[HN Gopher] What is Webb observing now?
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       What is Webb observing now?
        
       Author : janandonly
       Score  : 307 points
       Date   : 2024-04-12 07:29 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spacetelescopelive.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spacetelescopelive.org)
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | This is so very, very cool.
       | 
       | I did hear some horrible news. Seems the funding for the next-gen
       | (or even current maintainence of) Chandra-X ray observatory
       | (space based telescope) won't get approved which is a huge shame.
       | 
       | Maybe politicians could be persuaded by sites like these and
       | greater awareness campaigns to not lose such a worthwhile
       | instrument for science.
       | 
       | And if it does is there an international equivalent maybe via the
       | ESA or another that could make up for it or should the science
       | world suffer because of the lack of US funding?
        
         | system2 wrote:
         | Politics and religion slowed down our space exploration by many
         | thousands of years.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | I... Don't think so?
           | 
           | Soviet Union as a materially poor country will not pour so
           | much money into exploring space if it wasn't so important
           | politically at the moment.
           | 
           | The US was much wealthier, but also skipped space spendings
           | the first moment politics no longer persuaded space
           | exploration.
           | 
           | Stuff like GPS and especially Glonass were also borne out of
           | political goals. Same for ISS.
           | 
           | If anything, the only way we may get to explore solar system
           | is via political push.
        
             | Fremololni wrote:
             | NASA asks for money and politicians say no.
        
               | hunter-gatherer wrote:
               | NASA often asks for money and politicians say yes.
        
               | Fremololni wrote:
               | Yes but that's not the criticism. It's the no saying
        
           | jazzsouff wrote:
           | The post WW2 cold war is what pushed our understanding of
           | space. So actually modern politics helped with that.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | But once the space race to the moon was won - and all major
             | powers had proven they are capable of producing ICBMs - it
             | feels like the energy and financing just went out of it.
             | There's no more political or military gain to be had from
             | space exploration so governments only put in a token
             | amount, and there's only limited commercial gain from e.g.
             | telecom, mapping and navigation, but that's all focused on
             | earth itself.
             | 
             | There's no major financial incentive go to the moon or
             | mars, other than would-be space tourists or colonists that
             | are willing and able to pay for their own trip.
             | 
             | The only way spacefaring could be commercialised is with
             | asteroid mining, and that's a long way away still. The eye-
             | popping "this asteroid could be worth a hundred trillian
             | dollars!!1" kind of headlines are sensationalised to
             | attract investors to fund exploration missions to figure
             | out if the theory matches the practice, but even if it was
             | worth that amount, getting any material back to Earth is
             | currently cost- and engineering-prohibitive. It may become
             | viable in our lifetime, for example if they can get a
             | Starship sized craft there, fill the hold with titanium and
             | return all of it to Earth, but that's a long way away
             | still.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | > There's no major financial incentive go to the moon or
               | mars, other than would-be space tourists or colonists
               | that are willing and able to pay for their own trip.
               | 
               | I don't think there's any incentive at all. What reason
               | is there for anyone to go to Mars other than to say they
               | did, at _enormous_ expense and technical effort? Best
               | case scenario, after spending tens of trillions of
               | dollars, we 're able to build a base that needs continual
               | resupply from Earth and in which you're basically living
               | in a box - you'll never be able to set foot outside
               | except in a suit, worse even than our Antarctic bases.
               | And even then, we can expect long-term health effects.
               | Well, you can live in a box on Earth.
               | 
               | The reason there isn't major funding for space is because
               | most people don't care all that much. It's a nice thing
               | to have, and I wish more people did support increasing
               | this sort of funding, but it's perfectly understandable
               | why most people don't want to contribute significant
               | percentages of GDP to a scifi dream.
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | We're not talking about a vanity Mars visit, we're
               | talking about building an X-ray observatory. The JWST has
               | already been phenomenal, it feels like it's delivering an
               | almost daily barrage of discoveries, many of which are
               | already affecting long standing understandings of the
               | universe. The benefit of these projects is that they
               | actually help us to answer the basic questions of
               | existence in a way nothing else does.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | Yes, as I said, I wish projects like this did have better
               | funding, but the comment I was replying to mentioned
               | going to the Moon or Mars.
        
               | ziddoap wrote:
               | While I mostly agree with what you've said in respect to
               | a Mars base -- I think you are leaving out a critical
               | benefit of these types of endeavors.
               | 
               | The technology invented and/or adapted to facilitate
               | these enormous space projects is very often applicable in
               | other fields or daily life.
               | 
               | Some examples from the past include metallic glass (now
               | used in power plants), translucent polycrystalline
               | alumina (now used in invisible braces), water
               | purification technologies, the coatings used on launch
               | pads was adapted for use in coating steel for high-rise
               | building projects, etc. The list is quite long.
               | 
               | There are hundreds of spin-off technologies, many of
               | which are used daily, which originated from various
               | ambitious space projects.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > But once the space race to the moon was won - and all
               | major powers had proven they are capable of producing
               | ICBMs - it feels like the energy and financing just went
               | out of it.
               | 
               | Quite a few things have been done since then, including
               | the JWST, all the other space telescopes, helicopters on
               | Mars, visits to every planet in our solar system system,
               | ...
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | It didn't end just at the ICBM of course or even the
               | nuclear submarine. Satellite warfare became and is still
               | a huge focus. Of course the public was pitched the
               | maintenance bay of the space shuttle was to repair a
               | peaceful satellite only. However, you can imagine how
               | supremely useful it would be for a modern military to
               | have the capability of deploying sappers and a workshop
               | on any object in earth's orbit as well, which is what the
               | space shuttle system also allowed for.
        
           | iraqmtpizza wrote:
           | science is just a spinoff of philosophy which was religiously
           | motivated. what kind of drug-induced state do you have to be
           | in to think that the Romans would have been flying around the
           | Earth if only everyone thousands of years prior was magically
           | a self-absorbed nihilist
        
             | shigawire wrote:
             | Rude phrasing, you shouldn't do that.
        
           | olddustytrail wrote:
           | Indeed, if they hadn't made the pyramids so heavy they could
           | have been spaceships!
        
       | sneela wrote:
       | Zooming out, panning around, and seeing the milky is... jaw
       | dropping in a way. I know it's silly because we've seen SO many
       | photos of the universe, but I still get the goosebumps every time
       | I think about it. And the detail too! You can _really_ zoom in.
       | 
       | I tried to look for the moon, but it looks like it's not
       | possible:
       | https://old.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rwynmt/could_th...
        
       | regularfry wrote:
       | If I zoom in, I see a reddish mottled pattern. Is that sensor
       | noise, background radiation, or something else?
       | 
       | Similarly, if I zoom out to 30.39 angular degrees, there's a
       | similar-ish green mottled pattern that's very prominent. What's
       | that? It looks like it's got linear features, which might be a
       | stitching artefact of some sort, maybe?
        
         | regularfry wrote:
         | This was the specific target at the time:
         | https://spacetelescopelive.org/webb?obsId=01HTJT20C0STKNZ01K...
        
         | jofer wrote:
         | I'm not an astronomer, but I believe the "mottled red" features
         | are distant objects that are redshifted. Note that they're
         | almost all red no matter where you zoom in. That's the evidence
         | that space is expanding in a nutshell.
        
           | privong wrote:
           | Distant objects do tend to look redder because of redshift,
           | but the mottled pattern is a bit too regular to all be
           | distant galaxies. It's more likely to be the noise in the
           | data used for the red channel (likely the infrared Ks
           | filter).
        
         | privong wrote:
         | > If I zoom in, I see a reddish mottled pattern. Is that sensor
         | noise, background radiation, or something else?
         | 
         | I assume you mean the pattern that is distributed across the
         | general image? That's noise in one of the three filter images
         | used to make the color image. 2MASS imaged in the J, H, and Ks
         | filters (likely mapped to blue, green, and red, respectively).
         | It could be that the choice of stretch is emphasizing the noise
         | in that filter a bit more. Alternately, the noise there could
         | be a bit higher (at the long wavelength end, Ks starts to cover
         | a part of the spectrum where there's appreciable emission from
         | a ~300K blackbody, i.e., the general temperature of things
         | Earth).
         | 
         | > Similarly, if I zoom out to 30.39 angular degrees, there's a
         | similar-ish green mottled pattern that's very prominent. What's
         | that? It looks like it's got linear features, which might be a
         | stitching artefact of some sort, maybe?
         | 
         | Perhaps regions where the image was made using only the H band
         | from the 2MASS survey?
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | So.... pretty much a game of Star Raiders?
       | 
       | https://ia902205.us.archive.org/15/items/a8b_Star_Raiders_19...
        
       | safety1st wrote:
       | Quite fun. I was thinking it would be awesome to have whatever
       | Webb is currently looking at as my desktop background or a
       | website background or something. Glancing through the FF
       | inspector it doesn't look like there is a single image which
       | represents that, though. It looks like a piece of JS called
       | Aladin is stitching together a bunch of 512x512 images. Anybody
       | know more about this?
        
         | andai wrote:
         | I think most operating systems let you set a web page as your
         | wallpaper... or they used to, at least.
         | 
         | Not sure if there's a way to make this site load full screen by
         | default though. And I don't know if the "desktop browser" can
         | run user-scripts...
        
           | _joel wrote:
           | Heh, brought back memories of
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Desktop
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | The other option is to use Chrome/Firefox headless mode and
         | take a screen shot.
         | 
         | You can probably then crop it automagically with some command
         | line image tool to get you an image for your desktop.
        
         | apawloski wrote:
         | Not sure about JWST, but for Earth-observing satellite data
         | it's common to store data in formats that support tiling and
         | ranged reads so that clients are only loading the parts of the
         | dataset relevant to current view.
         | 
         | My guess is something similar is happening here on the other
         | side of that library.
        
       | alex_suzuki wrote:
       | This is amazing. Anyone know if they have some kind of API access
       | for the feed?
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | There is https://github.com/avatsaev/webb-tracker-api which
         | says it gets its info from
         | https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.htm...
         | not sure if it's a content scraper or if there's an API there
         | as well.
        
       | syadegari wrote:
       | +1!! This may sound weird, but I can use this as a mood booster
       | when life gets tough. Side note: I might be biased because I also
       | find it useful to think about the vastness space to trick my
       | brain falling asleep (I watch a lot of video astronomy videos).
        
         | RajT88 wrote:
         | "Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind-
         | bogglingly big it is. I mean, you may think it's a long way
         | down the road to the chemist's, but that's just peanuts to
         | space."
         | 
         | Per wikipedia:
         | 
         | The observable universe contains as many as an estimated 2
         | trillion galaxies and, overall, as many as an estimated 10^24
         | stars - more stars (and earth-like planets) than all the grains
         | of beach sand on planet Earth. The estimated total number of
         | stars in an inflationary universe (observed and unobserved) is
         | 10^100.
         | 
         | IMO, a trillion is a number the human mind has trouble
         | conceiving. We understand it only in an abstract sense - if you
         | try to imagine what a trillion stars looks like in front of
         | you, or a billion, or a million even, most likely you're
         | imagining at best tens of thousands. 10^24 is orders of
         | magnitude more abstract:
         | 
         | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
        
           | bobbob1921 wrote:
           | I have always found the analogy all the grains of sand on the
           | beaches of earth to be something that helps accurately convey
           | large numbers to myself and others. Somethings I've always
           | wondered about this analogy:
           | 
           | 1 - at what depth are they referring to, i.e. if you're at a
           | beach and dig down two feet you're still Coming in contact
           | with sand (and grains of sand). Do these count also?
           | 
           | 2 - if you wade out into the ocean and go underwater, there
           | are also more grains of sand under the water (are these
           | included?). (what about all the grains of sand on the various
           | vast deserts around earth?)
           | 
           | For number two I would assume NO as the analogy says all the
           | grains of sand on the earths beaches a beach.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | As per parents numbers, its way way more than all the
             | grains of sand _anywhere_ on Earth.
        
       | syadegari wrote:
       | Does someone know why the bright stars in the image do not show
       | the hexagonal pattern that is present in published images of
       | Webb?
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I presume it's not a live view of what Webb is seeing but
         | existing images / visualisations from other sources pointing in
         | the same direction Webb is right now.
        
         | delecti wrote:
         | My understanding is that the 6-pointed spike diffraction
         | pattern only occurs on stars, and that the bright points
         | without them are galaxies.
        
         | privong wrote:
         | The background image is not data from Webb; it is a near-
         | infrared image from the 2 Micron All-sky Survey (2MASS). See
         | @skybrian's comment:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40013769
        
       | chilling wrote:
       | What a time to be alive!
        
       | designium wrote:
       | Indeed very cool I didn't know that you could watch them live!
        
         | croes wrote:
         | You can't
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40013769
        
       | lnauta wrote:
       | This is really cool. And having that skymap makes it so much
       | better!
        
       | 7373737373 wrote:
       | I wish there was such an "attention map" for more telescopes
        
       | skybrian wrote:
       | I'm getting the impression that some people don't know what
       | they're looking at. It says "Background: Two Micron All Sky
       | Survey" which you can read about here [1]. This is _not_ a live
       | image. It's just showing you where it's pointing, which isn't so
       | meaningful for most of us. (It's random-looking stars.)
       | 
       | You can read interesting details about the current observation at
       | the top, though. Currently:
       | 
       | * A census of high-redshift kpc-scale dual quasars
       | 
       | * A 49 minute, 55 second observation.
       | 
       | There's a link to the research proposal [2]
       | 
       | Apparently it's a six-month survey of dual (possibly lensed)
       | quasars. Gravitational lensing can cause magnification,
       | distortion, and duplication of the image of whatever is behind
       | it, so this is a way to learn more about very distant (early)
       | quasars.
       | 
       | A quasar is a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy,
       | so this seems like a way to take lensed pictures of a lot of
       | early galaxies?
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2MASS [2]
       | https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/program-informa...
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | Webb won't ever provide a recent view since the images belong
         | to the research group and are only made public when the results
         | are released.
         | 
         | Also, Webb can't provide a video feed since it is taking long
         | exposures, and probably only sends results back to Earth when
         | image is finished. The images are in the infrared and only look
         | good when processed.
        
           | basil-rash wrote:
           | > only look good when processed
           | 
           | Ehh. I personally can't stand all the post processing folks
           | love to make their results look "magazine ready". I think the
           | most minimal transformation possible to map the data into
           | 0xRRGGBB would look the best, ideally with a simple
           | standardized algorithm that doesn't allow for any "artistic
           | license".
        
             | _trampeltier wrote:
             | IR pictures would be not RGB, just black/white (or whatever
             | palette you like). But yes, it would be possible. For ex.
             | from Flir Thermal cameras, you also can output the image
             | just as spreadsheet. You can even choose the values as
             | temperature (which is calculated) or just as energy (what
             | the sensor gets).
        
               | wang_li wrote:
               | Light isn't RGB. We just receptors that react to certain
               | wavelengths. I suspect the sensors on the telescope have
               | a range of wavelengths they are sensitive to. It would be
               | a straightforward translation to shift it to map it to
               | the visible spectrum without varying the relative
               | intensities to accentuate certain aspects of the image.
        
               | Tagbert wrote:
               | The IR may be in a very narrow band. The visible
               | wavelengths have different colors because there are a
               | range of wavelengths that correspond to different cones
               | in our eyes that roughly match red:green:blue sensors. If
               | you shift the IR frequency up into the visible range, you
               | would just get a luminance image (like grayscale)
               | centered on one visible wavelength like red.
               | 
               | False color imaging sometimes applies colors to different
               | luminance levels or sometimes it takes multiple images at
               | different wavelengths and assigns RGB values to each of
               | those wavelengths. The results are informative but
               | require some editorial / aesthetic decisions to produce
               | the best results.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | I encourage you to try some raw file photography and
             | processing. A bitstream from a sensor is not an image and
             | there is no "correct" or "accurate" image from a captured
             | signal.
             | 
             | Think of it like using a linear or log scale for a chart
             | axis: neither is "more correct", neither is taking
             | "artistic license".
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | Poor example, given many photographs shoot raw precisely
               | because it gives them more room for artistic decisions in
               | post. Obviously the standardized algorithm should have
               | basic factors like gamma and general phase shifting
               | incorporated, but the idea of being able to adjust the
               | maps delta between arbitrary adjacent inputs is of
               | questionable benefit to the community. It's akin to
               | adjusting levels via curves with many points, and it'd be
               | incorrect to say folks are taking artistic liberties when
               | they do that.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | It would be nice if they stopped with the false color, and
             | just scaled it to whatever color an astrounaut might see
             | from that point of view.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Given that these images are infrared, that wouldn't be
               | much.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | Besides the wavelength being outside of human perception,
               | an astronaut wouldn't see anything due to the low photon
               | flux. These pictures have a very high exposure time.
        
               | Tagbert wrote:
               | just bring it up in an editor and drop the saturation to
               | zero. That will take it back to a luminance map image.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Everything Webb sees is infrared light, which is invisible
             | to humans, so you _have_ to do some processing to make them
             | look good.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | Yes, that is what the map does. Convert values from one
               | domain to another. That is the purpose of mapping. The
               | point is to make it as simple and consistent as possible.
        
             | tayo42 wrote:
             | That's what they do already. Each wavelength that comes
             | from different atoms gets a different color.
        
           | __egb__ wrote:
           | To expand on this, Webb uses the Deep Space Network (DSN) to
           | communicate with us. It can't stream data back 24/7. There
           | are generally three contacts per day each lasting a few
           | hours, but I believe this is dependent on the scheduling of
           | contacts with other missions that also use the DSN.
           | 
           | Also, the science data that is sent back is a stream of
           | packets from all the data that was taken since the last
           | contact. The packets are arranged for efficient transmission.
           | One of the first steps of the science data processing is to
           | sort the packets into exposures. Often packets for an
           | exposure are split among multiple SSR (which stands for
           | solid-state recorder) files. Sometimes there are duplicate
           | packets between SSRs (data sent at the end of a contact is
           | repeated at the beginning of the next contact). Only when the
           | processing code determines that all expected packets are
           | present--by using clues from other subsystems--can the next
           | step (creating the uncalibrated FITS) begin.
           | 
           | If anyone is interested more details, the packet stuff is
           | based on standards from the Consultative Committee for Space
           | Data Standards
           | (https://public.ccsds.org/Publications/BlueBooks.aspx).
        
             | devwastaken wrote:
             | Is it possible to put an antenna on a roof and capture this
             | data?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Some of it, though no single location is always able to
               | point in the right direction.
               | 
               | The signal is also really weak coming from 30x the
               | distance to geostationary orbit and setup for the DSN, so
               | you need a large parabolic antenna.
               | 
               | https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-
               | communications-...
        
       | VyseofArcadia wrote:
       | I know desktop widgets have been out of fashion for a while, but
       | a desktop widget of this would be great. Or even just a simple
       | XCoffee-style application.
        
       | sentrysapper wrote:
       | This is amazing. I navigated back to some previous targets and
       | saw what looks like some kind of astronomical event, blue
       | clusters lining up to some kind of explosion. Can anyone explain
       | what Webb is seeing to the left of its target here?
       | 
       | https://spacetelescopelive.org/webb?obsId=01HTJT20DRPEDT9DQN...
        
       | Tempest1981 wrote:
       | Hmmm, unfortunate timing:
       | 
       | "Planned Outage - On Friday, April 12th starting at noon through
       | Sunday, April 14th, Space Telescope Live may be unavailable. We
       | apologize for any inconvenience."
        
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