[HN Gopher] A primer on x86 by Casey Muratori and The Primeagen ...
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       A primer on x86 by Casey Muratori and The Primeagen [video]
        
       Author : kamikaz1k
       Score  : 53 points
       Date   : 2024-04-14 19:27 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | grzeshru wrote:
       | The video title is "x86 needs to die" so the HN re-word is highly
       | editorialized.
        
         | tredre3 wrote:
         | Which is good because the HN title tells me exactly what it is
         | whereas the original title tells me nothing.
        
         | aCoreyJ wrote:
         | The video title is the title of the article they are reacting
         | to and mostly not agreeing with
        
       | klodolph wrote:
       | I got tired of the video because they never got to the point.
       | Here's the article:
       | 
       | https://hackaday.com/2024/03/21/why-x86-needs-to-die/
       | 
       | The article is, uh, well it's bad. I'm a little hesitant to
       | respond point-by-point to an article like this because it just
       | sucks up so much time, and there's just so much wrong with the
       | article on so many levels. Here's the response article:
       | 
       | https://chipsandcheese.com/2024/03/27/why-x86-doesnt-need-to...
       | 
       | The video appears to go into detail about things like how
       | pipelines but it's a long video that just doesn't get to the
       | point fast enough. I think the video is somewhat tearing into the
       | article and ripping it apart, but I hear some comments in the
       | video which I think are not that great, like at 1:01:25:
       | 
       | > RISC is reduced instruction set computer, just means not very
       | many instructions
       | 
       | RISC is better understood not in terms of the acronym itself, but
       | as a label for the way CPUs were designed post 1980 or so.
        
         | lloydatkinson wrote:
         | It seems there's a cult following of pseudo-intellectuals/dev
         | celebrities who all seem to have only worked at "faang" like
         | companies. Everything about it is a bit weird.
         | 
         | In this case, the one named like prime number, seems to spend
         | extraordinary amounts of time waffling on about nothing in
         | particular on twitch streams with a relentless torrent of
         | energy, and then this feeds the echo chamber of their fans.
         | 
         | Nothing of substance is touched on more than briefly. I am not
         | really sure what the point was of this whole article and guest
         | appearance.
        
         | wudangmonk wrote:
         | TLDR but I'm responding to let you know that I'm grumpy, got
         | that? I am grumpy, carry on.
        
       | MaximilianEmel wrote:
       | This would have been much better if it was just Casey.
        
         | Zhyl wrote:
         | The Primeagen feels like he's bringing Linux, neovim,
         | programming et al to a new audience, in the same way that Low
         | Level Learning [0] brings rust, assembly and reverse
         | engineering to a younger audience.
         | 
         | I don't think his style is for me personally, but I definitely
         | feel the world is a better place with his voice in it.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6biysICWOJ-C3P4Tyeggzg
        
           | znpy wrote:
           | I followed the primagen briefly, and then unsubscribed. The
           | primagen occasionally does super interesting content like
           | this one video but otherwise his content is useless garbage
           | on average.
           | 
           | Some examples: reaction to other videos rating programming
           | languages, reading out articles (like one guy shutting down
           | some cloud services and instantly realising half a million
           | bucks savings for the company) while commenting out loud but
           | adding little to nothing useful, and some neovim videos where
           | he basically copy-pastes some code here and there and sone
           | functionality appears (without any actual explanation about
           | how the code he pasted actually works).
           | 
           | I like the guy, but i've realised that:
           | 
           | 1. His content is not a good use of my time (wrt my interests
           | and my skill level)
           | 
           | 2. When he makes actually good content (like this one in this
           | case) it'll reach me anyway, somehow.
           | 
           | Hence I unsubscribed.
        
         | anonnon wrote:
         | I completely agree. The host needs to lay off the Adderall, or
         | at least reduce his dosage.
        
           | anonnon wrote:
           | I get that most of HN is abusing stimulants, and so that
           | comment understandably touched a nerve, but the host of the
           | video is literally an admitted former meth addict who worked
           | at a FAANG company (Netflix):
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjHFubUPLV0
           | 
           | Given his demeanor and past, it would be shocking if he
           | weren't at least abusing Adderall or Vyvanse.
        
         | lloydatkinson wrote:
         | Without a doubt. The other one is absolutely exhausting to
         | listen to.
        
         | soupbowl wrote:
         | I like Primeagen, he brings entertainment to boring topics, I
         | understand others might not like his style. I think we can
         | leave it at that and not accuse him of drug abuse, lol.
        
       | petermcneeley wrote:
       | The mill computing project is basically a criticism of x64 I
       | wonder what article Ivan Godard would have written.
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | I've been follow the Mill project for many years now and it's a
         | bit disappointing that they've made more YouTube videos than
         | chips.
        
       | camel-cdr wrote:
       | I think there are a few other legitimate problems with x86 than
       | decode complexity:
       | 
       | * x86_64 traditionally only has 16 registers and destructive
       | instructions. This is apparently also a problem for Intel, hence,
       | they introduced APX which goes to 32 GPR and adds three-operand
       | instructions. But who will use APX in the next 10 years outside
       | specialized server software and gentoo users? Consider that most
       | applications still target x86-64-v1, and runtime dispatch isn't
       | really practical for this.
       | 
       | * Piling on ever larger SIMD extensions. This is not so much a
       | burden on the implementation, but on the software landscape. The
       | way intel and AMD traditionally seem to implement SIMD
       | instructions, is to have execution units that can do an operation
       | of the largest SIMD width, and use those to also execute the
       | smaller SIMD widths. That seems reasonable, and probably is a
       | good tradeoff given the decode complexity, but it also means that
       | not using the latest SIMD extension wastes a lot of compute
       | power. If decode was easier, you could've stuck with one SIMD
       | width, and just add more execution ports, which means that older
       | software also gets a speedup on newer generations. This is kinda
       | what AMD did for Zen 4, where they implemented AVX512 on top of
       | AVX2, instead of the other way around. Or how ARM implementations
       | that only support 128-bit wide NEON can keep up with AVX2
       | (256-bit) and sometimes AVX512 (512-bit).
       | 
       | * All the legacy things may not cost much in terms of die space,
       | because they are implemented in microcode, but I'd imagine they
       | have significant development and verification costs.
       | 
       | Edit:
       | 
       | Another aspect regarding decode complexity is that the latest ARM
       | cores started removing the uop cache, this would be pretty much
       | impossible for a fast x86 implementation. I wonder how ARM decode
       | width - uop cache and x86 decode width + uop cache scale for
       | wider and wider cores.
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | I read that the hardware required to decode an x86 instruction
         | isn't actually that bad (potentially less than certain other
         | fixed width encodings). The problem is that it is hard to
         | decode several instructions from the stream at once
        
         | jiggawatts wrote:
         | > But who will use APX in the next 10 years?
         | 
         | There is a decent change that the bytecode runtimes will enable
         | this instruction set in their JIT output. This would include
         | .NET, JVM and V8.
        
         | zer00eyz wrote:
         | >> Consider that most applications still target x86-64-v1, and
         | runtime dispatch isn't really practical for this.
         | 
         | https://developers.redhat.com/articles/2024/01/02/exploring-...
         | 
         | Redhat 9 went v2 and they are pushing for v3 now...
         | 
         | I think the drums are beating for this to change in a lot of
         | places. Debian will end up being the hold out and (as a Debian
         | consumer) I dont know how I feel about this...
        
           | dralley wrote:
           | Since Red Hat has a 10 year lifecycle, it can be a little bit
           | more aggressive than Debian, since the last version is still
           | going to have 7+ years of support for whatever hardware is
           | phased out in the new version.
           | 
           | The target platforms are also a bit narrower.
        
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