[HN Gopher] 6th generation x86 CPU Comparisons
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       6th generation x86 CPU Comparisons
        
       Author : luu
       Score  : 117 points
       Date   : 2024-04-16 14:00 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.azillionmonkeys.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.azillionmonkeys.com)
        
       | sydbarrett74 wrote:
       | The linked page was last updated 25 years ago.
        
         | zik wrote:
         | It's still pretty interesting though if you're into CPU
         | architecture. It's an interesting little slice of history.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | The P6 is the direct ancestor of the Intel Core line of CPUs,
           | which is on its 14th and 15th generation on desktop and
           | mobile respectively and presumably will see the 16th
           | generation release later this year.
           | 
           | (Screw the Intel Core(Ultra)<X> rebranding.)
           | 
           | So in that sense, this is a very interesting bit of history
           | that's still relevant today.
        
             | phire wrote:
             | Yeah, nearly 30 years of continual incremental improvements
             | to the same P6 microarchitecture.
             | 
             | Intel actually went back to the P6 uarch after Netburst
             | (Pentium 4) failed to meet expectations. Fortunately, they
             | had continue to improve P6 as a laptop focused processor
             | (Pentium M). Netburst is a very interesting uarch, with a
             | lot of interesting innovations. Some of those ideas (like
             | hyperthreadding, the single physical register file and a
             | simplified uop cache) eventually made their way back to the
             | P6 uarch.
             | 
             | And it's not just historically relevant to Intel. Other CPU
             | vendors started copying the basic layout of the P6 and as
             | now days the high-level views of AMD's Zen uarch and all
             | high-performance AArch64 uarches look remarkably similar to
             | the P6 and its decedents.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | When you said that I thought this was about the 1980s, not the
         | late 1990s...
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | the 80s are forever 20 years ago
        
         | krylon wrote:
         | I could tell. It loaded nearly instantly and rendered as fast
         | it was loaded. (Also, I read that article on one beautiful
         | afternoon in the summer of 2008.)
        
         | bayindirh wrote:
         | As long as the information is accurate, does it matter?
        
       | MBCook wrote:
       | (1999)
        
       | Twirrim wrote:
       | Wow, Cyrix. There's a name I haven't heard in a long time.
        
         | RetroTechie wrote:
         | Yeah. Super Socket 7 was a great platform. Plugging cpu's from
         | different manufacturers into a common socket, a choice of 3rd
         | party chipsets, wide range of cpu speeds / TDP / price, and
         | good longevity.
         | 
         | These days sockets are shortlived & each manufacturer has their
         | own. Or cpu's (and even RAM) soldered directly onto a board so
         | you can't upgrade anything.
        
           | krylon wrote:
           | Yeah, that sucks. Used to be, one could just replace a single
           | component to upgrade one's PC, soon you could no longer just
           | replace the CPU, you needed a new motherboard, which also
           | required new RAM. We lost something there.
        
           | jonathanlydall wrote:
           | 3rd party chipsets not always a good thing.
           | 
           | I remember consistently having reliability issues with
           | Windows 98 when installed on systems with VIA chipsets, but
           | almost no problems with Intel chipsets. Gigabyte motherboards
           | if it makes a difference, and yes, the chipset drivers were
           | installed.
        
         | krylon wrote:
         | My first PC had a Cyrix "P166+" running at 133MHz. That CPU
         | used almost twice the power of a Pentium running at the same
         | clock speed, yet many PC vendors put the same fans on both.
         | 
         | As a result, under heavy load, my PC would crash rather often,
         | leading me to curse audibly until somebody pointed out the
         | power vs fan issue to me and recommended I get a bigger fan. So
         | I did. After that, it ran pretty stable.
         | 
         | Cyrix made a trade of in that CPU, the integer performance was
         | far better than that of a Pentium at the same clock speed, the
         | floating point performance lagged far behind. I got that
         | machine in the summer of 1996, and then all my friends started
         | playing Quake, which made me sad. Playing Quake (let alone
         | Quake II) on that machine was more like staring at a slideshow.
         | A 3dfx card was way outside my budget, unfortunately.
        
       | nxobject wrote:
       | From the same period, Ars wrote an excellent non-technical
       | introduction to the whole generation of architectures - "RISC vs
       | CISC: the Post-RISC Era". [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://arstechnica.com/features/1999/10/rvc/
        
         | eeeficus wrote:
         | Jon Stokes also wrote Inside the machine[1], a great
         | introduction to microprocessors architecture.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.amazon.com/Inside-Machine-Introduction-
         | Microproc...
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | Does anyone know what the latest/newest generation is?
       | 
       | With the i3/i5/i7/i9 naming convention I have lost track Unless
       | i3.1s have essentially the same architecture as i3.xxx newest.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | I think Meteor Lake is the upcoming generation. They are using
         | big (P) and small cores (E) and chiplet technology (like AMD).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor_Lake
        
           | chx wrote:
           | Meteor Lake is out.
           | 
           | The next ones are Sierra Forest and Granite Rapids on the
           | server side, Arrow Lake on the desktop and Lunar Lake on the
           | laptop.
           | 
           | And then comes Panther Lake supposedly next year which is
           | both desktop and laptop and Gelsinger admitted betting the
           | company on the 18A process it is using.
           | 
           | We shall see.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Wikipedia is the best source for this as its confusing unless
         | you deal with it every day. FWIW Raptor Lake
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raptor_Lake) is Intel's codename
         | for its 13th & 14th generation of Core processors, and the one
         | after will be called Arrow Lake and Meteor Lake (depending on
         | if desktop or mobile).
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | Intel Core is an eighth-generation microarchitecture, and the
         | most recent Intel desktop CPUs are 14th gen Core processors. So
         | the current generation is "8.14" as it were; the basic
         | architecture is still more or less the same as it was 15 years
         | ago.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | What a great read. Thank you Paul Hsieh.
       | 
       | I think the website is also a great design and implementation.
       | Given that it was last updated in 1999 the design is original not
       | a retro creation.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | What a great read. Thank you Paul Hsieh.
       | 
       | I think the website is also a great design and implementation.
       | Given that it was last updated in 1999 the design is original not
       | a retro creation.
       | 
       | When did Transmeta join the fray?
        
       | anticensor wrote:
       | The 7th generation comparisons:
       | http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/cpujihad.shtml
        
       | boricj wrote:
       | There's an in-depth video that compares the performance of
       | Quake's software renderer on the Pentium MMX versus the AMD K6 at
       | the micro-architecture level:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWVhIvZlytc
       | 
       | The most interesting insight in there is how the former manages
       | to outperform the latter in this specific case due to a pipeline
       | quirk in the FDIV instruction, despite the fact it is a previous
       | generation, in-order design vs a next generation, out-of-order
       | design.
        
       | krylon wrote:
       | > [The Pentium II] was the first processor (I knew of) to have
       | completely documented post-RISC features such as dynamic
       | execution, out of order execution and retirement. (PA-RISC
       | predated it as far as implementing the technology, however; I am
       | suspicious that HP told Intel to either work with them on Merced,
       | or be sued up the wazoo.)
       | 
       | With some hindsight available now, does anybody know if there is
       | something to this suspicion? Intel being far less enthusiastic
       | about Itanium than HP did look weird to me. Then again, that was
       | years later when Itanium was actually available and nobody except
       | HP showed any interest in using them.
        
         | sillywalk wrote:
         | According to Wikipedia, the CDC 6400 had some OoO execution in
         | 1964, and the IBM 360 model 91 had register renaming and full
         | OoO in 1966, and IBM POWER1 had OoO in 1990.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-order_execution
        
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       (page generated 2024-04-20 23:02 UTC)