[HN Gopher] Daniel Dennett has died
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Daniel Dennett has died
        
       Author : mellosouls
       Score  : 608 points
       Date   : 2024-04-19 15:33 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dailynous.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dailynous.com)
        
       | Bostonian wrote:
       | RIP. His book Consciousness Explained (1992) was fascinating.
        
         | canadiantim wrote:
         | I've always heard it described as Consciousness Explained Away
         | (1992); still tho, RIP
        
           | markhahn wrote:
           | Yes, it was traditional "philosphers of mind" who found him
           | dismissive, mainly because those are all basically
           | Mysterians.
           | 
           | For instance, he cut Chalmers no slack on the incoherency of
           | Philosophical Zombies.
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | The title promised more than it delivered, but nevertheless,
           | Dennett's efforts in attempting to achieve that goal were a
           | refreshing break from the incessant and fruitless bickering
           | over whether the mind is a physical phenomenon.
        
           | wzdd wrote:
           | That isn't the witty riposte that it is apparently thought to
           | be. It really does "explain away" consciousness by reducing
           | it to plausible physical processes. This reduction also
           | applies to things like qualia, which is where nonmaterialists
           | get upset as qualia (or equivalents) are also invoked by
           | people like Nagel and Chalmers to argue against the
           | physicality of consciousness.
           | 
           | The core argument from Nagel / Chalmers is that that there is
           | a subjective element to consciousness which has no physical
           | explanation. The reasoning for this is always an appeal to
           | intuition. If you accept that there is "something that it is
           | like" to see red, be a bat, etc, and that the "something that
           | it is like" is above and beyond the physical processes of the
           | brain -- the firing of neurons -- then you by definition
           | cannot accept a purely physical explanation of consciousness.
           | Dennett's book argues that this is mystical nonsense (or,
           | charitably, wishful thinking) and the "something that it is
           | like" is simply what happens when particular types of
           | physical processes occur in the brain.
           | 
           | It's no surprise, therefore, that "explained away" is a
           | criticism if you're a nonmaterialist. But if you're a
           | materialist, then "explained away" is actually a good thing
           | and the purpose of the book.
        
         | acqbu wrote:
         | Rest in Peace, Legend!
        
       | errantmind wrote:
       | I had the opportunity to hear a guest lecture of his in Colorado
       | a little over 15 years ago which inspired my further study of
       | philosophy at the time. He had a keen mind and will be missed.
        
       | dosinga wrote:
       | The Mind's I: Fantasies And Reflections On Self & Soul with
       | Douglas Adams is from quite some time ago, but as relevant as
       | ever
        
         | x3n0ph3n3 wrote:
         | Douglas R. Hofstadter (of GEB), not Douglas Adams
        
           | apricot wrote:
           | In the beginning, self-reference was created. This had made
           | many people very angry and has been widely regarded as a bad
           | move.
        
             | johngossman wrote:
             | I want to read this book
        
       | kkarimi wrote:
       | Probably the most interesting modern thinker that I remember from
       | my 6 years of studying Psychology and Neuroscience. RIP
        
       | mkmk wrote:
       | Very nice profile of him from 2017:
       | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/03/27/daniel-dennett...
       | RIP
        
       | vlowther wrote:
       | One of the great thinkers of the modern era. He will be missed.
        
       | ricardo81 wrote:
       | Enjoyed his participations in the "four horseman of the
       | apocalypse"
       | 
       | Also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZefk4gzQt4 - From Bacteria
       | to Bach and Back
       | 
       | Apt for today's world.
       | 
       | Could listen to him all day.
        
         | arrowsmith wrote:
         | _Non_ -apocalypse. That's the joke.
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Dennett
        
       | DylanDmitri wrote:
       | Really liked this essay on cognition -
       | https://aeon.co/essays/how-to-understand-cells-tissues-and-o...
        
       | ithkuil wrote:
       | I must admit I always scoffed at philosophers, but then I started
       | reading Dennett and not only I finally met a philosopher that I
       | respected, but he helped me unlock what other philosophers are
       | doing and I started to see philosophers as a whole in new light.
        
         | klodolph wrote:
         | You're not alone. I think a lot of people, especially in STEM,
         | pooh-pooh philosophy at first.
         | 
         | The problem is that in any field, if you start digging to
         | understand the underlying concepts of that field and how they
         | are defined, at some point you hit philosophy and start working
         | with philosophical concepts.
         | 
         | The other problem is that there's some real quack philosophy
         | around, too. Various traps that philosophers sometimes fall
         | into.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | Whom would you describe as a "quack" philosopher?
        
             | klodolph wrote:
             | I picked the wording of my comment carefully... "quack
             | philosophy" is what I said, not "quack philosopher". That
             | was very, very intentional.
             | 
             | I don't think I have ever described somebody as a quack
             | philosopher.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Ok, then what works would you describe as quack
               | philosophy? I don't think the distinction is really that
               | relevant.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | Ok. I think the distinction is important, and relevant,
               | and even critical. It is a distinction I will continue to
               | make.
               | 
               | I put the concept of "philosophical zombies" as quackery.
               | At best, the p-zombie thought experiment shows that we
               | haven't really come up with a definition of consciousness
               | that explains what we want it to explain. Some people use
               | p-zombies as part of a larger argument against
               | physicalism. Chalmers published a modal logic argument
               | against physicalism using p-zombies. One of the tricky
               | things about modal logic is that it requires a deeper
               | understanding of modal logic in order for you (you,
               | someone reading a modal logic argument) to make good
               | decisions about which propositions you are willing to
               | accept in a modal logic argument. Since most people only
               | have an intuitive understanding of modal logic, it is a
               | good way to win an argument but a bad way to explain your
               | position.
               | 
               | I'd say that this work (p-zombies) is quackery in the
               | sense that it's consistently directed at something which
               | I consider to be unproductive, which is the work of
               | undermining or attacking physicalism / physical monism.
               | At some point, in these discussions, you end up having
               | some argument about the semantics of ontology and how you
               | define "existence". If your semantics for "existence"
               | admits non-physical things to exist (like, if you're a
               | Platonist), and you're having a conversation with someone
               | who believes in physicalism, then I don't think either
               | person in the conversation is going to get much out of
               | it, other than a better way to explain their own
               | position.
               | 
               | Edit: I hope that paints a complete enough picture and
               | covers the important parts of my complaints about
               | p-zombies. I don't have my finger on the pulse of
               | philosophy and I may be missing something important,
               | maybe there's some really important argument p-zombies
               | are used for, and maybe I don't understand Chalmers;
               | that's always a risk. My main complaint here is that it
               | seems to be some tool to make an argument against
               | physicalism, but this tool doesn't help you understand
               | physicalism, or help you understand its alternatives.
               | It's just an argument that you can have between somebody
               | who believes in physicalism and somebody who doesn't,
               | where neither person will agree with the other one after
               | hearing the argument.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | I can see how you would find that unproductive, but I
               | don't know if it really counts as quackery.
               | 
               |  _Quack: 1) A practitioner who suggests the use of
               | substances or devices for the prevention or treatment of
               | disease that are known to be ineffective.
               | 
               | 2) A person who pretends to be able to diagnose or heal
               | people, but is unqualified and incompetent._
               | 
               | The inside baseball term more relevant to what you're
               | talking about, I think, is "talking past each other."
               | https://www.jstor.org/stable/25655279
               | 
               | A quack philosopher would seem to me to be someone that
               | claims to be doing philosophy or interpreting the ideas
               | of a philosopher, but doing so in an egregiously wrong or
               | misleading manner.
               | 
               | You also might want to check out this article for more on
               | p-zombies, by the way:
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zombies/
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | > I can see how you would find that unproductive, but I
               | don't know if it really counts as quackery.
               | 
               | Oh, here's the thing--it's not actually important to
               | argue about what the word "quackery" means. I've
               | explained what I meant by "philosophical quackery", and
               | if you want to talk about the content of what I wrote,
               | then by all means, respond to the content.
               | 
               | If, instead, you want to start a fight about what the
               | word "quackery" means, and whether I was wrong to use it,
               | then I'm out. That sounds like a waste of time.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | You used the word quackery, and I pointed out that this
               | is an inaccurate term and that yes, the phenomenon you're
               | describing is a thing called "talking past each other"
               | and that it is a frequent criticism from within
               | philosophy itself.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what else there is to say here. If you call
               | people something, perhaps it's important to actually know
               | what that thing means? This seems to happen often in
               | conversations critical of philosophy: terms are used
               | unclearly, and the attempt to actually clarify those
               | terms is hand-waved away as "I don't want to argue about
               | definitions."
               | 
               | So I think your criticism here is not that there are
               | quack philosophical works, but that there are
               | unproductive ones that do nothing but restate established
               | positions. Which is definitely a true thing.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | > If you call people something, perhaps it's important to
               | actually know what that thing means?
               | 
               | "Quackery" is not some technical term here. It is a
               | mistake to rely too much on technical definitions of
               | words. If you rely too much on technical definitions and
               | dictionary definitions for non-technical words, then you
               | will probably misunderstand what people mean, relatively
               | frequently.
               | 
               | I could also insert some comment about the history of
               | philosophy and modernism / post-modernism, here. If you
               | take the stance that a word means something
               | independently, in some kind of platonic sense, then you
               | agree with the modernists. If you take the stance that a
               | word's meaning comes from how it's interpreted by people
               | who read it, you agree with the post-modernists.
               | 
               | I'm just trying to use a word to convey some sort of
               | meaning. If that word didn't convey the intended meaning
               | to you, I can use different words. Which I did.
               | 
               | > terms are used unclearly, and the attempt to actually
               | clarify those terms is hand-waved away as "I don't want
               | to argue about definitions."
               | 
               | Terms are generally used unclearly, it is unavoidable.
               | When I say that "I don't want to argue about
               | definitions", what I mean is that I want to talk about
               | subject X, and I used the word "quackery" to describe it.
               | I want to talk about subject X, not about the definition
               | of "quackery", which is irrelevant.
               | 
               | A discussion about the word "quackery" is immaterial
               | because I can clarify things by re-explaining subject X
               | using different words. I did that--but apparently you are
               | not interested in clarifications, because your actions
               | indicate a greater interest in fighting over whether I
               | used the word "quackery" correctly.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | > I'm just trying to use a word to convey some sort of
               | meaning. If that word didn't convey the intended meaning
               | to you, I can use different words. Which I did.
               | 
               | Yes, and I thought I understood that meaning and
               | addressed it when I said this is typically called
               | "talking past each other."
               | 
               | > So I think your criticism here is not that there are
               | quack philosophical works, but that there are
               | unproductive ones that do nothing but restate established
               | positions. Which is definitely a true thing.
               | 
               | Can you clarify how this _isn 't_ what you mean? How is
               | what you're saying different from what I interpreted it
               | as meaning?
        
             | ithkuil wrote:
             | I realized that it was mostly my problem of not
             | understanding what philosophers do
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Yes, I think that's a common experience. Many people
               | expect philosophers to be something like wise old village
               | elders, whereas in reality they are more like lawyers
               | working in extremely niche areas of law.
        
             | bugbuddy wrote:
             | Zizek comes to mind immediately. My younger self used to be
             | more open minded but even then he was way out there and way
             | too bombastic.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Meh, Zizek may be redundant and attention-seeking, but I
               | wouldn't call him a quack. He has done some legitimate
               | work, even if I definitely wouldn't call myself a fan.
               | 
               | I like his books, but someone like Alan Watts is much
               | more prone to quackery, IMO.
        
               | helboi4 wrote:
               | Yeah Alan Watts is definitely way more of a quack. I like
               | and respect Zizek though he's not a philosopher I rate
               | highly.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | I think it's easy to get turned off by Zizek's kind of
               | bombastic approach to explaining philosophy to lay
               | people. It's also, I'd say, hard to develop sympathy for
               | continental philosophy, especially if we are American,
               | and a lot of his positions seem kind of like nonsense if
               | you don't understand some of the underlying frameworks he
               | uses (something he shares in common with a lot of
               | continental philosophers) or if you don't bridge the
               | wider gap between reader and writer that continental
               | philosophers tend to have.
               | 
               | Zizek has made comments about so many _different_ things,
               | so publicly, that it's hard to avoid finding something
               | you disagree with. But it's also hard to avoid finding
               | something you agree with.
        
             | kirubakaran wrote:
             | Philosophers who study ducks' perception of reality
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Nagel really missed an opportunity to name his paper,
               | "What Is It Like to Quack?" instead of "What Is It Like
               | to Be a Bat?".
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > a lot of people, especially in STEM, pooh-pooh philosophy
           | at first.
           | 
           | That's because a lot of philosophy is eminently pooh-pooh-
           | able. There is a tiny minority of philosophers who are
           | actually scientists pushing very hard on the boundaries of
           | human knowledge. Dennett was one of them. Tim Maudlin is
           | another. But the vast majority of people who self-identify
           | professionally as philosophers, and especially the ones whose
           | names are revered (I'm looking at you, Ludwig Wittgenstein
           | [EDITED]), do work that seems to me to be little more than
           | the obfuscation of trivial or false ideas.
        
             | klodolph wrote:
             | Could you elaborate on how Kant does work that seems to be
             | little more than the obfuscation of trivial or false ideas?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Sorry, I made a mistake. I meant Wittgenstein, not Kant,
               | who wrote one of the premier works of philosophical
               | nonsense: the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1]. I
               | believe that Wittgenstein himself once admitted that it
               | was basically intended to be a practical joke kind of
               | like the Sokal affair [2], but I can't find the reference
               | right now. But some people seem to still take it
               | seriously.
               | 
               | The biggest problem in classical philosophy is that there
               | were fundamental things they simply didn't know. In
               | particular, anything written before 1936 doesn't have the
               | benefit of Turing's results on universal computation, and
               | so it suffers from all kinds of misconceptions about
               | human exceptionalism. These mistakes are understandable,
               | but nonetheless the products of ignorance, and should be
               | of little more than historical interest today. But AFAICT
               | contemporary philosophers still take them seriously.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.wittgensteinproject.org/w/index.php?title
               | =Tracta...
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokal_affair
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> I meant Wittgenstein, not Kant_
               | 
               | I think Kant would have been another justifiable example.
               | I found Bertrand Russell's commentary on Kant to be apt:
               | 
               | "Hume, with his criticism of the concept of causality,
               | awakened him from his dogmatic slumbers--so at least he
               | says, but the awakening was only temporary, and he soon
               | invented a soporific which enabled him to sleep again."
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > I think Kant would have been another justifiable
               | example.
               | 
               | He may well be, I just don't know that much about him.
        
               | dsubburam wrote:
               | What do you make of Wittgenstein's "no private language"
               | argument?[1]
               | 
               | I am not a professional philosopher, but I understand
               | that that argument is offered as proof that "language is
               | essentially social" (see article cited below), and so of
               | some import.
               | 
               | [1] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/private-language/
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | He's not wrong, but the right way to make this argument
               | is in terms of Shannon's information theory. You don't
               | need to resort to philosophical mumbo jumbo, as
               | Wittgenstein did. And Wittgenstein actually had no excuse
               | because Shannon published while Wittgenstein was still
               | alive.
               | 
               | This is the difference between the Wittgensteins and the
               | Dennetts and Maudlins of the world. Wittgenstein just
               | seems to be profoundly ignorant of science and how it
               | applies to philosophical questions, while Dennett and
               | Maudlin are really scientists first and philosophers
               | second. Their work is chock full of references to actual
               | scientific studies. Maudlin probably knows more about
               | quantum physics than many physicists.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | Information-theoretical arguments are powerful, but
               | they're not the only worthwhile approaches. You can't use
               | an information-theoretic argument to teach someone
               | information theory, and they'll find it easier to grok
               | the consequences of information theory if they have other
               | concepts to relate it to. Having multiple different
               | routes to a given understanding is useful.
               | 
               | Wittgenstein was studying the _nature of language_ ,
               | something closer to mathematics than to physics. And he
               | came up with these ideas no later than 1933: Shannon only
               | published his work on information theory in 1948. That
               | Wittgenstein's later work was validated by advances in
               | science _over a decade later_ suggests that
               | "philosophical mumbo jumbo" does not characterise it
               | well. Indeed, perhaps there's something to learn from it.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | >Wittgenstein just seems to be profoundly ignorant of
               | science and how it applies to philosophical questions
               | 
               | ??? If anything his criticism of his own work was that it
               | was excessively represented language as being the kind of
               | language used by the natural sciences, which was a narrow
               | slice of the full breadth of possible ways language can
               | be used to convey meaning. The very thing that makes his
               | career so fascinating is that he was purely an
               | engineering bro, who cared more about math and logic, and
               | he brought that perspective into philosophy, and
               | challenged philosophy as being nonsense when measured
               | against the standards of the hard sciences. That's
               | essentially what the Tractatus is, and also the reason
               | why it was retrospectively regarded as dogmatic.
               | 
               | Shannon's information theory is brilliant, but born out
               | of an interest in formalisms related information
               | transmission, and while it can be treated like it's in
               | conversation with theories of semantic meaning, I don't
               | think it was ever considered a specific repudiation of
               | any particular approach. There was a whole century's
               | worth of "ordinary language" philosophy in the anglo
               | world guilty of much graver offenses in regarding
               | uncritical assumptions about ordinary language as some
               | kind of conceptual or informational bedrock, and the ways
               | you apply Shannon to any of that, while I think you can,
               | are non-obvious.
               | 
               | > And Wittgenstein actually had no excuse because Shannon
               | published while Wittgenstein was still alive.
               | 
               | Tractatus came out something like 20 years before
               | information theory, and by the time it was published he
               | had already taken his late career "turn" to self
               | criticism, but again, I don't think anyone treated
               | Shannon like it was any specific commentary on his
               | philosophy, the topics are rather remote and while they
               | can "speak to" one another in a sense, a lot depends on
               | how you build out your conceptual bridge between the two
               | topics.
        
               | jolux wrote:
               | Wittgenstein later repudiated the line of inquiry that
               | produced the Tractatus but I'm pretty sure he was quite
               | serious about it when he published.
        
               | d0odk wrote:
               | Someone who is discrediting all of philosophy shouldn't
               | confuse Wittgenstein and Kant.
               | 
               | Further, Wittgenstein disavowed Tractatus as a failed
               | project and completely revised his approach to
               | philosophy. His most important and influential works came
               | afterwards.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > Someone who is discrediting all of philosophy shouldn't
               | confuse Wittgenstein and Kant.
               | 
               | Getting the names confused is not the same as getting the
               | people confused. My poster child for philosophical
               | nonsense has always been the Tractatus. I just somehow
               | got it into my head that it was written by Kant, not
               | Wittgenstein (I've always been bad at remembering names)
               | and I didn't bother to check because I was writing an HN
               | comment and not a paper for publication.
        
               | d0odk wrote:
               | Okay, but you initially criticized Wittgenstein, the
               | philosopher, not Tractatus, the work. Wittgenstein
               | himself would agree that Tractatus is deeply flawed. He
               | wrote his more influential works later, and they went in
               | a completely different philosophical direction. You're
               | criticizing a philosopher as "pooh-pooh-able" for a work
               | that he personally disavowed and does not represent the
               | positions he is best known for.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I was intending to criticize the _field_ , and in a shot-
               | from-the-hip in a moment of some passion chose
               | Wittgenstein as my example.
               | 
               | > Wittgenstein himself would agree that Tractatus is
               | deeply flawed.
               | 
               | So I am vindicated. I'm not actually criticizing
               | Wittgenstein for writing Tractatus; there's nothing wrong
               | with writing nonsense. Lewis Carroll was a master. The
               | problem is writing nonsense and not recognizing it as
               | nonsense. I'm criticizing the field of philosophy for
               | elevating Wittgenstein to iconic status after having
               | written such manifest nonsense without recognizing that
               | it is manifest nonsense. That is an indictment of the
               | field, not the man.
               | 
               | BTW, the reason that this is a touchy subject with me is
               | that I did my masters thesis (in 1987) on the subject of
               | intentionality [1] in AI. After wading through dozens of
               | inscrutible papers I came to realize that the whole topic
               | was basically bullshit [2], and that the problem had been
               | completely solved by Bertrand Russell in 1905 [3], but no
               | one seemed to have noticed. Even today the vast majority
               | of philosophers (AFAIK) think this is still an open
               | topic.
               | 
               | And BTW, Russell's solution is beautiful and easy to
               | understand. Frankly, I think it has been ignored
               | _because_ it is easy to understand.
               | 
               | [1] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intentionality/
               | 
               | [2] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intentionality/#In
               | teInex
               | 
               | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Denoting
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | >So I am vindicated
               | 
               | I think there's a lot of confidently wrong histories
               | being tossed around this thread, and it's not quite right
               | to say he abandoned his old work as meaningless. He
               | considered it dogmatic, but not nonsensical by any
               | stretch.
        
               | d0odk wrote:
               | My gripe is that the commenter above cites early
               | Wittgenstein as an example of the failure of philosophy
               | as a whole, while ignoring (or perhaps being unaware)
               | that later Wittgenstein is what is philosophical "canon".
               | I'll concede there is some debate about how
               | Wittgenstein's views evolved over his life and the extent
               | to which he repudiated his earlier work. But I think
               | you're going a bit far by characterizing what I said as
               | "confidently wrong history," if that's directed at what I
               | wrote.
        
               | d0odk wrote:
               | Have you read later Wittgenstein?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I've read (parts of) Critique of Pure Reason. Does that
               | count?
        
               | d0odk wrote:
               | lol
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | I'll take that as a "no". What would you recommend?
        
               | d0odk wrote:
               | Critique of Pure Reason is Kant. I thought you were
               | making a joke based on the earlier mixup between Kant and
               | Wittgenstein. Late Wittgenstein is Philosophical
               | Investigations. There are also good texts on philosophy
               | of language that excerpt from the major authors
               | (including Wittgenstein) without requiring you to read
               | the entirety of their books.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Nope, not a joke. Just the same mistake I made
               | originally. I guess I have conflated Kant and
               | Wittgenstein in my mind even more thoroughly than I
               | thought.
               | 
               | My bad. I've gotten pretty overwhelmed with all the
               | activity in this thread, and I'm trying to get some
               | actual work done in between responses so I'm a little
               | distracted.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | He disavowed is as comprehensive account of linguistic
               | meaning, but I don't think he regarded it as false or
               | meaningless, only that the full breadth of ways language
               | conveyed meaning was wider than the account given in
               | Tractatus.
        
               | raddan wrote:
               | I would love to see a reference to the claim that
               | Wittgenstein regarded Tractatus as a joke. I took an
               | analytic philosophy course as an undergrad that featured
               | Wittgenstein prominently, and that prof certainly did not
               | regard it unseriously.
               | 
               | Anyone whose job it is to uncover the truth ought to be
               | ant least a little curious about what we know and how we
               | know it, and perhaps more importantly, whether there are
               | true things that we can never know. These are mostly not
               | scientific questions, but thinking about them helps us
               | understand why science settled on the particular set of
               | axioms that it did (eg, that there really is a world that
               | exists independently of humans and their conception of
               | it).
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > I would love to see a reference to the claim that
               | Wittgenstein regarded Tractatus as a joke.
               | 
               | Apparently I was wrong about that too. According to
               | another comment in this thread [1], he disavowed the work
               | later, but intended it to be serious when he wrote it.
               | 
               | It has always seemed like self-evident nonsense to me
               | though.
               | 
               | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40089100
        
               | vehemenz wrote:
               | I think your critique of philosophy would land better if
               | you picked an easier target. The primary metaphor of the
               | Tractatus (pulling up the ladder) often goes over
               | people's heads.
        
             | andybak wrote:
             | The fact that you got Wittgenstein and Kant confused
             | doesn't give me much faith in the depth of understanding of
             | philosophy that led to your other opinions.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Lol, yeah. For programmers unfamiliar with philosophy,
               | this is like confusing Lisp with C. (Someone that is
               | familiar with both might be able to make a better analogy
               | here.)
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | You're not far off. I'm tempted to head off to write a
               | "if philosophers were programming languages" post now.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | What the heck, I've got more hacker karma than the
               | Digital Dalai Lama. I'll take -4 for the team and ask the
               | English language for its own interpretation [1]:
               | 
               | "In the high-stakes world of technology, where the choice
               | of a programming language can either pave the way to
               | efficiency or lead you into the depths of debugging hell,
               | imagine if programming languages were as enigmatic and
               | complex as the philosophers of yore. Here's how I
               | envision this quirky universe.
               | 
               | Plato: _HTML_
               | 
               | Plato's ideal forms find their match in HTML. Much like
               | Plato's theory, where objects in the physical realm are
               | mere shadows of their perfect forms, HTML is but the
               | scaffolding of web content, giving structure but relying
               | on the more material CSS and JavaScript to breathe life
               | into its skeletal outlines. HTML, the philosopher of the
               | web, contemplates the essence of web structure in a cave
               | of its own making, illuminated by the flickering screens
               | of web developers trying to decode the shadows of their
               | CSS frameworks.
               | 
               | Aristotle: _Python_
               | 
               | Aristotle, known for his logic and systematic approach to
               | the physical world, would be Python. Just as Aristotle
               | classified flora and fauna, Python organizes data with
               | lists, tuples, and dictionaries, making it ideal for
               | developers who seek clarity and readability. Python's
               | philosophy is simple yet profound, mirroring Aristotle's
               | quest for understanding through empirical observation and
               | not-so-metaphysical methods.
               | 
               | Descartes: _C++_
               | 
               | "I think, therefore I am," proclaimed Descartes, and so
               | would any program written in C++. C++, with its complex
               | syntax and powerful capabilities, reflects Descartes'
               | dualism. It can create almost metaphysical experiences in
               | virtual realities but can also cause existential crises
               | with its pointers and memory leaks, leading programmers
               | to doubt everything, especially their choice of language.
               | 
               | Nietzsche: _Assembly_
               | 
               | Nietzsche, the philosopher of power, will to manifest,
               | and the ubermensch, resonates with Assembly language. Not
               | for the faint-hearted, Assembly is for those who dare to
               | manipulate the very fabric of hardware. Like Nietzsche's
               | writing, Assembly is tough to decipher, powerful in its
               | capacity, and not commonly understood by the masses,
               | often leaving one to ponder in solitude about the eternal
               | recurrence of debugging sessions.
               | 
               | Kant: _Java_
               | 
               | Kant, who was all about rules and categorical
               | imperatives, fits perfectly with Java. Java's platform-
               | independent mantra--write once, run anywhere--is a stern
               | dictate akin to Kant's moral imperatives. Both
               | philosopher and language demand strict adherence to their
               | defined structures and frameworks, leaving little room
               | for moral or syntactic error.
               | 
               | Sartre: _JavaScript_
               | 
               | Existentialist par excellence, Sartre's notion of
               | existence precedes essence is the lived reality of every
               | JavaScript framework. Just when you think you understand
               | the essence of the JavaScript ecosystem, a new library or
               | framework pops into existence, challenging the very core
               | of your understanding. Sartre's philosophy of radical
               | freedom and existential angst mirrors the liberty and
               | chaos of JavaScript's untyped, loosely structured syntax.
               | 
               | Hegel: _Haskell_
               | 
               | Hegel's dialectical method moves through thesis,
               | antithesis, and synthesis, much like how Haskell
               | approaches problems with its pure functional programming
               | paradigm. It encourages developers to think in terms of
               | transformations of data, often leading to a synthesis of
               | solutions that are as elegant as they are abstract,
               | reflective of Hegel's complex philosophical constructs.
               | 
               | In this whimsical world where philosophers are
               | programming languages, choosing the right one could well
               | depend on whether you prefer the existential dread of
               | debugging Sartre's JavaScript at 3 AM or contemplating
               | the Platonic forms of your HTML content. In either case,
               | the philosophical underpinnings of your chosen language
               | might just lead to as many questions about the nature of
               | reality as lines of code."
               | 
               | 1: https://chat.openai.com/share/584f78d7-6a9e-438d-ab87-
               | 02cebd...
        
               | bitwize wrote:
               | Wow, those are some... really arbitrary choices, but it
               | would probably pass muster for an entertaining blogpost
               | written by a twentysomething and posted to /r/programming
               | -- or even here -- circa 2008.
        
               | sdwr wrote:
               | Sartre and Hegel are pretty solid, the rest feel tenuous
               | at best
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | I don't know, pretty hard to argue with Nietzsche's
               | pairing with assembly. Unless you wanted to play the HDL
               | card.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Nietzche is Lisp. Thus Spoke Zarathustra it's basically
               | what a REPL does and means. Read, eval, print, loop.
               | Learn, apply, teach, repeat. Data is code, a list it's
               | both data and a function to evaluate if you wish.
        
               | dudinax wrote:
               | It's more like confusing intercal with brainfuck.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | What can I say? I've always been bad with names.
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | OK. Names aside I'm not sure how much you know about
               | Wittgenstein. I'm far from an expert but - he did largely
               | refute the Tractatus later in life but reasons that are
               | probably the opposite of what you're implying. If
               | anything his later works attempts to be _less_ rigorous
               | because he reached the conclusion that attempting rigour
               | in language was deeply flawed.
               | 
               | Like I said - I'm no expert and I've never read
               | Wittgenstein first hand - but I do struggle when people
               | casually dismiss the work of thousands of smart, sincere
               | people over thousands of years.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > I'm not sure how much you know about Wittgenstein.
               | 
               | Not much. But I don't have to know much to make my case
               | here. All I have to do is point to the Tractatus, which
               | really is manifest nonsense, and point out that
               | publishing this bit of manifest nonsense didn't seem to
               | hurt Wittgenstein's career much. Tractatus is not the
               | only example of this sort of thing, just the one that
               | sticks out in my mind as the most blatant.
               | 
               | And this is not to say that Wittgenstein, or philosophy
               | in general, never produced anything of value. But the
               | problem is that to find the value you have to wade
               | through all this horse shit, so it's so much more effort
               | than it needs to be. A stopped clock is right twice a
               | day. That doesn't mean there is any value in consulting
               | it to find out what time it is.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Calling something "manifest nonsense" while not
               | understanding it, or even attempting to understand it,
               | seems like a clear example of "manifest nonsense" to me.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | You apparently failed to note this sibling comment:
               | 
               | > Wittgenstein himself states that the Tractatus is
               | nonsense in its closing pages.
               | 
               | > My propositions are elucidatory in this way: he who
               | understands me finally recognizes them as senseless...
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Senseless and nonsense are not the same thing, and if you
               | had read the book, you'd understand this.
        
               | steppi wrote:
               | Wittgenstein himself states that the Tractatus is
               | nonsense in its closing pages.
               | 
               |  _My propositions are elucidatory in this way: he who
               | understands me finally recognizes them as senseless, when
               | he has climbed out through them, on them, over them. (He
               | must so to speak throw away the ladder, after he has
               | climbed up on it.)_
               | 
               | I think you may agree with the Wittgenstein of the
               | Tractatus more than you realize. My understanding is that
               | his main goal at that time was to show that many of the
               | classic problems of metaphysics which plagued
               | philosophers for centuries or more are literally just
               | nonsense. He didn't write the Tractatus to convince
               | regular people though, but to convince academic
               | philosophers of his time. He earned his fame by being
               | somewhat successful. Rather than making a logical
               | argument for his point, I understand his aim as
               | stimulating his audience to think things out for
               | themselves by offering them carefully crafted nonsense
               | that gave a fresh perspective.
               | 
               | I think you just have no use for the Tractatus because
               | you're not preoccupied with metaphysical questions.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | You do realize you are doing philosophy at this moment,
               | right?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Sure, but this is just a casual conversation. The problem
               | is not with philosophy per se, the problem is with the
               | academic field, which assigns (IMHO) outsized importance
               | to undersized ideas.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | Well, as Kant put it: "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof
               | one must be silent".
        
             | notresidenter wrote:
             | Wittgenstein is not "pooh-pooh-able", not by a long shot.
             | First of all, there are two really different philosophies
             | belonging to Wittgenstein, the younger and the older, and
             | the evolution between the two should be of interest to
             | anyone, as it serves as essentially a cautionary tale about
             | concepts and more generally abstractions, detached from
             | empirical evidence.
             | 
             | His philosophy does provide some interesting perspectives
             | on language, even if I don't personally agree with his way
             | of doing philosophy.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | Science is a type of applied philosophy, because grasping
             | what is knowable by a given set of truths and tools (and
             | what isn't) helps one define the problem.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > Science is a type of applied philosophy
               | 
               | This is typical philosophical nonsense. The word
               | "philosophy" is so vaguely defined that _anything_ can be
               | considered  "a type of applied philosophy". So science
               | may well be "a type of applied philosophy" but that's not
               | what makes science special. What makes science special,
               | the thing that distinguishes it from all other branches
               | of human intellectual endeavor, is that (to quote
               | Feynman) _experiment_ is the ultimate arbiter of truth.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Not truth per se, but scientific truth. For example you
               | can't prove scientifically that your partner loves you :)
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | "I'm going redefine these philosophers as scientists, so
             | that I can ridicule philosophy more easily "
        
             | vehemenz wrote:
             | When you say "actually scientists" and "boundaries of human
             | knowledge," you seem to be taking for granted naive views
             | about metaphysical realism, scientific realism, and truth
             | that are not trivial to defend, even for experienced
             | philosophers.
             | 
             | If you want to relegate philosophy to obfuscation and
             | trivialities, a good starting place would be to demonstrate
             | that you've made it past the undergraduate, foot stomping
             | "science" phase that, honestly, not enough "actual"
             | scientists seem to have made it past, bringing us mystical
             | nonsense such as the many-worlds interpretation of quantum
             | mechanics.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > you seem to be taking for granted naive views about
               | metaphysical realism, scientific realism, and truth that
               | are not trivial to defend, even for experienced
               | philosophers.
               | 
               | No, I'm not taking these things for granted. I am simply
               | making the empirical observation that the scientific
               | method has produced vastly more tangible progress than
               | other methods, and it has produced this progress in areas
               | that were previously believed to be inaccessible to
               | science. Science _works_ in ways that no other method
               | does.
               | 
               | > mystical nonsense such as the many-worlds
               | interpretation of quantum mechanics
               | 
               | It's not mystical nonsense, it's a logical consequence of
               | the mathematics of quantum mechanics. You may find it
               | distasteful, but it's the way the world appears to be.
               | You may not like the idea that clocks in space run faster
               | than clocks on earth, but that is also manifestly how the
               | world behaves.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | > > mystical nonsense such as the many-worlds
               | interpretation of quantum mechanics
               | 
               | > It's not mystical nonsense, it's a logical consequence
               | of the mathematics of quantum mechanics.
               | 
               | It's an _interpretation_ of the mathematics of quantum
               | mechanics. It 's not the only possible interpretation.
               | 
               | > You may find it distasteful, but it's the way the world
               | appears to be.
               | 
               | Yeah? I agree that quantum appears to be the way the
               | world works; show me your _concrete evidence_ for many
               | worlds. You can 't do it.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > show me your concrete evidence for many worlds. You
               | can't do it.
               | 
               | Most people would agree that the sun emits light in all
               | directions, but there is no way to prove it with concrete
               | evidence. The only thing you can prove with concrete
               | evidence is that the sun emits light in the direction of
               | objects in our solar system that we can see. We infer
               | that the sun emits light in all directions because that
               | is the best explanation that accounts for the data that
               | we have.
               | 
               | Many-worlds is the same. We can't demonstrate their
               | existence, we infer it from the current-best explanation
               | that accounts for the data that we have.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | > current-best explanation
               | 
               | Many-worlds is by far _not_ accepted to be the  "current-
               | best explanation".
               | 
               | It's a candidate. It's not clear it's right.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Sorry, I wasn't clear. The current-best explanation is
               | not many worlds, it's the mathematical formalism of QM.
               | Many-worlds is a logical consequence of that.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | Many worlds is _one possible interpretation_ of the
               | logical consequences of that. It 's not nearly as
               | definite or clear-cut as you're making it sound.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | It seems pretty clear cut to me. I've seen no argument
               | against it that doesn't involve some logical fallacy. If
               | you think you know of one please enlighten me.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | My understanding is that the best current interpretation
               | of quantum mechanics is that there is no interpretation
               | and that you just have to do the math.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Yes, that's right. But if you want to assign any meaning
               | to the math, and in particular if you want to adopt an
               | ontology where you exist, then the math leaves you no
               | alternative than to conclude that parallel universes also
               | exist (unless you resort to special pleading like the
               | Copenhagen interpretation).
        
               | shawn-butler wrote:
               | When you look at the actual history of science, this path
               | of "tangible progress" you rely on is shown mostly to be
               | a constructed narrative.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | And yet somehow your computer seems to work.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > It's not mystical nonsense, it's a logical consequence
               | of the mathematics of quantum mechanics.
               | 
               | Aren't the various interpretations of QM all empirically
               | indistinguishable from within the universe, which is why
               | they are interpretations and not, say, hypotheses?
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | It turns out that all of the various interpretations are
               | more or less equivalent, with the exception of the
               | various collapse theories, which are empirically testable
               | and have so far all been falsified.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | >> _mystical nonsense such as the many-worlds
               | interpretation of quantum mechanics_
               | 
               | > _It 's not mystical nonsense, it's a logical
               | consequence of the mathematics of quantum mechanics_
               | 
               | you're both wrong. What the many-worlds interpretation
               | is, is _philosophy_. It 's thinking about what could be
               | that would be explanatory, in the absence of being able
               | to test it; just as atomic theory was philosophy before
               | it was experimentally shown... and it's still philosophy
               | to think about what has actually been shown, since it was
               | not long after it was "shown" that indivisible atoms
               | became divisible into fundamental particles, that they in
               | turn turned out not to be fundamental either.
        
             | abeppu wrote:
             | > There is a tiny minority of philosophers who are actually
             | scientists pushing very hard on the boundaries of human
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | It sounds like you've already started with the assumption
             | that the only way to expand human knowledge is by "science"
             | and the people doing it are "scientists"? Maybe that's an
             | assumption worth investigating. How would you know if that
             | was true? What experiment or empirical observation would
             | one need to conduct to know that the only way to extend
             | human knowledge is by "science"?
             | 
             | I feel like you're trying to do a complement to some
             | philosophers by saying that the good ones are honorary
             | scientists, but perhaps there's more to know than objective
             | truths about our specific material world.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > you've already started with the assumption that the
               | only way to expand human knowledge is by "science"
               | 
               | No. I'm not assuming anything. I am making the _empirical
               | observation_ that the _most effective method_ for
               | expanding human knowledge is science. The people who
               | understand this and consequently put effort into studying
               | science I call scientists, and I don 't intend that to be
               | an honorary title but a genuine show of deep respect.
               | 
               | (And I say this as someone with a Ph.D. in a STEM field.)
               | 
               | > perhaps there's more to know than objective truths
               | about our specific material world
               | 
               | Like what?
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | > I am making the empirical observation that the most
               | effective method for expanding human knowledge is
               | science.
               | 
               | I think you're still basically begging the question here.
               | Is it directly observable whether a belief is
               | "knowledge", such that the efficacy of a method can be
               | known by "empirical observation"? How would one know?
               | 
               | > Like what?
               | 
               | I think ethics are pretty important, but aren't about
               | something that's objectively true in the world. One can
               | know some of the characteristics of preference
               | utilitarianism as an ethical model, for example.
               | 
               | But in this conversation, perhaps the most important gap
               | is epistemology. You feel confident you know what
               | knowledge is and isn't and how one can arrive at it --
               | did you arrive at that understanding by directly
               | observing what is and is not knowledge in an objective
               | external universe? What does it mean to know, or even for
               | a belief to be "justified"?
               | 
               | Since you brought up Kant, and then re-canted (rimshot),
               | Kant had the analytic vs synthetic distinction on
               | propositions, where synthetic propositions are those
               | which depend on how their meaning relates to the world --
               | i.e. can be true or false depending on what's true about
               | the world. Math, logic, etc are analytic truths; we don't
               | validate that e.g. arithmetic works the way we know it
               | does by doing "experiments" and "empirical observations"
               | of operations with large cardinality sets of physical
               | objects.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > Is it directly observable whether a belief is
               | "knowledge", such that the efficacy of a method can be
               | known by "empirical observation"?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | > How would one know?
               | 
               | Just look around you. You have computers, GPS, mRNA
               | vaccines, etc. etc. etc. Those things were not produced
               | by philosophers.
               | 
               | > I think ethics are pretty important,
               | 
               | I agree.
               | 
               | > but aren't about something that's objectively true in
               | the world.
               | 
               | What can I say? You are simply wrong about that. Ethics
               | are instincts produced by evolution. Like all instincts,
               | they exist because they have survival value: genes that
               | build brains with instincts about ethics reproduce better
               | (in certain environmental niches) than genes that don't.
               | Ethics are every bit as amenable to scientific inquiry as
               | any other natural phenomenon.
               | 
               | > we don't validate that e.g. arithmetic works the way we
               | know it does by doing "experiments" and "empirical
               | observations" of operations with large cardinality sets
               | of physical objects
               | 
               | Of course we do, because there are different ways of
               | doing arithmetic. Some of them are better models of the
               | world than others, and so those are the ones that we tend
               | to think of as "the way" of doing arithmetic. But the
               | only thing that makes standard arithmetic special is that
               | it corresponds to the way that (parts of) the world work.
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | > Just look around you. You have computers, GPS, mRNA
               | vaccines, etc. etc. etc. Those things were not produced
               | by philosophers.
               | 
               | You're clearly not getting this. Yes, you can see the
               | products of scientific progress. That's not the same as
               | seeing the absence of knowledge produced by anyone else.
               | And one would expect that truths revealed about the
               | physical world we live in should of _course_ be the ones
               | that give rise to physical artifacts you can point at.
               | 
               | > Ethics are instincts produced by evolution.
               | 
               | ... and yet, our ethical beliefs are not biologically
               | determined, but change as a function of culture, and at
               | least in part through the work of philosophers. Our
               | beliefs about the importance of freedom, equality,
               | fairness (or what those mean) change dramatically over
               | decades, far too quick for genetics to have any
               | contribution to the change.
               | 
               | Re arithmetic, "the integers are closed under addition"
               | is still something one can _know_ without making any
               | observations of the world, even if standard addition were
               | somehow not useful in making predictions about the
               | physical world. Further, by arguing that the _importance_
               | of mathematical knowledge is only its relationship to
               | making predictions about physical reality, you are once
               | again begging the question.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > That's not the same as seeing the absence of knowledge
               | produced by anyone else.
               | 
               | But that's not what you asked, and it's not what I
               | claimed. I didn't say that philosophy is entirely devoid
               | of value, only that a lot of it is.
               | 
               | > our ethical beliefs are not biologically determined
               | 
               | What difference does that make? A lot of your physical
               | characteristics aren't biologically determined. That
               | doesn't put them beyond the reach of scientific inquiry.
               | 
               | > "the integers are closed under addition" is still
               | something one can know without making any observations of
               | the world
               | 
               | Really? How do you know what the word "integer" means
               | without making any observations of the world? How can you
               | even become _aware_ of the _existence_ of the word
               | "integer", let alone what it is that that word denotes,
               | without making any observations of the world?
               | 
               | > Further, by arguing that the importance of mathematical
               | knowledge is only its relationship to making predictions
               | about physical reality, you are once again begging the
               | question.
               | 
               | Am I? What is it that made you decide to write "the
               | integers are closed under addition" if not some
               | prediction on the effect that writing those words rather
               | than some other words (like, say, "pandas are partial to
               | purple parkas") would have on physical reality?
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | > But that's not what you asked, and it's not what I
               | claimed. I didn't say that philosophy is entirely devoid
               | of value, only that a lot of it is.
               | 
               | You claimed you can empirically observe "that the most
               | effective method for expanding human knowledge is
               | science", which I think requires you to observe the
               | efficacy of all methods of expanding human knowledge.
               | 
               | Regarding ethics, empirically gathering what people's
               | ethical opinions are is surveying. This is distinct from
               | knowledge about ethical systems. For example, preference
               | utilitarianism sets the stage for social choice theory,
               | in which theorems tell us about the properties and
               | weaknesses of systems for groups of agents to
               | collectively make choices (Arrow's theorem, Harsanyi's
               | theorem etc).
               | 
               | > Really? How do you know what the word "integer" means
               | without making any observations of the world?
               | 
               | I know the English word "integer" through interaction
               | with the world; this does not mean that true properties
               | of addition are "empirical" truths proceeding from
               | science.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > requires you to observe the efficacy of all methods of
               | expanding human knowledge
               | 
               | I should have hedged with "all _known_ methods ". It's
               | possible that someone might invent a more effective
               | method (but I believe there is actually good reason to
               | believe that this is not possible, but that's a tangent).
               | 
               | > preference utilitarianism sets the stage for social
               | choice theory, in which theorems tell us about the
               | properties and weaknesses of systems for groups of agents
               | to collectively make choices (Arrow's theorem, Harsanyi's
               | theorem etc).
               | 
               | Sure. So?
               | 
               | Arrow's theorem is a great example. It's a _theorem_. It
               | 's _math_. It 's not what is generally done under the
               | rubric of "philosophy".
               | 
               | > this does not mean that true properties of addition are
               | "empirical" truths proceeding from science
               | 
               | Yes it does. What is the "true" value of (say) 11 + 27?
               | It could be 38, but it could also be 1 (mod 12) or 13
               | (mod 24) any of which might be the "true" value depending
               | on the application.
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | > Ethics are instincts produced by evolution.
               | 
               | I would also clarify: We have instincts _about_ ethics.
               | This does not imply that ethics _are_ instincts, any more
               | than having instincts about geometry implies that
               | geometry is instincts or having instincts about physical
               | quantities implies that measure theory is instincts.
        
               | jll29 wrote:
               | > You are simply wrong about that. Ethics are instincts
               | produced by evolution. Like all instincts, they exist
               | because they have survival value
               | 
               | That sounds like a rather cheap version of evolution (and
               | - not wanting to offend you, but in my view you sound
               | rather too convinced that you have figured it all out for
               | your own good).
               | 
               | The way you map moral values on survival smells like
               | Skinner's cheap way to explain language in terms of
               | behavioral stimulus-response pairs: not an adequate
               | explanation. Beware that for every Skinner, there may a
               | Chomsky around the corner to give his views a run for his
               | money.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > That sounds like a rather cheap version of evolution
               | 
               | The format of an HN comment imposes some pretty serious
               | constraints on communicating technical nuance and detail.
               | 
               | > Beware that for every Skinner, there may a Chomsky
               | around the corner to give his views a run for his money.
               | 
               | Sure. Science is not a magic bullet. It can steer you
               | astray. But in the long run it works better than any
               | available alternative methodology.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | _Well,_
               | 
               | The demarcation problem is distinguishing science from
               | non-science.
               | 
               | Karl Popper theorizes that falsifiability is what makes
               | the difference.
               | 
               | But there's nothing falsifiable about that theory! What
               | would you test?
               | 
               | If you accept that there are meaningful theories outside
               | of science, this works out fine. If you don't, you'll
               | struggle to say what science is.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | Definitions are hardly a problem just for science (if
               | they are a problem - science seems to doing OK
               | regardless), and I feel they are particularly difficult
               | for those with a strong commitment to the view that
               | ethics must somehow be grounded in something irrefutably
               | true. In fact, I vaguely suspect that Wittgenstein's
               | later position with respect to the rule-following paradox
               | was that seeking such grounding is a doomed pursuit, and
               | he somewhat famously contended that philosophy was not
               | concerned with problems, only linguistic puzzles.
               | 
               | Perhaps rather paradoxically (at least if you see Popper
               | as a champion of science over philosophy), Popper (who,
               | in addition to his work on the philosophy of science,
               | also wrote "The Open Society and its Enemies") felt that
               | Wittgenstein was utterly wrong to deny that there are
               | real philosophical problems.
               | 
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/#RuleFoll
               | Pri...
               | 
               | https://ditext.com/wordpress/2019/06/26/puzzles-vs-
               | problems-...
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | Thank you, I knew there would be relevant Popper quotes
               | about philosophy being meaningful, and I was trying the
               | keyword "transempirical" without success. I forgot it was
               | the underlying beef in the poker incident. :)
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | We're lucky that science just burst full-formed out of
               | Zeus's forehead then.
               | 
               | Or we might need a philosopher or two to help us invent
               | it.
               | 
               | So, if we all get mind-wiped and have to start over
               | without this gift of the Gods, let's call the man who
               | gets us back on track Francis Bacon, Jr.
               | 
               | Why? _no particular reason_
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | Unfortunately, there are questions that cannot be
               | empirically answered. Some of those questions are
               | important.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | Like what?
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | > But the vast majority of people who self-identify
             | professionally as philosophers, and especially the ones
             | whose names are revered (I'm looking at you, Ludwig
             | Wittgenstein [EDITED])
             | 
             | You could have picked so many good examples, instead you
             | picked a legend of the 20th century. The first half of his
             | career, centered on the Tractatus, even today is regarded
             | as more or less on the right track as relates to how we use
             | language to make the kinds of propositions found in the
             | natural sciences (see modern philosopher A.C. Grayling's
             | intro to his book where he says as much), but is less than
             | a comprehensive view of the totality of meaning that it
             | originally aspired to be.
             | 
             | And if anything, his latter career would be _more_
             | pertinent, not less, as he spent it perhaps as the 20th
             | century 's most powerful advocate for the idea that
             | philosophy spends too much time uselessly bewitching people
             | with language. He was literally an engineering bro
             | frustrated with pointless vagaries, known for flying into
             | rages against what he regarded as frivolous philosophical
             | nonsense. He might be the one guy from the 20th century who
             | would most _agree_ with you about the excesses of pointless
             | language.
        
             | scoofy wrote:
             | Philosophy is the birthplace of sciences, which is why most
             | philosophers are dealing with some kind of metaphysics.
             | Yes, there are some philosophers that continue their work
             | after developing it from a metaphysics into a physics, but
             | that's sort of besides the point. The _point_ of philosophy
             | is to create the framework for empirical research.
             | 
             | That you would deride Wittgenstein on a math/CS forum, when
             | he is _literally the person who thought up the concept of
             | truth tables_ , seems quite egregious.
             | 
             | Yes, Wittgenstein is one of the most frustrating
             | philosophers to read (I know, I took a class on his work),
             | but his impact on the _development_ of computer science, as
             | one of the main people trying to harness the logic of
             | thought /language, seems obvious to me.
        
               | jll29 wrote:
               | Wittgenstein's discussion of what _all_ games have in
               | common (nothing, really) led him to the notion of "family
               | resemblances".
               | 
               | Margaret Masterman, who was Wittgenstein's student in
               | Cambridge, may have passed some of that on to her student
               | Karen Sparck Jones -- later of TFIDF fame (Sparck Jones,
               | 1972; [1]) --, and Karen's Ph.D. was on semantic
               | clustering, which years later were published as a book
               | [2]. Her husband Roger needham published a paper about
               | the notion of a "clump" theory of meaning [3]. So it
               | seems Wittgenstein put some precursor ideas to clustering
               | (linkage?) out in the Cambridge air for others to pick
               | up...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/e
               | b026526...
               | 
               | [2] https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/22908
               | 
               | [3] https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&typ
               | e=pdf&d...
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > Philosophy is the birthplace of sciences
               | 
               | Sure, just as alchemy is the birthplace of chemistry.
               | That doesn't mean we should still be studying alchemy for
               | anything other than its historical significance.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | No, this is an incorrect assessment. You have framed it
               | as _post hoc_ , but the point is that _the philosophy_ is
               | the development of ideas like, say, atomic theory in
               | chemistry, or germ theory in medicine. Theories that
               | define _the framework_ for study.
               | 
               | New sciences happen very infrequently, but they happen,
               | and when they do, they are typically created in
               | philosophy departments. Computer science is the most
               | recent, which came in large part from philosophy
               | departments. Before that was psychology.
               | 
               | Alchemy is exactly a framework-free type of empiricism.
               | The _point_ of philosophy, and philosophy that happens in
               | other sciences, is that we live inside of a model, and we
               | interact with that model, and change the model while we
               | are doing empirical research _using the rules of the
               | model_. This is a type of reflexive framework
               | development, where metaphysical ideas become _obvious_
               | physics as people propose changes to the standard model
               | we use.
               | 
               | This dance between induction and deduction is exactly the
               | field of philosophy.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | Incorrect. Philosophers write about, "organize" and
               | "codify" what people are doing in the trenches from trial
               | and error. To say that the philosophers created the
               | science is like saying that by dressing a man in a suit
               | they have created life.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | I don't understand what you mean.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | Just like we shouldn't study history, because it is in
               | the past?
        
               | GrumpySloth wrote:
               | _> That you would deride Wittgenstein on a math /CS
               | forum, when he is literally the person who thought up the
               | concept of truth tables, seems quite egregious._
               | 
               | That would be Charles Peirce, in the XIXth century, not
               | Wittgenstein.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Also, his philosophical works might be bad even if he had
               | invented truth tables: it's not like the truth table was
               | hard to find the way, e.g., Newtonian mechanics was.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | Peirce, apparently, did develop a equivalent form of
               | truth table earlier, but it would be misunderstand the
               | history of computer science to attribute them to Peirce.
               | Just because someone had the idea first, doesn't mean
               | that work is the source of the idea going forward.
               | 
               | I think it's pretty clear that Wittgenstein's truth
               | tables are those that guided the development of computer
               | science.
               | 
               | >In a manuscript of 1893, in the context of his study of
               | the truth-functional analysis of propositions and proofs
               | and his continuing efforts at defining and understanding
               | the nature of logical inference, and against the
               | background of his mathematical work in matrix theory in
               | algebra, Charles Peirce presented a truth table which
               | displayed in matrix form the definition of his most
               | fundamental connective, that of illation, which is
               | equivalent to the truth-functional definition of material
               | implication. Peirce's matrix is exactly equivalent to
               | that for material implication discovered by Shosky that
               | is attributable to Bertrand Russell and has been dated as
               | originating in 1912. Thus, Peirce's table of 1893 may be
               | considered to be the earliest known instance of a truth
               | table device in the familiar form which is attributable
               | to an identifiable author, and antedates not only the
               | tables of Post, Wittgenstein, and Lukasiewicz of 1920-22,
               | but Russell's table of 1912 and also Peirce's previously
               | identified tables for trivalent logic tracable to 1902.
               | 
               | PDF of Anellis's paper:
               | https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1108/1108.2429.pdf
               | 
               | >But even if that conclusion is challenged, it is now
               | clear that Russell understood and used the truth-table
               | technique and the truth-table device. By 1910, Russell
               | had already demonstrated a well-documented understanding
               | of the truth-table technique in his work on Principia
               | Mathematica. Now, it would seem that by 1912, and surely
               | by 1914, Russell understood, and used, the truth-table
               | device. Of course, the combination of logical conception
               | and logical engineering by Russell in his use of truth
               | tables is the culmination of work by Boole and Frege, who
               | were closely studied by Russell. Wittgenstein and Post
               | still deserve recognition for realizing the value and
               | power of the truth-table device. But Russell also
               | deserves some recognition on this topic, as part of this
               | pantheon of logicians.
               | 
               | >In this paper I have shown that neither the truth-table
               | technique nor the truth-table device was "invented" by
               | Wittgenstein or Post in 1921-22. The truth-table
               | technique may originally be a product of Philo's mind,
               | but it was clearly in use by Boole, Frege, and Whitehead
               | and Russell. The truth-table device is found in use by
               | Wittgenstein in 1912, perhaps with some collaboration
               | from Russell. Russell used the truth-table technique at
               | Harvard in 1914 and in London in 1918. So the truth-table
               | technique and the truth-table device both predate the
               | early 1920s.
               | 
               | PDF of Shosky's relevant paper: https://mulpress.mcmaster
               | .ca/russelljournal/article/download...
        
               | GrumpySloth wrote:
               | I suspected Frege, which is why I went looking for a
               | source, but found Peirce instead. Good catch.
        
             | ngcc_hk wrote:
             | You know w think philosophy is a disease to be cured ...
             | identify himself as philosopher is most shameful word you
             | can say to him. He is anti-philosophy all his life.
             | 
             | Even his early work is about let us do this and done all
             | philosophy so we as the whole humanity no need to do this
             | rubbish anymore, be silence now as all done and for what
             | cannot be said ... he go to teach kids (and quite horrible
             | as a teacher btw).
             | 
             | W as a P ... crazy
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | "tiny minority of philosophers who are actually scientists"
             | 
             | Aren't you just re-categorizing to fit what you want.
             | 
             | "I don't like this field, so I'll cherry pick people I do
             | agree with and re-define them to be in a different group
             | that I'm more comfortable with".
             | 
             | Can't I say the same thing.
             | 
             | "Those Biologist aren't really scientist, they are just
             | writing down observations not following the scientific
             | method".(I've heard this argument on HN before).
             | 
             | Philosophers are the original scientist.
             | 
             | Is every philosopher today pushing boundaries and creating
             | something new? No.
             | 
             | Is every scientist today pushing boundaries and creating
             | something new? Also No.
        
             | xpe wrote:
             | Let's make this testable. Tell me what percentage of
             | technical people, defined however you like, generally view
             | philosophy as a waste of time. (This could even be a
             | thought experiment for now.)
             | 
             | Of these people how many of them come to their conclusion
             | based on careful reasoning? Based on broad knowledge of
             | philosophy?
             | 
             | My prior expectation would be that these numbers are very
             | low. I would expect that people who dismiss philosophy do
             | so from a position of relative ignorance.
             | 
             | This is not blame; the broader context matters: educational
             | curricula, teaching quality, life experience, curiosity,
             | competing interests, etc.
             | 
             | Let's put the shoe on the other foot. How much applied
             | computer science is worth reading? If you put a typical
             | example of it in front of me (the code professionals write
             | for example), I'm probably going think it is a hot mess. It
             | becomes more bearable if I interpret it as a sequence of
             | economically and culturally constrained suboptimal
             | decisions. The same goes for philosophy.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | > I would expect that people who dismiss philosophy do so
               | from a position of relative ignorance.
               | 
               | That's entirely possible. It's even possible that my
               | assessment is based on ignorance. I am certainly not an
               | expert in the philosophical literature, and even more
               | certainly not an expert in it recently. The last time I
               | looked seriously at the philosophical literature at all
               | was decades ago and maybe things have changed. But I _am_
               | an expert in science, and computer science in particular
               | (I have a Ph.D.) and so I can say with some authority
               | that the philosophy literature that I looked at back in
               | the day exhibited a profound ignorance of basic results
               | in CS and math, and also a pretty profound lack of common
               | sense. I found a _lot_ of papers that were tackling non-
               | problems that were based on false assumptions, the moral
               | equivalent of fake proofs that 1=0 where the object of
               | the game is to spot the flaw in the reasoning. And
               | spotting the flaw in the reasoning wasn 't even
               | challenging. It was just obvious.
               | 
               | It also seems to me that a lot of what is nowadays called
               | philosophy is just pretty transparent cover for religious
               | apologetics.
               | 
               | Now, as you say, I could be wrong. I'm not an expert. If
               | I'm wrong, I welcome being enlightened. But if you want
               | to take that on I think you will find that I am not
               | completely clueless. I suggest you start with citing an
               | example other than Dennett or Maudlin of someone you
               | think is doing good work in philosophy nowadays.
        
           | raddan wrote:
           | This is sad. I teach an upper-level undergraduate course on
           | programming language theory, and one major component of the
           | course is reduction proofs. Many students find proof by
           | contradiction (reductio ad absurdum) to be a confusing
           | concept. I have always directed those students toward
           | Dennett's helpful video
           | (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sVUMAqMmy7o) and most of them
           | respond positively to Dennett's lucid style. RIP.
           | 
           | FWIW, I have also seen the dismissive STEM attitude toward
           | the philosophical tradition. It helps to remember that the
           | philosophical tradition predates the scientific tradition
           | significantly, and that it does not take logical positivism
           | or reductionism as givens. Having studied both disciplines, I
           | feel like philosophy has seriously enhanced my understand of
           | the world even if I don't use it in my day-to-day scientific
           | work.
        
             | kijin wrote:
             | I think it depends a lot on which tradition of philosophy
             | one is first exposed to. Most STEM people will find Anglo-
             | American analytic philosophy (where Dennett firmly
             | belonged) much easier to approach than continental
             | philosophy or the classical stuff, but unfortunately casual
             | readers tend to get exposed to a lot more of the latter.
             | 
             | It's like the first programming language you learned. It
             | will shape your perception of what programming is all about
             | for a long time afterward, and might even turn you away
             | from programming altogether. But there are lots of
             | programming languages, and they're just different ways to
             | make the same silicon do something interesting!
        
               | ngcc_hk wrote:
               | In a sense that is a myth. Guess this is based on the
               | idea of silicon and Turing complete.
               | 
               | The silicon argument might be right if we treat it on its
               | own. Input, process and output. But one think of the
               | system where the silicon or multiple of them plus some
               | analogue or biological input and output. It is not the
               | same. The process affect the speed and response ... you
               | can imagine one use lisp, basic or cnn to drive a car ...
               | can you.
               | 
               | The turning complete is not physical as above and real
               | world ish. Hence it sound all true. But people forgot we
               | do not have unlimited memory. Our tur8ng complete is in
               | practice not.
               | 
               | To sum it all may be we kick human out of the loop all
               | silicon and human language might have a chance the same
               | using the same language (but still physical real world
               | above ...)
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | I'm pretty sure I was introduced to the concepts of proof
             | by contradiction and by induction in the final year or two
             | of high school, but that was fifty years ago in England.
             | 
             | Perhaps finding it confusing is a recent development.
        
               | strongbond wrote:
               | Me too, fifty years ago in Wales
        
               | spacechild1 wrote:
               | Me too, 20 years ago in Austria.
        
               | rsktaker wrote:
               | Me too, 3 months ago in California.
        
             | pgspaintbrush wrote:
             | STEM often overlooks the fundamental work that was done in
             | philosophy that led to breakthroughs within STEM. For
             | example, Claude Shannon's undergraduate philosophy course
             | is what taught him boolean algebra, which ultimately led
             | him to design digital circuits.
             | https://bentley.umich.edu/news-events/magazine/the-
             | elegant-p...
        
               | jhbadger wrote:
               | Although formal logicians are quite isolated in
               | philosophy departments -- while their colleagues are
               | debating whether Plato or Kant had a better idea of what
               | it meant to be "good", the logicians are basically doing
               | math with symbols rather than numbers.
        
               | jampekka wrote:
               | Ethics are discussed very little in current philosophy,
               | at least in the analytical tradition. Plato is mostly of
               | historical interest, and of Kant's work it's mostly
               | philosophy of mind, epistemology and metaphysics.
               | 
               | Logicians are somewhat different in studying formal
               | systems, and there are strong links to (foundations of)
               | mathematics. But logics are typically developed and
               | analyze to study some otherwise philosophically motivated
               | questions.
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | That's true, but in a way this is a good thing for CS
               | students. In schools with analytic philosophy
               | departments, you can expect to find a logician there. So
               | every CS student can stop by their philosophy department
               | and meet the logician, and when they do, they'll find
               | someone who they can connect and communicate with in a
               | similar way that they already (by junior or senior year,
               | certainly) do with their math and CS theory instructors.
               | Yes, they're specialized, but they're still guaranteed to
               | be philosophically literate and they can help bridge some
               | really interesting topics for CS students.
               | 
               | And they probably know other people in the department who
               | teach things that might be interesting to a STEM student
               | even if that student hardly knows it yet.
        
               | virissimo wrote:
               | jhbadger: But logicism, the idea that all of math can be
               | reduced to logic, is itself a controversial philosophical
               | thesis!
        
             | jancsika wrote:
             | > It helps to remember that the philosophical tradition
             | predates the scientific tradition significantly, and that
             | it does not take logical positivism or reductionism as
             | givens.
             | 
             | That's an interesting point.
             | 
             | I think there's also a cost to that-- philosophy lugs
             | around a lot of pre-scientific baggage that is poorly
             | specified but historically important. Free will comes to
             | mind, especially within the Christian history of resolving
             | the apparent contradiction of horrific natural/manmade
             | evils existing in the face of an omniscient, omnipotent,
             | and benevolent god.
             | 
             | There are of course other historical contexts to notions of
             | free will. But when philosophers talk about any of these in
             | places where laypeople here them, it seems like those
             | historical contexts are gone and they end up strongly
             | implying a general purpose free will that is neither well-
             | specified or in some cases even coherent.
             | 
             | It would be like a bunch of programmers debating
             | "functions," with one meaning functional programming,
             | another meaning any programming language where functions
             | are a first-class citizen, and yet another meaning the set
             | of all keywords "function" or "FUNCTION" in any programming
             | language in history. That's not going to be a fruitful
             | discussion.
             | 
             | So I'd speculate people in STEM can smell the lack of
             | systematic thinking in some of these discussions and
             | unfortunately throw the baby out with the bathwater.
             | 
             | Edit: clarification
        
               | datadrivenangel wrote:
               | Any competent philosopher will define terms, often
               | spending most of their time defining terms!
               | 
               | It be be tautological, but a lack of systemic thinking
               | makes a discussion bad philosophy, or epistemic bunk as
               | they say in the trade.
        
               | FrustratedMonky wrote:
               | I think his point was that, lets say some philosophers or
               | programmers, are having a detailed discussion. But are
               | overheard by lay-people, maybe mid-argument, without the
               | background, having not heard the definitions, would
               | takeaway a lot of misunderstandings.
               | 
               | Or maybe his point, in a discussion like this on HN, a
               | lot of people are jumping into the conversation in-the-
               | middle, without catching up on the history.
        
             | ngcc_hk wrote:
             | For that example my exposure is shocking when first exposed
             | to this line of argument. Is sq root of 2 is rational?
             | Assume it is ... Never heard of his example. But that is
             | better as it involves no maths.
        
             | xpe wrote:
             | I find philosophy essential even though many philosophers
             | can be painful and/or seemingly irrelevant to read. Still,
             | I think I'm at a point now, where finding intellectual
             | discomfort is preferable to not.
        
           | sampo wrote:
           | > I think a lot of people, especially in STEM, pooh-pooh
           | philosophy at first.
           | 
           | A lot of philosophy ignores biology, sometimes even physics.
           | In topics where biology would be immensely relevant, like
           | with philosophy of mind. Dennett didn't try to ignore
           | biology, he was deeply aware and well read in biology as
           | well.
        
             | cogman10 wrote:
             | This seems like a really weird statement to me.
             | 
             | Most of the philosophy I'm familiar with is concerned with
             | abstract notions and concepts like morality. I'm really
             | having a hard time seeing how biology or physics would
             | inform it one direction or another.
             | 
             | Like, what sort of biology would have made Kant's notions
             | of morality different?
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | Kant used Newtonian assumptions about the time and space,
               | treating them as absolute, and treating them not as
               | properties of physics but necessary preconditions for us
               | being able to experience anything.
               | 
               | Relativity overturned those Newtonian assumptions on
               | which Kant depended, although he might say we
               | nevertheless have to experience time as constant and
               | space in three dimensions, regardless of how those things
               | turn out to "really" work, since that's the only way we
               | can do it.
               | 
               | So it's no longer obvious that time and space are just
               | given absolutely, and due to that, they no longer make
               | for a comfortable starting point for philosophical
               | assumptions. If nature itself is different, then _we_
               | might not even be experiencing it that way in the first
               | place.
               | 
               | More tentatively, I think our advancing understanding of
               | how brains and machines embody concepts, our
               | understanding of the differences of biological creatures
               | combined with new physics, is suggestive at a bare
               | minimum that reality could be experienced differently,
               | and/or that we can understand how we experience these
               | things empirically with better knowledge about brains,
               | instead of asserting that everything is governed at the
               | outset by this or that philosophical assumption.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > Kant used Newtonian assumptions about the time and
               | space, treating them as absolute, and treating them not
               | as properties of physics but necessary preconditions for
               | us being able to experience anything.
               | 
               | Ok... this is non sequitur. It really doesn't matter that
               | time moves at different speeds for any of Kant's
               | philosophical positions. 2 people could be traveling at
               | 0.5c and 0.00000001c and that makes no difference in Kant
               | morals on how they should behave.
               | 
               | And, practically speaking, unless there's a drastic
               | development in propulsion the only bearing relativity has
               | on day to day life is making sure the GPS works
               | correctly. It is, otherwise, completely non-impactful to
               | anyone beyond astrophysicists.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | >no difference in Kant morals on how they should behave.
               | 
               | This wasn't about Kant's morals. This was about the idea
               | that Newtonian conceptions of space and time familiar to
               | Kant were necessary preconditions to experience.
        
               | mcguire wrote:
               | " _Relativity overturned those Newtonian assumptions on
               | which Kant depended, although he might say we
               | nevertheless have to experience time as constant and
               | space in three dimensions, regardless of how those things
               | turn out to "really" work, since that's the only way we
               | can do it._"
               | 
               | I think you are more wrong than right here. My
               | understanding (informed by Onora O'neill, Dan Bonevac,
               | and various Stanford Encyclopedia entries :-)) is that
               | Kant does not specifically depend on Newtonian
               | assumptions but that human perceptions _have to be
               | mediated_ by time and space. Instead of overturning Kant,
               | relativity and QM put _even more distance_ between what
               | we, as mortal, physical beings, can perceive versus
               | whatever is really going on in the world.
               | 
               | Kant's project was to discover, given all of that, what
               | anyone can say about things like ethics. He even goes so
               | far to say that what he is trying to do is universal and
               | he would like it to apply to other forms of intelligent
               | beings.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | > is that Kant does not specifically depend on Newtonian
               | assumptions but that human perceptions have to be
               | mediated by time and space
               | 
               | I understand the point about mediation, and I tried to
               | speak to it directly in the portion you quoted. You are
               | exactly right about the way Kant uses that in his
               | argument. It's flexible enough that it can be understood
               | as resilient, I think.
               | 
               | I tried show how science can nevertheless speak to it in
               | several ways. One is the convenient equivalence between
               | Kant's necessary conditions and nature as we understood
               | it at the time. That equivalence makes it easier to be
               | comfortable positing time and space _as we understand
               | them_ as necessary conditions that are prior to nature.
               | It would be harder (but not impossible!) to entertain if
               | there was daylight between what we believed our faculties
               | to be and what we believed the natural world to be, if
               | what was  "necessary" was something different than what
               | we thought we experienced (such as, say, a singular loaf
               | of unified spacetime). An implication of Kant's view, as
               | I understood him, was that we should be ready to believe
               | it's different anyway, but nevertheless, it's easier to
               | swallow when it perfectly aligns with how we thing the
               | world really is.
               | 
               | Second, for a different way of stating a similar point,
               | if time and space are non-newtonian in some important
               | way, we may have to understand that _that_ is what we
               | experience in the first instance, and we would have to
               | wrestle with the fact that our intuitions may attest to a
               | variety of possible underlying necessary conditions.
               | (Wittgenstein has been mentioned in this thread, so for a
               | paraphrase of something he supposedly said, in reply to a
               | student noting that it looks like the sun goes around the
               | earth:  "What would it look like if the earth went around
               | the sun?" So it may be with the nature of our faculties.)
               | 
               | Third, as we gain deeper understanding of brain functions
               | of ourselves and other creatures, we may have inroads to
               | how certain of our conscious experiences depend on
               | conceptual abstractions or models. And if so, it
               | transforms it into an open empirical question rather than
               | one where we are simply stuck presuming necessary
               | conditions. Kant might insist that that is all already
               | through the lense of our faculties such as they are, but
               | we, with more information, would be increasingly
               | comfortable just not entertaining them as we get
               | increasingly robust empirical understandings of conscious
               | experience.
               | 
               | None of these is a "defeater" argument by itself and
               | there's a lot that can be talked about here of course,
               | but I think given 21st century science, if Kant were
               | trying to present his vision for the first time we might
               | find it more challenging to reconcile with what we know
               | of the natural world.
        
               | dontupvoteme wrote:
               | >Relativity overturned those Newtonian assumptions
               | 
               | Only in *very* specific situations which are extremely
               | extremely extremely unrelated and WELL out of both
               | practical and theoretical bound to the human perception
               | of reality.
               | 
               | Relativity is kind of the trivia of physics, it really
               | has not informed much technology apart from a few things
               | in space - compare this to, say, quantum electrodynamics
               | which tells us why weird stuff happens in things we've
               | made quadrillions of (not to mention quantum computing,
               | etc.)
               | 
               | The only time we would have ever brushed up against it
               | naturally _might_ have been when we put clocks into space
               | so that we could better send nukes into other parts of
               | the globe.
        
               | xpe wrote:
               | Relativity did overturn the previous assumptions! It
               | converted what were assumptions into the consequences of
               | another theory.
        
               | sampo wrote:
               | "Morality and Evolutionary Biology" in
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/morality-biology/
        
           | scoofy wrote:
           | This honestly makes sense to me. Philosophy basically teaches
           | you how to think about things really well. When talking about
           | STEM folks, however, you're already dealing with _extremely
           | analytical_ people, but to them, analytical thinking is just
           | intuitive.
           | 
           | Spending a bunch of time figuring out why something that
           | seems obvious _is_ obvious probably seems like a waste of
           | time to a lot of people, but it can certainly help in the
           | long run. We can 't see our own blindspots, so even if
           | something seems obvious, I think it's useful to understand
           | it.
        
           | rvense wrote:
           | The amusing thing is that these quick dismissals of
           | philosophy are all instances of philosophical thought.
           | Usually neither good, nor consistent, nor original thought,
           | but nevertheless.
        
           | omginternets wrote:
           | One of the most delicious ironies in life is to ask these
           | people why they think philosophy is poo-poo, and then revel
           | in the fact that their answer is exactly philosophical in
           | nature.
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | That mindset frustrated me a lot in university. My school
           | required a pretty broad survey of academia, with a class each
           | in lower and upper division math, science, history,
           | philosophy, and theology to graduate, and there were a lot of
           | students (especially, for whatever reason, engineers) who
           | _hated_ it.
           | 
           | To a t, these people were dullards. They rarely had deep
           | knowledge about anything, most of the time not even about the
           | field they professed such dedication to. The entire point of
           | an undergraduate education is to establish a foundation of
           | baseline knowledge to allow you to contextualize new
           | information, and if you don't engage with it, there's not a
           | lot of opportunities to make up for it later.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | That's because the majority of Philosophy courses are History
           | of Philosophy courses whereas other logic-oriented fields
           | occupy less time on "History of". While top departments like
           | Princeton still focus on the quality of the arguments, they
           | do devote entire course lengths to readings of ancient
           | philosophers which are less elucidative about logic and
           | reasoning than they are about the History of Philosophy.
           | 
           | In comparison, the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg is a bare
           | introduction in Graph Theory and Hamilton carving
           | quarternions into Broom Bridge is an amusing aside before you
           | get to the meat of the subject. A lecturer might amuse you
           | with Kekule's dream before telling you about a Benzene ring
           | but the ring is the thing, not the dream.
           | 
           | Philosophy is a field with time-translation symmetry but is
           | taught akin to fields without (e.g. Literature, History,
           | Sociology). Fields without TTS need you to build up from the
           | replay log. But fields with TTS can do something far better:
           | they can distill "truths" into snapshots. Consequently, as a
           | child I read about Galois Theory without reading _Analyse
           | d'un Memoire sur la resolution algebrique des equations_ or a
           | translation thereof.
           | 
           |  _Conjectures and Refutations_ shows how to accelerate
           | through a replay log, indexing at key-frames so that we don
           | 't need to play every frame to get to the conclusions we're
           | searching for. Good field. Bad practice.
        
           | CuriouslyC wrote:
           | Having done a deep dive in philosophy at one point, the vast
           | majority of it is ego stroking half-nonsense designed to be
           | maximally unintelligible, because academics tolerate
           | ridiculous amounts of jargon and equate hard to understand
           | with meaningful or important. People like Robert Nozick,
           | Thomas Nagel, John Searle and David Chalmers are by far the
           | exception rather than the rule.
        
             | SJC_Hacker wrote:
             | The philosophers that did STEM seem to be the good ones.
             | 
             | Its the artsy types that only read Sartre and Heidigger an
             | Derrida, and never got their hands dirty by working in a
             | lab, doing sufficiently higher level math, engineered and
             | built modern tech are the annoying ones.
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | Philosophy, like every field, follows Sturgeon's law: 90% of
           | it is crap.
        
         | swatcoder wrote:
         | I was on the opposite side of that when I was young and first
         | read his work. I eagerly read piles and piles of philosophy and
         | quickly shelved any interest in him and his work as building on
         | completely unconvincing premises.
         | 
         | But many many years later, there's been a lot of churn in whose
         | work I value and whose I don't. I wouldn't be surprised if I
         | see his work in a very different light now. This news may be
         | what gets me yo pick it up again and find out.
        
           | sameoldtune wrote:
           | I enjoyed him mostly for his crusade against philosophy
           | purporting that the mind has something other than a physical
           | basis. Modern day philosophers that want to resurrect the
           | "mind body problem" and panpsychism and the "hard problem of
           | consciousness".
           | 
           | He consistently argues that studying consciousness and
           | perception is difficult but not impossible, and we will
           | slowly make progress in this scientific endeavor just like
           | all others we have attempted thus far. In philosophy circles
           | he is sometimes derided as having too scientific a mindset,
           | but that is what draws me to him. He's very endearing to
           | listen to as well--very idiosyncratic.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | The hard problem hasn't died so it doesn't need
             | resurrecting. (Unless you redefine the hard problem into an
             | easy one that is :))
        
               | naasking wrote:
               | It is slowly dying, just like vitalism before it.
        
         | aragonite wrote:
         | Dennett himself (like his teacher Quine) is very deflationary
         | about the kind of philosophy practiced by most of his
         | colleagues. See e.g. his "Higher-order truths about chmess"
         | (https://sci-hub.ru/10.1007/s11245-006-0005-2):
         | 
         | > Some philosophical research projects ... are rather like
         | working out the truths of chess. A set of mutually agreed upon
         | rules are presupposed -- and seldom discussed -- and the
         | implications of those rules are worked out, articulated,
         | debated, refined. So far, so good. Chess is a deep and
         | important human artifact, about which much of value has been
         | written. But some philosophical research projects are more like
         | working out the truths of chmess. Chmess is just like chess
         | except that the king can move two squares in any direction, not
         | one. I just invented it -- though no doubt others have explored
         | it in depth to see if it is worth playing. Probably it isn't.
         | It probably has other names. I didn't bother investigating
         | these questions because although they have true answers, they
         | just aren't worth my time and energy to discover. Or so I
         | think. There are just as many a priori truths of chmess as
         | there are of chess (an infinity), and they are just as hard to
         | discover...
        
           | gavmor wrote:
           | > I just invented it -- though no doubt others have explored
           | it in depth to see if it is worth playing. Probably it isn't.
           | It probably has other names.
           | 
           | Ah, I believe this is the same "mess we're in" from Joe
           | Armstrong's eponymous 2014 Strange Loop conference talk[0]:
           | 
           | > This is a device that we can imagine. I try to find a big
           | sausage machine where you put sausage meat, you know, you
           | turn the handle. So we put all programs into it, and we turn
           | the handle, and a smaller number of programs come out. Then
           | we can throw away all the other programs. And that breaks the
           | second law of thermodynamics. The trouble with software, you
           | see, its complexity increases with time. We start with one
           | program, and it splits and becomes two programs and four
           | programs.
           | 
           | > Files and systems, they mutate all the time. They grow in
           | entropy. Disks are absolutely huge. And there's all these
           | problems with naming. Naming's horrible. If you've got a file
           | or something, what file name should it be? What does it have?
           | What directory should I put it in? Can I find it later?
           | 
           | (68% match)
           | 
           | > When you have an idea, you have a little box and you type
           | something into the box. I've done this, I've implemented it.
           | You have a little box and then there's a little icon,
           | Sherlock Holmes at the bottom. You type this stuff into the
           | box and you press the Sherlock Holmes button. And the idea is
           | that will find among all my files that I'm interested in, the
           | most similar thing to what I've just put in this box. So I
           | want it to find the most similar thing to this new thing. And
           | then I want to know, is it different? So once it's found
           | them, it makes a list of them in order.
           | 
           | (64% match)
           | 
           | Edit: Just had the revelation that I am posting these quotes
           | straight out of a RAG on the transcript of his talk.
           | 
           | 0. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKXe3HUG2l4
        
           | xanderlewis wrote:
           | > just as many a priori truths of chmess as there are of
           | chess (an infinity)
           | 
           | I guess Mr Dennett never came across the ideas of Mr Cantor.
           | 
           | [Yes, yes... I know they're both countable.]
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | A useful rule of thumb for evaluating a field you're not
         | familiar with is 'Sturgeon's law'. Sturgeon's law is a
         | refutation of claims of the form "don't bother looking at that
         | because 90% of it is crap". The law states that 90% of
         | _everything_ is crap, and hence such claims prove too much.
        
       | dotsam wrote:
       | Sad news. I aspire to be as intellectually acute in old age as
       | Dennett was. His recent autobiography was engaging, although
       | somewhat too indulgent at times. I admire how he created a life
       | and a world-view that worked so well for him.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | What do you mean old age? He died at the same age that our
         | (most likely) President will be next year.
        
       | dustfinger wrote:
       | Consciousness Explained [1] absolutely filled me with wonder
       | during my university days.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.amazon.ca/Consciousness-Explained-Daniel-C-
       | Denne...
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | Incredibly sad news. I don't have much to add but to share some
       | of my favorite work by him, one is an essay exploring Jaynes idea
       | of the Bicameral Mind, and another is a talk he gave on Ontology
       | and Philosophy of Science. Always admired his ability to bridge
       | disciplines and look at ideas from a slightly unorthodox angle.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nx5OZ1AZ5Vk
       | 
       | https://www.julianjaynes.org/pdf/dennett_jaynes-software-arc...
        
         | ggpsv wrote:
         | Oh, I did not know about this essay! Thank you for sharing.
         | 
         | To others reading this, this short essay [0] by Julian Jaynes
         | is a good introduction to his idea of the Bicameral Mind. He
         | later developed the idea further in his book "The Origin of
         | Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind". If
         | you've watched the series "Westworld", how the androids begin
         | to develop something akin to consciousness is inspired by
         | Jaynes' ideas.
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://www.julianjaynes.org/resources/articles/consciousnes...
        
         | johngossman wrote:
         | Thank you! Great essay.
        
       | superb-owl wrote:
       | Unlike most of you, I strongly disliked Dennett's philosophy. But
       | he seemed like a wonderful human, and he always made me think.
        
         | atentaten wrote:
         | What do you dislike about it?
        
           | foldr wrote:
           | Dennett and Fodor had a lot of amusing (though sometimes
           | rather bitter) exchanges. Here's a review by Fodor that gives
           | a critical perspective on some of Dennett's work:
           | https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v25/n05/jerry-fodor/why-
           | woul...
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | I found Dennett's responses to Fodor to be spot on. I think
             | Fodor simply could not grasp what Dennett was actually
             | talking about--and Fodor was not the only one.
        
               | foldr wrote:
               | Dennett's response concedes all of Fodor's main points
               | and proceeds via innuendo and ad hominem. But there you
               | have it. Dennett was important and influential, and is
               | worth reading, but his appeal as a philosopher has always
               | been a mystery to me.
        
               | pdonis wrote:
               | _> Dennett 's response concedes all of Fodor's main
               | points and proceeds via innuendo and ad hominem_
               | 
               | I strongly disagree, but I doubt we'll resolve that here.
               | 
               |  _> his appeal as a philosopher has always been a mystery
               | to me._
               | 
               | Not to me, but again, we won't resolve that here. We
               | agree that he was important and influential, and that's
               | what matters for this discussion in his memory.
        
               | bschmidt1 wrote:
               | Dennett is a mainstream eliminitavist, his appeal is that
               | he removes extra fluff around philosophical concepts like
               | consciousness and the brain. In a world where half the
               | consciousness gurus are talking about unproven quantum
               | stuff, souls, ghosts, aliens, gods, we need a Dennett to
               | keep us grounded in reality as we ponder these mysteries
               | that nobody knows the answers to.
               | 
               | His only weakness was occasionally indulging in
               | speculation himself (like his Multiple Drafts) - he was
               | better at eliminating speculation rather than offering
               | it, regarding consciousness at least.
               | 
               | I highly recommend his talks on Closer To Truth (on
               | YouTube) and all those videos actually.
        
               | dudinax wrote:
               | Dennett wasn't particularly good at speculating, but then
               | almost nobody is.
        
       | Simplicitas wrote:
       | A philosopher who appreciated engineering. RIP Daniel Dennett.
        
       | dsubburam wrote:
       | I liked the debate he had with Sapolsky, where he explained why
       | free will is compatible with determinism (arguments that were new
       | to me), and that Sapolsky's book ("Determined") did not grapple
       | with those arguments.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYzFH8xqhns&t=2273s
        
         | johngossman wrote:
         | I just watched this recently and thought "he looks old." But he
         | was as sharp as ever. I hope my brain still works right up to
         | the end
        
       | spmurrayzzz wrote:
       | Breaking the Spell is a book I still recommend to friends today.
       | Sad to hear.
        
       | mamonster wrote:
       | Whilst he is probably the most respectable member of the "Four
       | Horsemen"(Hitchens is probably the most revered but his early
       | death seems to have given him a halo, a lot of his arguments
       | would not stand up today), New Atheism will end up IMO as
       | something that is seen very negatively by posterity(very little
       | of it stands up today as anything more than fedora tipping).
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | Whether you like his theories and positions or not, he was a
       | great philosopher, an influential thinker, and an interesting
       | character.
       | 
       | NY Times interview with him:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/27/magazine/dani...
       | 
       | NYer profile:
       | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/03/27/daniel-dennett...
       | 
       | Interesting thread on /r/askphilosophy on philosophers' pushback
       | against him:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/2cs8kz/do_ma...
       | 
       | Big loss indeed, RIP.
        
         | Fripplebubby wrote:
         | For anyone who enjoyed the titles of those links but found that
         | there was just, _something_ in the way of really digging into
         | them, try:
         | 
         | NY Times interview with him: https://archive.ph/knd9C
         | 
         | NYer Profile: https://archive.ph/Snm8g
        
       | Mesopropithecus wrote:
       | RIP. When I wasn't sure what to make of Goedel, Escher, Bach, his
       | writings tipped the scale. Thanks!
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | So sad. I was on the team that brought him to Google, and my task
       | was to get his signature on the video release form. Here's the
       | talk:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Q_mY54hjM0
       | 
       | I told him that his book _Darwin 's Dangerous Idea_ was one of
       | the few where, when I got to the end, I immediately wanted to go
       | back to the beginning and read it again.
       | 
       | He said, "I'm not sure that's a good thing."
        
         | greentxt wrote:
         | He was nothing if not honest. Truly the best of the New
         | Athiests and deserving of almost Rorty-esque fandom.
        
         | dwh452 wrote:
         | Very sad for me, he was one of my favorite thinkers and his
         | books were the few that made me feel smarter after having read
         | them. His thinking tools remain a great aid to my thinking. The
         | reason for this post though, is to mention that Darwin also
         | died on April 19th.
        
         | eternauta3k wrote:
         | Could you explain his answer?
        
           | n4r9 wrote:
           | My guess: Dennett took it to mean that his exposition wasn't
           | clear enough to the layman first time round and was
           | disappointed by this.
           | 
           | C.f. the famous quote attributed to Einstein "If you can't
           | explain it to a six-year-old, you don't understand it
           | yourself.". (Does anyone know if he actually said anything
           | like that?)
        
             | datascienced wrote:
             | Could also mean it ended up for this reader as being
             | entertainment. Wanting to read again because it is joyful.
             | 
             | In terms of learning I can't read a book and remember it
             | all. I would need to apply it.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | That's what I meant: there was so much to think about
               | that I'd gain a whole lot by reading it again.
               | 
               | What _he_ meant: well, he 's dead now, isn't he?
        
       | pdonis wrote:
       | I first came across Daniel Dennett through Douglas Hofstadter,
       | when I read The Mind's I because I liked Godel, Escher, Bach.
       | Once I had read Dennett's contributions to The Mind's I, I
       | started looking up everything I could find of his writings; I
       | think at this point I've read every one of his books and a fair
       | number of his papers. He will be missed. RIP.
        
       | hobbescotch wrote:
       | Very sad news. Had the pleasure of having him be the keynote
       | speaker at an aesthetics conference some friends and I organized
       | during uni. Brilliant mind. RIP
        
       | tum92 wrote:
       | Had the pleasure of taking a course of his in undergrad as a
       | newly decided philosophy major. The material was excellent and
       | right up my alley, but more than anything I was stunned by how
       | fluidly and clearly he communicated. Huge loss
        
         | tony_cannistra wrote:
         | I had the same experience, except I was definitely not a Phil
         | major. He had a "class for every major" where we read chapters
         | of the book he was writing (Toolkit for Thinking) and basically
         | gave him feedback. It was an amazing strategy for him to get
         | reviews on his book that way from totally non-Phil folks. And
         | my name is in the book!
        
         | Fripplebubby wrote:
         | Great teacher, great writer. I took one of his undergrad
         | classes, and one day I went in to his office hours to chat - I
         | still remember how relieved he was that I wasn't there to try
         | to debate with him about God, that I wanted to talk about
         | something else! I think that happened to him quite a lot due to
         | his reputation.
        
       | nathan_compton wrote:
       | Good to finally have the question of whether he is conscious or
       | not definitely resolved.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Can't say I met or knew him, but his essays in "The Mind's I" and
       | "Brainstorms" are what got me to pursue tech as a teenager in the
       | early 90s. Along with Hofstader, his ideas were foundational to
       | hacker culture. What a time to go, where there has been a kind of
       | cog.sci winter for the last 20 years, but the last year of LLMs
       | has forced philosophy of mind back into the public consciousness.
       | Though largely today under the guise of "AI Safety" and
       | "alignment," Dennet's articulations form the tools we're going to
       | be using to reason about ethics as they relate to these things we
       | think of as minds - and regarding how we relate to these things
       | that increasingly resemble other minds. Without too much
       | lionizing (even though he has, however, just died), it would be
       | hard to say that new ideas in philosophy as a whole have had more
       | impact in a lifetime or more than that.
       | 
       | A lot of very clever people disagreed strongly with him. However,
       | since not one of them could deny they were shaped by the forces
       | they opposed, those controversies became the shape of his own
       | huge and formidable influence. I'm sure he would want to be
       | remembered for something else, and I have the sense
       | sentimentality was not his thing at all, but his popularization
       | the term "deepity," was in the character of many of his ideas,
       | where once you had been exposed to one, it yielded a perspective
       | you could afterwards not unsee.
       | 
       | I hope an afterlife may provide some of the surprise and delight
       | he brought to so many in this one.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | I'm afraid an afterlife would not leave Dennett in good humor.
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | I think it would.
           | 
           | Even if he was wrong about it, it's important to air the
           | thinking around it regardless of belief.
           | 
           | The proposition, for example, that consciousness is basically
           | an illusion without empirical basis, one would have to take
           | up as belief, I guess (paradoxically), since to most of us,
           | that would seem like gaslighting (i.e., "if your conclusion
           | is that Descartes was wrong and that we can't even know we
           | are conscious, then I beg to differ")
        
           | arduanika wrote:
           | I'm guessing that was GP's joke.
           | 
           | Similar to Vonnegut's joke at a memorial service for Asimov
           | at the American Humanist Society: "Isaac is up in Heaven
           | now".
           | 
           | It's amusing that when I searched for the exact quote just
           | now, I found this HN comment from 2011, on the "in memoriam"
           | thread for Dennett's fellow horseman:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3360710
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | Whether Dennett was right or wrong about a deity, he's
             | meeting his maker ;-)
        
           | undershirt wrote:
           | God forgive us. May his memory be eternal.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | > _Along with Hofstadter, his ideas were foundational to hacker
         | culture._
         | 
         | Dennett was an influential thinker, probably more so than
         | Hofstadter overall, but I can't agree with this assessment. For
         | one thing, he became widely known after _Consciousness
         | Explained_ , in 1992, which is simply too late to be
         | foundational to hacker culture, which was well and truly
         | founded by then.
         | 
         | I won't broaden my case here, lest anything I say be
         | interpreted as speaking ill of the dead. I'm certain he was a
         | major influence for many who post here, yourself included, and
         | I don't intend to detract from that.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | Maybe _you_ discovered Dennett after 1992, but he was a well-
           | known and widely published philosopher long before.
           | 
           | "Elbow Room: the varieties of free will worth wanting" was a
           | landmark work and was published in 1984.
           | 
           | "The Minds I" (w/Hofstadter) was, relatively speaking, a
           | hugely popular work published in 1981.
           | 
           | In 1993, the cover of "Dennett and his critics" began
           | 
           | > Daniel Dennett is arguably one of the most influential yet
           | radical philosophers in America today.
           | 
           | Doesn't sound much like someone who "became widely known"
           | after a book published in 1992.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | You both have a point. Hacker culture was well established
             | by the 70s, so still a decade before Dennett's earlier
             | works.
             | 
             | I do think its true that some of his work has resonated
             | with many people who _also_ resonate with  "hacker
             | culture".
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Hacker culture was _not_ well established by the 70s,
               | simply because so few people worked with computers in
               | that decade. You can certainly trace its roots back to at
               | least 1970, but it really did not become established
               | then.
               | 
               | What most people identify as "hacker culture" today arose
               | in tandem with (a) relatively affordable "personal"
               | computers (b) modem-based communication.
               | 
               | The rise of these two things is more or less entirely
               | cotemporal with the most productive phase of Dennett's
               | career.
        
         | Optimal_Persona wrote:
         | What do you mean by "cog.sci winter of the last 20 years"?
         | 
         | The research of Dr. Bruce Perry, Bessel van der Kolk and others
         | into the effects of trauma on brain development, behavior and
         | social functioning has had a profound impact on the
         | understanding of cognition, the mind-body continuum, and the
         | treatment of human suffering in this time frame.
         | 
         | https://earlylearningnation.com/2023/02/author-bruce-perry-a...
        
           | stevofolife wrote:
           | I think what he means is that many of the seminal work
           | related to cognitive science were produced back then. For
           | example, Chomsky, Minsky, John Searle, David Chalmers and
           | many more.
           | 
           | Things still move during winter, just not as much.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | Beautifully said, honestly brought me some solace. Echoing your
         | endorsement of _Brainstorms_ -- I expect /hope this will be his
         | enduring legacy!
         | 
         | Death touches us all, but I totally agree, it especially hurts
         | me to see these AI pioneers passing away right when so many
         | groundbreaking cognitive science discoveries are being made.
         | _Especially_ in the cases of Dennett's "opposition" like Lenat
         | (and soon Chomsky...) where they die appearing "disproven" or
         | "outmoded" by LLMs in the eyes of Silicon Valley celebrities
         | like Hinton and Friedman. Oh well, I'm sure their time on their
         | earth has prepared them for a little bit of criticism and
         | uncertainty, a-la Schopenhauer's "Only with time, however, will
         | the period of my real influence begin, and I trust that it will
         | be a long one."
         | 
         | Luckily, Dennett is under no such cloud, and he died more or
         | less a hero in my eyes; certainly among the most influential
         | Connectionist philosophers (+ Dreyfus & Clark?), who seemed
         | very helpful in re-legitimizing ML. I, for one, don't think it
         | would be odd to see philosophers like Dennett and Hofstadter in
         | a Turing Award announcement someday...
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | AI safety is moralism of the boring kind, not even some new
         | moral philosophy. AFAIK Dennett did not hold strong moral
         | positions , let alone moralist, so i feel he was orthogonal to
         | it
        
           | xpe wrote:
           | What moralism is interesting to you?
        
       | rthrfrd wrote:
       | Very sad to hear. We'll certainly miss having his perspective to
       | ground us in this era of AI hyperbole, as thousands of engineers
       | start confronting the ambiguities of consciousness with
       | incongruent mental frameworks.
        
       | pixelmonkey wrote:
       | Looks like dailynous.com server is having trouble responding
       | (likely due to HN). But a cached copy of the page is here:
       | 
       | http://archive.today/kHPfz
       | 
       | Daniel Dennett was an important philosopher of mind, whose
       | Wikipedia page is here:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Dennett
       | 
       | When I studied philosophy in college (2002-2006), his ideas were
       | among the most discussed and debated at NYU's philosophy
       | department. I always enjoyed his thoughts and writings, even if I
       | often didn't agree with them. RIP.
        
       | pbsladek wrote:
       | Love his work. Sad to see him go.
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | In 2022, a GPT-3 model fine-tuned on Dennett's writing was good
       | enough that "Dennett experts" could only pick a real Dennett
       | quote from a list of 5 quotes about 50% of the time. I don't know
       | that anyone's tried on newer models. He's gone, but I wonder if
       | we could continue to get insights from him for a while longer.
       | 
       | https://schwitzsplinters.blogspot.com/2022/07/results-comput...
        
         | bschmidt1 wrote:
         | > I wonder if we could continue to get insights from him
         | 
         | I think so. His views were somewhat rigid and materialist. As a
         | de-fluffer, he's great, and I'm sure he will continue to be
         | quoted especially as we make progress on AI and get into the
         | nuts and bolts of consciousness. In particular which things are
         | extraneous or peripheral to the problem itself.
        
       | goodgoblin wrote:
       | I was unpacking and yesterday from a move and saw a copy of his
       | "Darwin's Dangerous Idea" book and remembered he time he answered
       | a fan email I sent to him with the simple reply "It's always nice
       | to receive an email such as yours." - here's to hoping you are
       | wrong about the soul Dan!
        
       | raoof wrote:
       | consciousness is like a joke, if you think it needs an
       | explanation you already miss it. I struggled with myself to
       | convince Dennett that his conscious so much that I ended up
       | losing it myself I hope you don't make the same mistake that I
       | did
        
       | scoofy wrote:
       | My background is in Analytic Philosophy, so I'm fairly familiar
       | with Dennett. His rise to prominence during the early 2000's
       | seemed appropriate given the huge shift in American religious
       | belief. Though, I still certainly understand that folks can be
       | exasperated by that movement, I just don't think that you can
       | experience a 30% drop in religious affiliation, in a single
       | generation, without annoying people.[1]
       | 
       | I read his book _Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural
       | Phenomenon_ , which I found really interesting in that I'd never
       | thought about religion as a concept being an evolutionary
       | adaptive (or "hijacking") feature. I found it fascinating, though
       | not profound. That said, I think some of the best philosophical
       | work is just that. Really insightful ideas that make perfect
       | sense once you think about them, you just probably wouldn't take
       | the time to think about them.
       | 
       | 1. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/09/13/how-u-s-
       | reli...
        
       | carlinm wrote:
       | Sad to hear this. I had read his book "Elbow Room" back when I
       | had been diving more deeply into free will and the various
       | viewpoints associated. I don't know that I found it convincing
       | but it was an interesting peek into the compatibilist argument.
        
       | pknerd wrote:
       | I am sorry that I did not know about him but mentioning of
       | "Consciousness" in the linked article made me to google about his
       | books. One of the book is "Consciousness Explained", I wonder
       | whether it is for layman like me who do not know much about it?
        
         | johngossman wrote:
         | I would say it is. As usual, need to be aware that his
         | conclusions are controversial. But the whole area is
        
         | mkehrt wrote:
         | It's extremely oriented towards laymen, and if you think it
         | sounds interesting, you will probably enjoy it a lot. (Even if
         | you don't agree with its conclusions)
        
         | codeulike wrote:
         | Its a great book, you might not agree that it 'explains'
         | consciousness but it will give you a lot of new ways to think
         | about it and it references a lot of interesting research.
        
       | nonrandomstring wrote:
       | Sad news. I loved "Minds I". After that he was always quantum
       | entangled with Douglas Hofstadter for me. RIP a cool and fun
       | philosopher, Mr. Dennett.
        
       | mihaitodor wrote:
       | Really terrible news... So glad I got to meet him in person in
       | Dublin in 2018 when he gave a talk at
       | https://www.tcd.ie/biosciences/whatislife and hung out for a chat
       | in the lobby. He had this wonderful Gandalf-worthy cane that I'm
       | not sure how he managed to manoeuvre when boarding airplanes.
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I was one of those irritating edgy atheist teenagers (and am
       | still kind of an irritating edgy atheist adult), so I used to
       | have plenty of Daniel Dennett quotes in my back pocket when
       | arguing with people online.
       | 
       | He will be missed by me.
        
       | alex201 wrote:
       | I've never quite seen eye to eye with Daniel Dennett. His
       | tendency to reduce the inexplicable to what he's confident he
       | understands has always made me wonder if a challenging childhood
       | might have fostered his distrust of the mysterious. Whenever I
       | admire Nobel Prize laureates like Roger Penrose, who argue that
       | consciousness isn't just software running on the brain's
       | hardware, I can't help but feel a twinge of pity for Dennett and
       | his like-minded peers. I can almost hear him reflecting, 'Wow,
       | that was a wild ride, but boy, was I cranky! I wish I could have
       | another go at it.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | > made me wonder if a challenging childhood might have fostered
         | his distrust of the mysterious
         | 
         | Why this, and not simply an urge to understand things?
        
         | tasty_freeze wrote:
         | There is an infinity of mysterious things one could posit,
         | including an infinity of mutually incompatible mysteries. How
         | do you decide which mysteries are worthy of consideration?
         | 
         | Personally, I think starting with things are known to exist,
         | which have a physical basis, is a great start, and untestable
         | assumptions should be kept to a minimum. Just because it would
         | be delightful to contemplate that ornately feathered
         | technicolor quantum unicorns are actually underlying all of
         | reality, it isn't productive to consider until there is a
         | reason to.
         | 
         | Penrose is no doubt a genius of high order in his domain, but
         | consciousness is not one of his domains. Saying consciousness
         | is the result of quantum effects in microtubules explains
         | nothing -- it is just a very tiny rug which one could imagine
         | is hiding the truth, as all the larger scale hiding places have
         | been inspected and found lacking.
         | 
         | You'd think that with the stunning (and mostly unexpected)
         | success of LLMs would expose the fact that simple, soul-free,
         | mechanistic computations can produce some really amazing
         | capabilities. The human brain is orders of magnitude larger
         | than GPT4, plus it has a wildly more complex architecture than
         | today's neural networks. To me, it takes little imagination to
         | see how everything could be explained in purely physical terms.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | > Saying consciousness is the result of quantum effects in
           | microtubules explains nothing -- it is just a very tiny rug
           | which one could imagine is hiding the truth, as all the
           | larger scale hiding places have been inspected and found
           | lacking.
           | 
           | It also doesn't conflict with physicalism. I think he's
           | trying to argue that consciousness would need more than you
           | can do with a classical computer, but it doesn't seem to
           | imply that. Classical computers are made of hardware
           | components that rely on quantum effects to work, but that
           | doesn't make them "quantum computers".
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | Being a Nobel laureate isn't evidence that you're right about
         | anything after that. I'm sorry you'd like the supernatural to
         | be true but you should find some ghosts first if you want
         | anyone to believe in them.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Something more descriptive in the title would be helpful like
       | "Daniel Dennett, philosopher and cognitive scientist, has died"
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | "<Name> has died" is something of an HN convention:
         | 
         | <https://hn.algolia.com/?q=%22has+died%22>
        
       | bbor wrote:
       | RIP to a legend. If you haven't heard of him and are interested
       | in the more philosophical side of AI I think he's at his best in
       | dialogue with others, so I highly recommend skimming this 1993
       | round table that made me fall in love with him. I can't find the
       | stamp, but I know at some point he excitedly describes machine
       | learning research to some guffaws from his interlocutors -- quite
       | funny and vindicating in hindsight.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/RVrnn7QW6Jg?si=jenbni0Rg1dX5fd4
       | 
       | At ~01:50:00, he talks very poignantly about death, the soul, and
       | immortality. Obviously this video is 30 years old now, but I
       | doubt he changed much and it seems his philosophy left him with
       | good tools to handle the specter of death. Godspeed Dennett, the
       | world is in your debt...
       | 
       | Some other, perhaps more lighthearted timestamps:
       | 
       | - @ 01:00:00; A Nagel discussion culminating in "I think we're
       | making tremendous progress on knowing what it's like to be a
       | bat!" Truly a Silicon Valley optimist before it was cool.
       | 
       | - at 01:12:00; He tells a fun robotics story to back up his
       | belief in the tractability of neurophilosophy.
       | 
       | - @ 01:40:00; he discusses his general philosophy for the mind
       | and why he thinks our brains can be broken down into a recursive
       | hierarchy of agential machines.
       | 
       | - 00:24:00 is the moment that made me love him. Love to hate him,
       | perhaps! Like a more prestigious, less directly-aggressive Gary
       | Marcus.
        
         | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
         | I can also recommend this discussion.
         | 
         | It makes me sad that Sheldrake is the last participant
         | standing. Not because I want Sheldrake to die, but rather
         | because it reminds me all those great thinkers are now thinking
         | no more.
        
       | bschmidt1 wrote:
       | Dennett on Closer To Truth (just uploaded)
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHvIXe4DOEc
        
       | n4r9 wrote:
       | Like others here, I found Consciousness Explained to generate a
       | huge perspective shift in my worldview.
       | 
       | My (now) wife and I went to see him speak in June 2012 in King's
       | College Cambridge, on the event of Alan Turing's 100th birthday:
       | https://philevents.org/event/show/2205
       | 
       | I don't remember all the details, but I think he spoke about
       | Turing's ideas about evolution and computers. It might be similar
       | to this article from roughly the same time (though paywalled):
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/06/-a-pe...
       | 
       | The only other talk I remember going to was Simon Singh (author
       | of Fermat's Last Theorem) giving a great presentation on (and
       | demonstration of!) the Enigma machine.
        
       | spacetimeuser5 wrote:
       | Ok. And how many professors of medicine and doctors die under
       | 120. Monkeys got really cheap headset.
        
       | arduanika wrote:
       | With no disrespect to the other three, Dennett always struck me
       | as the most serious and intellectually modest of the Four
       | Horsemen. He mostly stuck to his own lane of academic expertise,
       | and used the proper caveats when venturing out of it. He didn't
       | lean on rhetorical flourish, strawman his opponents, or overstate
       | his case. The other three are a lot of fun, but maybe there's
       | something to be said for boring.
       | 
       | He spoke at my college once, and came off as nuanced and
       | considerate. I think I disagree with him about consciousness, but
       | I'm not informed enough to know for sure. What's clear is that he
       | was a constructive part of the conversation in his field.
        
         | JoeJonathan wrote:
         | Plenty of disrespect to the other three from me (and I say this
         | as an atheist). Sam Harris's (pro-Buddhist) atheism is hardly
         | anything more than Islamophobia in disguise.
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | I'm always confused by these Islamophobia charges.
           | Christianity has similar backwards and violent rhetoric.
           | Before the Reformation, non-Christians were right to fear
           | Christians. Has Islam had a similar reformation of its
           | violent precepts?
        
       | IncreasePosts wrote:
       | I find it interesting that there is no mention of this on the
       | cnn/foxnews homepage. If a philosopher of his standing died in
       | France, I'm sure it would be on the front of Le Monde and Figaro
        
         | CreepGin wrote:
         | I also find it interesting that I graduated from Tufts (2011)
         | and took a Philosophy class in 2010, and yet today is the first
         | time I heard about Professor Dennett. I do wish I'd known him
         | and his works earlier though. His notion of conciousness being
         | a narrative created by the brain resonates well with me.
        
       | Flatcircle wrote:
       | Probably won't be going to heaven. (No offense)
        
         | datascienced wrote:
         | Is that because of unrepented sin, or heaven not existing.
        
           | Flatcircle wrote:
           | The latter
        
       | JabavuAdams wrote:
       | Wow, not that old.
        
       | darreninthenet wrote:
       | What books would people recommend starting with by this guy?
        
         | abecedarius wrote:
         | _The Mind 's I_ made the biggest impression on me. I don't know
         | if that generalizes, you not being a 1980s teen now.
        
       | codeulike wrote:
       | I read Consciousness Explained 30 years ago and at first I was
       | miffed that it didn't touch on the possibilties of Quantum
       | mechanics and consciousness, a buzzword idea that I was keen on
       | at the time. But then every chapter was so fascinating -
       | blindsight, p-zombies, Libet, the cartesian theatre.
       | 
       | If I can sum up in a very simple way, as a philosopher he was
       | pointing to a simple but hard to grasp idea:
       | 
       | Consciousness probably isn't what we think it is. Most of our
       | preconceptions about it are likely wrong. Because we're right in
       | it all the time, it seems like we 'know' things about it. But we
       | don't. Quick example: our visual consciousness seems continuous.
       | But we know from saccades that it can't be.
        
         | meowface wrote:
         | For the record, 30 years later most consciousness researchers
         | still believe it's unlikely that quantum mechanics plays a
         | special role in consciousness. It of course remains plausible,
         | since we still don't have the true answers yet, but hypotheses
         | like Penrose's have not yet been found to be credible.
         | 
         | I really like your summary of some of his ideas, though.
        
       | glennonymous wrote:
       | I sent an unsolicited 25 page paper about memes that I wrote, as
       | just some (fairly pretentious!) guy without a college degree, to
       | Professor Dennett, in the early oughts. And he just went ahead
       | and read the thing and gave me very kind feedback on it.
       | 
       | I'm sure he was a busy person, and didn't have any obligation to
       | respond to me, at all. It touched me deeply. What a generous and
       | gracious soul he was.
       | 
       | I mean these words in a non-supernatural way, of course. :-D A
       | toast to Mr. Dennett's wonderful memory.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | NY Times obit: <https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/19/books/daniel-
       | dennett-dead...>
       | 
       | Paywall: <https://archive.is/EIsGd>
        
       | tempaway3845751 wrote:
       | _So I 'm going to speak about a problem that I have and that's
       | that I'm a philosopher.
       | 
       | When I go to a party and people ask me what do I do and I say,
       | "I'm a professor," their eyes glaze over.
       | 
       | When I go to an academic cocktail party and there are all the
       | professors around, they ask me what field I'm in and I say,
       | "philosophy" -- their eyes glaze over.
       | 
       | When I go to a philosopher's party and they ask me what I work on
       | and I say, "consciousness," their eyes don't glaze over -- their
       | lips curl into a snarl.
       | 
       | And I get hoots of derision and cackles and growls because they
       | think, "That's impossible! You can't explain consciousness." The
       | very chutzpah of somebody thinking that you could explain
       | consciousness is just out of the question.
       | 
       | ... It's very hard to change people's minds about something like
       | consciousness, and I finally figured out the reason for that. The
       | reason for that is that everybody's an expert on consciousness.
       | ... with regard to consciousness, people seem to think, each of
       | us seems to think, "I am an expert. Simply by being conscious, I
       | know all about this." And so, you tell them your theory and they
       | say, "No, no, that's not the way consciousness is! No, you've got
       | it all wrong." And they say this with an amazing confidence.
       | 
       | And so what I'm going to try to do today is to shake your
       | confidence. Because I know the feeling -- I can feel it myself. I
       | want to shake your confidence that you know your own innermost
       | minds -- that you are, yourselves, authoritative about your own
       | consciousness. That's the order of the day here._
       | 
       | From Daniel Dennett's TED talk, 2003
       | 
       | https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_dennett_the_illusion_of_consci...
        
       | caturopath wrote:
       | He's in a better place now.
        
       | Ologn wrote:
       | I have seen him on television and Youtube, reading these comments
       | it seems his books are interesting as well.
       | 
       | I very much enjoyed him in the documentary series "A Glorious
       | Accident", the show featuring him was -
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_bv7rDB5e8
       | 
       | and the show in the series featuring a round table of him,
       | Stephen Jay Gould, Freeman Dyson, Oliver Sacks and him is
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVrnn7QW6Jg
        
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