[HN Gopher] Florence museum won suit against publisher that used...
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       Florence museum won suit against publisher that used Michelangelo's
       David image
        
       Author : josephcsible
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2024-04-13 14:44 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.artnet.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.artnet.com)
        
       | stickfigure wrote:
       | Multinational corporations are going to have it rough in the
       | future, as governments with competing (and sometimes
       | contradictory) interests discover they have the ability to punish
       | corporate behavior anywhere in the world. China is leading the
       | way here.
        
         | ytdytvhxgydvhh wrote:
         | Italy seems to be right there too. Just saw they deemed a car
         | model name illegal because it sounds Italian but isn't made in
         | Italy: https://www.thedrive.com/news/italy-tells-alfa-romeo-
         | its-ill...
        
           | mauvehaus wrote:
           | Wait 'til they hear about the Pepperidge Farm cookies.
        
             | afiori wrote:
             | None of those words sounds even vaguely italian
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | The single most famous one is Milano, and there is also
               | Verona.
        
               | afiori wrote:
               | So Milano and Verona are products in the Pepperidge Farm
               | brand?
               | 
               | I was not familiar with the brand or their product naming
        
           | playingalong wrote:
           | It'd be legal to produce it in Italy outside of the city of
           | Milan. But it's illegal to produce it abroad.
           | 
           | I don't think they even pretend it's not protectionism.
        
           | Affric wrote:
           | Yeah... the Italian badge has to produce the Milano in
           | Italy... absolutely crazy. Marketing guys who want to sell a
           | Polish car should not be able to use the cultural cache built
           | by Italy to do it.
        
             | pyottdes wrote:
             | What are your feelings about the Ferrari California?
        
             | evantbyrne wrote:
             | It's going to take a bit more persuasion to get auto
             | manufacturers to move to an entirely different state than
             | silly rules around names. And while the Italian government
             | fixates on the past, the rest of the world is hooked
             | straight up to the fire hose of American culture, which is
             | to the benefit of Americans.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _while the Italian government fixates on the past, the
               | rest of the world is hooked straight up to the fire hose
               | of American culture_
               | 
               | Most modern Italian culture has direct roots in its post-
               | War boom, with substantial portions having been grafted
               | from Americana, _e.g._ pannetone, parmesan, tiramisu and
               | quite a few  "classic" pastas like carbonara [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ft.com/content/6ac009d5-dbfd-4a86-839e-28
               | bb44b2b...
        
         | ISL wrote:
         | It leads to balkanization -- see Google's total withdrawal from
         | China.
         | 
         | As a consumer, I recently selected a new device in large part
         | because its cloud-affiliated software (and bespoke operating
         | system) was written, stored, and administered in countries with
         | appropriate and ethical legal frameworks. The competition was
         | more feature-complete, but I concluded that I couldn't trust
         | any of those options.
        
           | alsetmusic wrote:
           | Seems more and more that to lead a completely ethical
           | existence means sacrificing luxury, happiness, and time. Or
           | surrender to willful ignorance.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | > to lead a completely ethical existence means sacrificing
             | luxury, happiness, and time
             | 
             | Hasn't this always been true? It's also getting
             | increasingly easy to buy things that meet ethical standards
             | (or more cynically, it's easier to buy things that meet
             | some low bar that someone setup).
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _It leads to balkanization -- see Google 's total
           | withdrawal from China._
           | 
           | True _balkanization_ does not occur in Italy, except Trieste
           | and perhaps parts of Friuli-Venezia Giulia... and I put that
           | in _Italics_!
        
       | lolinder wrote:
       | In order to be able to use these public domain works without
       | paying licensing fees, would a company have to just not do
       | business in Italy or would they have to pull out of the EU
       | entirely?
        
         | Nemo_bis wrote:
         | The court of Venice claimed world-wide jurisdiction. A German
         | court fought back.
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20240410141158/https://www.nytim...
        
       | greatgib wrote:
       | Both this law usage and the reason of complaint from the museum
       | are so stupid.
       | 
       | And I'm not usually supporting big company using public goods but
       | in that case I think that it was legitimate
        
         | xoa wrote:
         | > _And I 'm not usually supporting big company using public
         | goods_
         | 
         | Do you mind if I ask why? I don't see why the size of the
         | entity should matter one bit when it comes to the public domain
         | and human history, nor why some other entity should, even in
         | principle, get a permanent monopoly on artistic expression they
         | played zero role in (or for that matter their polity played
         | zero role in). The physical objects themselves of history are
         | of course by definition limited and necessarily require
         | custodianship and care. But the ideas and imagery they
         | expressed centuries or millennia ago should have long since
         | passed to all of humanity, all of us from the smallest to the
         | largest. It being locked down retroactively is even worse. It's
         | not as if a "big company" using the public domain in any way
         | diminishes anyone else's ability to do so nor the original
         | work.
        
           | pedja wrote:
           | > It's not as if a "big company" using the public domain in
           | any way diminishes anyone else's ability to do so nor the
           | original work.
           | 
           | Not OP, but big companies tend to abuse public goods after
           | they use them. Think of all the DMCA takedown notices that
           | these companies made for people playing classical music.
        
             | not_your_mentat wrote:
             | This is strange conflicted space for me. Were this the
             | case, Disney would have had to produce nothing but original
             | work, which would probably benefit us today but would leave
             | us without the eventual cultural heritage that they
             | produced (if it can ever be pulled from their claws). I'm
             | coming more and more to the conclusion that public domain
             | is very much like other idealogical freedoms I was raised
             | to believe in, which is to say beautiful conceptually but
             | possibly messy and requiring potentially painful sacrifices
             | on the part of individuals if consistency with the ideal is
             | the goal.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Thing is, Disney has profited _immensely_ from public
               | domain, and then they have done everything in their power
               | to restrict public domain as much as possible.
               | 
               | Works have to be released into the public domain, or
               | there will be nothing but licensed regurgitation of the
               | same things.
        
               | olliej wrote:
               | Exactly: a huge proportion of Disney's historical works
               | are for existing stories which had far less IP protection
               | than Disney's _reproductions_ had.
        
           | quickslowdown wrote:
           | I can answer this without even reading past your 2nd
           | sentence. Because large entities are dicks. They'll take this
           | public work for their own uses, and then attack anyone else
           | using it as if they own the exclusive rights. And if they're
           | large enough, they'll essentially steal whatever the work is
           | from the public by using the law and their stable of bulldog
           | lawyers to go after any other entity using the image they
           | feel they own.
        
       | eviks wrote:
       | Does the museum have permission from David?
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | Actually, it's not even David; we know that David, King of
         | Israel, was circumcised, and Michelangelo's David is not.
         | 
         | (What some Italian was thinking of, recycling a Hebrew King
         | into inauthentic art sold for profit on commission, is still
         | quite sus, but them claiming ownership of it is beyond the
         | pale.)
        
           | angiosperm wrote:
           | Technically, to have been circumcised, King David would first
           | need to have existed. However, even without existing,
           | notional David could be _described_ as having been
           | circumcised. Presenting an image uncircumcised, as
           | Michelangelo did, then ought to suffice to, er, sever any
           | proprietary claim, as it cannot then be the same notional
           | David, but another unspecified stand-in David, perhaps akin
           | to the popularly blond and blue-eyed stand-in Jesus.
           | 
           | Jesus, by the way, is described in Paul as having been
           | constructed, after the manner of Adam and of saved souls'
           | post-resurrection bodies (even now awaiting them in heaven
           | against the fore-ordained apocalypse), from aforesaid David's
           | (implied captured and preserved, or allegorical) "seed". This
           | too does not require actual existence. The waiting bodies,
           | notional or manifest, canonically lack anything for foreskins
           | to be attached to or severed from, perhaps a mercy, and
           | presumably navels as well. No forecast is made about nose
           | hair, either way. Jesus, in contrast, as a fertility totem is
           | necessarily endowed. Who would essay to circumcise Him is an
           | open question; theologically, He doesn't seem to need it.
        
         | Karellen wrote:
         | Rights are generally granted to the creator of a work of art
         | (painter, photographer, sculptor, etc...), rather than its
         | subject.
         | 
         | However, given that there will probably be some difficultly in
         | tracking down the subject's model release paperwork, your
         | concerns are likely also valid :-)
        
           | olliej wrote:
           | David (and a lot of such art) was work for hire, so the
           | artist would have no IP rights then or now.
        
       | beej71 wrote:
       | Public domain with license fees? What kind of crazy public domain
       | is this?
        
         | andy99 wrote:
         | It's about the precedent. Without protections like this, it's
         | pretty hard to imagine creators being incentivized to produce
         | new work.
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | Yea Michelangelo hasn't produced in a while now probably due
           | to motivation, it's hard out there for an artist who is just
           | trying to break into the scene.
        
             | HenryBemis wrote:
             | I believe that it's more about protecting the image of the
             | artwork. Imagine using the statue to promote product X.
             | Then imagine that every icon/building/etc. being used to
             | promote something that you/the nation goes against (i.e.
             | the statue in the cover of a porn magazine, or a historical
             | monument to promote the latest crypto-fraud-coin. I
             | understand that the Colosseum, the Acropolis, or the statue
             | of David won't be physically damaged by such an ad, but
             | still..
        
               | darby_eight wrote:
               | You're describing a more restrictive version of a
               | trademark. Why don't they call it such?
        
             | atmosx wrote:
             | Maybe he not that good after all. Sculpting is not for
             | everyone.
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | I'm assuming this is sarcasm.
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | Yeah, because without financial incentive, why would anyone
           | bother to create anything?
           | 
           | Even without protections, creators are going to make new
           | stuff. Without theses protections, maybe a dozen fewer
           | lawsuits will be filed because quite frankly, most people
           | can't afford to pursue legal action, whether or not they're
           | in the right.
        
             | otherme123 wrote:
             | The sad thing is that Michaelangelo was paid to do a lot of
             | his art. And the David was a commision, he was creating art
             | the same we are coding today: not for the copyright, but
             | for a wage. It was financial incentive enough.
        
               | doctorwho42 wrote:
               | So what you are saying is that the statue has been bought
               | and paid for, so why do we need to pay a licensing fees
               | for something made 15-20 generations ago (~510 years ago)
               | that was paid for already.
               | 
               | Do you get royalties for the code you write for work?
               | Will your great-grand(x15-20)-kids get paid royalties for
               | that JavaScript you made last year?
        
           | atmosx wrote:
           | Artists express themselves through their work primarily
           | because of an uncanny need to do so. Not because others are
           | going to pay of it. Most likely people are going to shit on
           | it, which is exactly what happened to Yorgos Lanthimos
           | (hottest filmmaker Hollywood at the moment) until his works
           | reached a wider audience outside Greece, his home country.
           | Wasn't about money. To this day he works only with studios
           | that will allow him 100% "final cut" control.
           | 
           | Are there "frauds" out there? Sure, is it always clear which
           | one is which, no. But at it's core art is the most well
           | established form expression, other than talking, known to man
           | kind since _forever_.
        
         | ronsor wrote:
         | It's not public domain anymore. It's Italy's domain.
         | 
         | Companies should be more willing to stop doing business with
         | countries that produce crazy rulings like this.
        
           | knallfrosch wrote:
           | They could use different images.
        
             | HenryBemis wrote:
             | They could pay the (relatively small fee) before discussing
             | internally and someone with 'authority' saying "f... them,
             | we use it and let them sue us!"
             | 
             | I cannot believe that nobody rang the warning bell about
             | using some photo/material in the magazine, in the whole
             | flow it takes from inception/decision on articles, all the
             | way to the printer.
        
       | primitivesuave wrote:
       | At the end of the article it points out that a foreign toy
       | company was successfully sued for making a puzzle from Leonardo
       | da Vinci's _Vitruvian Man_. I 'm curious what enforcement
       | authority the Italians have over a German company, if any. The
       | court ruling is effectively saying that the historical IP of the
       | Italian peninsula belongs to whichever Italian museum happens to
       | have the original artifact in their possession, but would a
       | German or EU court uphold this?
        
         | Affric wrote:
         | Italian peninsula?
         | 
         | Also it's not conincidental that David is in La Galleria
         | dell'Accademia di Firenze.
         | 
         | It was moved there from its highly symbolic place at the Piazza
         | della Signoria in part due to political implications.
         | 
         | Copyright law in Italy comes with moral rights.
        
           | nilamo wrote:
           | I'm not sure this answered the question. The company is based
           | in Germany. Can they not just ignore the Italian ruling,
           | since they're not in Italy?
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | Someone posted this elsewhere in the thread. It looks like last
         | month a German court said Italy can't actually do that because
         | EU copyright is is standardized at life + 70. The Italian
         | government says they'll challenge the ruling, but I'm having a
         | hard time imagining any court in the EU siding with Italy on
         | this one.
         | 
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20240410141158/https://www.nytim...
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | One of the few areas where USA copyright law is more sane than
       | many other countries.
        
       | nomagicbullet wrote:
       | > _In a statement, the museum claimed that by "insidiously and
       | maliciously [juxtaposing] the image of Michelangelo's David with
       | that of a model," the publisher was "debasing, obfuscating,
       | mortifying, and humiliating the high symbolic and identity value
       | of the work of art and subjugating it for advertising and
       | editorial promotion purposes."_
        
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       (page generated 2024-04-13 23:01 UTC)