[HN Gopher] Presence and collection of DNA from air and air cond...
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       Presence and collection of DNA from air and air conditioner units
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 49 points
       Date   : 2024-04-19 13:53 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | This is clever, if used correctly. I would help prove that
       | someone was in a building, but would not necessarily help proving
       | that someone was in the building on a particular day.
        
         | rco8786 wrote:
         | > in the building on a particular day
         | 
         | This is a general limitation of DNA collection/analysis I would
         | think? If you find someone's DNA somewhere, it's evidence that
         | they were maybe there at some point in the past, but not at a
         | specific time.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | I wonder how strong that evidence is.
           | 
           | For example: My DNA is probably on my coworkers clothing.
           | Which means it is in their homes, even though I've never been
           | there.
        
             | surfingdino wrote:
             | Interesting, I did not think of that.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Maybe I've let 'GATTACA' influence my thoughts too much but
           | it seems like all it proves is that someone was in the
           | building that possessed a sample of a particular person's
           | DNA.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | It's not paranoia. As a sibling already pointed, we carry
             | plenty of samples of other people's DNA around all the
             | time.
             | 
             | I wonder how many snakes one would find by average in an
             | office.
        
           | sholladay wrote:
           | Even that is a troubling assumption.
           | 
           | Our DNA ends up in weird places. For example, someone's DNA
           | is probably on this plastic bag at the bottom of the ocean...
           | 
           | https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/plastic-
           | ba...
        
             | rco8786 wrote:
             | For sure. I used the word evidence rather than proof!
        
           | bookofjoe wrote:
           | Not true. I take a used Starbucks cup and leave it in a
           | building. Now the DNA of the person who used it is in the
           | building. The person may never even have been in that city or
           | country.
        
             | ChuckMcM wrote:
             | Gives all the baristas a good alibi :-)
        
           | gist wrote:
           | Oh that is not going to stop law enforcement (who as a
           | general rule doesn't have to be truthful). They can say they
           | have evidence that you were there and on the spot (if you
           | decide to talk to them) they can get you for lying or asking
           | when and why you were at the location in question (and the
           | reasons). Plenty can be done with this even on a
           | hypothetical. I think this is (in the hands of the right
           | interrogator super helpful. It's not like someone who commits
           | a crime is going to be up on the latest forensic tests and it
           | does sound possible.
        
         | sebstefan wrote:
         | The article doesn't seem to be going that way
         | 
         | After a year of using an office, they still can't detect one
         | guy but still detect the previous owner just fine
         | 
         | If you can only detect somebody after multiple months (up to
         | multiple years for bad shedders) of residency, I'd imagine they
         | would leave way easier clues than DNA in an AC unit
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | Is it possible to use to narrow down warrants for DNA
           | samples? Say the police have a sample from a perpetrator and
           | can prove that sample matches samples from a builing AC. This
           | could be part of the evidence used to obtai warrants for the
           | DNA of some or all current/former inhabitants of the
           | building, especially when pairdled with unopposed expert
           | testimony about the reliability of the methodology.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | I would think (and surely hope) that would fail the
             | probable cause test if attempted to be used for "all
             | current/former inhabitants".
             | 
             | https://nij.ojp.gov/nij-hosted-online-training-
             | courses/dna-p...
        
             | squigz wrote:
             | Well that's a rather horrifying thought...
        
         | ElevenLathe wrote:
         | Also makes it super easy to frame people: everyone is
         | constantly shedding evidence, so just slurp some up and spit it
         | back out somewhere you would like to "prove" them to have been.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Easy to do already with people's tobacco spit cup, or even
           | regular drink cup residue, and such.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I would be interested to know what effect talking has on the
       | amounts of trace dna left in air.
        
       | financetechbro wrote:
       | Seems like something that would exist in the universe of Gattaca
        
         | sebstefan wrote:
         | It exists in the universe of Gattaca, that's why you see him
         | exfoliating every morning in the shower
         | 
         | To become less of a "good shedder"
         | 
         | >Offices 2-4 were all known to be occupied by the same owners
         | for many years (see Supporting Information 1). The owners were
         | detected as the main contributor in background samples and in
         | most instances sufficient DNA accumulated to identify these
         | individuals after 4 weeks of occupation. In contrast, office 1
         | was occupied by the current owner for only 1 year, and this
         | owner (a known poor to intermediate shedder) was not detected
         | at either time frame. Notably, there was a prominent male
         | profile (further discussed in Section 10) that was detected in
         | most background samples, but not at any other time point after
         | cleaning. It is possible that this male profile is from the
         | previous owner of the office who had a much longer duration of
         | occupation and perhaps was a better shedder
        
           | fishpen0 wrote:
           | The dystopian future where diseases like psoriasis get you
           | fingered for every crime within a mile radius of your home or
           | office
        
       | _Microft wrote:
       | There are attempts to do something similar outdoors to get an
       | idea which animals are in a certain area.
       | 
       | https://www.science.org/content/article/dna-pulled-thin-air-...
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | > This study showed that human DNA can be collected from air and
       | on surfaces that move air, such as air conditioner units, and can
       | identify the usual users of the space as well as frequent
       | visitors. DNA accumulated within a fairly short period of time
       | with owners being identified after only 4 weeks of use of the
       | tested space.
       | 
       | So this doesn't seem like it would be adequate to identify
       | criminals who visit a space one time. But I can think of various
       | ways in which this collection might be abused - from selling
       | information to data brokers for advertising or surveillance of
       | regular visitors.
        
         | Zenzero wrote:
         | It also appears highly dependent on natural shedding of
         | corneocytes. That would likely advantage a hygienic criminal
         | who routinely exfoliates and lotions.
        
           | bookofjoe wrote:
           | >Pre-operative shower using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)
           | 
           | https://uihc.org/educational-resources/pre-operative-
           | shower-...
        
             | Zenzero wrote:
             | Shockingly those are not great instructions. The contact
             | time is critical and it isn't really mentioned in the way
             | it should be.
        
       | dv_dt wrote:
       | If it can be used for rapid detection of viral airborne diseases
       | it can be pretty useful for Covid or bird flu etc.
        
         | heyoni wrote:
         | They do something similar by sequencing the sewers for viral
         | dna: https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/whats-
         | new/covid-19-wastewater-t...
        
       | elevatedastalt wrote:
       | DNA is one of the few things that are relatively untarnished in
       | the field of forensics which is otherwise a massive shit-show
       | full of pseudo-science.
       | 
       | I am worried that this sort of work will lead to even DNA being
       | used in a hand-wavy manner to implicate people you don't like.
       | 
       | https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/nathan-robinson-forens...
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I believe the FBI has somewhat recently increased the number of
         | loki needed for a match in order to claim integrity. It's
         | possible there could have been collisions under the old
         | standard. Most of the time it's not the forensics, but the way
         | it's interpreted and how much weight the interpretation holds.
         | I believe this applies to the DNA just to a lessor degree as
         | other disciplines.
        
           | heyoni wrote:
           | loci!
        
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