[HN Gopher] Personal VPN services are snake oil
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Personal VPN services are snake oil
        
       Author : ementally
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2024-04-14 19:08 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (httpscolonforwardslashforwardslashwwwdotzoltanbalazsdotcom.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (httpscolonforwardslashforwardslashwwwdotzoltanbalazsdotcom.com)
        
       | ethbr1 wrote:
       | URL would be funnier if owner also owned the actual URL, but
       | redirected everything to the extra one.
       | 
       | And it's unregistered!
       | 
       | https://www.namecheap.com/domains/registration/results/?doma...
       | 
       |  _Edit:_ Per below, missed the last dot. zoltanbalazs is
       | registered.
       | https://www.namecheap.com/domains/registration/results/?doma...
       | 
       | Also, what would be more interesting: a financial breakdown of
       | how an average _free_ VPN provider makes money.
       | 
       | I assume ad injection + selling traffic data, but does that make
       | enough to offset the cost?
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | I believe at least one of the business models for "free" VPNs
         | is to turn their users machines into exit nodes, and the real
         | business is in selling those to people who want to spread their
         | traffic across many residential IPs for usually dubious reasons
         | (e.g. scalpers trying to scoop up concert tickets or limited
         | edition sneakers or whatever without tripping bot detection).
        
         | bpfrh wrote:
         | afaik some free vpn providers use your own connection to offer
         | residential ips for scrapping services or other vpn users.
         | 
         | I know I read a article about one where they at least routed
         | some other traffic through the vpn app, but I can't find the
         | article anymore.
        
         | dantyti wrote:
         | holavpn was exposed by trend micro as a botnet for rent (best
         | source I could find since the original white paper from trend
         | micro seems to be gone:
         | https://www.vice.com/en/article/pga9yk/your-tool-to-access-n...
         | )
         | 
         | facebook used their vpn onavo to mitm users of snapchat,
         | amazon, youtube: https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/26/facebook-
         | secret-project-sn... - somehow I had missed this, I was only
         | aware of the much older scoop about facebook using it to track
         | underaged users: https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/29/facebook-
         | project-atlas/
        
         | username3 wrote:
         | dotzoltanbalazsdotcom.com is unregistered.
         | 
         | zoltanbalazs.com was registered in 2021.
        
           | ethbr1 wrote:
           | Oops! Mistake on my part. Updated above.
           | 
           | Sadly, doesn't look like there's anything hosted on
           | zoltanbalazs.com
        
       | beefnugs wrote:
       | baby's first regex! oh so cute, here let me feed you more periods
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | I just noticed newlines are rendered on Algolia:
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?query=regex%20feed%20periods&type=co...
         | This can be useful when people attempt bullet point lists
         | 
         | Anyway is this comment a reference to the domain? I don't
         | understand what you mean
        
       | bhaney wrote:
       | > When to use a personal VPN?
       | 
       | > - Geofence bypass
       | 
       | > - Piracy
       | 
       | > - Soft network block/censorship
       | 
       | Among all the people I know who use the kind of VPN services
       | talked about here, these are exactly their reasons for using
       | them. Obviously advertisements are going to shy away from these
       | angles.
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | You may not even need a VPN to get around censorship, ISPs
         | implementing legally mandated site blocks often only bother to
         | enforce them at the DNS level so you can trivially bypass them
         | by using an encrypted DNS resolver.
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | Encrypted DNS resolvers aren't trivial[0] for the ~99% of
           | people who don't even know what they are, though.
           | 
           | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8863
        
             | bhaney wrote:
             | Doesn't Firefox default to eDNS these days? I don't think
             | it can get much more trivial than that
        
               | LaLaLand122 wrote:
               | In the UK, at least, it isn't the default (because of
               | "the children"/"terrorism"). But it's still just a
               | setting in Firefox/Chrome to change (and I guess in Edge
               | too).
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Changing the "secure dns" option on their phone/computer is
             | probably easier than installing a VPN app, tbh.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | Even just using a different DNS can be enough. A certain
           | popular movie uploader is/was blocked by my ISP at the DNS
           | level but worked fine once I changed to OpenDNS.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | Pretty funny to say they're snake oil, and then list 3 very
         | good reasons to have one.
        
           | mattrick wrote:
           | I think the snake oil claim is in regard to VPN companies
           | marketing themselves as a security product. The security
           | benefits that these companies claim in their ads are dubious
           | but of course there's other benefits to them, they just can't
           | advertise that they can be used for these things.
           | 
           | The problem is people who aren't aware of this see these ads
           | and think that they actually do prevent hackers from stealing
           | their information.
        
             | nmeagent wrote:
             | > I think the snake oil claim is in regard to VPN companies
             | marketing themselves as a security product
             | 
             | Considering that confidentiality is a vital component of
             | overall security, it's not necessarily unreasonable to
             | describe a VPN as a security product. Of course, it's not
             | the panacea some companies claim; nobody's "surfing the web
             | in full security and privacy" with just a VPN service.
        
               | the_snooze wrote:
               | We already have really good client-server confidentiality
               | (and integrity) assurances from the wide adoption of
               | TLS/HTTPS. Wrapping that in a VPN doesn't buy you all
               | that much additional security. Maybe a little bit of DNS
               | privacy and being able to mask your IP address on
               | torrents, but that's all that comes to mind.
        
         | ed_balls wrote:
         | renting a car - better rate if you are local.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | Hmm... I'm going to try that. Thanks traveler.
        
             | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
             | Also plane tickets. It was less than half the price for me
             | to buy Peruvian tickets in soles from LATAM than to shop on
             | the equivalent site in USD
        
           | whynotmaybe wrote:
           | I found the opposite when renting a car at the airport.
           | 
           | Renting a car in Belgium from the Canadian website is cheaper
           | than renting the same car on the Belgian website.
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | I have mine always on for privacy. Is there a reason to not use
         | it? The extra latency is close to 0 just use an exit node in
         | the same city. Why should I donate all my browsing data to my
         | ISP ?
        
         | ThatMedicIsASpy wrote:
         | ISP routing, throttling
        
       | paulgb wrote:
       | The problem is that they are sold as a security/privacy product,
       | because they can't mention the more illicit uses (which the
       | author mentions under "when to use a VPN"), which are the real
       | use cases people buy them for.
       | 
       | It's kind of like when shops selling bongs would market them as
       | "tobacco accessories", but there was a wink-and-nudge
       | understanding about how they would really be used.
        
         | EGreg wrote:
         | You mean like vibrating massagers?
         | 
         | Did you know the original vibrator was a medical device by
         | doctors to automate treatment of Hysteria?
        
           | HenryBemis wrote:
           | I assume you get downvoted due to the (not much) relevance of
           | your example to the VPN discussion. As for the accuracy: Yes!
           | 
           | 1) https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/technology-orgasm
           | 
           | 2) https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-
           | sex/201303...
           | 
           | 3) https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20181107-the-history-
           | of-t...
        
           | zaroth wrote:
           | Haha, lookup what "hysteria" was and the medical "treatment"
           | devised to "cure" it.
           | 
           | We might have a long way yet to go as a species, but we've
           | sure come a long way.
        
             | jiggawatts wrote:
             | We still have chiropractors and Chinese herbal medicine
             | dispensaries.
        
               | yosito wrote:
               | The thing that bothers me is that we've had these things
               | for so long, but no one does any actual research about
               | them, so we still can't say that we know they don't work,
               | but only that we don't know that they work. And "we don't
               | know that they work" doesn't really convince people who
               | say "thousands of years of tradition say that they work,
               | and my great aunt was healed by it".
        
           | pgraf wrote:
           | According to this article, this is probably a myth:
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/09/victorian.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://archive.is/idRiW
        
         | elorant wrote:
         | I buy them so I can have country specific ips
        
           | ponector wrote:
           | Which vpn provider do you use? I found it is somethimes a
           | nightmare to use some of them due to blacklisted ip and
           | endless captcha.
        
             | elorant wrote:
             | Mullvad
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | Exactly. Is there anyone whose primary use case for a personal
         | VPN is _not_ "Geofence bypass for region-locked content"??
         | 
         | Whenever a state in the US passes a new "we need your ID to
         | watch porn" law, sales of personal VPNs must predictably
         | skyrocket in that state.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | Is "geofence bypass for region-locked content" actually
           | "illicit"?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Is "geofence bypass for region-locked content" actually
             | "illicit"?_
             | 
             | Yes, in practically every jurisdiction. It's wilful breach
             | of contract, tortious interference with the content
             | distributor's licensing schemes and copyright infringement.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | Unless you have any explicit court case decisions to the
               | contrary, I'm calling bullshit. I did a simple Google
               | search and could not find any examples of someone being
               | sued or prosecuted for region bypass.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Unless you have any explicit court case decisions to
               | the contrary_
               | 
               | I also don't think there is prosecutorial precedent for
               | murdering someone with a sea cucumber; that doesn't make
               | it licit (or legal).
        
               | chrisfinazzo wrote:
               | A notable exception being the use of a VPN to access
               | region-protected content.
               | 
               | INAL, but while this use case _might_ violate ToS, the
               | case law suggests that courts deem this to be fair use
               | provided you don 't breech other laws in the process
               | (e.g, copyrights).
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | Agree that it's the digital equivalent of jaywalking.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | > tortious interference with the content distributor's
               | licensing schemes
               | 
               | No it's not.
               | 
               | Tortious interference with a business relationship is no
               | doubt what you're referring to here, but it's a long bow
               | with multiple layers of indirection. It is "intentionally
               | acting to prevent someone from successfully establishing
               | or maintaining business relationships with others".
               | 
               | Miramax, as a content distributor, might license their
               | content to Netflix.
               | 
               | You are a customer of Netflix.
               | 
               | Now say you are a customer of NordVPN.
               | 
               | For one, NordVPN isn't trying to prevent you maintaining
               | a business relationship with Netflix. Nor is it trying to
               | prevent Netflix having a business relationship with
               | Miramax.
               | 
               | NordVPN may provide you means by which you can choose to
               | be in violation of your TOS with Netflix. It's not acting
               | to ensure you are.
               | 
               | Netflix doesn't have to -allow- this, hence VPN/proxy
               | detection. But they have recourse, drop you as a
               | customer, for you, the customer's, actions, not for
               | NordVPN's actions. Miramax can't argue that NordVPN acted
               | to interfere with their licensing scheme with Netflix.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | > Exactly. Is there anyone whose primary use case for a
           | personal VPN is not "Geofence bypass for region-locked
           | content"??
           | 
           | Hi! /waves I use a VPN to stop my ISP from monitoring my
           | traffic and selling my personal information. My VPN (usually)
           | exits in the same "region" as my real location; I guess if I
           | hit a geoblock I could look at that, but it hasn't come up.
        
             | aborsy wrote:
             | You can set mullvad (which offers VPN service) as your DNS
             | over https server. Traffic is also mostly encrypted by
             | https. Your ISP still gets the destination IP addresses,
             | though they are harder to track.
             | 
             | Wouldn't that address your concern?
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | I think this is the old way of thinking about it.
               | 
               | Skipping the broader discussion of AI, the ridiculous
               | amount of automatic and human impossible pattern,
               | matching and correlation with seemingly harmless data is
               | something that I don't think we are equipped to fully
               | comprehend.
               | 
               | The time at which I hit some meta CDN, seems harmless.
               | Until combined with some cookie and some access time to
               | some asset it uniquely identifies me to previously
               | anonymized data.
               | 
               | So no, I do not think HTTP and a good DNS are enough.
        
               | hnlmorg wrote:
               | IP addresses and host names (as defined in SNI).
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | No; until Encrypted Client Hello is ubiquitous HTTPS
               | still has domains in cleartext. Also, I don't think we
               | should be casually dismissing tracking by IP addresses.
        
             | dec0dedab0de wrote:
             | _Hi! /waves I use a VPN to stop my ISP from monitoring my
             | traffic and selling my personal information._
             | 
             | But then how do you stop your VPN company from doing the
             | same? You essentially have two ISPs now.
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | If the local ISP has a 100% chance of monetizing my data
               | and the VPN provider has anything less than that, then
               | it's still a win.
               | 
               | (Longer answer: This boils down to the weighted
               | probabilities; if the ISP was meaningfully regulated such
               | that it was legally restricted from doing certain things
               | with my data, that might matter, and one should also play
               | in the exact likelihood that either party is selling my
               | data. In my case the weighted probability is wildly in
               | favor of a VPN, but I suppose I can imagine situations
               | where that wouldn't hold.)
        
               | jddj wrote:
               | I VPN to a $5 vps in a distant country. I kill and
               | move/re-up it once or twice a year.
               | 
               | They probably could sell my traffic, but I estimate it
               | (based on vibes) as being less likely than for most other
               | intermediaries
        
               | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
               | It's their business (value proposition) to not do the
               | same and most explicitly commit to that. They also get
               | third party aidiots and publish results. This isn't fool
               | proof but it's better than trusting Comcast or ATT or
               | whoever.
        
             | stouset wrote:
             | You're just trading your ISP for a different third-party
             | who has all the same incentives.
        
           | chuckadams wrote:
           | Sir I would have you know that I participate in no such
           | illicit tomfoolery. My VPN use is strictly for torrenting
           | pirated content!
        
           | cjk2 wrote:
           | I reckon the majority of VPN sales are actually people being
           | bombarded by adverts and sponsorships for VPNs and think that
           | is actually of benefit. I am _constantly_ bombarded by
           | questions on which VPN product to use from people who are
           | even unaware you can steal content.
           | 
           |  _" Are you downloading films from anywhere?"_
           | 
           |  _" Huh what from Disney Plus?"_
        
           | jonathantf2 wrote:
           | My dad used to complain that he couldn't get on certain
           | websites, got CAPTCHAs a lot more than he used to and often
           | prices came up in US dollars on his computer, turns out he
           | paid for a 3y plan to NordVPN and had it start on start up on
           | his computer.
           | 
           | He can barely work the Sky box never mind stream stuff from
           | the internet, he got duped into thinking it would make him
           | "safer" when in reality it just makes using the internet a
           | lot harder as everyone flags your traffic as malicious based
           | on the datacentre IP.
        
             | username135 wrote:
             | Why is your assumption that VPN traffic is being blocked
             | because it's malicious?
        
               | csours wrote:
               | If you read carefully, you may see that they did not say
               | that "VPN traffic is being blocked because it's
               | malicious"
        
               | SkyPuncher wrote:
               | Because it absolutely is.
               | 
               | I occasionally fire up Mullvad when I'm on the go. I get
               | blocked way more often when I use it
        
               | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
               | Because people run crawlers and perform illegal activity,
               | and/or because 'security companies' sell the IP lists as
               | low reputation potentially malicious IPs?
        
               | xmodem wrote:
               | Anyone who has browsed through one of these personal VPN
               | services - or even a DIY VPN from a datacentre IP - for
               | more than about 10 minutes will have experienced the
               | increase in captcha's.
        
           | BrandoElFollito wrote:
           | Torrenting and buying a service cheaper are two examples.
        
           | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
           | Yes, lots of people have other primary use cases? Why is that
           | even a surprise?
           | 
           | VPN companies are more trustworthy than my ISP. Many get
           | third party audits and publish results. And if the VPN
           | company and server are in a privacy friendly country, they
           | are hard to subpoena. Individual privacy being the default is
           | itself valuable.
           | 
           | This is leaving aside numerous other reasons like avoiding
           | censorship or persecution or whatever.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | Yes, I was using a bit of hyperbole.
             | 
             | But that said, on this point I do agree with the author:
             | privacy improvements from using a VPN are marginal for the
             | average user due to the now widespread use of HTTPS. Yes,
             | your ISP can see _which_ domains you visit, but that 's
             | about it. I'm curious if there have been any successful
             | lawsuits or prosecutions based solely on domain access
             | logs.
        
               | RajT88 wrote:
               | Unless you're using DNS over HTTPS or DNS over TLS. Then
               | they can't.
               | 
               | Side question: Anyone know of a gateway or self-host
               | service which supports DNS over HTTPS relay?
               | 
               | i.e. it will accept vanilla DNS requests, but if it needs
               | to forward requests, it will only do so to DoH / DoT
               | servers?
        
               | pgraf wrote:
               | They can still deduce it from the TLS SNI unless the web
               | server you access supports TLS 1.3 Encrypted Client
               | Hello.
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication
        
               | jachee wrote:
               | I do that with pihole.
        
             | Kwpolska wrote:
             | I absolutely despise my ISP's business arm, but I trust
             | their network arm not to do something stupid. I certainly
             | trust them more than a company in a remote tax haven with a
             | broken legal system.
        
               | nickburns wrote:
               | Sweden and Switzerland are hardly 'remote tax havens with
               | broken legal systems.' you don't actually prefer your
               | ISP's DNS service over something like say, Quad9's, do
               | you?
        
           | superkuh wrote:
           | My ISP Comcast (sometimes called Xfinity) has regularly done
           | MITM attacks that inject javascript into web pages since
           | 2013. Surfing the web without tunneling my connection is
           | unacceptable with an ISP that commits CFAA crimes like this.
           | It is a valid use case for a VPN or VPS tunnel for the 30
           | million of us stuck with a comcast monopoly.
        
           | barfbagginus wrote:
           | I am old fashioned. So I would use a VPN if I want to prevent
           | my landlord from getting a cease and desist letter from a
           | lawyer when I download warez. Mostly audio books, and
           | textbooks, but also movies and music.
           | 
           | Ie, it's the use case where you Pirate all the media, and use
           | a VPN as a security bandaid against anti-post-scarcity
           | busybodies.
        
             | ldjb wrote:
             | Piracy is also listed under the "When to use a personal
             | VPN?" heading.
        
               | g4zj wrote:
               | It is, but I believe the comment you replied to was in
               | response to this line.
               | 
               | > Is there anyone whose primary use case for a personal
               | VPN is not "Geofence bypass for region-locked content"??
        
           | cyanydeez wrote:
           | ...piracy
        
           | snapplebobapple wrote:
           | My primary use case for a vpn is i dont trust people on my
           | guest network and dont want their traffic looking like it is
           | coming from an ip associated with me. I am not protecting
           | against 3 letter agency levels of surveillance so i dont need
           | the extra benefit and slowness of tor, i just need to move
           | that traffic to a different jurisdiction to complicate things
           | enough that people dont bother to figure out it came from my
           | network on the off chance that someone i let on myguest
           | network does something untoward.
           | 
           | does that count?
        
             | theginger wrote:
             | That's a valid privacy concern But is a VPN service a good
             | solution? Certainly not if you are on a shared IP with the
             | VPN. I know you can get some with a dedicated IP, but with
             | most VPN providers it is still probably coming out of a
             | cesspool of ips that you don't want any kind of association
             | to.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | Except that use-case doesn't even work because any service
           | worth a salt just blocks the VPN's IP addresses. For example:
           | US citizen living in US goes to the UK and uses VPN service
           | to watch US-based netflix. Netflix blocks this.
        
         | Mountain_Skies wrote:
         | I felt stupid when someone told me what the 'roses in a glass'
         | tubes that were sold in convenience stores were really used
         | for, but I guess it never occurred to me that crack pipes would
         | be something these places would want to be associated with. At
         | least it restored my faith in romantic gestures a bit to know
         | people weren't buying them as a token of love.
        
           | ssl-3 wrote:
           | The bodega sells whatever people want to buy, as long as it
           | doesn't get the bodega in trouble for doing so.
           | 
           | Beer, wine, booze, tobacco, and vapes are obvious, but things
           | like cough medicine (dextromethorphan), diarrhea pills
           | (loperamide), little roses in neat glass tubes, and air
           | dusters (let's kill some brain cells!) are perhaps less-
           | obvious.
           | 
           | The bodega wants to be associated with being the place where
           | a person can stop in and buy _anything_ , from a can of soup
           | to a pair of pants.
        
             | BrandoElFollito wrote:
             | What's the deal with loperamide?
             | 
             | I once asked why levothyrox, a drug to compensate a dying
             | thyroid, is so regulated (at least in France). It's not
             | like it's psychotic or something, it is just a hormone.
             | Turns out people were buying it expecting weight loss...
             | 
             | It's because of such idiots that people whose life is
             | already complicated gets it even more.
        
               | madog wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loperamide#Off-
               | label/unapprove...
               | 
               | News to me as well
        
         | fny wrote:
         | NYC has Mullvad ads plastered everywhere. They bill themselves
         | as protection from corporate surveillance. This is not wink-
         | wink advertising. It's an attempt to swindle somewhat tech
         | literate people through a lie.
         | 
         | Sure you and everyone else on HN know what a VPN for, but
         | that's not the case for 97% of the people on a subway car who
         | see their latest campaign.
        
         | bayindirh wrote:
         | Funny thing is, in my most recent trip, hotel's wireless
         | network information contained a note which can be summarized as
         | follows:
         | 
         | "Our hotel uses unencrypted wifi, so if you want any kind of
         | privacy on hotel network, please use a VPN, kthxbye."
        
       | toast0 wrote:
       | I've never seen a whole lot of value in personal VPNs; it's
       | basically trading one network that can observe you for another.
       | Often with unverifiable claims about not observing you.
       | 
       | But, it can be helpful to trade one network's routes for another,
       | in cases where direct routing between you and your desired peers
       | is poor for whatever reason. And it's clearly useful for
       | circumventing geographic restrictions (as long as those imposing
       | the restrictions dont' care to identify and restrict access
       | through VPNs)
        
         | ls612 wrote:
         | Mullvad and Proton at least have had their no logs policies
         | court tested so I believe their claims.
        
       | mmsc wrote:
       | In general I agree about it not providing security benefit, but
       | they can reduce the exposure of eavesdropping like DNS leaking
       | browsing patterns, and so on. Sure, you're now leaking your DNS
       | traffic to the VPN server, but in my opinion it's better to leak
       | that to somewhere external than somewhere close by (e.g. to
       | companies or individuals directly related to your network that
       | will use it for monitoring and monetisation)
       | 
       | https downgrade attacks and the like (html injection on http
       | pages) can also be thwarted (unless they are done on the
       | vpn->service path ofc),
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | Wouldn't switching to something like Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1 DNS
         | mostly solve the DNS issue without going the VPN route? The
         | user's DNS provider would no longer be their ISP.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > The user's DNS provider would no longer be their ISP.
           | 
           | Only if the ISP doesn't do DPI to transparently route any
           | outgoing DNS traffic to their (censoring) servers. There have
           | been enough cases of that.
        
             | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
             | Does that work anymore with DNS over HTTPS? I think the
             | real leak is that until we get Encrypted Client Hello your
             | HTTPS connections expose the domain in plaintext so DNS is
             | kind of a moot point.
        
       | CPLX wrote:
       | It's not that deep. People want to download shit and watch
       | Netflix
        
       | pyrolistical wrote:
       | The author calls it snake oil then lists legitimate reasons to
       | use a VPN at the end
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | No better way to get traffic than rage baiting I guess.
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | Say I sell snake oil, and I say it will cure cancer. Then Peter
         | comes and buys it because he lubricates his discumbulator
         | machine with it. It has a legitimate use, and maybe I even know
         | that, but I still sell it as a cancer cure (which it isn't).
         | Its still snake oil.
        
       | kelsey98765431 wrote:
       | Argument is based on the assumption that "probably only one
       | percent of users correctly use a kill switch", and in general
       | shows a low level of understanding of threat models and the swiss
       | cheese security model. Author assumes to know the intentions of
       | VPN users and asserts users are dumb, also throwing unnecessary
       | barbs at "wannabe hackers". Unprofessional article, bad advice,
       | no differentiation between nonlogging services and services like
       | nordvpn that bundle google analytics and tracking into their
       | application.
       | 
       | My take? Do a threat assessment, build a threat model, know your
       | adversary be it your own ISP selling your data or protection
       | against hostile state entities when traveling overseas. There are
       | many valid uses for the various types of commercial VPN and
       | instead of an objective look at these services the author walks
       | in with an assumption that they are all the same and never
       | provide value to their customers, then bends over backwards to
       | attempt to make weak arguments against a vast category of
       | service.
        
         | rfl890 wrote:
         | Yep, HN is definitely not the article's target audience.
        
         | blablabla123 wrote:
         | I think this is one of the biggest misunderstandings about
         | security that there's one linear scale and that every solution
         | can be assigned a generic positive/negative delta on that.
        
       | datadrivenangel wrote:
       | Author is correct that TOR has better privacy than a better VPN
       | because TOR means you are truly anonymous (assuming the network
       | is not majority compromised).
       | 
       | However, bandwidth and latency on TOR suck, and in many cases the
       | endpoint IPs are blacklisted to hell due to abuse. A VPN is a
       | nice middle ground where your can put another entity between
       | yourself and your traffic, which is valuable against most
       | opportunist adversaries. If a TLA wants me and can get a warrant,
       | not even TOR will save me, but a VPN keeps the ISP from selling
       | my traffic and the media trolls from sending me grumpy letters
       | because the neighbors keep using my wifi to watch free content.
        
         | bsza wrote:
         | > assuming the network is not majority compromised
         | 
         | There is no such guarantee AFAIK, as long as a bad actor
         | controls all the nodes in YOUR route, they can deanonymize you.
        
       | malfist wrote:
       | Everyone is pointing out that the article shoots itself in the
       | foot by giving three very good reasons for VPNs and dismissing
       | them. But I think there's a fourth reason that isn't mentioned:
       | 
       | The US doesn't have reasonable privacy laws and I don't trust my
       | VPN to not sell my browsing history to anybody with two pennies
       | to rub together.
       | 
       | Yeah, I can (and do) use DNS over HTTP, but the ISP still knows
       | what IPs I am connecting too. It's trivial to find out what
       | domains are hosted there.
        
       | PlutoIsAPlanet wrote:
       | An issue is that they're sold as a way to stop your ISP tracking
       | what you're doing.
       | 
       | But why would I trust a random company with this information over
       | an ISP, who yes aren't always angels, but at least are somewhat
       | accountable.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Furthermore, they use their VPN clients as proxies and sell
         | access to their network to scrapers and botnetters. Usually the
         | rule of thumb is that if you're not paying, you're the product,
         | but in this case they manage to double dip. That's where the
         | real funding comes from.
         | 
         | https://oxylabs.io
        
           | perplexa wrote:
           | If they claim to be operating an ethical service one more
           | time I might start to believe it.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | It is really question do you trust your ISP or do you trust
         | your VPN provider? And if you are doing something your state
         | might have interest in. Well VPN options might also be
         | questionable. Either in some adjacent state, or other ways
         | scrupulous...
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | My ISP is Comcast and my VPN is Mullvlad.
           | 
           | Guess.
        
             | sss111 wrote:
             | Mullvad and it's not even close haha
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >But why would I trust a random company with this information
         | over an ISP, who yes aren't always angels, but at least are
         | somewhat accountable.
         | 
         | ISPs often have captive markets and have enough political sway
         | to grant them said captive markets. VPN companies have none of
         | that, and live or die based on their reputation, so they
         | arguably have more of an incentive to behave well. Meanwhile
         | some ISPs have even admitted to selling your traffic for
         | marketing purposes or are forced by the government to keep
         | records. There's plenty of shady VPN companies out there, and
         | not all ISPs are scummy and sell your info, but there's quite a
         | bit of range between the scummiest ISP and the best VPN, and
         | for a subset of people using VPNs definitely makes sense.
        
         | deno wrote:
         | 1) You can choose where in the world your traffic exits. 2) You
         | can switch your VPN provider or even use/stack multiple and
         | it's easier than changing ISPs which encourages innovation. 3)
         | ISPs and VPNs are regulated differently. In many if not most
         | countries ISPs have to log and store certain PII.
        
       | diego_moita wrote:
       | A lot of people have VPNs for single temporary reasons.
       | 
       | * In the Bible Belt (a.k.a. Chistianstan) and some Muslim
       | countries it is to access porn.
       | 
       | * In Canada and Mexico is about accessing what Netflix doesn't
       | provide to their countries.
       | 
       | * In hybrid offices it is about the second job that they do
       | remote and hidden.
       | 
       | They want something simple for a couple of months and then just
       | discard it. VPNs are good for that.
        
         | BrandoElFollito wrote:
         | There are some states in the US that restrict access to porn?
        
           | wishfish wrote:
           | Yes. Via the new age verification laws which require any site
           | with a considerable amount of 18+ content to verify their
           | users are 18+. This has passed in a few states. Leading
           | Pornhub, and some other porn sites, to block access from
           | those states.
           | 
           | The age verification laws are written pretty broadly and
           | could be used to target a wide variety of content. Not just
           | porn. Anything the state deems 18+ would require age
           | verification.
           | 
           | These laws are facing some court challenges. If we're lucky,
           | the laws will not survive.
        
       | ementally wrote:
       | Author linked to privacytools.io.
       | 
       | >even better, a browser built with privacy in mind
       | 
       | which is full of VPN ads https://www.privacytools.io/privacy-vpn.
       | Browse https://www.privacyguides.org/en/vpn/ better.
        
       | pompino wrote:
       | VPN or not, the biggest MiTM threat to privacy on the web is
       | Google. They may not be actively malicious and steal your bank
       | info, or do other nefarious stuff, but they will always oppose
       | end-end encryption. Google's stance is to lock out the
       | competition under the guise of "protecting" users, so only they
       | can spy on user data.
        
       | shoaki wrote:
       | Although i agree with the overall message, there are privacy
       | concerns with OCSP[1] which are mitigated by using a VPN. When
       | trying to use the web privacy conscious, it might actually be
       | beneficial to your privacy. This is a very edge case though.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status_Prot...
        
       | TZubiri wrote:
       | Fuck that is a good domain name
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | Back in the 90s, early 2000s, in Australia, there was an ISP
         | called Dot, IIRC.
         | 
         | In an attempt to be edgy, their website was at:
         | 
         | triplew.dot.net.au
         | 
         | "triple w dot dot dot net dot au"
        
       | rwiggins wrote:
       | There's a fourth use-case: occasionally, gaming.
       | 
       | I play Final Fantasy XIV, an MMORPG - apparently, supposedly, the
       | peering connection between AT&T and FFXIV's US ISP (NTT) was
       | particularly bad. [1]
       | 
       | This manifested as pretty severe connection issues for AT&T
       | customers playing FFXIV. Except, it was a chronic issue that
       | would only flare up when that particular connection point was
       | stressed.
       | 
       | One of the easiest workarounds? Hop on a VPN.
       | 
       | That's one example. Anecdotally, I have a few friends that toggle
       | VPNs on and off when they encounter "network weather" in games.
       | Personally, I'm a bit skeptical they're truly so often mitigating
       | problems by toggling a VPN (instead of, say, just waiting a
       | couple minutes), but hey, they swear by it.
       | 
       | [1]: https://forum.square-enix.com/ffxiv/threads/482155-Bad-
       | lag-a...
        
       | iambateman wrote:
       | It's true that their privacy promises are dubious...but they're
       | great for IP switching.
       | 
       | I run a low-volume scraper which benefits a ton from keeping the
       | IP address fresh.
       | 
       | So I guess, in a sense, I'm grateful that enough people are
       | paying for ~nothing to make the service pretty great.
        
       | netfortius wrote:
       | Try to travel the world and access financial or governmental
       | institutions, then tell me about usefulness / uselessness of VPN.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | It's baffling that banks/governments that do geoip based risk
         | assessments (ie. the ones that would lock your account if you
         | tried logging in from a random country) wouldn't flag logins
         | from a VPN/datacenter IP. Those basically tell you nothing
         | about where the user is actually logging in from, and they
         | should therefore treat them as if you're logging in from a
         | random country.
        
       | zaroth wrote:
       | Digital Ocean droplet and Tailscale?
        
         | shoaki wrote:
         | The author specifically excludes "Company VPNs" and VPNs to
         | "phone into your home network" from the scope of the article.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | The "DIY VPN" is worse for 3 reasons:
         | 
         | 1. it's more expensive than commercial VPNs, which you can
         | often get for <$3/month, or even less with promos/cashback
         | sites
         | 
         | 2. you're limited to one region, which means you can't use it
         | as effectively for geoblock evasion purposes.
         | 
         | 3. you get less anonymity because you get a static ip that's
         | assigned to you only, as opposed to a commercial VPN provider
         | where you can connect to hundreds/thousands of servers each of
         | which are used by probably hundreds of users.
        
         | coppsilgold wrote:
         | If a VPN provider doesn't keep logs and if their routes to you
         | are not being tapped for packet timing correlation then they
         | are superior in privacy to DIY VPNs due to them laundering your
         | connections/packets with multiple other people.
        
       | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
       | I need a VPN to do a lot of stuff with crypto now because
       | websites are blocking Americans. $5 a month and having to use it
       | is annoying, but I'd have missed out on thousands of dollars of
       | income if I wasn't using one.
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | There is a fourth use case for VPNs: evading traffic shaping and
       | censorship on public wifi hotspots. Many hotels block not just
       | porn sites but also legitimate news pages (e.g. Torrentfreak),
       | and most drastically throttle YouTube, Netflix and other
       | streaming-heavy sites.
       | 
       | A fifth use case is related: evading bad peering. Deutsche
       | Telekom was infamous for years to "double dip", i.e. requiring
       | that other (backbone/regional) ISPs pay them for peering, and so
       | DTAG customers that tried to access Hetzner servers were
       | throttled as the Hetzner-Telekom link got saturated in the peak
       | traffic times.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.golem.de/news/hetzner-und-netzneutralitaet-
       | extra...
        
         | oynqr wrote:
         | The link to AWS was/is really bad as well, since that has to go
         | through Telia.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | For real, _this_ is the only case where I wouldn 't mind AWS
           | to actually use their market size firepower. Throttle all of
           | DTAG on a single 1 GBit/s link and tell them, either you peer
           | with us for free like everyone else, or you'll have to deal
           | with annoyed users.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | My use case:
       | 
       | - In Hotel, Airport. VPN can be used to bypass DNS based captive
       | portal. - Yes true hopefully all website are encrypted with ssl,
       | but still an attacker can easily fingerprint me through my
       | internet usage, even though everything is ssl, there are still a
       | lot of plain-text data flying around. So yeah, ProtonVPN, ftw.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Yes true hopefully all website are encrypted with ssl, but
         | still an attacker can easily fingerprint me through my internet
         | usage
         | 
         | So an "attacker" can figure out that you browse hacker news.
         | Who cares?
        
           | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
           | I care, and my feeling is that more people do each day as
           | they become aware of how tracked they are. Why does anyone
           | need to know anything about me - it feels like a violation.
           | There are all sorts of possible costs to that, but I think
           | many of us value privacy on its own.
           | 
           | But as for an attacker - maybe they discover something about
           | you from one compromised service and correlate it to
           | something else. Or maybe they extort you in some way. Who
           | knows - there are many possibilities and it's safer to reduce
           | exposure.
        
       | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
       | Yeah, no.
       | 
       | > OK, but what about my DNS and TLS records being exposed to
       | everyone so they can follow what I am doing? In a public place,
       | anyone can look at your display already. Or, if you are worried
       | about your ISP selling your traffic data, there are better
       | options for you. Use DNS over HTTPS, for example. You have to use
       | a VPN provider you trust better than your ISP/Wi-Fi provider.
       | Also, as Encrypted Client Hello is about to start soon, it will
       | be exponentially harder for eavesdroppers to figure out which
       | sites you are trying to visit.
       | 
       | Encrypting DNS is a nice start, but the ISP can still see the IPs
       | you're connecting to, which is enough for a lot of sites, and
       | Encrypted Client Hello is _about to start soon_ is a lot of words
       | to say  "today, your ISP can see the domain on every HTTPS
       | connection you make". So no, distrusting my ISP is _absolutely_ a
       | compelling reason to use a VPN. (And lest you say  "but do they
       | actually spy on you?", I literally got a letter from AT&T
       | informing me that they were going to start monetizing information
       | mined from my connections.)
       | 
       | > But if you care about privacy, the answer is always ToR, ToR
       | browser or Tails, and never VPN. Except in cases where you first
       | have to hide your ToR usage using a VPN, which is a rare
       | exception among users. If you don't understand why you would need
       | that, you probably don't need that complexity. Tor Browser uses
       | uncountable techniques that prevent tracking your browser. And if
       | your privacy is essential against local Wi-Fi attackers, your
       | ISP, why is the ad industry not in scope? Adblockers are only
       | half the solution against tracking.
       | 
       | I mean, yeah I also use uBlock, but TOR makes harsher tradeoffs
       | than are necessarily needed (multiple hops is really safe but
       | also really slow). I'm _just_ hiding from my ISP 's prying eyes;
       | I explicitly don't include the NSA in my threat models and lesser
       | methods are Good Enough(tm) for websites tracking me.
        
         | woofcat wrote:
         | ECH is not starting soon. CloudFlare haven't rolled it out to
         | everyone and good luck finding a constant setup for it.
         | 
         | There are some experimental servers for it, but basically not
         | supported anywhere.
        
       | healsdata wrote:
       | The article appears to be written by a technical person who
       | doesn't understand (or want to acknowledge) how bad end-users can
       | be at security. We're still trying to get users to not reuse
       | passwords on multiple sites and not click on links in SMS
       | messages. Meanwhile, the author is suggesting you contact every
       | website you use and ask them to add HSTS.
       | 
       | Some end-users need straight forward advice like "Use a password
       | manager" or "Use a non-free VPN on open WiFi connections". The
       | rest is going to get thrown out with the bathwater.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | For people with bad security practices... VPNs still have
         | virtually no benefit.
        
       | VeejayRampay wrote:
       | I wanted to use one to watch Gardener's World from the BBC and it
       | doesn't even work (I'm in France and the program is UK-only for a
       | reason that no one really understands)
       | 
       | same goes for watching Netflix from other countries, VPN are
       | badically useless
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | I'd add:
       | 
       | 4. Making all your traffic look "neutral" to your ISP, in places
       | (think corporate / college campuses, cellular data, hotels and
       | boarding schools, not countries) where net neutrality isn't
       | enforced and certain traffic (most often torrenting, video
       | streaming and/or gaming is deprioritized. I guess this could be
       | classified as blocking or censorship, but deserves a separate
       | category IMO.
       | 
       | 5. Places where the networking hardware messes about with your
       | data. I've seen places that would add their own iframes to
       | unencrypted HTML content, which broke some software because their
       | algorithms to detect what was HTML weren't very good.
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | Some college campuses (like the University of Texas system) block
       | tiktok on wifi, so people are using VPN. (They could use cellular
       | data instead, but that is often slower than campus wifi with
       | VPN).
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | Wouldn't a VPN help protect against a targeted attack? Like an
       | attacker could push bad JavaScript or app update to the user of a
       | particular IP address. On DNS, it's plaintext by default, and
       | almost always not signed via DNSSEC. Such user could slightly
       | benefit from a VPN from a security perspective.
       | 
       | VPNs also usually do ad blocking, and some limited malware
       | scanning.
       | 
       | On privacy, there are many situations where a private IP address
       | may be desirable, some of which mentioned in this post. VPN hides
       | the traffic from the ISP, but also the user from the destination.
       | On the latter, for instance, the websites could log IPs and that
       | information could be sold or leak in the future.
        
       | privacyking wrote:
       | In my country ISPs are legally required to store metadata for all
       | traffic so using a VPN protects me from that
        
         | rbut wrote:
         | Yes in AU this, and so websites don't know my real IP, are the
         | only reasons I use a VPN.
         | 
         | I don't ever do anything illegal, I just don't like being
         | tracked.
        
       | pg5 wrote:
       | Plex does not work for me on my AT&T fiber - some peering issue
       | (or intentional throttling?!) that makes movies fail to playback
       | 50% of the time as if I'm on dialup or something.
       | 
       | Got a cheap VPN to get around the issue and it works perfectly.
        
         | sedatk wrote:
         | Yes, AT&T throttles Plex traffic. I don't know if they could if
         | FCC hadn't killed Net Neutrality.
        
       | bazil376 wrote:
       | Heartened to see that porn consumption is one of the few
       | recommended use cases for a personal VPN
        
       | yegor wrote:
       | I run a commercial VPN service (Windscribe). Here are my thoughts
       | on this.
       | 
       | At its core, a basic VPN is a trust shift service, nothing more.
       | Do you trust your ISP less than an some anonymous shell company
       | owned by Siberian forest dwellers? In many cases, the answer is
       | no.
       | 
       | That being said, depending on where you are and if you choose the
       | "right" VPN, the answer could be yes. Here are some reasons why
       | you may want to use a good commercial VPN, which goes beyond just
       | the ability to tunnel your traffic through a remote endpoint:
       | 
       | - You are in Russia, China, Iran or other countries with heavily
       | censored Internet. Over 3 billion people live in such places, or
       | nearly 50% of the world's population.
       | 
       | - If you don't live in such places, laws in certain US states
       | criminalize certain behaviors. This will only get worse, even in
       | "western democracies". Using a quality VPN service is much better
       | than barebacking the Internet.
       | 
       | - You want your traffic to be "lost in the crowd", something you
       | cannot achieve with your Digital Ocean droplet, no matter how
       | well you configure it. Changing your IP does absolutely nothing,
       | safe a few exceptions (piracy, or keeping an alter ego if your
       | opsec is good)
       | 
       | - Additional features: server side DNS filtering / blocking. Yes
       | you can use uBlock origin, but not on mobile, and not outside the
       | browser. Yes you can run Pi-Hole, and setup WG tunnels to your
       | homelab. 99% of people won't.
       | 
       | - Advanced features: Companion browser extensions that block ads,
       | trackers, malicious domains, mess with your browser settings to
       | reduce chances of fingerprinting. Yes you can install 5+
       | different extensions to do that. Most people won't.
       | 
       | TLDR; If you're an elite haxor, you can do everything yourself.
       | You will spend time, and money doing so. Most people will not
       | bother or not be able to do these things, and a quality
       | commercial VPN service can check a lot of the boxes I mentioned
       | above. Just avoid the ones that advertise heavily, those are
       | marketing / snakeoil sales companies, as the author suggested.
        
       | croemer wrote:
       | I use speedify to channel bond wifi and mobile when the wifi is
       | not super reliable. It works great when walking around outside
       | and eduroam works for 20m at a time.
        
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