[HN Gopher] Scale of the Universe
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Scale of the Universe
        
       Author : Leftium
       Score  : 215 points
       Date   : 2024-04-19 03:53 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (scaleofuniverse.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (scaleofuniverse.com)
        
       | corinroyal wrote:
       | OMFG! This is fantastic! And apparently I have some things to
       | learn about web design.
        
       | a_c wrote:
       | Magnificent! Curious how the zoom interaction is managed? Do you
       | load assets of next level once zoom level hit a certain
       | threshold?
        
         | Leftium wrote:
         | My guess is all the assets are preloaded. They are gradually
         | added to the "stage" and shrunken/faded out based on the zoom
         | level on an item-by-item basis (vs zoom levels.)
         | 
         | The background color would be its own "item."
         | 
         | I actually came across this site because I was looking for an
         | example for a proposal for a fun project for this guy:
         | https://youtu.be/1kjvgWBHzec (he tried a couple of non-
         | programming video editing methods to achieve the zoom effect.)
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | It seems all images are stored in the file
         | https://cdn.scaleofuniverse.com/sotu-avif.dave with some format
         | I don't really know. It's some kind of container for avif
         | images. It's loaded once.
        
       | wruza wrote:
       | See also:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zb5qTdb6LbM < AGE of UNIVERSE >
       | TIME in perspective
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uD4izuDMUQA TIMELAPSE OF THE
       | FUTURE: A Journey to the End of Time (4K)
        
         | alok-g wrote:
         | The second one is WOW. Thanks for sharing.
        
           | someplaceguy wrote:
           | > The second one is WOW.
           | 
           | Indeed! Now assume that the many-worlds interpretation is
           | accurate and you will live through most of that, if quantum
           | immortality [1] turns out to apply to the real world.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_suicide_and_immorta
           | lit...
        
       | necovek wrote:
       | Looks lovely!
       | 
       | Too bad there are no hits when searching for the "Restaurant at
       | the end of the Universe" :)
        
       | MOARDONGZPLZ wrote:
       | This is amazing. I always have this thought experiment of taking
       | this back like 200 years and imaging how people would react to
       | the things we've discovered in our world and thinking about how
       | much it would progress the technology of the era.
        
         | redog wrote:
         | You'd probably be persecuted and hung.
        
         | kromem wrote:
         | I would imagine they'd be more surprised about the smartphone
         | in front of their faces.
         | 
         | I just hope after extensive explanation and looking at the
         | showcase they'd eventually ask what a Minecraft world was and
         | why it was both flat and bigger than Earth.
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | This is really moving! It's like a 2020s version of that old
       | video[0] (there are 2!)[1] that zooms in and out of scale.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0 (1977)
       | 
       | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44cv416bKP4 (1996)
        
         | bogtog wrote:
         | I think this Zoom in/out physics story has pretty widely been
         | told. Here is one by CPG Grey:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUF5esTscZI
         | 
         | I like the one OP linked here. All the objects being clickable
         | with a little description is nice
        
       | pytness wrote:
       | TIL the porcine virus is only ~106 carbon atoms wide.
        
       | wdfx wrote:
       | TIL that the Burj Khalifa is taller than Vatican City is wide.
        
       | ralegh wrote:
       | For a second I thought we'd seen a lot of the universe, the HDF
       | being 1/5th the radius away and on googling Earandel is 2/3rds
       | the radius... of the known universe.
       | 
       | "According to the theory of cosmic inflation initially introduced
       | by Alan Guth and D. Kazanas, if it is assumed that inflation
       | began about 10-37 seconds after the Big Bang and that the pre-
       | inflation size of the universe was approximately equal to the
       | speed of light times its age, that would suggest that at present
       | the entire universe's size is at least 1.5x1034 light-years--at
       | least 3x10^23 times the radius of the observable universe."
       | 
       | So, if true, all those metrics of atoms, stars, planets in the
       | known universe are multiplied by 10^23.
       | 
       | Even if intelligent life were rare enough to only appear once per
       | knowable universe, there could be 10^23 different intelligent
       | species - single planet to galaxy spanning empires - that would
       | probably never meet another intelligent species (except those
       | with the same ancestors).
        
         | mariusor wrote:
         | > if true, all those metrics ... are multiplied by 10^23
         | 
         | Considering the relation of radius to volume, shouldn't we add
         | a meager 3 to make the exponent a total of 26? (Assuming of
         | course that the universe is just a three dimensional volume.
         | :D)
        
           | ralegh wrote:
           | Wow totally forgot that... but wouldn't it be (10^23)^3 =
           | 10^69!?
        
             | mariusor wrote:
             | You're right, I forgot my exponentiation rules: https://mat
             | hinsight.org/exponentiation_basic_rules#power_pow...
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | nice...
        
         | deepsun wrote:
         | The problem is in words "at present". There's no some global
         | timeline to say "present". The time in far away places just
         | didn't happen yet.
         | 
         | UPDATE: minor consideration -- time can flow at different
         | speeds (e.g. gravitational wells). That's probably doesn't
         | matter to our discussion, but just another argument against "at
         | present".
        
           | rspoerri wrote:
           | Just because you dont see it, doesnt mean it didnt happen.
           | The light the sun emits will only be seen by us ~8min later,
           | but it's still being emitted right now.
        
             | deepsun wrote:
             | No, there's a mistake in the statement.
             | 
             | Counter-example -- what's happening _right now_ at a
             | distance of 20 billion light-years from us?
             | 
             | Or another question -- what happened 1 hour _before_ the
             | Big Bang?
             | 
             | Both questions are already invalid by themselves.
             | 
             | UPDATE: I should've tried to answer my questions to show
             | what I mean:
             | 
             | 1. At 20B ly from us there's no space nor time to talk
             | about. Physicists talk in formulas, and I suspect if I knew
             | how, I just wouldn't be able to come up with a formula to
             | formulate my question.
             | 
             | 2. "before" the Big Bang there was no time itself to say
             | "before".
             | 
             | In other words, we can only reason about, or imagine,
             | reason about things, within our light cones. Outside light
             | cone questions become invalid to ask.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | Can't we imagine a bag of clocks at the Big Bang origin
               | that were synchronized and allowed to travel in all
               | directions along with various sections of the ejecta,
               | including one on Earth? One could imagine events that
               | happen at the same clock reading as ours in all the
               | different parts of the visible and non-visible universe.
        
               | riotnrrd wrote:
               | The effects of relativity cause that thought experiment
               | to fall apart quickly. I build two clocks, and send one
               | to alpha centauri and back in a spaceship. When the
               | travelling clock gets back to Earth it will be showing a
               | different time (because of time dilation during
               | acceleration). What does "the same clock reading" mean
               | then?
        
             | petsfed wrote:
             | Sort of.
             | 
             | The concept of simultaneity is mind-bending when you really
             | dig into it [0]. The upshot is that the hard problem of
             | synchronizing distributed systems is a problem of
             | fundamental physics, rather than simply the capabilities of
             | any given developer. Its always nice to know that the
             | reason you haven't met some specification given to you by a
             | non-technical user representative is because meeting that
             | specification violates the known laws of physics.
             | 
             | 0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | > the pre-inflation size of the universe was approximately
         | equal to the speed of light times its age
         | 
         | What is the basis of this assumption? Why should the universe
         | be (initially) expanding at the speed of light?
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | > Even if intelligent life were rare enough to only appear once
         | per knowable universe, there could be 10^23 different
         | intelligent species
         | 
         | The search space of complex organic molecules grows
         | exponentially with size. All that difference creates is some
         | marginal space between molecules with hundreds of monomers and
         | hundreds of monomers + some 4 or 8 where life could fit that.
         | 
         | Your revision of 10^70 makes it a little bit more believable.
         | But I wouldn't expect at all that to happen.
        
         | xqcgrek2 wrote:
         | Interesting, I thought it was only Guth that introduced
         | inflation.
        
       | NayamAmarshe wrote:
       | I love the end of it, just a big circle of random static noise.
       | Looking at stuff like this always brings up the question of why
       | does anything exist at all?
        
         | kromem wrote:
         | The counterpoint to that thought is why we should think non-
         | existence is even possible. There doesn't seem to be any
         | indication that nothing could exist other than our capacity to
         | imagine it being so.
         | 
         | It's what's so annoying with people arguing about "something
         | from nothing."
         | 
         | Even a vacuum has zero point energy. The idea that there could
         | even be 'nothing' at any point in time is arguably a bigger
         | leap of faith than the notion of some deity for whose sake it
         | is being argued as a presupposition.
        
           | NayamAmarshe wrote:
           | "Something from nothing" is a flawed argument, I agree. It's
           | just like saying everything came from          , because
           | 'nothing' doesn't represent anything at all.
           | 
           | However, the idea that "'nothing' is impossible" still
           | doesn't make sense to me. If the reality allows for infinite
           | possibilities then one of the possibilities must be of
           | 'nothingness'. This is what Buddhists argue, that reality is
           | sunya or 0/null/void, and that we exist only momentarily in
           | this nothingness somehow but you can see how that argument is
           | flawed too.
           | 
           | Then comes samkhya that says there are 2 entities: The
           | observer and the thing which is being observed. The observer
           | (individual consciousness or purusa) is eternal, has no point
           | of origin and no end. Similarly, prakrti or nature also
           | exists at the same time because the observer needs an
           | observation but prakrti's nature is to change all the time,
           | it manifests and unmanifests (just like our bodies or
           | everything else in this universe made of dead matter).
           | However, even though prakrti keeps this constant of change,
           | the observer or purusa himself is unchanging (just like how
           | our bodies and every single cell in it keep changing but the
           | sense of 'I' remains the same somehow). On top of that, it
           | says the prakrti and purusa are mutually exclusive. They do
           | not mix like oil and water but remain in contact at the same
           | time, just like how we have material bodies that keep
           | changing but the 'I' or the observer inside it is not made of
           | prakrti and hence remains detached from it. It is only the
           | false-ego (or false-'I') of purusa that forces it to identify
           | itself with prakrti (like I'm a male, I have this job, this
           | is my family, I have this body and face, etc.).
        
             | non-chalad wrote:
             | It's really simple.
             | 
             | The universe is based on Murphy's 1st Law: Anything can go
             | wrong, including nothing.
             | 
             |  _" In the beginning there was nothing... Then something
             | went wrong."_
        
               | NayamAmarshe wrote:
               | Sounds good!
        
           | vbezhenar wrote:
           | If something's not reachable with speed of light, it exists
           | only in one's imagination.
           | 
           | If something's not emitting any information (black hole
           | insides), it exists only in one's imagination.
        
             | NayamAmarshe wrote:
             | If something is in imagination, where exactly does it
             | exist? What plane and what dimension? Where is it situated
             | and what's the extent of it?
             | 
             | "It's all in your head" might be one answer but that's the
             | question, what plane or dimension is it? and why do we not
             | see it anywhere externally?
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Funny, just today I read about things like waves or
               | energy being arguably on a "different plane of existence"
               | than their medium/embodiment :
               | 
               | http://www.av8n.com/physics/black-box.htm#sec-plane-of-
               | exist...
               | 
               | (Which made me realize how little I know about eastern
               | mysticism...)
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | Did atoms exist before they were discovered, or not until
             | after they were discovered?
             | 
             | This question could be applied to a number of things
             | historically, and may even be in effect going forward.
        
             | kromem wrote:
             | Reachable with the speed of light from what inertial frame?
             | 
             | Also, there's been some interesting progress regarding
             | information about the inside of the black hole possibly
             | leaking out in the Hawking radiation.
        
               | wiml wrote:
               | The speed of light is the same in all inertial frames.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Distances are not.
        
           | ddj231 wrote:
           | The issue is that even in your framing "...'nothing' at any
           | point in time..." is at odds with the Big Bang theory which
           | says time had a beginning. How do you conceive what was there
           | 'before' the universe came to existence? (In the absence of
           | matter, space, time and energy)
        
             | kromem wrote:
             | That's a common misconception. The big bang theory _does
             | not_ say that there wasn 't stuff before the big bang.
             | 
             | Simply that our local version of spacetime expanded in the
             | great inflation.
             | 
             | And I'm not sure if you've been following the news on it,
             | but there's some serious issues with the theory at the
             | moment.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | It doesn't matter which 'serious issues' exist, no one
               | has any explanation for why the future points to a high
               | entropy version while the past point to a low entropy
               | version. You can have issue with any particular issue of
               | the big bang theory, but no matter what you put forth you
               | have to answer the very hard question of 'why was entropy
               | low', being that we know of no way in our current
               | universe to reset entropy.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | You mean stuff like this?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_inflation
               | 
               | People don't spend much time on those theories because
               | they are inherently of little practical consequence. What
               | includes that they are also not clearly testable.
        
               | NayamAmarshe wrote:
               | Even physics has limits because our physical reality and
               | approach has limits. Not everything can be a controlled
               | experiment, especially things that are way beyond what
               | our senses allow.
               | 
               | So in the end, everybody's theory holds 'almost' the same
               | weight. We're all clueless, yay!
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | The Prime Mover is a philosophical paradox even quite a bit
             | older than postmodern physics.
        
         | paulrouget wrote:
         | I think it's some sort of a reference to the CMB.
        
         | kaashif wrote:
         | What kind of answer could even possibly answer that question?
         | 
         | Any answer is subject to the follow-up question, well why does
         | that thing exist? Why did that happen?
         | 
         | If a question cannot be answered, there's no point in asking it
         | I think.
         | 
         | Other questions about the physical laws governing the big bang
         | or inflation or black holes can be answered, although they
         | might be very difficult to answer.
        
           | NayamAmarshe wrote:
           | > What kind of answer could even possibly answer that
           | question?
           | 
           | I don't know, but it's fascinating to think about.
        
           | ddj231 wrote:
           | The question is the launch off point for exploration. Just
           | because a question is philosophical in nature does not mean
           | it cannot be answered or that there's no point in asking.
        
             | kaashif wrote:
             | > Just because a question is philosophical in nature does
             | not mean it cannot be answered or that there's no point in
             | asking.
             | 
             | I never made any claim starting from the premise that the
             | question "is philosophical"
             | 
             | I directly explained why the question can't be answered
             | definitively.
             | 
             | Lots of philosophical questions actually can be answered.
        
           | gwill wrote:
           | >If a question cannot be answered, there's no point in asking
           | it I think.
           | 
           | how can you prove a question cannot be answered?
        
             | kaashif wrote:
             | This particular question cannot be answered definitively
             | because any answer is subject to the same question - why
             | does that thing exist rather than nothing?
        
           | mistermann wrote:
           | > Any answer is subject to the follow-up question, well why
           | does that thing exist? Why did that happen?
           | 
           | Various kinds of faith (religious, scientific, etc) can stop
           | infinite regress.
           | 
           | > If a question cannot be answered, there's no point in
           | asking it I think.
           | 
           | Easy peasy.
        
             | kaashif wrote:
             | Faith can stop you asking the question of why God exists
             | rather than nothing, but it can't actually answer that
             | question.
        
               | NayamAmarshe wrote:
               | The moment we ask why, it has to have a reason. However
               | Vedanta for example, would argue that brahman or the
               | entity that is the cause of all causes, is causeless in
               | itself. There can be no other explanation.
               | 
               | If something has a cause then it's ruled by cause and
               | effect. If something is causeless, it not only does not
               | need a reason to exist but is also the entity that puts
               | forth cause and effect in motion. Kinda similar to
               | Aristotle's concept of the prime mover.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | It can certainly answer it, but whether it can answer it
               | accurately is another matter.
               | 
               | To make it even trickier: it isn't only religious people
               | who are affected by faith, though clever word play,
               | cultural norms, etc can make it appear otherwise.
        
           | kimbernator wrote:
           | I believe it's valuable to think of this question in terms of
           | how our physical reality really can't answer it. It's a tacit
           | acknowledgement that the rules of the physical world we exist
           | in are not universal; We live with causality, but for
           | existence to begin it must not be a universal requirement.
        
             | NayamAmarshe wrote:
             | Eastern philosophy understood it quite early, you can only
             | go so far with cause and effect.
             | 
             | Brahman, Prime mover, are great explanations as to why
             | there must be a causeless entity, something that is not
             | ruled by material nature in order to be the causeless
             | source of it. The cause of all causes that is causeless
             | itself.
        
         | czbond wrote:
         | Is the static noise just the edge of observable universe? That
         | was unclear to me
        
       | blowski wrote:
       | TIL - All humans stood on top of each other would be
       | significantly taller than the diameter of the Sun.
        
         | prmph wrote:
         | Cool.
         | 
         | And yet all humans alive, if packed like sardines, will fit in
         | a 1 mile cube, with room to spare.
         | 
         | Physical dimensions can be an amazing un-intuitive thing.
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | Gosh, you're right.
           | 
           | Assuming:
           | 
           | - 5,250 can stand front to back
           | 
           | - 3,500 side-by-side
           | 
           | - 750 on top of each other
           | 
           | That's more than 13 billion humans you could fit in said
           | cube.
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | That would get pretty stinky though.
        
               | blowski wrote:
               | The "What If?" books by Randall Munroe (of XKCD fame)
               | cover topics like this with that kind of thought process.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Also pretty hot, since if I remember correctly, the waste
               | heat of a human is higher per volume (or was that mass ?)
               | than of the sun !
        
           | ninkendo wrote:
           | And if you took each atom of all the humans alive and stacked
           | them in a line (assuming 1 angstrom per atom and 7E17 atoms
           | in a human), it would be roughly 60 light years long.
        
             | ReptileMan wrote:
             | The many ways that protein can fold.
        
           | non-chalad wrote:
           | Give every human an acre of land, and we'd all easily fit
           | into Texas.
        
             | slingnow wrote:
             | There are 8 billion people on earth. And Texas is 172
             | million acres. I don't think the math works out.
        
               | ghkbrew wrote:
               | We (the humans) would fit into Texas regardless of
               | whether the land we owned would ;-)
        
       | newprint wrote:
       | One of the best things I have seen on HN. Thank you for the link
       | and who ever build this !
        
       | magicmicah85 wrote:
       | I never knew that a minecraft world was bigger than Neptune. Very
       | neat.
       | 
       | What I find more interesting is when you get to the subatomic
       | layer when it becomes apparent that it's all just theory and we
       | have no idea what's actually here and we could be wrong but have
       | no way of knowing...yet.
        
       | throwcults wrote:
       | Death cults would be shocked to know this
        
       | hans_castorp wrote:
       | I also like this site to show the scale of the universe:
       | 
       | https://joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace_solarsystem....
        
       | nthdesign wrote:
       | Neal Agarwal (Neal.Fun) did something similar a while back with
       | cool WebGL effects. https://neal.fun/size-of-space/
        
       | hypertexthero wrote:
       | Warmly recommended version of the same thing in meditative video
       | game form: Everything
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_(video_game)
        
       | WhitneyLand wrote:
       | Has this been done with time rather than distance? I've always
       | thought it could be a neat way to explore historical topics or
       | quickly get a perspective on certain time periods.
        
         | JamesHist wrote:
         | https://www.historytimeline.com/timeline/universe/
        
       | roamerz wrote:
       | The gray stuff. Is that where the Level Designers haven't yet
       | created the environment for us to play in?
       | 
       | Seriously though as hard as the size of the universe is to
       | comprehend, the gray stuff is exponentially more mysterious to
       | me.
        
       | slowhadoken wrote:
       | I always want to see something like this but within the scope of
       | the earth across time.
        
       | niek_pas wrote:
       | Is the scrolling on mobile way too sensitive for anyone else?
        
         | AnonC wrote:
         | Not only too sensitive, but it also seems to have a mind of its
         | own. I gave up after trying to move around for a few seconds. I
         | was already disappointed that it wouldn't load without having
         | to disable all tracker/analytics blocking.
        
       | rmbyrro wrote:
       | This is all a simulation, folks. The "universe", not the website.
       | I mean, the website is inside the simulation, so it's technically
       | a simulation of the simulation it lives in...
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Something I recently posted on Bluesky in response to someone
       | complaining about the exaggerated vertical scale of a relief map
       | of the US:
       | 
       | https://bsky.app/profile/dahosek.bsky.social/post/3kqfzyvoz5...
       | 
       | > It's worth noting that the coast-to-coast measure of the US is
       | a bit under 3000 miles, while the highest elevation in the
       | continental US is a bit under 3 miles above sea level, so in a
       | 1000-pixel map, that would translate to a 1 pixel height for Mt
       | Whitney!
       | 
       | > So that difference in elevation is less than the diameter
       | difference of the earth due to its rotation! A billiard ball has
       | a diameter of 2in and the variation in the earth's diameter
       | scaled to that level would be 0.0066in which is smaller than a
       | dust mite.
       | 
       | > I should also point out that the diagrams that show the earth's
       | elliptical orbit are also a lie. Drawn correctly proportioned,
       | the earth's orbit is indistinguishable from a circle to the naked
       | eye. (And don't get me started on the pictures that overstate the
       | size of sun & planets vs their orbits).
       | 
       | > The universe is huge, we are tiny.
        
       | vivzkestrel wrote:
       | How would you determine if the Universe is finite or infinite?
        
       | nelblu wrote:
       | Similar app from https://kurzgesagt.org/ for phones:
       | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kurzgesagt...
       | 
       | https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/universe-in-a-nutshell/id15263...
       | 
       | What's interesting is that they both chose very similar music.
       | Are they somehow related that I am unaware of?
        
       | savageDude__ wrote:
       | Love the fact that the known universe is much more smaller
       | (10^-35) than it is bigger (10^27) from our chosen baseline.
        
       | jpeter wrote:
       | https://htwins.net/scale2/
        
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       (page generated 2024-04-19 23:02 UTC)