[HN Gopher] Dangers of "decentralized" ID systems
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Dangers of "decentralized" ID systems
        
       Author : anonymous123
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2024-04-21 19:30 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (paper.wf)
 (TXT) w3m dump (paper.wf)
        
       | wmf wrote:
       | Summary: Relying on government ID isn't decentralized.
       | 
       | I'm having a hard time thinking of one such system though.
        
       | jandrewrogers wrote:
       | The US is an odd case where there is no central government ID or
       | identification base layer. There are many independent authorities
       | that can issue an ID, none of which are universally provisioned
       | or recognized by governments within the country. This creates
       | enough edge cases that it is essentially required to be possible
       | to bootstrap an identity from negligible formal documentation,
       | which is also a rather large loophole.
        
         | jiveturkey wrote:
         | why doesn't a passport count? or do you mean, no central ID
         | that is the only acceptable ID for various services
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> why doesn't a passport count?_
           | 
           | In the USA, non-citizens (legal permanent residents aka
           | "green card" holders) can't get passports. They can get
           | state-level drivers licenses but only citizens can get
           | passports from the centralized-level Federal government.
        
             | photonbucket wrote:
             | Greencards have a MRZ just like passports though.
             | 
             | Green cards are effectively entry-only passports (from the
             | perspective of the US). You can enter the country by land
             | with just the GC with no passport. Additionally, if you
             | arrive by air and you have global entry they don't look at
             | your passport at all, just the GC.
        
             | techsupporter wrote:
             | > In the USA, non-citizens (legal permanent residents aka
             | "green card" holders) can't get passports.
             | 
             | Is there a reason they can't get a passport from their
             | country of citizenship?
             | 
             | Plus, passports are fully standardized, at least the
             | biometric ones are. It's possible to read and verify the
             | data on a biometric passport entirely offline using open
             | source applications that implement the documented
             | processes.
        
               | arlort wrote:
               | Presumably they can but it won't prove their legal status
               | in the US, assuming the local government even recognises
               | it as a legal form if ID
        
             | wdb wrote:
             | How did the green card holder enter the USA without a valid
             | ID / passport?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Well, they probably didn't do so with a valid US ID, and
               | certainly not with a valid US passport.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | Yes but they definitely have centralized id - the 'Alien
             | Registration Card' itself. Technically, lawful permanent
             | residents are supposed to carry it at all times.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > In the USA, non-citizens (legal permanent residents aka
             | "green card" holders) can't get passports.
             | 
             | Yes, but legal permanent residents (and some other legally
             | resident aliens) also have federally-issued ID, and its not
             | optional the way passports are for citizens. (For LPRs, the
             | Permanent Resident Card, for others the Employment
             | Authorization Document or Immigrant Visa.)
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Forgive my ignorance, but isn't the green card already a
             | federally issued, nationally recognised photo ID?
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I think you greatly underestimate the number of people that
           | do not have a passport.
        
             | jiveturkey wrote:
             | I recognize that percentage-wise, dissapointingly few US
             | citizens have passports. I suppose it's more linked to
             | economic status than anything else.
             | 
             | But I was merely rebutting the parent's statement that
             | there is no centrally issued ID in the USA, in the context
             | of ironic use for a base layer for "decentralized"
             | identity.
             | 
             | It's too bad the article focused on that nonsense instead
             | of, what good is a decentralized identity -- if it can't
             | assert your actual physical identity.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | A passport is an ID. However, it is not mandatory and some
           | State governments do not recognize it as a valid ID for legal
           | purposes. In the US, the power to issue authoritative IDs
           | resides with the individual States, not the Federal
           | government, which creates many interesting edge cases.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | _some State governments do not recognize it as a valid ID
             | for legal purposes._
             | 
             | Do you know which state governments?
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | Australia is the same. Even accessing federal systems involves
         | a baroque system of multi-credential attestation where you
         | nominally have a single "GovId" but in practice you have to
         | jump through a bunch of hoops on a per-agency basis. The GovId
         | itself is a weird amalgam of "n-of-m" identity papers.
         | 
         | This all happened because back in the early 2000s there was an
         | attempt at a single "Australia ID" but geriatrics had their
         | brains pickled in decades of anti-communist propaganda and
         | voted against it.
         | 
         | The logic is: "Only communist governments know who their
         | citizens are."
         | 
         | Democracies apparently have to be ignorant and easily exploited
         | by criminals falsely claiming pensions and other benefits using
         | easily forged identity papers.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | > This all happened because back in the early 2000s there was
           | an attempt at a single "Australia ID" but geriatrics had
           | their brains pickled in decades of anti-communist propaganda
           | and voted against it.
           | 
           | This is similar to how the U.S. has a certain amount of
           | opposition from Christian sects who believe any sort of
           | national ID number would be the biblical mark of the beast.
           | There's a certain dark humor in the way privacy is used to
           | complain about identification cards but that only leads to
           | the semi-regulated private data brokers being used by
           | everyone, including the government, with purchased access to
           | far more data.
        
           | spacebanana7 wrote:
           | > geriatrics had their brains pickled in decades of anti-
           | communist propaganda and voted against it.
           | 
           | Isn't the CCP's behaviour still one of the best arguments
           | against universal government ID?
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | I cannot fathom the error in logic that yields the
             | conclusion that elected governments having a SQL table with
             | a primary key constraint is somehow "the same thing" as the
             | authoritarian abuses of power by a single-party communist
             | dictatorship.
             | 
             | A number on a piece of paper is not the root cause of
             | secret police brutally cracking down on dissidents!
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | The possession of power and the misuse of power are of
               | course different things.
               | 
               | But knowledge of the full population is particularly
               | corrosive kind of power. It can reveal negative
               | information - one can query for all people without a
               | donation to political party, for example.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Only if that _data_ is in the same table.
               | 
               | The primary key is just a number, and tells you nothing
               | other than perhaps roughly when you were born (if it is
               | sequentially allocated).
        
             | arlort wrote:
             | No. In fact the entire thing that makes Chinese
             | surveillance so bad is that they don't need an ID to
             | identify you
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | Universal government ID allows your identity to be very
               | efficiently communicated between different public/private
               | sector agencies.
               | 
               | That's how your local CCTV camera catching you jaywalking
               | could communicate to your bank that you should be fined.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | >The logic is: "Only communist governments know who their
           | citizens are."
           | 
           | The logic is actually "That which I wish to control or
           | destroy, I must first enumerate/name."
           | 
           | A Government that exists only to administer (and not control
           | the populace), has no need to know who all it's citizen's
           | are. Merely to know who is involved in the limited processes
           | being administered.
           | 
           | Sadly, all common sense around that seems to have evaporated
           | since 2001 in the U.S. It seems like only those of us left
           | who experienced the pre-9/11 world are doing a terrible job
           | at instilling a picture of a government that's not all "Big
           | Brother is watching" in the younger generations. The gluttony
           | of Law Enforcement and the IC for a Single Identification
           | Number to unify and enumerate every flesh and blood person
           | wandering around cannot be overstated.
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | "You can't improve(manage) that which you can't measure."
             | 
             | In practice, all government departments in all countries
             | have databases with primary key identifiers in them.
             | 
             | We can do this accurately and efficiently, or we can
             | continue to insist on doing it inaccurately and
             | inefficiently because of "Red Scare" propaganda.
             | 
             | You are proposing that you prefer your government to be
             | slow, inefficient, inept, and vulnerable to fraud and
             | corruption.
             | 
             | I prefer my government agencies to not waste my time, not
             | confuse me with similarly named people, etc...
             | 
             | This is a real problem that occurs every day, versus the
             | slippery-slope arguments that derive from anti-communist
             | hysteria.
             | 
             | Here's a real situation: Identical twins with the same
             | name, because "John Sr is the son of John Sr for ten
             | generations, and he didn't want to give up the tradition
             | just because he had twins." That's a real story from a
             | public school system where the kids were living at the same
             | address, attending the same school, were born on the same
             | day, in the same hospital, etc...
             | 
             | How would you disambiguate them? You would start with...
             | assigning... a... unique... number perhaps?
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | >How would you disambiguate them? You would start with...
               | assigning... a... unique... number perhaps?
               | 
               | Yep. That's how. Now lets see what inevitably gets built
               | once you do that.
               | 
               | Now do you that mapping to a Federal system, which maps
               | that ID to a set of tables including a map to every other
               | every other organization's ids relevant to that
               | individual such that one can essentially completely hose
               | someone via the "Sanction this individual in particular
               | where (subquery). This system has already been built in
               | the Financial sector, it's called OFAC. More advanced
               | integrations are in progress. Look up "Fusion Centers".
               | 
               | Do I think that's a worthy trade in case that gets in the
               | wrong hands? Fuck no.
               | 
               | Should those same systems be free to be "privately built
               | and transacted for business purposes" in a way that
               | utterly sidesteps prohibitions against the Government
               | directly building that dataset themselves, resulting in
               | 3rd party SaaS queries through Data Brokers? See
               | LexisNexis, Palantir, or any of the Credit Bureaus or
               | other data brokers. Also telecoms selling location data.
               | Or automotive manufacturers feeding telematics to
               | insurers or Law Enforcement.
               | 
               | Worthy trade for the risk? ?Hell no.
               | 
               | You can have a world where nightmare abuses of these
               | types of systems are outright impossible, or you can have
               | a world that's incrementally more efficient, but you must
               | accept these abuses being realizable. That's an XOR
               | there. There is no escaping it.
               | 
               | Certainty of abuse has probability 1. How do I know?
               | Because I've been tempted to do as much before, and I
               | know that I am an uncharacteristically extreme example of
               | someone that thinks something through before committing
               | to it, and it's only by doing so that I've managed to
               | avoid implementing that very thing. 98% of people will
               | not hold themselves to at least the the rigor I have.
               | There are people far too pragmatic to be bothered by such
               | things as ideals or edge cases; which is necessary to
               | deal with when you're talking about enabling top down
               | practicable social targeting systems. We are not special.
               | It will not be different this time. Our nature is not
               | such that we can safely discount these sorts of things.
               | 
               | The enemy is among us, and they are us. I don't fear
               | communists. I fear the paperclip maximizing zealots among
               | us who will sacrifice everything in pursuit of thrir
               | goal. I've been one of them.
               | 
               | I will not subject those down the road to a working
               | Panopticon. I will not build that lever. I'm sorry. I
               | will consign you to a fate wherein you suffer from an
               | occasional bureacratic mixup, but you will never once
               | need worry that some madman is sitting on the button that
               | causes you to lose access to everything instantly. That
               | will allow a faceless bureaucracy to control your access
               | in real time. To know your every move, all the time. I'd
               | rather you be free. That you be unmanageable. That the
               | mechanisms of external social coercion not be perfect.
               | For without those spaces, there is no room for freedom.
               | Only not currently having your chain jerked. Know that if
               | ever you are subdued by the machinations of the
               | technophile, it will not have been I that forged those
               | chains.
               | 
               | Just because you _can_ build something, doesn 't mean you
               | _should_.
               | 
               | Just because you can _measure_ something, doesn 't mean
               | you _should build the yardstick_.
               | 
               | It does not follow that something you can't currently
               | measure _must have a measure built, and then as a
               | consequence of it 's measurability then be managed_.
               | 
               | Those that seek power will beseech you to build these
               | things for them. It is your job to see these things for
               | what they are, and learn to be able to say "No."
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | Maybe the US is just particularly broken? It is not like
               | countries with robust, state-run ID systems are all some
               | sort of dictatorial or even data hellscape.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Propaganda is a _very_ effective tool. People internalise
               | it to the point that it becomes a part of their personal
               | identity, and it becomes a part of the ambient societal
               | discourse. It 's like the air you breathe. You don't even
               | realise that you're breathing until someone tells you
               | that you are.
               | 
               | Conversely, it is trivial to identify _foreigners_
               | influenced by propaganda. You see the effect, but are not
               | subject to the cause. It 's like seeing a fish in a body
               | water. You immediately think to yourself: "There's a fish
               | in the water", but the _fish doesn 't think it's swimming
               | in water_. If you could ask it somehow, it would ask:
               | "What is water?"
               | 
               | PS: There are quite a few topics like this where if you
               | ask any American, you get some specific propaganda in
               | response, but if you ask _literally anybody else_ on the
               | _entire planet_ -- the other 96% of the human population
               | -- you 'll get slow blinking and maybe a "wtf!?" instead.
               | 
               | E.g.: Iraq caused 9/11, gun control, states-rights, and
               | publicly-funded ("free") healthcare.
               | 
               | All three of them are _very_ heavily propogandised for
               | decades now by very-well funded lobby groups... in the
               | US. Elsewhere people are like:  "No, the Saudis did!",
               | "Illegal!", "Wat!?", and "Of course!"
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | proof that humans are just stochastic parrots as well
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | >You are proposing that you prefer your government to be
               | slow, inefficient, inept, and vulnerable to fraud and
               | corruption.
               | 
               | It's a fair trade off if your target KPI is having zero
               | genocides enabled by extensive records-keeping.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | If you think the lack of records-keeping is protection
               | against genocide, or has ever prevented one in the
               | history of the world, then I have some bad news for you.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | The US did not require any data crunching from IBM or
               | anyone else to genocide the Indians.
               | 
               | The entire line of thought is straight up propaganda from
               | weird Christians who have a really weird cult belief that
               | some id number is the mark of the beast and saw a great
               | opportunity to lie about the holocaust (plenty of jews
               | were murdered using no better data than "Wilhelm says he
               | saw them praying last Saturday").
               | 
               | You can see the same stupidity in the talking point from
               | 2nd amendment maximalists that the jews were only
               | genocided because they gave up rights to own guns, or
               | something to that effect, as if a population experiencing
               | genocide would have qualms about illegal firearms.
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | In the US, significant fractions of both the Democrat and
           | Republican parties are against anything that resembles a
           | single national ID, for different longstanding reasons. And
           | the legal hurdles are high enough that it would require both
           | parties actively working together to effect material change,
           | so even if one of them had a change of heart it wouldn't
           | matter.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | > Democracies apparently have to be ignorant and easily
           | exploited by criminals falsely claiming pensions and other
           | benefits using easily forged identity papers.
           | 
           | How is centralized identity necessary or sufficient to solve
           | this? If you have an ID card issued by e.g. your brokerage,
           | it can use strong cryptography and be no easier to forge than
           | any government ID. If you lost your card you could use any
           | mechanism you could use in the event that you lose your
           | government ID. Some of these methods have poor security
           | properties but that's the same in both cases.
           | 
           | The only thing you get from centralization is non-consensual
           | tracking.
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | > How is centralized identity necessary or sufficient to
             | solve this?
             | 
             | To give you an idea of just how low the fruit is hanging,
             | approximately 100K fake children "vanished" from
             | Australia's welfare system when the government introduced a
             | system where you had to list each dependent child's Tax
             | File Number (TFN) to claim welfare benefits. (Prior to
             | that, you just had to put down how many children you were
             | claiming benefits for.)
             | 
             | If you can get ID papers from random brokerages, then how
             | is the government to perform a simple uniqueness check
             | _across_ brokerages?
             | 
             | It always boils down to the same thing: Someone, somewhere
             | has to have a table with a primary key on it.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > To give you an idea of just how low the fruit is
               | hanging, approximately 100K fake children "vanished" from
               | Australia's welfare system when the government introduced
               | a system where you had to list each dependent child's Tax
               | File Number (TFN) to claim welfare benefits.
               | 
               | The assumption here is that they're all fake rather than
               | there being a non-trivial number of people who don't
               | understand how to fill out the new forms, or aren't
               | willing to admit to an association with an out-of-wedlock
               | child on an official form even though the child is real
               | and actually being supported etc.
               | 
               | > If you can get ID papers from random brokerages, then
               | how is the government to perform a simple uniqueness
               | check _across_ brokerages?
               | 
               | Nobody other than the brokerage uses the brokerage's ID.
               | That's what decentralized is. Children typically wouldn't
               | have an ID from a brokerage anyway. The welfare agency
               | would provide recipients with its own IDs. How does it
               | establish uniqueness for this? The same way as the
               | institution issuing a Tax File Number.
        
         | techsupporter wrote:
         | > The US is an odd case where there is no central government ID
         | or identification base layer.
         | 
         | As others have mentioned, the US Federal government issues
         | passports and passport cards, yet it's entirely up to the
         | agency that wants ID what IDs they will accept. I've been
         | turned down for using a passport card for some Washington State
         | government activities ("the card doesn't have a signature"),
         | using a passport to buy an age-restricted item from a store
         | ("we can't scan it"), and a passport card with the state's
         | largest credit union ("too much fraud with passport cards").
         | 
         | Yet none of these are _documented_ anywhere. Everyone just
         | assumes you 'll have a state-issued driver license and if you
         | don't, well, you're obviously up to something nefarious.
         | (Before anyone asks, I do have a state-issued enhanced
         | identification card. It looks identical to a driver license,
         | except it says "identification" on it. I've still been told
         | "that's not a driver's license, I can't take that.")
        
           | jandrewrogers wrote:
           | I use a Federal ID when dealing with legal purviews of the
           | Federal government, and a State ID when dealing with the
           | legal purviews of State governments (which is most things).
           | This is the only reliable scheme I've found. As a matter of
           | Constitutionality, the States are largely required to
           | recognize State IDs, but no one is required to recognize
           | Federal IDs because there is no authority and as a practical
           | matter many governments don't.
           | 
           | It doesn't help that some clerks are confused by the zoo of
           | government issued IDs that exist in the US. IDs in the US are
           | a mess, the legal barriers to making it possible to have an
           | organized identity system are very high, and both the
           | Democrats and Republicans are resistant to removing those
           | legal barriers, so this situation is unlikely to change.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | Real ID has more or less happened. States still issue IDs
             | that don't meet those requirements, but at some point it's
             | likely enough to actually become a requirement for using
             | the ID to fly (instead of being delayed again).
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | The ID standardization parts mostly happened. The parts
               | where the underlying State databases are shared with a
               | central Federal government database did not.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | There's a data sharing system, it isn't clear if it is
               | entirely functionally equivalent to a centralized
               | database, but it certainly goes in that direction if you
               | compare it to not having a sharing system.
        
         | briffle wrote:
         | And even then, most of us can do a ton of damage just knowing
         | the last 4 of someones social security number, and their
         | bithday.
        
       | cloudhead wrote:
       | Low quality post that doesn't understand how DIDs work.
        
         | justinko wrote:
         | That's because it was clearly very heavily assisted by AI.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | This article avoids the elephant in the room: nobody except
       | cryptocurrency nuts asked for this.
       | 
       | The "Decentralised" part of DID should give a hint that this is
       | yet another attempt to make crypto relevant to the real world
       | outside of bypassing sanctions, paying for drugs, or extorting
       | hacking victims.
       | 
       | Web 3.0 failed because cryptocurrencies can't support the high
       | bandwidth and low latency required. So the same people came up
       | with DID, which can tolerate multi-hour transaction delays and
       | storage capacities measured in single-digit kilobytes.
       | 
       | Most of the criticisms against Web 3.0 still apply to DID. It can
       | be impossible to revoke, as the article stated. Which means if
       | grandma's wallet is hacked, she can be impersonated forever by
       | the hacker, and not even the government can help her with this.
       | 
       | "Yay, censorship resistant!" many will proclaim. (Loudly)
       | 
       | Okay, name me one instance (1) where a citizen of a western
       | country had their identity censored in any sense by their
       | government.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | > Okay, name me one instance (1) where a citizen of a western
         | country had their identity censored in any sense by their
         | government.
         | 
         | I don't think this is the problem DID is trying to solve, but
         | the article mentions illegal immigrants and stateless people.
        
         | bschmidt1 wrote:
         | The crypto phase ended up accidentally showing us why
         | centralized authority is important. It sounds great on paper:
         | If we can simply enforce a protocol, then we don't need
         | authority, right?
         | 
         | But we still have to trust who enforces the protocol. If we
         | rely on trusts and exchanges to any degree, for example, to
         | enable faster, more convenient transactions, or for user
         | experience, then those trusts (banks) cannot be running off
         | with the customer deposits like BitConnect and FTX did. The
         | trust should be insured and should have to follow normal bank
         | and currency exchange regulations. When you add in all the
         | banking infrastructure that would be needed to bring
         | cryptocurrencies up to speed we'd end up with a clunkier
         | version of what we have (we already have fast digital banking,
         | and cash is already anonymous and instant).
         | 
         | Regarding crypto for content chains: Basically the same ideas,
         | if certain peers are trusted to host, serve, and/or broker
         | content in some way, how do you trust those parties, or if
         | there are content "vaults" off-chain to enable faster access to
         | data, how do we know it wasn't tampered with off-chain? Can't
         | store it on chain feasibly either, especially if the content is
         | say full-length films.
         | 
         | I think blockchain for both cryptocurrencies and content chains
         | is better suited for smaller peer networks where you know you
         | can trust the node hosts and the cryptography is used more for
         | keeping nodes in sync, and for lower-level security, not as a
         | replacement for trust. Or if you don't trust the node hosts,
         | then the trusted party is whoever maintains the "peer list" -
         | but that's just a road toward what our Federal Reserve, or our
         | Wikipedia, can already do much better with consumer banking and
         | open-source contributions (respectively).
        
         | spacebanana7 wrote:
         | > Okay, name me one instance (1) where a citizen of a western
         | country had their identity censored in any sense by their
         | government.
         | 
         | Eugene Shvidler's sanctioning by the UK poisoned his identity.
         | A UK-US dual citizen living in Britain who had Russian business
         | dealings.
         | 
         | The sanctions are devastating to personal freedom. Beyond the
         | direct financial impact, they make it very difficult to travel,
         | engage in charity or use digital goods.
         | 
         | You might argue he deserved it for making money in Russia, but
         | the lack of due process is astounding.
         | 
         | His commercial behaviour predates any legal prohibition and he
         | didn't get to argue his case in front of a judge/jury before a
         | punishment was installed.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/law/2023/jul/19/sanctions-regime...
        
           | kiitos wrote:
           | Sanctions are an important component of our society, in the
           | broadest sense. They are net good, not bad.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | Sanctions are effective tools at undermining the economic &
             | industrial base of an adversary.
             | 
             | They're poor tools as substitutes for criminal penalties
             | for local residents.
        
               | kiitos wrote:
               | Less "adversary" as evaluated by a specific entity, more
               | "bad actor" as evaluated by the collective. Which is the
               | intent. Of course nobody issuing sanctions specifically
               | intends them to be criminal penalties for local (target)
               | residents, it's nonsensical anyway as the issuer(s)
               | generally don't have any kind of criminal authority in
               | the relevant jurisdictions.
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | Suffragettes, civil rights activists and Vietnam war
               | protesters would've all been considered "bad actors" by
               | their democratic governments at stages of their journey.
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | They're only a net good if you think the government of the
             | biggest economy is always morally right. Because only
             | sanctions by the biggest economies have any impact. Most of
             | the people in the world who aren't Americans view America's
             | foreign policy as overwhelmingly a net negative, so for
             | most of the world those sanctions are a net bad.
        
             | BeFlatXIII wrote:
             | [ citation needed ]
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | Nowhere in the linked article does it say that his _identity_
           | was censored or revoked by any government.
           | 
           | He's a dual-citizen and presumably has his identifying papers
           | on hand.
           | 
           | To quote Wikipedia:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Shvidler#Sanctions
           | Shvidler's sanctions take the form of a worldwide asset
           | freeze,           and transport sanctions; they do not affect
           | his British citizenship.
           | 
           | Painting a free billionaire oligarch living the high life
           | abroad from Russia as a _victim_ is not a very convincing
           | example.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | The challenge wasn't precisely about revocation of
             | citizenship, although you could take the example of Shamina
             | Begum for that.
             | 
             | The problem with these rulings isn't so much that no
             | punishment is deserved, but that a government minister /
             | civil service employee can declare somebody guilty. The
             | only recourse is pursuing legal action to prove your own
             | innocence.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | You seem to be conflating two wildly unrelated concepts
               | here.
               | 
               | This discourse is (very specifically!) about identity
               | papers, not sanctions or any other form of government use
               | and abuse of power.
        
             | Macha wrote:
             | The crypto people are very concerned about what happens to
             | them when they believe they will inevitably become an
             | oligarch.
             | 
             | It's all a bit "temporarily embarrassed billionaire"
        
         | megadal wrote:
         | > Most of the criticisms against Web 3.0 still apply to DID. It
         | can be impossible to revoke, as the article stated. Which means
         | if grandma's wallet is hacked, she can be impersonated forever
         | by the hacker, and not even the government can help her with
         | this.
         | 
         | VCs have credentialStatus, the id property of which is supposed
         | to be a URI resolving to an RDF defined object dictating the
         | status.
         | 
         | This means the issuer can just update the entity living behind
         | that URI to revoke bad credentials.
         | 
         | https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model-2.0/#status
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | If there's a central revocation list, then it's a centralised
           | identity with a centralised authority.
           | 
           | That's the opposite if the "distributed" in DID, at least in
           | the sense that the pro-Web-3.0 crypto fans are claiming.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | > Web 3.0 failed because cryptocurrencies can't support the
         | high bandwidth and low latency required.
         | 
         | Er, no.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.web3isgoinggreat.com/
        
       | cmdli wrote:
       | One thing that is worth mentioning is the idea of a "private
       | life" really hasn't ever existed. Even before the internet and
       | computers, banks still held records of customer identity,
       | merchants would still track their customers and what they bought,
       | and the government could still take those records with a warrant.
       | Even before then in pre industrial or rural areas, people would
       | generally know who the people around them were and would
       | regularly discuss what others were doing.
       | 
       | The idea of a completely anonymous citizen that can bank, buy,
       | and talk with others with full control of what other people know
       | about them is pretty much a modern invention and is slowly
       | disappearing again and society adapts to a technological world.
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | The problem is; it used to take lots of real effort and
         | therefore expense to investigate those facts. The results are
         | now worth far more, and the cost is now far less.
         | 
         | That is a change in the structure, the unwritten expectations
         | of society, that I agree we should resist that change.
         | 
         | The previously unwritten expectations should be codified into
         | rules that should be followed.
        
           | andy99 wrote:
           | These "gaslighters" seem to show up to many discussion to say
           | "what's the big deal, it's always been that way" when it
           | obviously hasn't. I guess it's people who want the change and
           | are trying to justify it?
           | 
           | Anyway, a good analogy is photo radar. Speed limits are set
           | knowing everybody speeds. We could now easily enforce them
           | everywhere. But if we do, we need to raise them to an
           | appropriate level, not the "we know you're breaking them"
           | level. Same with what you're saying about privacy, as the
           | cost of invading it goes down, we need different controls, we
           | can't just be cool with it because it was always
           | hypothetically possible to hire a private investigator to
           | stalk someone.
        
             | vladms wrote:
             | > We need to raise them to an appropriate level I do not
             | know what most people would find an appropriate level (I
             | for one would prefer the current level, you would prefer a
             | raised level).
             | 
             | Somehow I feel the same about all the privacy discussions.
             | Are people really understanding and would be impacted in
             | the same why by privacy issues or is this just a fight
             | between various interests with no connection with the
             | actual people?
             | 
             | To give an (extreme) example: without social networks
             | elections will be influenced by newspapers and television.
             | Would "the actual person" be much better of because he is
             | influenced "by different people"?
             | 
             | Sometimes I wonder how it would be if some things would be
             | less private. (for example if wealth information would be
             | less private, would it be harder for some people to do
             | "dubious stuff", from straight illegal, to huge bonuses,
             | etc.). I mean look at open source - is open source a result
             | of "let's keep everything private and separate" idea or
             | exactly the opposite... ?
        
               | Yujf wrote:
               | Radical transparancy only works in a world of radical
               | acceptance. I deliberately hide some stuff I do from some
               | people not because it is shady but because it will impact
               | their view of me in a negative way.
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | > We could now easily enforce them everywhere
             | 
             | We do. Approved half a decade ago -
             | https://www.sae.org/news/2019/04/eu-to-mandate-
             | intelligent-s...
        
             | vasco wrote:
             | In my grandma's village everyone knew that a neighbor was
             | cheating, who got pregnant, and details about every single
             | person in the village. Nowadays it's easy to track which
             | websites I go to, but none of my neighbors have any clue
             | about what I'm up to.
             | 
             | With this in mind, outright calling people that notice this
             | gaslighters is immature. Make your point or don't.
        
               | Karellen wrote:
               | You've literally just pointed out the difference between
               | the people who used to know what you're up to, and the
               | people who now know what you're up to.
               | 
               | Anyone trying to convince you there is no difference
               | between the two states is trying to make you ignore that
               | difference in the world, and convince you that your
               | perception of that difference is faulty or mistaken.
               | 
               | How is that _not_ gaslighting?
               | 
               | But - the difference in effect is that, under the old
               | system, the government could not immediately get a
               | summary of that information from everyone in the village,
               | and do so without possibility of word getting back to
               | you. Nor could a prospective employer. Or a bank manager.
               | Or someone half-way round the world wanting to scam you
               | out of your life savings. Or someone wanting to run for
               | political office. Or someone wanting to persecute
               | cheaters/unwed mothers/"sexual deviants"/etc... for
               | personal gain.
               | 
               | Yeah, back then your private life might not have been
               | private, strictly speaking. But at least it wasn't for
               | sale, in bulk, at bargain basement prices, to anyone
               | looking for any kind of leverage over you.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | The only reason it is disappearing is the government keeps
         | mandating surveillance. Anti-money laundering and know your
         | customer are just the financial arm of global mass
         | surveillance. They just say "terrorists" and suddenly
         | everything is justified. Everyone just accepts it. Just an fact
         | of life that you have to do all this bookkeeping when you have
         | a business. In fact, such things should be literally illegal.
         | This is just some loophole the government uses to illegally
         | surveil its citizens. It's illegal to warrantlessly wiretap
         | everyone so they get the private sector to do it for them. Then
         | all they need to do is gently ask the corporations. The CEOs
         | are only too happy to get in bed with them.
         | 
         | The bitter pill to swallow is society needs to learn to
         | tolerate some amount of crime in order to maintain their
         | freedom. They want the government to be all powerful so that it
         | can stop crime before it even happens. They don't want the
         | responsibility for themselves. The responsibility that freedom
         | requires, the responsibility to personally defend themselves
         | when the bad guys come knocking. No, they want to delegate it
         | all to some authorities. They better hope they don't end up as
         | serfs in somebody's fiefdom.
        
           | steelframe wrote:
           | > The responsibility that freedom requires, the
           | responsibility to personally defend themselves when the bad
           | guys come knocking.
           | 
           | I invite you to live in Haiti for a little while and then
           | come back and let us know how that went for you.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | Why would anyone do that?
             | 
             | Gotta actually have something worth defending in order to
             | justify risking one's life. A family, a community, a
             | nation. Even if you told me I could bring an entire army
             | with me, I wouldn't step foot there. There's nothing in
             | there for me.
        
           | tpmoney wrote:
           | >The bitter pill to swallow is society needs to learn to
           | tolerate some amount of crime in order to maintain their
           | freedom.
           | 
           | I would go a step further and say that society needs some
           | level of crime in order to gain freedoms, not just keep the
           | ones they have. As a thought experiment, imagine you had a
           | machine that would magically prevent anyone who would violate
           | the law from doing so from the moment its activated for the
           | rest of time. Is there any point in all of history that you
           | think would be a good time to activate that machine?
           | Certainly you would want to avoid activating it any time that
           | slavery was legal. Probably be a good idea to skip the world
           | wars era. Civil rights era would be another good time to
           | avoid. The Troubles wouldn't be a great time either I
           | wouldn't think. And if you believe in the benefits of medical
           | usage of various schedule I drugs, I wouldn't recommend
           | turning it on today either.
           | 
           | Sure, a reduction in crime might be a great thing for
           | society, and there's no telling how many lives would be
           | improved if truly bad people were prevented from doing their
           | crimes. But the flip side of that is I can't think of a
           | single point in history where some group or action was
           | criminalized that later turned out to be something that
           | should not have been so. And I don't have faith that we'd
           | make nearly as much progress on things without people willing
           | to break the law and bring those injustices to our attention.
        
             | krunck wrote:
             | Great example! Thanks.
        
       | deathanatos wrote:
       | I feel like I'm missing some background. Yes, there's been much
       | clamor for forcing use of government IDs recently, but I would
       | hardly call any such system "decentralized", given its reliance
       | on government ID -- that seems like an inherently centralized
       | system.
       | 
       | Is someone calling these "decentralized"? To me, decentralized ID
       | is OIDC, which is "being developed" it's mostly not catching on
       | at all, in favor of sadly centralized system like "login with
       | [Google|Facebook]".
       | 
       | Is there some weird crypto-blockchain-something-something that
       | I'm not aware of?
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | I think OIDC is more "federated" than "decentralized"
         | 
         | I have no idea what the bitcoin people mean by decentralized.
         | It sounds like PKI with extra steps. _shrug_
        
         | mdavidn wrote:
         | OIDC has very much "caught on" in business contexts. Large
         | organizations end up with hundreds or thousands of independent
         | internal tools, many hosted externally. OIDC and SAML are
         | common protocols for centralizing employee authentication and
         | governance.
        
           | fiddlerwoaroof wrote:
           | It's not really "OIDC", though, because there's so many
           | options possible that the standard itself is basically
           | useless: you have to implement Google, Microsoft, Okta, etc.
           | separately anyways
        
         | jebby wrote:
         | OIDC has for sure caught on. I've worked in multiple roles
         | where very smart identity-centric people consider it the best
         | option.
        
         | bdd8f1df777b wrote:
         | In my working context, a "decentralized" government issued
         | (digital) ID refers to an identity whose verification does not
         | require a connection to the government server (e.g.
         | verification is done by public key cryptography). So the
         | government always has to participate in the issuance of that
         | digital ID, but it doesn't know when and where you have used
         | your identity. ISO/IEC 18013-5 is an example of this type.
         | 
         | By contrast, a "centralized" digital ID phones home every time
         | it presents and verifies. I don't know any standards, but most
         | digital identities in China are of this form.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | Identification based on a Certificate Authority is
           | fundamentally centralized.
           | 
           | The CA is a single point of failure that can arbitrarily
           | issue or fail to issue an identity certificate.
           | 
           | If you use lots of interchangeable CAs, then it "fails open",
           | in that any one CA can issue certificates for everyone.
           | That's still a single point of failure.
           | 
           | If you tie the ID to the Certificate Authority (e.g. gmail
           | offers certs for gmail addresses), each person still is
           | impacted by some single point of failure.
           | 
           | I'd say all these schemes are centralized.
           | 
           | I'd call the things you describe "offline identity
           | verification", though there is an additional nuance: the
           | scheme could work offline, but still send a log of what
           | happens when it reconnects. With that, the privacy properties
           | are as bad as online schemes.
        
           | rendaw wrote:
           | "Offline" seems like a better descriptor than "decentralized"
           | in that case.
        
         | Muromec wrote:
         | Government IDs in general are decentralized in a sense that
         | there is more than one issuing authority. People really love to
         | overbuild capabilities when designing this stuff -- digital
         | signing chain of trust, blockchain, contact-less verification
         | through nfc or qr codes in a phone. Nobody uses that except
         | government itself and most of the time they have the data in
         | their demographic database, then still make a paper copy if ID
         | and make you sign it so pinning you for fraud is an option
         | later.
         | 
         | Everybody else just looks at poorly-photographed jpeg and is
         | like "yes, this dude is named like this". Even banks this days
         | open accounts without ever touching sacred piece of plastic
         | with human hands, let alone scanning it with crypto-mumbo-
         | jumbo.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | Key management & binding keys to identities is one of the hard
       | problems in cryptography.
       | 
       | Cryptocurrency and friends really have no bearing on the problem.
       | The known solutions are the same as they always were - web of
       | trust, pki, tofu, pre-shared keys, or just give up and ignore the
       | outside world. All have tradeoffs and are very far from
       | satisfactory.
       | 
       | If you take a subpar solution and wrap it in 10 layers of
       | cryptocurrency and magical thinking, you are just left with a
       | complex version of the same subpar solution.
        
         | aaomidi wrote:
         | Yep. There is no silverbullet. All these systems are doing are
         | just increasing areas where a vulnerability in logic can
         | happen.
        
           | ugjka wrote:
           | It must be tied to person's biological features, i don't see
           | any other way. Some kind of crypto-bio hash
        
             | hughesjj wrote:
             | You can't revoke biological credentials though, at least
             | not if you want the holder if those credentials to
             | participate in your system
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Even then you still have problems with revocation.
             | 
             | If someone steals my passport, i tell the gov and they
             | cancel the old one. If someone steals your fingerprint, you
             | are just screwed.
             | 
             | There are some systems that verify things like bloodflow to
             | ensure that the finger belongs to a live person instead of
             | a cut-off hand. However then you end up having the problem
             | of needing to trust hardware, which is fine for an iphone
             | unlock feature but not so fine for this magical
             | decentralized web3 stuff.
        
               | ugjka wrote:
               | Agreed, i need look more into this
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Its definitely a really hard problem.
               | 
               | I think fundamentally the issue is you can't create trust
               | out of nothing. Once you have something you trust, you
               | can use cryptography to extend that trust in all sorts of
               | complex ways. However you always need a starting point to
               | bootstrap the system.
               | 
               | I feel like there is a big connection between this
               | problem and trying to prove things in pure logic.
               | 
               | PKI is basically starting from axioms (i trust the
               | following CA's as a starting point)
               | 
               | Tofu is the reflexive property - we know that x=x
               | 
               | Web of trust is some sort of coherence model (in the
               | sense of https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherentism )
               | 
               | I think to make real progress on this problem, we need to
               | make progress in epistomology.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Biological credentials could work even without revocation
               | if you use a lot of them simultaneously.
               | 
               | It would be like asking for many usernames that are semi
               | public instead of a username and password.
               | 
               | e.g. multiple fingerprints plus iris scan plus voice
               | print plus facial scan.
               | 
               | So even if a few get stolen and successfully replicated
               | somehow to fool the system into thinking it's a living
               | person, it still won't be enough to steal the identity.
        
               | dzhiurgis wrote:
               | Do biometrics use actual fingerprints or biometric
               | template? I.e. you can revoke template and issue a new
               | one?
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | It's fine to trust hardware if you, as a party who
               | performs the check, installed and paid for said hardware.
               | The problem comes when somebody else has to judge whether
               | you performed the check correctly and trust _you_.
        
         | CryptoTotalWar wrote:
         | Polykey is an open-source, decentralized secrets management
         | solution that uses GitHub as an identity provider (IDP). During
         | the initial setup--akin to creating a new digital wallet--users
         | authenticate and claim their GitHub identity via the Polykey
         | CLI. This step binds their Polykey node to their GitHub
         | profile, verifiable through a publicly visible cryptolink
         | called a "gestalt identity" displayed on their GitHub user
         | profile or gists.
         | 
         | Within the Polykey network, each node can host vaults that
         | safeguard sensitive information. By integrating identity
         | verification directly into this decentralized framework,
         | Polykey enables users to discover, trust, and securely share
         | cryptographic keys with other verified nodes. This system
         | departs from traditional methods that depend on anonymized
         | wallet addresses for user discovery, offering instead a
         | mechanism for direct interaction within users' operational
         | environments, provided their identities have been linked to
         | their nodes.
         | 
         | This approach aims to tackle foundational challenges in key
         | management and identity binding. Do you think integrating
         | identity verification in this way could improve the management
         | and security of cryptographic identities? Are there any
         | potential advantages or drawbacks you foresee with this model?
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Congrats, you reinvented PKI.
           | 
           | If it works for your usecase, great. But lets not pretend its
           | any different from the things we were doing in the 90s.
        
           | SgtBastard wrote:
           | While being slightly more generous than my sibling comment:
           | 
           | If you've got a peer-to-peer network of information nodes,
           | where each person is able to assert information about
           | themselves in their node, but the whole trust is based on the
           | polykey binding at setup, I see 3 key challenges:
           | 
           | 1) Where's the real world verification of any identity
           | attributes stored in the node? 2) How do we detect when/if
           | the root key has been compromised, allowing arbitrary new
           | vaults and identity attributes to be automatically trusted
           | within the network?
           | 
           | 3) How does this meaningfully improve the experience over
           | having a CA sign a certificate that contains attributes about
           | you? (sibling poster's argument).
        
       | mattdesl wrote:
       | having a cryptographic government-backed digital ID could really
       | be a great and privacy-preserving feature of modern society. for
       | example: ZK proofs are now practical, and could improve upon the
       | status quo of sending a digital JPG of a scan of your passport to
       | a third party for some arbitrary verification.
       | 
       | The post reads a little bit overblown.
        
         | anonym29 wrote:
         | I will never upload photographs of my government-issued photo
         | ID for any reason. I will never utilize any gov-backed digital
         | ID.
         | 
         | I will go down screaming, fighting, kicking, biting, and faxing
         | my tax returns to the IRS, really doing everything lawful in my
         | power to drag the whole system to a halt if digital ID gets
         | forced on me. I don't care if I have to write a script that's
         | going to trade bitcoin 800 times a second on 12 different
         | exchanges, I don't care if I have to make my tax return 200,000
         | pages long and deliberately reorder the stack so that every
         | single sheet is out of order, and it's all in a font that was
         | deliberately chosen to be incompatible with OCR systems. If the
         | US government will let me submit my tax returns in Farsi, Urdu,
         | or Esperanto, or some other obscure language that the IRS would
         | need to hire someone to translate, I will, just to add all of
         | the absolute maximum pain, inefficiency, and suffering into
         | this process.
         | 
         | Keep pushing this shit on people who don't want it. Malicious
         | compliance is like reflected DDoS attacks with huge asymmetric
         | I/O sizes: I alone can easily force the government to waste
         | 10,000+ hours of effort for each hour I put in, and what's
         | more, I can and will write tutorials, open source all of this,
         | and advertise it everywhere if digital ID does get forced on
         | society.
         | 
         | Problem with this? Stop pushing digital ID or start pushing to
         | let me renounce my American citizenship without posessing
         | another citizenship.
        
           | mattdesl wrote:
           | Digital ID that I'm describing would be a way to _avoid_ the
           | current awful status quo of uploading your passport online
           | (which, in the UK, has become common for things like banking,
           | immigration, and other services). I'm not sure what your
           | issue is.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | I'm not sure that would work all that well to be honest.
         | 
         | Seems to me, the whole reason ID cards have photos on is
         | because they get lost/stolen/borrowed all the time.
         | 
         | Even if the government had the inclination to run a big
         | national IT project so I could use zero knowledge proofs to
         | verify my age for pornhub by scanning my driving license NFC
         | chip, they'd _still_ end up needing a webcam face check to make
         | sure I wasn 't some kid using dad's driving license. At which
         | point the privacy angle becomes a joke anyway.
        
           | ranger_danger wrote:
           | Yes but having a fake card is an entirely different animal to
           | deal with.
        
       | megadal wrote:
       | This entire article is just wrongly conflating Verifiable
       | Credentials (VCs) with DIDs and then citing those false
       | conflations as weaknesses of DID.
       | 
       | > If decentralized ID is just an extension of the existing
       | government ID system, it provides neither privacy nor financial
       | inclusion.
       | 
       | VC is a spec built on top of DID, in no way shape or form is VC
       | required for DID.
       | 
       | This statement alone shows the author doesn't understand (or is
       | intentionally misrepresenting) the relationship between DID and
       | VC (which is kind of crucial to write an entire blog post on
       | either topic)
        
         | megadal wrote:
         | Also, the other points made aren't the reason VC was conceived.
         | 
         | > And just like the existing system, it continues to exclude
         | millions of people who can't get government ID
         | 
         | VC is a technology for convenience, not solving social
         | problems. It's basically just to enable technologies like Tap
         | to Pay but for your Gov IDs.
         | 
         | E.g. rather than having to carry your drivers license you just
         | carry your phone. It's almost as if the article misses the
         | entire purpose for which VC is designed (but then again, what
         | can one expect when they're criticizing DIDs yet -actually-
         | talking about VC throughout the entire post)
        
           | krunck wrote:
           | I reject any system that will require me to carry a phone.
           | Phones are expensive, brittle, and annoying. Biometric is far
           | better.
        
       | filleokus wrote:
       | I'm reading the article as essentially saying "decentralised ID's
       | dosen't solve anything".
       | 
       | If you have them "backed" with governmentally issued ID's, they
       | allow the government ID monopoly to continue (with all its
       | claimed faults). If they are instead completely separate they
       | will not be considered "valid" in most situations where ID's are
       | required.
       | 
       | Then the author warn against the whole idea of having one,
       | single, strong identifier connected to your person at all, and
       | urges for the option of creating multiple identities.
       | 
       | In almost all circumstances where identification is required, the
       | whole point of requiring ID falls apart of you can create a new
       | one whenever you want. We can of course argue that the whole
       | surveillance society is wrong. KYC requirements, no fly lists,
       | credit scores etc, but any proposed system need to have these in
       | consideration or forever only be applicable in niche
       | environments.
       | 
       | Feels like DID is just keybase.com (pre coin-spam and zoom
       | acquisition) or pgp.mit.edu wrapped in a pyramid scheme.
        
       | kiitos wrote:
       | Identity (in any meaningful sense) must always delegate trust to
       | some kind of issuing authority. If for no other reason than
       | because any humane system must always accommodate users who
       | forget their passwords, lose their private keys, etc. Key-pairs
       | are ephemeral device tokens, they are not sources of identity.
       | 
       | KYC is in no way any kind of problem that needs to be fixed, it's
       | a necessary and Actually Good feature of any sufficiently broad
       | financial system. Avoiding KYC-type stuff may make sense in the
       | small, but is actively harmful in the large.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | More important, I think, is that the issuing authority is also
         | legally obliged to actually give a shit, or else you just get a
         | repeat of the current state of affairs where, for example,
         | forced 2FA and no customer support means homeless people get
         | locked out of all their accounts every time a device fails or
         | is stolen.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Yes, and if there's any easy way to recover from that, then
           | implicitly the identity system can't be used to prevent Sybil
           | attacks/spam, since it would be easy to make a new account
           | when you _didn 't_ lose your keys too.
           | 
           | But the article suggests that relying on government issued
           | IDs as a base lets government track all that we do. That's
           | not the case, and is the point with all these systems. It
           | should be possible for instance, using cryptography, to make
           | a distributed chat room service where it's public who has
           | signed up for a chat room, but not who of the posters in it
           | are who.
           | 
           | To be able to selectively prove your identity, including
           | connection to the government-accountable you, without
           | directly involving the government or even anything licensed
           | by the government, would make us more free online, not less.
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | That's one of the big reasons why the EU is avoiding using DID.
         | 
         | The author seems unaware that DIDs are now removed from the
         | latest specs from the OIDC Working Group and EU's eIDAS.
        
           | j_san wrote:
           | Do you have any links where one can read about the removal of
           | DIDs?
        
             | brabel wrote:
             | Just to clarify: DIDs are not removed from the basic OIDC
             | specs (at least yet!), they're just no longer being
             | considered by the high assurance profiles and EU work as
             | they were deemed unsatisfactory for a lot of reasons,
             | including those OP criticizes (but also due to other basic
             | things like citizens not being able to replace lost
             | "documents" - normally keys - which is a must-have for any
             | serious, widely used identity solution).
             | 
             | I suggest you start here: OpenID for Verifiable Credentials
             | - Overview (https://openid.net/sg/openid4vc/)
             | 
             | There's a link there where it says: "European Digital
             | Identity Architecture and Reference Frameworklists OID4VCI,
             | OID4VP and SIOPv2 as required for certain use-cases"
             | 
             | The basic specs still have DIDs and the w3c VC model, but
             | they're moving away both of those, as it seems... notice
             | how all links to other specs are currently to ISO specs
             | instead:
             | 
             | "The following draft ISO standards reference:"
             | 
             | - draft ISO/IEC TS 23220-4 profiles OID4VP to present mdocs
             | 
             | - draft ISO/IEC TS 18013-7 profiles OID4VP to present mDLs
             | (mobile driving licence)
             | 
             | - draft ISO/IEC TS 23220-3 profiles OID4VCI to issue mdocs
             | 
             | The initial page has a tab with links to the specs...
             | here's a direct link to the main Verifiable Credentials
             | spec (Editor's Draft with latest changes - this can be
             | updated at any time still):
             | 
             | https://openid.github.io/OpenID4VCI/openid-4-verifiable-
             | cred...
             | 
             | This spec still supports formats which require the use of
             | DIDs, but none of these formats are being used by the
             | financial-grade profiles or by the EU's initiatives anymore
             | (the whole ebsi thing seems to be a dead end).
             | 
             | That basically means there will be two very separate
             | worlds: one where DID, w3C and blockchain technologies are
             | used, and another one where OAuth, OIDC, mdocs are used
             | (the one favoured by the EU and financial profiles, e.g.
             | the high-assurance interoperability profile says that keys
             | must be resolved from OIDC well-known metadata endpoints:
             | https://openid.net/specs/openid4vc-high-assurance-
             | interopera...).
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | >Avoiding KYC-type stuff may make sense in the small, but is
         | actively harmful in the large.
         | 
         | No, it's a trade-off. No KYC makes it possible for people to
         | lose their identity, but it's also the only way to guarantee
         | full privacy/anonymity, and to make it so the identify-provider
         | doesn't have the power to de-platform anyone. Historically
         | speaking, governments and corporations silencing dissidents has
         | done far far more harm to humanity than people losing their
         | accounts due to forgetfulness etc.
        
           | cateye wrote:
           | There is a logical error in this statement:
           | 
           | "governments and corporations silencing dissidents has done
           | far far more harm to humanity than people losing their
           | accounts"
           | 
           | People can not loose their accounts, because they are
           | governed which makes silencing possible.
        
             | non-chalad wrote:
             | Bureaucratic malfeasance, error, or just plain bad luck,
             | can loose people their accounts, even with government not
             | silencing them.
             | 
             | e.g. a fly landing on a sheet of paper, blocking the print
             | head long enough to generate "Tuttle" from "Buttle",
             | resulting in a long chain of violent events for some
             | unassuming individual...
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > Key-pairs are ephemeral device tokens, they are not sources
         | of identity.
         | 
         | If you take "identity" to mean "the same thing", then you can
         | certainly use a key-pair to show that two documents were signed
         | by the same signing key. Of course, the owner could have lost
         | control of their private key, but that could happen to
         | government-issued ID as well.
         | 
         | If you want "identity" to mean "official persona", then there
         | can only be one of those per person, which means government-
         | issued. I think government ID should only be used for
         | interacting with government; online purchases shouldn't rely on
         | government ID.
         | 
         | Banking is awkward. To get a bank account, you usually have to
         | produce government ID. But then the bank issues you with a
         | bank-issued ID, which is effectively just a proxy for your
         | government ID. It's weird because banks are not part of
         | government, but they have quasi-governmental obligations, e.g.
         | KYC. Even government departments do this; to sign up for self-
         | assessment with HMRC, I have to prove I am who I say I am with
         | government ID; but then HMRC issues me with an HMRC ID. That is
         | nuts.
         | 
         | I want to be able to have multiple IDs that are not linked. I
         | shouldn't have to give government ID to make an online
         | purchase. And I shouldn't have to risk exposing my purchase
         | history when I sign a post to an online forum. It's perfectly
         | legal (here, at least) to have multiple real names; for
         | example, I mainly go by my nickname, which doesn't appear on
         | any official document. Online identity should mirror that.
        
           | non-chalad wrote:
           | > I want to be able to have multiple IDs that are not linked.
           | I shouldn't have to give government ID to make an online
           | purchase
           | 
           | But how will your benevolent rulers be able to socially
           | gamify your behaviour and direct who gets to interact and
           | mate with you? If social credit systems are to work, we need
           | KYC and centralized ID.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | > If social credit systems are to work, we need KYC and
             | centralized ID.
             | 
             | I think we need KYC. That doesn't mean centralized ID. As
             | far as social credit systems is concerned, I take it you
             | are being humorous, but I don't think there's much that's
             | amusing about "social credit".
        
               | non-chalad wrote:
               | Only the seller and buyer need to know each other.
               | Anything beyond, is shoe-in for tyranny.
        
               | hooverd wrote:
               | I think your Reddit score should count towards it.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | The second part of your post seems to contradict the first
           | part, if it's not linked to the government ID how can anyone
           | know if it's the bonafide original and unique persona? And
           | not some duplicate?
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | > the bonafide original
             | 
             | If you take "the bonafide original" to mean the government-
             | issued ID, then obviously only the government-issued ID is
             | boner-fido. But there's no reason why that should be my
             | only ID; I could, for example, generate my own keypair, and
             | hire a notary public to attest that the holder of the
             | keypair is (select any):
             | 
             | [] Good for ten-grand
             | 
             | [] Older than 18/21
             | 
             | [] The person shown in the accompanying (signed) photo
             | 
             | [] The author of xyz.blog
             | 
             | [] The same person as government-ID xxxxx
             | 
             | Only the last needs to be linked to a government ID, but
             | all the others are authentic, bonafide attestations.
             | 
             | And such an ID would not be a duplicate of anything (not
             | sure why you mentioned duplicates; passports, bus-passes
             | and driving licences can all be duplicated).
        
               | Evidlo wrote:
               | > then obviously only the government-issued ID is boner-
               | fido
               | 
               | Never heard of it. Is it an extension of FIDO2?
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | It's a deliberate mis-pronunciation of "bona-fide" that I
               | snagged from the comedian Dawn French.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Let's say someone is 22, how can they credibly attest to
               | being older than 18/21 without referring to some sort of
               | government record?
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | Distinguishing a 21-year-old from a 22-year-old without
               | resorting to government records is a challenge, I agree.
               | 
               | They could produce their parents, or any witness of their
               | birth.
               | 
               | They could (if they were born wealthy) produce a
               | hallmarked silver spoon engraved with their name. Not
               | proof, but persuasive.
               | 
               | They could produce their 21-year-old younger sister, who
               | has government ID (yeah, I know, that is a resort to
               | government ID).
               | 
               | Best of all: they could produce a birth certificate,
               | signed by a doctor (not itself government ID, just a
               | prerequisite to getting a government ID).
        
               | jjgreen wrote:
               | In 20 years, a 40 year old will need ID to buy cigarettes
               | in the UK ("well you say you're 40, but maybe you're a
               | mature 35 year-old").
        
         | jMyles wrote:
         | > Identity (in any meaningful sense) must always delegate trust
         | to some kind of issuing authority. If for no other reason than
         | because any humane system must always accommodate users who
         | forget their passwords, lose their private keys, etc.
         | 
         | Web of trust protocols are a decades-long solved problem
         | (albeit without a prevailing deployment yet). It seems like
         | your comment is meant to be quietly denigrating toward them (or
         | do I have that wrong?). May I ask why?
         | 
         | It seems like eventually a web of trust model is going to arise
         | and win over a critical mass.
        
           | nearting wrote:
           | Even in a web of trust, you're delegating trust to someone
           | that you treat as an authority. Especially in practice, where
           | the long-term outcomes of webs of trust tend to be either (1)
           | the scale is nowhere near sufficient due to the effort
           | involved in verification, or (2) you end up de facto trusting
           | some authorities who can provide that scale, at the cost of
           | the identity verification being less meaningful. Sure, it
           | might be easier to cut off or reroute trust if things go
           | south, I don't see us reaching a critical mass for a
           | significant scale any time soon.
        
       | Joker_vD wrote:
       | > But why do you need to verify a name? Why not take someone at
       | their word, and allow them to choose what name they want to use?
       | Why do all actions need to be linked to a single persistent
       | physical identity?
       | 
       | Why indeed.
       | 
       | There is an adventure novel "The Count of Monte Cristo" in which,
       | as a small subplot, two ex-convicts are made to pose as Italian
       | nobility in the Parisian upper society. Of course, nobody would
       | believe such claims just on their own word _for obvious reasons_
       | , which is why an "introduction to the society" was a custom. It
       | still could be faked, of course, which is exactly what happened.
       | 
       | Also, why link it all to a single persistent physical identity?
       | Because, no matter how many digital identities you use, you are
       | still a single physical person, and it's actually noticeable.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | The count gives both of them a significant line of credit:
         | money overcomes much suspicion of this pair. Their assumed
         | identities are a weapon, and I do not think the scam they are
         | parties to helps your case.
        
           | Joker_vD wrote:
           | Well, "their assumed identities are a weapon" is precisely my
           | case, and I don't even argue that G.I. identification is
           | actually that great of a solution.
           | 
           | The con tricks are as old as humanity, even if they take
           | different forms in different eras, but the ground problem is
           | the same: if someone approcaches you and claims to be e.g. an
           | important noble named such and such from the overseas, they
           | could very well be telling truth--or they could be lying,
           | _and there is almost no way to tell_ for certain, even though
           | there are some good heuristics (their wealth is one, as you
           | allude to).
        
             | ggm wrote:
             | People believe in them because the count backs them. It's
             | totally facilitated by the count. He's like a corrupt CA
             | signing the diginotar certificate
        
               | Joker_vD wrote:
               | Byt why did people believe the count? IIRC, he had pulled
               | some quite elaborate scheme to get the recognition and
               | respect in the Paris, and he was also introduced there by
               | Albert de Morcerf.
        
       | caporaltito wrote:
       | I think "The state won't give up its monopoly on identity" is the
       | most violently american sentence I read in the whole year.
        
         | bhawks wrote:
         | I am who they say I am.
         | 
         | Who gets to choose the they?
        
           | soco wrote:
           | If you choose to request and receive "their" services then
           | "they" get a say. Thus, if you use stuff like roads, schools,
           | ambulances, airports, insurances, or the police, then you are
           | part of the society. Of course you can retreat in a forest
           | and use none of those, then you have a valid point in
           | rejecting central authorities, but only then.
        
             | bhawks wrote:
             | Now I need to have an ID to bike down a road, ride a bus,
             | report a crime?
             | 
             | Do they also have a right to build a database of every time
             | I utilize my ID? What's stopping them?
             | 
             | I think there is already a large group of people who would
             | prefer to live in a society without ceding that much power
             | to a centralized authority.
        
               | RandomLensman wrote:
               | Any ID system that isn't just totally run be each
               | individual themselves is ceding power to someone.
               | 
               | Whether you need an ID to do certain things or are
               | tracked doing certain things is also a very separate
               | issue.
               | 
               | What is stopping "them" is that "them" in liberal
               | democracies (as a technical term) isn't free to do
               | whatever they please nor beyond control/recall/etc. If
               | you want to live in a society, there will be rules,
               | implicit or explicit, on how people interact, delegate,
               | etc.
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | together with "I'm only traveling" and appearing on some YT
         | video on roadstops with predictable but hilarious consequences
        
         | Affric wrote:
         | It's a reference to Weber.
        
         | xcdzvyn wrote:
         | I understand its shallow of me, but I stopped reading exactly
         | here.
         | 
         | Your government needs to know who everybody is. That means
         | illegal immigrants can't get drivers licenses, and that's kind
         | of the point.
         | 
         | > Even IDs for undocumented people (such as Californian AB 60
         | driver's licenses) require a foreign passport, national ID card
         | or birth certificate, and can't help people who have no state-
         | issued identity documents at all.
         | 
         | > This existing ID system is harmful, inaccessible and a single
         | point of failure
        
       | BlueTemplar wrote:
       | > Unfortunately, it is unlikely that the state, who forces
       | government ID regulations onto businesses, employers, landlords
       | and healthcare providers, will accept web-of-trust vouches or
       | biometrics as "proof of identity".
       | 
       | Having looked into it a little bit, web of trust (in the word of
       | mouth / paper form) is already a legal proof of identity.
       | 
       | It was legalized again after WW2, and government ID made optional
       | again rather than mandatory, because the people that forced
       | mandatory IDs on everyone were literally the Nazis. (Related
       | previous history : factory owners and workers.)
       | 
       | So looks like it's a matter of preservation of fundamental rights
       | to insist on using web of trust rather than ID... and most
       | specifically a question of everyday(ish) practice, so the
       | question is how to best push back against the normalization of
       | mandatory IDs ? (In which countries can you sue an administration
       | / a business for refusing to work with you because you refused to
       | provide them an ID ? Does it need to be escalated to civil
       | disobedience and laws changed ? Other options ?)
       | 
       | Of note : this is perhaps only a step in the "Police State-
       | ification" of our societies. At some point, you didn't have a
       | fixed first name / surname / address. But then (for instance)
       | Hausmann demolished your neighborhood, made one more legible to
       | the state instead, and next time the (Paris Commune) riots
       | happened, they failed. It also made you easier to tax, but also
       | brought better sanitation and "foreign" firefighters and
       | ambulance drivers could actually quickly find you. The question
       | is : how much (by definition, unnatural) state legibility is too
       | much, how little is too little, and how to maintain homeostasis
       | in the right range ?
        
       | alfiedotwtf wrote:
       | Can't we just go back to drawing a squiggle on a piece of paper
       | where the verifying party kind of just eyeballs it and if it's
       | good enough (if they even looked at it in the first place), then
       | it's authenticated.
        
       | vinay_ys wrote:
       | > With a web-of-trust, friends or family could vouch for your
       | name, age or location; landlords could vouch for your address;
       | employers could vouch for your skills; customers could vouch for
       | businesses; and so on. As it doesn't rely on government
       | databases, but rather the people you know, it is truly
       | decentralized and accessible.
       | 
       | This is literally how it works in majority of the real world;
       | except for things where government has a role to play; most
       | common case is taxes. If you are a landlord and collect rent from
       | tenant and if either of you want to make tax related claims to
       | the government, then you will have to provide/quote each other's
       | government recognized identity in your tax returns.
       | 
       | For large parts of the population in the lower socio-economic
       | strata, even this won't be relevant. And that reliance on that
       | web-of-trust is the problem for them due to class discrimination
       | etc. Hence, having a government issued identity (as a universal
       | right) which acts as an anchor to which trusted attestations can
       | be attached to is critical to make a difference in the life of
       | the last person in that socio-economic line.
       | 
       | This is in essence the basis for India's identity system
       | Aadhaar[1] - which is super minimal identity system - just
       | biometrics (fingerprint, iris scan, head/shoulder photo, gender)
       | - mapped to a a 12 digit number (basically a unique key in its
       | database); plus 3 additional demographic fields - name, age (date
       | of birth), address - which require external anchor proofs (which
       | are very weak proofs). Here's the full list of accepted proofs -
       | https://uidai.gov.in/images/commdoc/valid_documents_list.pdf
       | 
       | 1. https://uidai.gov.in
        
       | jgeada wrote:
       | Why do people keep (deliberately?) confusing identity with
       | authentication (and authorization)?
       | 
       | 1) Identity is not supposed to be a secret, it is merely who you
       | claim to be. It is no more secret than someone's name. Somewhat
       | similar to the public key in a public key cryptosystem.
       | 
       | 2) Authentication is the proving that who you claim to be is
       | actually who you are. Many systems fail or don't even perform
       | this step. Failure to do this causes wrong attribution of
       | problems, it is why identity theft is not a failure of the victim
       | but of the provider: a bank just took identity as if it was
       | authentication and gave an unauthenticated user invalid access
       | 
       | 3) Authorization: does the person who we've authenticated to be
       | the person they claim to be actually have permissions to do what
       | they're attempting to do. Not everyone with legitimate access to
       | a system has the authorization to do everything. For example,
       | maybe you can read a file, but not modify it.
        
         | from-nibly wrote:
         | I dont want my identity to be public. Its not like a public key
         | at all.
         | 
         | My weight, height, eye color should only be as public as i make
         | it. Thats all part of my identity.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | Ehm... Actually "problem 2" is not a problem but a feature, at
       | social level, and unfortunately some states start to think
       | allowing private companies to give identities (for driving
       | license or ID cards or "just" digital identities) to citizens-
       | users.
       | 
       | A democratic State is owned by their Citizens, formally at least,
       | so only Citizens can identify other Citizens. Not really a
       | monopoly but a safeguard not to be bannable by Google ID because
       | some "terms violation" with no appeal.
       | 
       | For really decentralized systems the classic chain-of-trust model
       | is more than enough IF people really invest in it.
        
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