       | How is it different from a normal partnership?
        
         | badpun wrote:
         | Partnership can have employees who are not partners.
        
       | wwarner wrote:
       | I visited Bilbao a few years back and the claim then was that
       | Basque Country had the highest average income in Spain. Today
       | Wikipedia [0] lists it as second.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autono...
        
         | Arkhaine_kupo wrote:
         | Its the highest median income in that table.
         | 
         | Its second only in GDP per capita because a number of big
         | corporations moved to Madrid. There has been a slow but fairly
         | unstopable centralisation in Spain, specially since the Catalan
         | independence debalce a few years ago, more and more companies
         | have moved their headquarters to Madrid. Which has raised the
         | GDP of madrid a ton and moved many jobs there.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | I might be wrong but in most unitary states, the capital
           | region tends to have the highest GDP. I'm not aware of
           | significant exceptions to this rule.
        
       | namlem wrote:
       | >Pursuing a co-operative model is far from plain sailing,
       | however. Numerous hurdles exist. For one, membership does not
       | come cheap. To join a co-operative, workers typically put up a
       | one-off payment of about EUR17,000 each. Plus, just as they are
       | entitled to a share of any profits, so, too, are they liable for
       | any losses. Commercial pressures can also prove acute, as Fagor
       | Electrodomesticos's troubled history shows. The fact that all
       | major investment decisions have to be put to the vote can also
       | make Mondragon's co-operatives less agile than their conventional
       | competitors. And finding financing can be problematic as the
       | private capital markets are effectively closed to them, admits
       | Fagor Arrasate's Mendieta: "We can't incorporate external capital
       | into the co-operative's share capital because we are governed by
       | the principle of 'one person, one vote', which no capitalist
       | investor would accept."
       | 
       | As with any system, there are tradeoffs.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.md/8y0mj
        
       | pphysch wrote:
       | > Mondragon Corporation is the globe's largest industrial co-
       | operative, with workers paying for the right to share in its
       | profits
       | 
       | > That sentiment is echoed by Mondragon's 70,000 other workers.
       | 
       | According to SCMP [1], Huawei has over 130,000 shareholding
       | employees 3 years ago. So the "globe's largest" claim seems
       | factually incorrect.
       | 
       | [1] - https://www.scmp.com/business/article/3173121/huawei-pays-
       | ou...
        
       | Collisteru wrote:
       | I wonder why co-ops are so comparatively rare in the US, even
       | though everybody seems to like them (customers and employees).
       | 
       | It could just be tradition and the effects of history. But then
       | why did US history create more shareholder corps while European
       | history created more co-ops?
       | 
       | It could be that US investors are less willing to invest in co-
       | ops. But then, why? Is there something about them that makes them
       | less competitive? Why are they ostensibly worse in the US than in
       | Europe?
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | I guess it's because American culture is more focused on
         | property and ownership.
         | 
         | The co-op movement arose as a reaction to industrialization and
         | capitalism, which threatened many workers. You could understand
         | it as capitalism based on membership rather than ownership, or
         | as a third way that's neither capitalism nor socialism. But
         | just like socialism never really took root in the US, other
         | alternatives to capitalism didn't fare that well either.
        
           | jampekka wrote:
           | Worker co-ops are quite concretely socialist in the sense
           | that the workers control their means of production. Of course
           | when embedded in largely capitalist economy, e.g. banks do
           | still have often de-facto control over them.
        
           | kwere wrote:
           | co-ops existed well before industrialization, as guilds of
           | artisans. Guilds were quite protective of their markets and
           | IPs. You had to inherit the menbership or pay a hefty sum to
           | enter the guilds.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | Guilds were something very different.
             | 
             | They were oligarchic rather than democratic: only masters
             | were full members. They were monopolies rather than
             | competing in the market: you had to be a member of the
             | relevant guild if you wanted to do business. And they were
             | not businesses: each master ran their own business instead
             | of working for the guild.
        
         | jampekka wrote:
         | Co-ops are of course worse for investors. There are no voting
         | stock in co-ops, so the stockholders can't squeeze maximum
         | profits off workers and consumers.
         | 
         | Europe had very strong socialist/non-capitalist political
         | movements in the 19th century. Co-ops were seen as one
         | alternative to capitalism, and were a huge movement.
         | 
         | For example in Finland the largest bank and largest retail
         | chain are (consumer) co-ops, and in general co-ops are big
         | players in the economy.
        
           | terr-dav wrote:
           | >Co-ops are of course worse for investors.
           | 
           | What investors?
        
             | jampekka wrote:
             | For example banks giving loans.
        
         | PNewling wrote:
         | >It could be that US investors are less willing to invest in
         | co-ops. But then, why? Is there something about them that makes
         | them less competitive?
         | 
         | My, admittedly uninformed, guess would be it has to do with 1)
         | there are more worker protections in the EU than in the US and
         | 2) Co-ops tend to pay employees better wages, have better
         | benefits, etc.
         | 
         | Shareholder corps will try to drive down their labor costs as
         | much as possible. Walmart goes so far as providing advice to
         | how it's employees can best apply for food stamps, all the
         | while keeping them under the 32hr/week threshold that would
         | require them to receive benefits. This can provide a price
         | advantage against co-ops who are not running these same
         | practices. It the EU the labor protection laws are better so
         | the potential difference of labor cost is diminished between
         | sharecorp and co-op.
        
         | ClarityJones wrote:
         | Big-government is also an aspect. Both the federal and state
         | governments in the US have a tendency to form wholly-owned
         | subsidiaries to conduct businesses that could otherwise be run
         | by co-ops.
        
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