[HN Gopher] Ronda Rousey: "I never wanted to talk about concussion"
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       Ronda Rousey: "I never wanted to talk about concussion"
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 130 points
       Date   : 2024-04-10 15:28 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | hnburnsy wrote:
       | Lawsuit incoming?
        
         | Traubenfuchs wrote:
         | Against who and for what?
         | 
         | How are serious injuries during high impact sports and
         | professional fighting even treated from a legal perspective? To
         | contestants sign waivers? -> "I consent to my enemy breaking my
         | nose, making me lose my eye or tear off my ear."?
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Their minimization of the dangers of concussions cost the NFL
           | over a billion dollars..
           | 
           | https://www.nflconcussionsettlement.com/
        
       | andrewstuart wrote:
       | I recently found out that helmets do nothing to prevent
       | concussion regardless of the sport.
       | 
       | On another topic here is a really great video on concussion in
       | MMA https://youtu.be/EU4AhFFSlLg?si=iaHawCdigvVuKkPe
        
         | Filligree wrote:
         | They still reduce the severity, right? And a single instance of
         | concussion shouldn't significantly harm you. Usually.
         | 
         | For sports, though... yeah.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | It's still a traumatic brain injury and the clinical boundary
           | is fuzzy. A concussion that significantly harms you is just
           | called a TBI so I guess it's denotationally correct that one
           | concussion is fine. Not very reassuring though.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | There are two standards for bicycle helmet and the more
         | stringent one was intended to prevent concussion from a fall
         | from normal riding height. How that works when you hit a car at
         | 15 mph I cannot say.
         | 
         | But those are one and done helmets. The helmet destroys itself
         | to save your noggin.
         | 
         | There was talk of putting blue gel inserts into football
         | helmets to provide some of that same protection but in a
         | reusable form. I don't recall if those became standard though.
        
           | chrisfosterelli wrote:
           | I was going to say "all helmets are one and done" -- I'm a
           | cyclist and I'm so used to the community saying that you must
           | replace a helmet after any impact at all -- but then I
           | remembered in football you just smash helmets together all
           | day and then do it again tomorrow, which seems problematic
           | when you think about it.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Same with baseball helmets and wild pitches.
        
           | whartung wrote:
           | > How that works when you hit a car at 15 mph I cannot say.
           | 
           | Bicycle and motorcycle helmets are primarily designed for the
           | vertical drop, not the horizontal. If we recall our basic
           | physics, impacts have a vertical and horizontal component.
           | The vertical drop from 6+ feet under gravity is the big
           | problem. Most of the time, the horizontal force is the drag
           | of someone slowing down and sliding. There's also the
           | repeated impacts of tumbling to consider.
           | 
           | A horizontal impact mitigation really isn't in the cards. A
           | vertical impact from 6 feet is roughly 15mph. From 15 to
           | 25MPH is almost 3 times the energy, so you can see how it can
           | quickly get untenable to try to mitigate the horizontal
           | impact energy of a rider striking an object.
           | 
           | During a crash, most folks don't strike things horizontally,
           | but they're pretty much guaranteed to hit the ground.
           | Therefore, the helmets are designed to solve the more common
           | problem and most common source of head trauma.
           | 
           | Even though bicycle and motorcycle helmets ostensibly solve
           | the same problem, i.e. melon -> concrete, motorcycle helmets
           | are more robust to deal with the higher speed tumbling and
           | abrasion issues that bicyclists don't really encounter. Plus
           | there's a lot more potential creature comforts in a
           | motorcycle helmet designed for 50MPH travel.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Bike helmets used to have a thick shell like motorcycle
             | helmets but they were a pain in the neck. For adoption and
             | airflow we have gone to thin shells meant more to prevent
             | dings and reduce some of the friction you mention. These
             | helmets weigh less than half of what a Bell helmet used to
             | weigh.
        
         | chollida1 wrote:
         | > I recently found out that helmets do nothing to prevent
         | concussion regardless of the sport.
         | 
         | This is false. Or you misspoke in some way.
         | 
         | New helmet designs do indeed help prevent concussions by
         | deforming to take the blow and lessen the brain movement in the
         | head, hence reducing concussions.
         | 
         | https://theathletic.com/4776016/2023/08/28/vicis-helmets-nfl...
         | 
         | > According to the NFL and NFLPA, the safer helmet designs that
         | have resulted from the innovations of VICIS and other companies
         | have eliminated between 20 and 25 NFL concussions per year over
         | the last five to seven seasons.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | >> According to the NFL and NFLPA, the safer helmet designs
           | that have resulted from the innovations of VICIS and other
           | companies have eliminated between 20 and 25 NFL concussions
           | per year over the last five to seven seasons.
           | 
           | This kind of reminds me of the genre of preschool study where
           | the headline result is cutting the average number of
           | incarcerations per student later in life from 6 to 4.
        
         | JoshGG wrote:
         | False. Helmets are shown to reduce concussion and other head
         | injuries in sport.
         | 
         | For example:
         | 
         | https://ufhealth.org/news/2021/headgear-significantly-reduce...
         | 
         | Female high school lacrosse players are significantly less
         | likely to sustain concussions and other injuries if they wear
         | headgear, a landmark study led by University of Florida Health
         | researchers has found.
         | 
         | Girls who play the sport in states that don't require headgear
         | had a 59% higher concussion rate than players in Florida, the
         | only state with a headgear mandate. The researchers also found
         | lacrosse games were more hazardous than practices: Concussions
         | were 74% higher during competition among players in states
         | without headgear requirements when compared with Florida
         | players.
         | 
         | Those details emerged from data collected during 357,225 games
         | and practices in Florida and other states during three seasons
         | from 2018 to 2021. The findings were presented today at the
         | American Academy of Pediatrics national conference
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | 3 players on my daughter's lacrosse team are out with
           | concussions. I really hope helmets get mandated; for various
           | reasons nobody wants to be the only player in a helmet.
           | 
           | [edit]
           | 
           | I'm also glad there's data; one reason the players are
           | resistant to the idea of a helmet is that they fear that
           | reduced visibility would lead to increased injury.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | > one reason the players are resistant to the idea of a
             | helmet is that they fear that reduced visibility would lead
             | to increased injury.
             | 
             | They are definitely right about that. The point of the
             | helmet is to make injuries less serious, not less frequent.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | But a 37% reduction in concussion rate (as implied by the
               | Florida data) could make increased frequency of other
               | injury worth it; if the effect on concussions were
               | negligible, then wearing helmets would be a net-negative.
        
               | JoshGG wrote:
               | No. They do both, and that is directly shown in this
               | study and in other studies. They eliminate many types of
               | injury and make others less frequent.
        
         | slg wrote:
         | >I recently found out that helmets do nothing to prevent
         | concussion regardless of the sport.
         | 
         | Saying they "do nothing" isn't completely true, at least based
         | off more recent designs, but it is generally true that helmets
         | are less effective than most people think. The problem is that
         | your brain can move around in your skull so there is only so
         | much you can do by adding protection outside of your skull.
         | Think of it like putting an egg in a glass jar. Adding padding
         | to the outside of the jar might be enough to save the egg in a
         | single drop, but it isn't going to stop the egg from breaking
         | if you shake the jar.
         | 
         | There is also the fact that safety equipment impacts behavior.
         | Someone wearing a helmet is going to be more cavalier with
         | their head than someone not wearing a helmet. It is possible
         | this effect completely cancels out the slim benefits of a
         | helmet which has caused some people to argue that a game like
         | American football would actually become safer if helmets were
         | outlawed. The main obstacle there is that we absolutely would
         | see a rise in acute injuries like fractured skulls and those
         | are tougher to ignore than the chronic brain damage that might
         | take decades to reveal itself.
        
         | rurp wrote:
         | Similarly, it's a common misconception that boxing/mma gloves
         | are there to make the sport safer when it's actually the
         | opposite. They allow the wearer to throw many more and harder
         | striks without injuring their hands, while not actually
         | protecting the opponent at all.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | I think you'll find there's a wide space between "do nothing to
         | prevent" and "prevents all" and, depending on the sport and
         | helmet design, helmets live mostly in that space.
         | 
         | Gridiron football has large, quick people starting facing each
         | other, often getting hit from the blind-side, and no helmet is
         | going to prevent all (or even most) concussions in those
         | situations, which is part of why the NFL has (very belatedly)
         | attempted to address things with rules changes.
         | 
         | Sports that involve being intentionally hit in the head
         | repeatedly (like MMA or boxing) are going to be much worse. You
         | still see people wearing helmets in friendly sparring matches
         | for those sports because it can prevent freak-accident
         | concussions that happen in such a context.
        
         | martinky24 wrote:
         | This is wildly misinformed, and I'm curious of your "source". I
         | presume it's nowhere near as reputable as stuff coming out of
         | places such as the VA Tech Helmet Lab.
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | This depends on the level of hit that the sport causes, how
         | often it happens, and the type of helmet and the design goals
         | of that helmet.
         | 
         | A motorcycle helmet or auto racing helmet will do a much better
         | job at preventing a concussion than a football helmet and is
         | designed for bigger hits against harder surfaces.
         | 
         | But no one wants to replace a motorsports style helmet after
         | every play that causes a hit on the helmet in a football game.
         | Hence they wear football helmets, which are designed to be much
         | less protective for a single large hit but to be able to
         | protect against sustained smaller hits.
         | 
         | Realistically I think this is the elephant in the room for
         | football. The NFL could afford to have each player go through
         | hundreds of helmets a season and they would be well protected.
         | But as soon as the NFL admitted that was needed everyone would
         | demand it for college and high school, and it would be too
         | expensive and fewer people would play football.
        
         | callamdelaney wrote:
         | You are absolutely right, at least as it relates to combat
         | sports.
         | 
         | Getting punched in the head is pretty unpleasant, so you try to
         | avoid it - but with headgear on the sting dulled significantly
         | - it hurts less but your brain is still absorbing a huge amount
         | of that energy. This makes fighters take more shots to the head
         | than otherwise, and this is why english amateur boxing rules
         | now have removed headguards.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | I've taken close to ten years' of martial arts training, but I
       | don't watch MMA because the judges consistently allow about two
       | more head strikes than necessary before intervening. In a lot of
       | the footage I have seen, that's going from 2-3 to 4-5 which is
       | egregious. Every single takedown ends up looking like a boxer
       | getting trapped in the corner and massacred, and I don't like
       | those either. In fact I think boxing ring corners should be
       | treated like fouls in baseball and count toward a TKO.
       | 
       | In MMA, if someone's head is bouncing off the mat then you should
       | be grabbing the opponent's elbow immediately.
        
         | djtango wrote:
         | It's really hard to call - see how much push back you also get
         | from fighters when the ref calls it too early and so much
         | stakes are on the line.
         | 
         | Some extra awareness will hopefully help
        
           | acover wrote:
           | Fighters will try to hide broken arms and try to continue the
           | fight.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Adrenaline makes you stupid. And fighters may be using PEDs
             | that make them even dumber.
             | 
             | We didn't catch Lance Armstrong using PEDs for something
             | like eight years.
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | Adrenaline does make you stupid, but years of training
               | makes you smart. The reason you train so intensively is
               | that when the adrenaline is up you will fall back to
               | muscle memory.
               | 
               | They're not being stupid by continuing the fight and
               | trying to hide injuries. They are trying to get a w
               | instead of an l, and sometimes that just means you need
               | to keep the fight going another minute or two until the
               | time is up. That can literally mean the difference
               | between having a successful career and retiring with a
               | mediocre record. It can be the difference between a shot
               | at the world title, versus being on the free undercard
               | fights. Fights. They are making a calculation, and
               | probably the same one I would make in their same
               | situation. It is very easy to look back on the reckless
               | youth as being stupid. Fortunately, I have enough
               | recording of myself from that era to see that I actually
               | had thought it through pretty well, I just didn't realize
               | how bad it could be in the future. But, if I had a world
               | title under my belt, none of my current maladies would
               | feel nearly as bad :-D
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | We train the fighters to go until the ref tells you to
               | stop, for similar reasons to what you already
               | illustrated. Which is why I blame the refs and the
               | committee. They know exactly what goes through your head
               | when you're in a fight and it's their job to keep your
               | opponent relatively safe. And they aren't, which is why I
               | don't watch.
               | 
               | But wanting to continue when even your coach knows it's
               | over is a kind of pressure sale situation. You're in the
               | moment and sort of trapped, and having a concussion and a
               | brain full of adrenaline makes you have even worse
               | judgement.
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | Agreed.
               | 
               | I blame the committee, only partially the refs since the
               | refs aren't makign the rules.
               | 
               | To be clear my disagreement was with the parent that said
               | adrenaline made the fighters stupid.
        
               | thefaux wrote:
               | What is the deeper meaning of being a world champion
               | fighter? I pursued a risky sport for many years myself
               | until I was struck by the utter hollowness of it. How
               | would my winning benefit anyone besides me? What was the
               | purpose beyond self exaltation? How was this the best use
               | of my short time on earth?
               | 
               | For me, I can hardly think of a worse use of a life than
               | fighting for sport. There is not a single fighter on
               | earth I would trade places with. Not one.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | What sport? Simply asking out of curiosity?
        
               | shrimp_emoji wrote:
               | *As Saladin* Nothing... Everything.
               | 
               | What's the deeper meaning of getting heart disease and
               | myopia by sitting at a computer learning how to be a good
               | programmer?
               | 
               | What's the deeper meaning of doing anything? It's all
               | temporary vanity. In a million years, even the Pyramids
               | will have worn away!
               | 
               | It's all ships in bottles to keep us busily interested
               | til we die. :D
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | It's inspiring.
               | 
               | When I consider how Naoya Inoue fought 11 rounds with a
               | broken orbital socket I am profoundly inspired by the
               | heart he demonstrated and his will to win - his focus and
               | his skill to change strategy mid fight.
               | 
               | It's easy to handwave his ability to fight through pain
               | thanks to adrenaline... until you try it for yourself.
               | 
               | It's inspiring to know just how much we can overcome
               | ourselves if we want something enough.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | You gotta be pretty far down the nihilism hole to wonder
               | about the deeper meaning behind being a world class
               | athlete.
               | 
               | My girlfriend was a martial arts trainer for a few years,
               | and many of the girls she worked with cited Ronda
               | specifically as their inspiration. They're not competing,
               | this is a hobby, but they're doing it because they were
               | inspired by people like Ronda.
               | 
               | I just envy their discipline...
               | 
               | I have to ask, what's your ideal life look like?
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Sometimes the process is an end in itself. A constant
               | focus on "what's this good for?" can turn into a toxic,
               | hollow mindset itself. Taken to an extreme, everything
               | becomes just a stepping stone to a final action of death,
               | which makes the practice of living rather pointless.
               | Oliver Burkeman has some good thoughts on how to get out
               | of that mindset.
        
               | chrisfosterelli wrote:
               | Obviously PEDs are bad but IMO non-falsifiable
               | accusations about athletes using them are uninteresting.
               | You can always claim (and someone usually is) that an
               | athlete is dirty and just hasn't been caught yet for some
               | reason.
               | 
               | Slightly off-topic though; you're acknowledging that they
               | might contribute which isn't unfair here.
        
               | silverquiet wrote:
               | I assume that all professional athletes are on PEDs of
               | some sort (I read awhile back that essentially all tennis
               | players are on some heart medication that is allowed and
               | they probably don't all have a heard condition). I don't
               | think they care about what is legal, just what is
               | detectible. The incentives are just too big for them to
               | abstain.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | I think there's a loophole with endurance athletes and
               | asthma medication as well. But I would not immediately
               | think, "mood or judgement altering" there.
               | 
               | We are still looking at whether over the counter pain
               | killers are mood altering substances. I've seen
               | circumstantial evidence of this in myself. (Though I
               | don't think I'd want me or a friend to fight on
               | painkillers - reduced coagulation and bruises are no
               | joke).
        
               | chrisfosterelli wrote:
               | You're maybe thinking of Meldonium, which is banned. The
               | drug was developed in the 1970s and is a very common OTC
               | sale in eastern Europe. It was banned in 2016 when WADA
               | decided it was possible it could be able to act as a
               | performance enhancer. Maria Sharapova, a tennis champion,
               | made the news later that year when she tested positive,
               | and received a two year ban which was later shortened
               | when the court determined she had originally started
               | taking it years ago in good faith on a doctor's
               | recommendation. About two hundred other athletes from
               | eastern Europe across different sports received positive
               | tests shortly after the ban as well, a lot of which were
               | reversed when it turned out they were detecting use from
               | 2015 (it takes months after use for it to stop showing on
               | tests).
        
               | silverquiet wrote:
               | That is indeed what I was thinking of, but I remember
               | that she was also on other drugs that were approved (and
               | she was not alone in that).
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | My view is this.
               | 
               | Suppose that there are enhancement drugs. They work, and
               | a lot of competitors are using them. Then it becomes far
               | more believable that the current champion is enhanced and
               | has managed to hide it, than that someone who is not
               | enhanced has miraculously managed to beat the entire
               | field of people who have such a big advantage.
               | 
               | My view lead to me being certain about Lance Armstrong
               | years before he was caught.
        
               | chrisfosterelli wrote:
               | I agree, given "they work" and "a lot of competitors are
               | using them", the rest follows logically. But those
               | assumptions are simplistic, they do some very heavy
               | lifting and are typically presented without evidence.
               | 
               | The most effective doping agents are often the easiest to
               | detect, and modern anti-doping programs like the
               | biological passport and whereabouts program are very
               | effective. It's no reason to be complicit -- the science
               | continues to evolve, athletes who go awry will continue
               | to get caught, and athletes who follow the rules will
               | continue to have to work hard to stay within the
               | boundaries (it is not trivial to stay within WADA
               | guidelines even as an amateur athlete; a lot of people
               | who get medical treatment for a common issue would
               | violate the rules a few times over without realizing it).
               | 
               | But to look at an entire sport and disregard them all as
               | cheaters without evidence does nothing but encourage
               | young athletes to feel like they need to risk their
               | health in order to compete and belittle the
               | accomplishments of clean athletes. We need to hold
               | cheaters accountable, not throw in the towel.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | Is there any reason to doubt that performance enhancing
               | drugs enhance performance? The science on that has been
               | clear for decades. It would make no sense for people to
               | give a list of citations on such a well-known fact every
               | time.
               | 
               | I agree that "a lot of competitors are using them" is an
               | assumption. In the case of Lance Armstrong, so many other
               | bikers had been caught before him that it was no longer
               | an assumption. But that does vary by sport.
               | 
               | I entirely dismiss the argument that our tests catch
               | cheaters. There have just been too many examples over the
               | years of athletes getting away with cheating for years.
               | At this point the burden of proof is on those who think
               | we're catching them. In fact as articles like
               | https://www.shu.ac.uk/news/all-articles/features-and-
               | comment... show, anonymous surveys show that most
               | athletes are getting away with it.
               | 
               | All that said, I agree on holding cheaters accountable.
               | And think we should go farther. If someone who trains
               | with you gets caught, you should also be punished. On the
               | assumption that there is a chance you were just not
               | caught, and if you weren't doping, you likely knew and
               | didn't tell. That would create social pressure to not put
               | your teammates at jeopardy. And I think THAT would
               | finally end cheating.
        
               | chrisfosterelli wrote:
               | > Is there any reason to doubt that performance enhancing
               | drugs enhance performance?
               | 
               | Haha no, definitely not. For clarity, we're talking about
               | banned substances, which isn't always the same thing as
               | performance enhancing drugs. It is actually debated
               | whether a lot of the WADA banned substances are
               | performance enhancing drugs; but WADA would rather
               | athletes don't take things that could be harmful to them
               | because they _might_ enhance performance so they tend to
               | err on the side of adding things they worry about or have
               | evidence of athletes abusing.
               | 
               | Moreso, I mean that it's simplistic to assume that the
               | type and amount of illegal substances you can get away
               | with while skirting an increasingly aggressive testing
               | framework will be sufficient to be the world champion.
               | There's a risk tradeoff here and a million variables in
               | high performance training -- athletes put their entire
               | career on the line when they take banned substances and
               | get no guarantee of return. Take the recent case of
               | Collin Chartier in triathlon: reached #14 in the world,
               | started doping over the off season, caught within a few
               | months of use, and career is now over.
               | 
               | > In the case of Lance Armstrong, so many other bikers
               | had been caught before him that it was no longer an
               | assumption.
               | 
               | Right, and once they're caught, they're banned. They are
               | no longer a "competitor who is using them". Your logic
               | makes an assumption that the population that is left just
               | hasn't been caught yet, rather than that their negative
               | tests actually indicate a lack of doping. And that is an
               | assumption.
               | 
               | > anonymous surveys show that most athletes are getting
               | away with it
               | 
               | These surveys come up with numbers showing anywhere
               | between 1% and 70% of athletes have consumed a banned
               | substance. Remember that weed is a WADA banned substance
               | that 50% of the US population has tried. These studies
               | are glorified guesses that vary depending on the wording
               | they use.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Greg LeMond has evolved into my Fred Rogers of athletics.
               | Every time either of them is in the news my first thought
               | was, "please don't be bad news".
               | 
               | The fact that Greg was such a brittle rider - a god one
               | day and barely finishing another - gave me hope that he
               | was legit. The fact that he has focused in retirement on
               | cheating cemented that for me.
               | 
               | Last I heard he was trying to watchdog riders sneaking
               | small electric motors into their bikes. Even 50 watts is
               | a lot of boost for a cyclist.
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | Jeez I can kind of overlook PEDs insofar as you're still
               | kind of the one doing the training and the race but
               | sticking a motor into your bike - like what even is the
               | point anymore.
               | 
               | Why not bring a gun to an MMA fight while they're at it
               | too
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | The point for (many/most) is to get the sweet victory,
               | get rich and famous. It doesn't matter if you cheated or
               | not, your ape brain will find reasons why you deserved to
               | win anyway.
        
               | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
               | They might also just be trying not to lose their career
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | They aren't stupid they're just trying to make a career
               | of it. Even though I think more work needs to be done on
               | this issue, I do understand how things got this way.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | Which PEDs make them dumber?
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Anything that affects the adrenals reduces higher order
               | thinking.
               | 
               | And steroids make you not only dumber but more violent.
        
               | reaperman wrote:
               | This is refuted by Chapter 3[0] ("Violence") of the book
               | "Testosterone" by Rebecca M. Jordan-Young and Katrina
               | Karkazis.
               | 
               | Scientific American agrees[1] that violence is not
               | correlated with testosterone:
               | 
               | > _" When aggression is more narrowly defined as simple
               | physical violence, the connection between [testosterone
               | and violence] all but disappears."_
               | 
               | Another study finds higher testosterone promotes pro-
               | social behavior[2].
               | 
               | Personally I've found that rather than androgens being a
               | mediator of violence, estrogen seems to be a much
               | powerful inhibitor of rage/violence-potential. Low
               | estrogen causes particularly difficult-to-control
               | emotions. Generally when someone is taking high amounts
               | of steroids they are likely also taking anti-estrogens
               | (blocking testosterone's conversion to estradiol).
               | 
               | This low estradiol, _due to another drug, not steroids_
               | seems to be what most often causes violent emotional
               | dysregulation. Generally not testosterone or other
               | androgens without anti-estrogens.
               | 
               | Perhaps my TRT is making me extremely dumb though ;-)
               | 
               | 0: https://lithub.com/it-turns-out-theres-not-a-lot-of-
               | science-...
               | 
               | 1: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-
               | but-true-....
               | 
               | 2: https://news.emory.edu/stories/2022/08/esc_testosteron
               | e_anim...
        
               | Sheeny96 wrote:
               | > PEDs that make them even dumber.
               | 
               | Tell me that you have no idea about physiology without
               | telling me.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | I think the argument is that if you can't defend against 3
           | head shots in quick succession, you've lost, period. As in,
           | that should be a statutory definition of losing a match.
           | 
           | It would change the strategy of the sport, but it may help
           | prevent brain damage over time.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Pretty much my sentiment. In a bar fight with no friends
             | acting as referees, these rapid head shots could easily be
             | a precursor to a 3rd or even 2nd degree murder charge.
             | You're not going for a win anymore, you're trying to
             | inflict permanent damage.
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | Fighters need to be protected here regardless of what they
           | think. You can find videos of people being put completely to
           | sleep, waking up, and going right back to fighting like
           | nothing happened. They are unaware they were even put out.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > It's really hard to call - see how much push back you also
           | get from fighters when the ref calls it too early and so much
           | stakes are on the line.
           | 
           | What would make sense would just be to disallow head strikes.
           | Hit your opponent in the head and forfeit.
           | 
           | Or you could go in the other direction, and let fights be to
           | the death.
           | 
           | What's the benefit of the middle ground? If you want to see
           | what works in a fight, it's crippling the other guy. If you
           | don't want people to be crippled, you probably shouldn't
           | allow crippling them in the future either.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | There are several sets of rules of kickboxing variants that
             | do not allow any kind of head strikes, but they are not
             | popular. I agree that such rules are the only acceptable
             | with the exception of the matches between professionals who
             | are fully aware of the risks, but who are willing to risk
             | their health against an appropriate compensation.
             | 
             | Among the sets of rules that allow head strikes,
             | traditional boxing is the worst.
             | 
             | It is much more dangerous than any kind of kickboxing or
             | MMA, because the boxers have few methods to defend
             | themselves and few other means of winning, except by a
             | knockout that is easiest to achieve by a head strike. Even
             | during the Greek antiquity, pancration (i.e. MMA) was
             | considered to have a much lower risk of injury than
             | pugilism (i.e. boxing).
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | TIL pankration had striking...
               | 
               | But they distinguished between that and stand up striking
               | aka pugilism? Though the latter is a Latin word hmm
               | 
               | I'd be very uninterested by non head striking martial
               | arts.
               | 
               | Martial Arts is a search for truth. It's not _only_ about
               | fighting as it is also about discipline, self
               | improvement, peace, community and some spritualism
               | 
               | But if you care about combat them you have to fight/spar.
               | No point pretending taichi is a combat skill if no one in
               | two generations or more have applied it practically.
               | 
               | MMA is the closest we can get to a controlled safe arena
               | to facilitate that search for truth.
               | 
               | Do what works. Love him or hate him, the Conor McGregor
               | shoulder punch was a great moment of reminding people
               | that the spirit of MMA should be formless.
               | 
               | For that reason I find it frustrating that UFC has banned
               | 12oclock elbows and football kicks and grounded knees.
               | Not because I want to see people's heads getting smashed
               | but because the obvious desire to not get struck by those
               | would promote less risky takedowns and would probably
               | make the sport less wrestling dominant.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | Most ancient Greek games, including the Olympic Games,
               | had 3 separate competitions of combat sports, wrestling,
               | pankration and pugilism. Some people competed in more
               | than one of them, so pugilism was usually scheduled to be
               | the last of the 3, because otherwise those injured in
               | pugilism would not have been able to compete in the
               | following competition.
               | 
               | Pankration allowed striking, kicking, wrestling and
               | submission grappling, so it was very similar to the MMA
               | of today.
               | 
               | However, the pankration fighters did not bandage their
               | hands with leather straps, like the pugilists, so they
               | were not able to hit as hard the head of the opponent.
               | 
               | Moreover, they had plenty of other options for winning a
               | match, so striking was not as emphasized as in pugilism,
               | which remains true today in MMA vs. boxing.
        
           | NegativeK wrote:
           | I don't think that sports that pay people to suffer violence
           | should have a place in modern society.
           | 
           | I know that this would ruin multiple billion dollar
           | industries as we know them (boxing, MMA, gridiron football,
           | more), so nothing substantive will change, but in my opinion
           | there's a grotesque conflict when we're paying people to put
           | up with TBIs, broken bones, et cetera.
           | 
           | There are sports where violence and injury are clearly not
           | the goal but aren't negligible, such as racecar drivers and
           | baseball pitchers, and I don't know how to approach those --
           | but violence as sport seems far more clear cut.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | I don't understand why they don't use more gear, like
             | helmets, and perhaps disallow head strikes and other
             | dangerous moves like in other martial arts tournaments. It
             | seems like the brutality is the point. Then again, the NFL
             | has concussion issues but they aren't trying to punch each
             | other. In any case, it seems toxic to allow this violence
             | for sport.
        
               | kevinmchugh wrote:
               | Headgear is used in some combat sports, including Olympic
               | boxing. It makes the head a bigger target, which means
               | the head gets hit more. Those strikes may be less severe,
               | since they're cushioned. But taking more hits is bad.
               | 
               | There certainly are sports that ban head strikes. Certain
               | forms of karate, for instance. Fight fans _like_ seeing
               | heads get punched, and they like seeing knock outs.
               | There's not currently a very big market that wants to see
               | fighting without head strikes.
        
               | NegativeK wrote:
               | > Fight fans _like_ seeing heads get punched, and they
               | like seeing knock outs.
               | 
               | I think that's a huge symptom of my point. You can strip
               | out tackles from football and make MMA way safer, but the
               | large MMA competitions are popular because they're closer
               | to two people doing whatever they can to win a fight than
               | something more restrictive, like karate or wrestling. As
               | you mention, the fans will be pissed at safening the
               | sport, and I'd almost bet money that the vast majority of
               | the fighters would be pissed as well -- just like I've
               | seen plenty of coworkers and workers in other industries
               | get angry at OSHA regulations, even the ones that are as
               | ridiculously straightforward as labeling the bottle of
               | formaldehyde so someone doesn't spritz it around a
               | clinic.
        
               | kevinmchugh wrote:
               | I think people have different thresholds to watching
               | violence, and there's a spectrum from cartoon violence to
               | street fights to war footage. My mom doesn't like to see
               | punching, even in cartoon form. I enjoy everything as
               | long as it's consensual, fair, and well compensated (so
               | not street fights).
               | 
               | The most common preference is somewhere between a Captain
               | America movie and a John Wick movie, I think.
               | 
               | Folks who can't stand to see real violence wish it just
               | didn't happen, the way I wish street fights didn't
               | happen. But you're not gonna get anywhere offering what
               | an MMA fan understand as an inferior product. And the MMA
               | fans know there's karate and wrestling and BJJ to watch,
               | they just aren't as interested in it.
               | 
               | I don't try to rationalize it much. I know most people,
               | especially in the circles I'm in, can't stand to look at
               | it. I don't mind that.
               | 
               | The idea that society has moved past the need for violent
               | spectacle or something just doesn't work for me, because
               | I enjoy the sport. And plenty of other people do, too
               | 
               | Fighters for the most part are going to do what will make
               | them the most money. If the fans are there for knockouts,
               | they're gonna go for knockouts. If BJJ tournaments
               | offered the same money making opportunities that MMA
               | does, a bunch of fighters would very happily switch
        
               | winphone1974 wrote:
               | It doesn't have to be this way though. Women's basketball
               | doesn't have as much violent contact as the men's game
               | but is a better spectator sport IMO. women's hockey is
               | also great without the crushing blows and no fights. Flag
               | football is fun to watch as it's all about the offense
               | and big defensive plays, not the crippling Hits. Aussie
               | rules football has hitting but nothing like rugby or
               | American football and it's a superior experience for the
               | fans. I like the NFL and UFC but there are options if you
               | don't.
        
               | Delk wrote:
               | The thing is, some people _like_ full contact sports. And
               | not just watching them but doing them. If you stripped
               | tackles out of football or body checks out of ice hockey,
               | that would make it a different sport, not just for the
               | spectators but (much more importantly) for the athletes.
               | Nobody makes it to a high level in a sport without
               | actually wanting to do that particular one.
               | 
               | Full contact but restricted martial arts also exist and
               | mitigate risks by limiting the range of allowed
               | techniques. Some of them do it in different ways than
               | others. Judo is full-contact but disallows strikes, which
               | makes it massively different than something with strikes.
               | Semi-contact karate avoids the full-contact part, which
               | makes it different in a different way.
               | 
               | Full contact practically always comes with risks, and
               | full contact with fewer restrictions comes at much
               | greater ones. Spectator expectations or other parts of
               | culture may encourage the athletes to take risks and go
               | to greater lengths than they otherwise would. But it's
               | difficult for me to agree that modern society should have
               | no place for sports that mentally healthy people actually
               | want to participate in just because it comes with a risk
               | of physical injury or intentional roughness. If they
               | wanted to participate in a different sport, they'd have
               | options.
               | 
               | In the end it's of course a matter of where to draw the
               | line. Rather few people would nowadays want to allow
               | fights to the death even if the participants wanted that.
               | (Although, in reality, I don't think such a sport would
               | get that many willing and actually voluntary participants
               | either.)
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | You are right, brutality is the point, it is what sells.
               | It would be much less appealing for large amount of
               | crowds to have everyone in soft helmets with no stakes.
               | It appeals to a certain set of raw desire that humans
               | have within them, shaped by natural selection.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Violence is part of the human condition. I find it bizarre
             | and disturbing that some people are so cut off from this
             | reality that they want to artificially eliminate violence
             | altogether.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Would you have a problem with modern gladiator games
               | where combatants fight to the death?
               | 
               | If so, then you agree with the person you responded to,
               | you just want to draw the line in a different place.
        
               | winphone1974 wrote:
               | I don't think I have a problem with the concept, but do
               | with someone who feels this is their only option,
               | organizers making money off of this and viewers who would
               | demand this and pay for it. Individuals taking extreme
               | personal risks? No problem with that.
        
               | NegativeK wrote:
               | > so cut off from this reality
               | 
               | That feels like an ad hominem, but I'll focus on what I
               | think your point is.
               | 
               | I don't really have a problem with amateur MMA, etc. But
               | paying people for violence as a sport isn't just
               | acknowledging it; it's encouraging it. And it's
               | encouraging athletes to push themselves into injury, some
               | of which is life destroying.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | If paying people to fight is not artificial violence,
               | what possibly could be?
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | To be clear, I'm not claiming to be a martial arts expert, just
         | that I _should_ be in their target demographic and why I am
         | not.
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | I think that being a practitioner of the sport has less to do
           | with being in the target marketing demographic than you might
           | otherwise imagine.
           | 
           | Their target demographic is people who will pay to see a
           | violent spectacle. There are certainly people who find
           | violence thrilling in martial arts, but there are a lot of
           | people who have never done any training, who are uninterested
           | in learning that running away is your best defense or how to
           | de-escalate a tense situation, who have a credit card and
           | want to see someone get punched in the face until they're
           | bloody. That's who MMA producers and refs are targeting, not
           | you.
           | 
           | I'm a kiteboarder and a skier. Do you think that the stores
           | with Dakine luggage or North Face jackets at the mall (which
           | feature prominently-placed posters of people kiteboarding and
           | skiing) are really intended for me? No, they're intended for
           | people who wish to send social signals that they are wealthy,
           | stylish and adventurous.
           | 
           | It's the same with (a subset of) Nascar fans - Many are
           | uninterested in karting time trials that might be more
           | approachable to more amateur participants in motorsports, but
           | they'll on the TV every Sunday hoping to see a big crash, and
           | the same with (a subset of) NFL and NHL fans - they just want
           | to see someone's head bounce off the turf/ice.
           | 
           | That spectacle is what's for sale, it makes money in a way
           | that 10 years of patient practice does not.
        
             | djtango wrote:
             | I find UFC a bit crass and I've definitely lost interest in
             | it over the years.
             | 
             | I prefer ONE which feels a bit more pure. I like how they
             | promote mutual respect between contestants and some of the
             | highlight reels celebrate restraint (look up Xiong maybe).
             | 
             | Combine that with their same approach to cutting weight and
             | I think they're a much classier promotion.
             | 
             | Sometimes UFC and boxing feels like soaps for male
             | dominated fangroups. But boxing is just so beautiful
             | sometimes
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | That's the McGregor effect. Both the fighters and the org
               | realized that they get a lot more sponsorships and
               | audience with the WWE drama. Most fighters have a short
               | and injury prone career so I don't blame them for trying
               | to make some money. There are still plenty of fighters
               | who don't take part in the nonsense
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | Yeah, I love BJJ and rarely watch MMA. Striking just isn't
             | that interesting to me. Give me a submission only BJJ match
             | and I'll watch the whole thing though. But, I've also been
             | training for years so I understand all the intricate
             | movement that's happening.
        
             | 48864w6ui wrote:
             | ...and then there's always Rollerball
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | You're probably right. I'll sometimes watch videos for
             | local or regional competitions, or particularly noteworthy
             | ones from larger events, but have zero interest in high
             | production value footage.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | I agree that MMA allows too many punches, but it is better than
         | what happens in boxing. One solid punch in an MMA fight usually
         | ends it. The refs should be faster at getting there, but that's
         | better than people who get to beat to a twilight in boxing, but
         | never quite get knocked out.
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | The fans get pissy when they end the fight "too early". Just
           | look at the comments after Pereira VS Prochazka. Some
           | fighters do come back up after a beating and have an amazing
           | resilience (to their long term health detriment)
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | If this wasn't the case, the entire Rocky franchise
             | wouldn't have a premise.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | I could see it working with boxing treating someone trapped in
         | the corner as a knockdown (1 point deduction) and moving them
         | back to the middle. Nothing will truly prevent concussions in
         | heavyweight fights though, a single punch coming from an
         | unexpected angle can be enough there.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I don't think it will prevent concussion but it might prevent
           | career ending fights.
           | 
           | Some guys would be proud of ending someone's career but it
           | doesn't sit well with everyone. And a couple people have died
           | after a fight. I don't know of any stories where the other
           | fighter felt anything but terrible about it.
        
         | jtriangle wrote:
         | I've taken to just watching pure BJJ for that reason. Much more
         | intricate, still violent, but, because there's no striking you
         | don't see that many head injuries.
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | > judges consistently allow about two more head strikes than
         | necessary
         | 
         | I don't agree that consistently is the right word. I've
         | certainly seen more extra hits than necessary, but good refs
         | step in fast and with authority. Perhaps you watched lower rank
         | fights with less experienced refs?
        
         | harimau777 wrote:
         | I place equal blame on the fighters who keep throwing punches
         | at someone who is obviously out. If they don't have the self
         | control to stop then they have no business learning martial
         | arts.
        
           | lostdog wrote:
           | There have been a few cases where someone looked out, the
           | fighter stopped throwing punches, and got knocked out
           | themselves. That's why it's common to keep going until the
           | ref stops the fight.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | Big armchair energy on this one. In practice in a high stakes
           | high adrenaline competition neither party is very able to
           | keep track of their opponent's (or sometimes even their own!)
           | physical & mental state with this degree of finesse.
           | 
           | Combat sports are an ancient discipline existing across
           | distinct and varied human cultures and every mature form
           | acknowledges this constraint by having a third party to
           | referee the match.
        
             | harimau777 wrote:
             | If they want to call it "combat sports" then that's fine.
             | If they want to call it "martial arts", then part of that
             | title is self control. Any of the times that I've fought I
             | was expected to be in control of myself and stop if
             | necessary.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Yeah sensei, you're expected to stop when necessary.
               | You're not expected to determine _when_ it is necessary
               | to stop, that responsibility falls on the referee during
               | competition.
        
               | Rapzid wrote:
               | Well the discipline is referred to as "mixed martial
               | arts" AKA MMA. And the relevant definition of "martial"
               | is "of, relating to, or suited for war or a warrior".
               | 
               | I'm not sure your distinction has any material
               | significance here. As others have pointed out, the
               | referee is there to stop the fight and the fighters are
               | trained to continue until the such a time.
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | Yeah. In war it's either you kill or you will be killed,
               | so what do you expect in something that is meant to
               | simulate that.
        
           | Sheeny96 wrote:
           | It's up to the referee. UFC fighters get half their money as
           | a win bonus, and the lower ranked fighters on the card can be
           | earning 6k show, 6k win, fighting 3 or 4 times a year. With
           | the costs of training, sports nutrition etc etc, that win
           | bonus can be the difference between feeding their family or
           | not, and many of them come from poor backgrounds so know what
           | that feels like. A fighter isnt going to take that chance and
           | stop when the referee hasnt stepped in, and give their
           | opponent oppertunity to recover.
        
           | rqtwteye wrote:
           | That's not how it works. There are plenty of examples where a
           | fighter faked being hurt or they recovered quickly .
           | "Obviously out" is very rare.
        
             | Delk wrote:
             | This may be different than being out, but I also don't
             | think it's rare to see a fighter only make glancing blows
             | at a downed opponent. Sometimes it's obvious they don't
             | actually try and hit hard at that point any more, and are
             | rather avoiding making real blows at a defenceless
             | opponent, although they do obviously want to secure the win
             | so they don't just stop in their tracks.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | > _they have no business learning martial arts_
           | 
           | Let's not fool ourselves. They are mainly prize fighters,
           | despite the "martial arts" name of the sport.
        
         | mtalantikite wrote:
         | Yeah, I train Muay Thai and I've never gotten into watching MMA
         | for similar reasons. I don't even really like all the
         | "entertainment" Muay Thai with 4oz gloves that One has been
         | promoting, it feels like they really want the blood and higher
         | risk of injury to draw a crowd. I recently was watching some
         | more traditional, older Muay Thai fights with a friend who
         | doesn't train, and they found it somewhat boring, probably
         | because they're not seeing what someone that has trained is
         | seeing. In entertainment Muay Thai I've seen refs let knees to
         | the head slide when it's clear the person is already knocked
         | out and they're on their way to the canvas.
         | 
         | Recently there was an interview with Takrowlek Dejrat [1] and
         | he talks about how defense was something that they spent a lot
         | of time with first as kids training, which is different than
         | this generation of fighters. Which I find to be true in my own
         | training, I often feel like working on defense is something we
         | only drill as an after-thought to offense.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsDfdeQ5iRM
        
           | djtango wrote:
           | The old way was very slow. You don't rock the boat in rd 1 or
           | 2 and the winner is known by rd 5 and the "victor" takes the
           | foot off the pedal to assert dominance.
           | 
           | Then there is a somewhat mutual respect and understanding
           | between fighters that while they want to win they don't want
           | to get injured cos back then people may be fighting weekly.
           | None of this 3 month fight camp and skipping and ducking
           | fights for years that people like Mayweather did.
           | 
           | And then I never quite understood why but once everything was
           | rigged by gambling circuits it all became very clinch
           | dominant.
           | 
           | Not to mention that the traditional scoring also does not
           | favour muay mat (punchers).
           | 
           | Chatri wants to make martial arts more entertaining because
           | no one wants to see people just pull guard in BJJ or grab
           | each other's legs in Judo. And why should only practitioners
           | of Boxing see these huge purses when Buakaw and Saenchai
           | stayed essentially poor.
           | 
           | Also very traditional muay thai/boran fights were done with
           | kard cheuk anyway which aren't much different from those 4oz
           | gloves...
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | Yeah, the need to fight weekly definitely had a lot to do
             | with the style back then. As for the gambling circuits, my
             | trainer once told me that the bookmakers didn't like
             | surprise knockouts that could mess up their numbers, so
             | rules and style changed. Maybe that has something to do
             | with clinch being dominant, you certainly could get taken
             | out with an elbow or knee in the clinch, but maybe less so.
             | I do love watching old Petchboonchu fights though, it's
             | amazing watching him clinch.
             | 
             | That's fair about kard cheuk being like the 4oz gloves,
             | I've seen some fights with them, but like you said hands
             | never scored as high, whereas One scores things equal these
             | days iirc.
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | I don't know that 4oz gloves are the problem. Boxers have
           | more brain damage if anything and they wear 10oz for their
           | fights. Gloves protect the hands and wrists and your face
           | from cuts I feel like
        
             | kevinmchugh wrote:
             | Bigger gloves are useful for defense. You can catch a lot
             | with big gloves that you can't with little ones.
             | 
             | What's gonna matter most is how the athletes train, how
             | hard they get hit in sparring. A very long professional
             | career might be 30-50 fights, but that's thousands of hours
             | of training. If you're spending much of that sparring hard,
             | even if you don't get many concussions, the cte is going to
             | build up
        
               | sebastiennight wrote:
               | What's the "cte"?
        
               | kevinmchugh wrote:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encepha
               | lop...
        
               | YawningAngel wrote:
               | Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
        
           | slingnow wrote:
           | Are you seriously telling me that a sport that allows elbow
           | and knee strikes to the head has become more dangerous
           | because they reduced the weight of the gloves? Have you
           | thought about this for a second?
           | 
           | And the mention of your "untrained" friend being unable to
           | enjoy a traditional Muay Thai fight the way _you_ can just
           | reeks of some kind of odd elitism. My guess is you saw a
           | topic about fighting on HN and couldn't wait to tell us all
           | that you trained.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | Punches didn't score as high in older Muay Thai, whereas
             | they score equally under One rules. So you didn't see as
             | much straight hand striking in golden age fights. They
             | certainly used them, but they didn't count towards your
             | points as much.
             | 
             | With 4oz gloves you don't have as much to work with in your
             | guard, so punches can slip through a lot easier. On the
             | other hand they protect the hand less, so some fighters are
             | more apprehensive throwing with them on. The small gloves
             | definitely feel like they leave a lot more repeated damage
             | to the face, whereas a clean headkick is probably going to
             | result in a KO. Obviously neither are great if we're
             | talking about concussions!
             | 
             | I can only speak from my own experience, but I never
             | enjoyed watching fights until I started training. Once I
             | started training and began understanding the rule set, I
             | started seeing what was going on. I don't think that's
             | controversial, when you have experience in something your
             | eyes are a little more open. Watching and training is for
             | everyone though! Nothing elite about it all, just a lot of
             | showing up and putting in the work. It's definitely the
             | hardest thing I've ever done physically.
        
             | pxc wrote:
             | > And the mention of your "untrained" friend being unable
             | to enjoy a traditional Muay Thai fight the way _you_ can
             | just reeks of some kind of odd elitism.
             | 
             | It's a pretty common thing. Sometimes highly technical
             | music doesn't have that appealing an aesthetic to the
             | average person, but to other musicians it's very impressive
             | because of how hard it is to play, or how unusual it is on
             | a theoretical level. There's lots of stuff in life that's
             | like that. Isn't the appeal of most spectator sports partly
             | buoyed by memories people have of playing those sports as
             | kids or young adults?
             | 
             | I don't think it's hard to believe at all, nor elitist.
             | Everyone has things they'll notice more details about
             | because they have experience with them.
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | Some points:
         | 
         | - The judges just score the match and sit outside the ring.
         | They do not have the power to stop a fight. The referee is
         | supposed to intervene.
         | 
         | - It's a common misconception that fight referees belong to the
         | UFC. For fights, an athletic commission is responsible for
         | refereeing. In most fights, this is the Nevada State Athletic
         | Commission.
         | 
         | - The UFC has been quite vocal and registered many formal
         | complaints with NSAC when a referee allowed too many punches
         | before stopping a fight. There was that referee that I'll only
         | mention by first name, so I don't get sued: Steve.
         | 
         | - It is my opinion that professional MMA fighters need some
         | sort of independent organization that oversees their well-being
         | and assures they get proper medical care. It should be funded
         | from fight profits. Things like what's happened to Spencer
         | Fisher should not be happening.
        
           | logro wrote:
           | > an athletic commission is responsible for refereeing
           | 
           | This sounds a bit like a distancing attempt.
           | 
           | Surely those referees follow the rules of UFC. So ultimately
           | UFC is responsible no matter which entity enforces the rules.
        
             | bumby wrote:
             | > _Surely those referees follow the rules of UFC._
             | 
             | I may be wrong, but I think it's the other way around. The
             | commission sets the rules and hires the referees to enforce
             | them. Dana White has be openly critical of certain referees
             | and made it clear he'd fire them if he could. The UFC must
             | follow the rules of the commission. I believe that's why
             | some past fights could only occur in certain jurisdictions,
             | and with modified rules. The unified rules of MMA are set
             | by commission voters, not the UFC [1].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.ufc.com/unified-rules-mixed-martial-
             | arts?languag...
        
             | lagniappe wrote:
             | You have it reversed.
        
             | dfxm12 wrote:
             | No, UFC follows the rules of the relevant athletic
             | commission and they only use referees (and judges, and
             | timekeepers, etc.) licensed in that jurisdiction. UFC
             | famously moved a fight from NV to CA because NV wouldn't
             | license Jon Jones to fight after a drug test: https://www.e
             | spn.com/mma/story/_/id/25603991/ufc-232-moved-l...
             | 
             | "Unified rules of MMA" were developed at the state athletic
             | commission level (NJ maybe?), but not everywhere implements
             | them: https://www.mmafighting.com/2019/4/16/18358920/abc-
             | survey-at....
             | 
             | The ending of one fight in TX had betting implications
             | because of their odd rules.
             | https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/6/21/23177038/texas-
             | commiss...
        
             | Gibson_v1 wrote:
             | "Unified Rules" is followed by MMA organizations in the
             | USA. It's a set of rules most state athletic commissions
             | have agreed on over the years. It is a horrendous rule set
             | and judging system for MMA.
        
           | lagniappe wrote:
           | steve mazzagatti
           | 
           | - https://www.sportskeeda.com/mma/news-some-worst-calls-
           | steve-...
           | 
           | - https://www.mmafighting.com/2013/8/22/4644264/on-official-
           | is...
        
             | sfjailbird wrote:
             | I always wondered why he was not refereeing anymore.
             | Instead, he now sits as a ringside official. I guess he
             | failed up.
        
           | soared wrote:
           | Coaches can also stop the fight at any time, but of course
           | they tend to never do that
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | With the speed those guys hit, I imagine it'd be pretty tough
           | for a referee to stop them before they've gotten an extra
           | couple strikes in. It's an inherently dangerous activity, and
           | sort of hard to mitigate that fact. I guess they could
           | disqualify a fighter who hit their opponent in the head more
           | than _n_ times in a given match, or even make the head out of
           | bounds altogether. Something tells me that 's not an action
           | the UFC would take willingly, or that UFC fans would accept
           | happily.
        
             | gloryjulio wrote:
             | > head out of bounds altogether.
             | 
             | That's how you get kyokushin style tournament. The problem
             | is people want the head to be part of it, even the fighter
             | themself. It's just a tough sport considering human only
             | live once
        
         | swader999 wrote:
         | Valid points but isn't any punch to the head likely to cause
         | issues, even mild concussion? And then repeated blows over a
         | career likely lead to long term problems?
        
       | instagib wrote:
       | Oof. The thing no one wants to talk about. Repeated concussions
       | are bad news.
       | 
       | >>Most of the year I would be having concussion symptoms. There
       | are grades of severity but my worst was being thrown on the back
       | of my head at the Pan-American [Judo] Championships in Argentina.
       | I completely blacked out till the next morning."
       | 
       | Rousey's concerns were ignored. "I'd be treated like I was
       | complaining about a headache. People would say: 'Your head hurts?
       | Suck it up. What if your head hurts during the Olympics?' That's
       | how I was taught to deal with it from a very young age. It became
       | a way of life."<<
        
         | enahs-sf wrote:
         | Judo as a sport has now gone out of its way to prevent this
         | moving forward. Head diving for techniques and defense is now a
         | disqualifying penalty and every coach and black belt (at least
         | in the US) is required to maintain up to date concussion
         | training annually.
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | She seems like an interesting person, not the crazy brute "they"
       | made her sound like in her losses in UFC.
       | 
       | Concussions should be taken seriously. The idea of waving off a
       | rattled brain as a headache, and keep playing through, makes me
       | cringe in the literal sense.
       | 
       | I've had 3-4 of them, and I worry about my memory and mental
       | performance over time. I'm only in my mid 30s.
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | She had a successful and undramatic judo career before MMA. She
         | was well respected in that sport from what I can remember.
         | 
         | UFC isn't professional wrestling or anything but western combat
         | sports have a tradition of a bit of theatricality and
         | showmanship to them. Those are probably real elements of her
         | personality to some extent, but choosing to visibly play them
         | out was surely as much a marketing decision as a personal one.
         | 
         | By contrast judo tends to be skeptical of that sort of
         | presentation, and as a judoka it wasn't very apparent in her
         | interactions.
        
         | ilikecakeandpie wrote:
         | She sucks though, she's a Sandy Hook truther and her husband is
         | awful too
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Was she like that before her brain got scrambled?
        
       | Traubenfuchs wrote:
       | The consequences of repeated head injuries from sports and
       | fighting are well known and understood since 1920.
       | 
       | Doing impact sports (football!) professionally or fighting
       | professionally and staying healthy is just not possible without
       | neutering the sports. Maybe this should be made even clearer.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encephalopat...
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | My mom had a concussion in the 1960s and was repeatedly told by
         | her doctor that she was not to do any activities that put her
         | at risk of another head-injury for at least 6 months because
         | sequential concussions are so bad.
         | 
         | You can imagine her reaction when the NFL played stupid with
         | "we had no idea the players needed so long to recover" 40 years
         | later.
         | 
         | I think helmets were, to a large degree, merely there so that
         | the fans could pretend players weren't getting concussions as
         | often as they really were. Boxing fans (and non-fans) are aware
         | that getting hit in the head a lot is bad, but there aren't
         | enough boxing fans in the US to fill a single NFL stadium, much
         | less 16 a week.
        
           | jjeaff wrote:
           | interesting, I just thought they were cumulative. I didn't
           | realize there is an increased risk if they are closer
           | together.
        
             | Traubenfuchs wrote:
             | > closer together
             | 
             | Not necessarily: The increased and stacking vulnerability
             | to brain damage after concussions might not go away ever. I
             | don't think this has been researched.
        
               | chimeracoder wrote:
               | > Not necessarily: The increased and stacking
               | vulnerability to brain damage after concussions might not
               | go away ever. I don't think this has been researched.
               | 
               | There are some permanent cumulative effects of
               | concussions, though it's pretty well-accepted that
               | repeated concussions in close succession (without
               | sufficient time for recovery) is worse than concussions
               | that are spaced out. Second impacts are much more likely
               | to have serious consequences, including death, than
               | initial impacts of similar magnitude[0].
               | 
               | You'll never get "definitive proof" of this because a
               | double-blind study would be extremely unethical (let
               | alone impractical), but there's enough understanding of
               | the underlying science to make this conclusion relatively
               | safely.
               | 
               | In short: repeated head injury is bad regardless of how
               | much time is allocated to recovery in between and has
               | some permanent cumulative effects, but repeated head
               | injury in short succession (for some definition of
               | "short") is markedly worse.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-impact_syndrome
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | Regardless of whether or not they are increased in risk
             | when closer together, the concussion protocols the NFL has
             | in place now treats them as if they are, and the medical
             | community has long (as in many decades) suspected they are,
             | a fact which the NFL feigned ignorance about.
        
           | Traubenfuchs wrote:
           | I always overestimate the medical knowledge of the average
           | person, but then again, the average person goes to a concert
           | without ear plugs and laughs about their tinnitus next day.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Boxing fans (and non-fans) are aware that getting hit in
           | the head a lot is bad, but there aren't enough boxing fans in
           | the US to fill a single NFL stadium, much less 16 a week.
           | 
           | There used to be. Boxing used to be huge. I've seen the
           | theory floated that the reason boxing died as a spectator
           | sport was precisely that all the fans got to watch their
           | heroes lose their minds.
        
             | bjourne wrote:
             | Nah, boxing is huge outside of the US. The lack of interest
             | is due to the lack of good American boxers. After
             | Mayweather retired there haven't been much.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | Did they all go to MMA? There have been a lot of fighters
               | in the last 10 years with great boxing in addition to
               | their other skills. Someone like O'Malley or Pereira
               | probably would've done fine in boxing if that was his
               | only focus
        
           | methodical wrote:
           | > there aren't enough boxing fans in the US to fill a single
           | NFL stadium, much less 16 a week.
           | 
           | Do you have any proof for this at all? The most anticipated
           | boxing matches usually get over a million pay-per-view buys,
           | not including the tickets sold for the actual arenas.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | And the Superbowl gets over 100M viewers -- a two-orders-
             | of-magnitude difference.
             | 
             | [edit]
             | 
             | Yes, there are literally more than 80,250 (MetLife
             | stadium's capacity) fans of boxing in the US. However e.g.
             | the Kingdom Arena (location of Fury v. Ngannaou) seats
             | about 30,000. If there were a 17 week boxing match season
             | in the US, it clearly would be a much smaller draw than
             | gridiron football, and that doesn't even include the
             | college game, which has 8 stadiums that seat over 100k (and
             | 6 more that are larger than MetLife).
        
               | methodical wrote:
               | PPV Sales can't be compared to Super Bowl viewership
               | numbers, considering there's a pretty significant
               | difference between watching something included with your
               | existing TV subscription versus paying another $50+ to
               | watch a one-night event. I'm not trying to argue that
               | boxing matches are necessarily on the same level of
               | viewership as the Super Bowl, but you can't compare them
               | directly like that. I'm also not arguing that boxing
               | could sell out NFL stadiums over multi-week spans, I'm
               | directly arguing the point that "there aren't enough
               | boxing fans in the US to fill an entire NFL stadium",
               | which is completely false.
        
         | screenoridesaga wrote:
         | Except not really, I wouldn't be surprised if CTE is actually
         | higher in non-athletes, nobody is checking the mass majority of
         | these people. The insurance companies always make accident
         | related CTE into another illness so it's impossible to say, but
         | look outside the US. A LOT more realistic stats.
        
         | nojvek wrote:
         | Should clarify which football. For most of the world football
         | === soccer and that is a much safer sport where career athletes
         | don't end up with concussions.
         | 
         | American Football, like Australian Rugby is a much more violent
         | sport.
        
           | mrmuagi wrote:
           | I read somewhere that heading the ball could cause
           | concussions aswell since it's many micro-concussions that add
           | up?
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | Yes, I definitely read that too. It was about bouncing the
             | ball with your head. It's a normal and common element of
             | this sport.
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | There's no way soccer/football headers aren't causing
           | concussions.
           | 
           | Here's some hard data.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9748028/
        
       | logifail wrote:
       | > Rousey had suffered so many concussions in judo that she knew
       | her brain could not withstand multiple more blows to the head.
       | 
       | Perhaps it's a background in science, but whenever I read a
       | sentence like that I always expect to find it ending with a
       | footnote linking to the reference demonstrating some evidence for
       | the claim that's just been made.
       | 
       | Then I remember that a journalist (or her [sub]editor) doesn't
       | need to bother with stuff like that.
       | 
       | A pity, really.
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | It's not that journalists can say whatever they want with no
         | oversight. It's describing her own understanding & perception
         | of her risk profile at a certain point in her career. A more
         | meticulous editor might quibble about what is being implied by
         | "she knew" there, but it's not like they're making shit up and
         | trying to sell it to you here.
        
           | logifail wrote:
           | > It's describing her own understanding & perception of her
           | risk profile [..]
           | 
           | Q: Is she an [ex-]MMA fighter or a neurologist?
           | 
           | > it's not like they're making shit up and trying to sell it
           | to you here
           | 
           | Not wishing to sound unnecessarily snarky, but she _is_
           | selling her book.
           | 
           | I can't help but feeling that the process looks like: press
           | release > journalist > article > clicks.
           | 
           | Some days, the clicks seem to be all that matters.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | It's clear to the reader that it's her point of view. It's
             | assumed the reader is a mature social creature who
             | naturally considers context, the speaker, their knowledge,
             | etc., not a credulous empty vessel that just accepts
             | whatever is poured in.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > It's clear to the reader that it's her point of view
               | 
               | I'm not sure how the author is supposed to have any idea
               | that due to "so many [previous] concussions [they knew
               | their] brain could not withstand multiple more blows to
               | the head". A PhD in neuroscience? Maybe it's just
               | pseudoscientific claptrap that seems be being lapped up
               | by other sports fans.
               | 
               | If you actually think your brain had already been
               | damaged, you'd stop doing contact sports immediately and
               | completely, not somehow keep going but fighting harder
               | and faster, Ethan Hunt style. Of course it's amazing that
               | she "can now share her secret"... <rolls eyes>
               | 
               | "Her ferocity was built on a hidden vulnerability" is
               | about as believable as your average Hollywood movie plot.
               | A gripping story to push a new book, that's all.
               | 
               | Complete and utter nonsense.
        
       | whatamidoingyo wrote:
       | I boxed a lot from 11-14. It was what my group of friends did for
       | fun -- boxed each other as well as trained in a professional
       | setting under a coach. There was this one kid in particular that
       | was known to be a troublemaker. I was hanging with some friends
       | and that troublemaker was there.
       | 
       | The neighbor (a grown man) was hanging outside when the
       | troublemaker started trash talking the guy for no reason. "Put
       | the gloves on and box me, p*y!" After about 10 minutes of that,
       | the guy agreed. Punched the kid a few times in the head. He was
       | done.
       | 
       | We walked down into town and the kid asked us how we got there.
       | He had no recollection of us walking down the street. Scary
       | stuff. From then on, he became even worse. Last I knew he was in
       | jail.
       | 
       | I'll never forget that. The headaches I got after sparring were
       | eye openers and I quit. Jiu-Jitsu is much friendlier in regards
       | to your brain, but probably worse for your spine, elbows, and
       | knees... Have to train something, though. Nobody should be the
       | gardener in a war.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | BJJ is really what you make of it. I'm older, so probably tap
         | quicker than necessary when training but my ego was beat out of
         | me a long time ago hah. I'm also not competing, and I'm
         | selective with my training partners. It makes BJJ one of the
         | safest sports I've done outside of finger injuries.
         | Snowboarding, wakeboarding, basketball, and football all hurt
         | me way more to the point I 'retired' from them /knocks on wood.
        
           | whatamidoingyo wrote:
           | Oh yeah, for sure. I started training consistently at 24 (28
           | now), and used to train every single day, sometimes 2-3 times
           | per day. My body was quickly worn down! Especially after
           | entering a competition gym -- where the focus was live rolls
           | only.
           | 
           | Nowadays, I stick to technique based learning and lightly
           | spar. Never competed, never will. So yeah, don't be stupid
           | like me and BJJ will be kind to you. :)
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | > It makes BJJ one of the safest sports I've done outside of
           | finger injuries.
           | 
           | As a developer I vastly prefer no-gi because gi grips totally
           | wreck the fingers.
        
             | rsync wrote:
             | This is a good observation ...
             | 
             | I am primarily a gi player but no-gi is much, much easier
             | on every part of your body.
             | 
             | When you have the gi it can be used as a handle, or a
             | lever, and there can be very little slip ... but skin on
             | skin slips and gives a lot and is much more forgiving.
        
               | lawn wrote:
               | Oh yeah, good call. It's so painful to have someone
               | hanging down on you with their whole body weight. You can
               | get so much leverage with the gi when done correctly...
        
               | thtmnisamnstr wrote:
               | I'd dispute that. No gi is not easier on the knees,
               | ankles, or shoulders IMO. The slipperiness compared to gi
               | comes with the downside of sudden slipping movements that
               | put your knees and shoulders at higher risk of injury and
               | dislocation. The increased focus on leg attacks also puts
               | your knees and ankles at higher risk. Add to that the
               | seeming slant towards more explosive movements in no gi,
               | and the overall risk of injury should be higher than gi.
               | You likely see more injuries in gi, because way more
               | people train gi than no gi still.
               | 
               | Note: I train gi and no gi and have been for almost 10
               | years. My biggest injury happened in the gi (broken
               | hand), but I've had significantly more ankle and knee
               | sprains and shoulder dislocations in no gi. Also, the
               | morning after no gi feels like I got hit by a truck
               | compared to the morning after gi.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | For me, it's not gripping that kills my fingers, it's
             | randomly getting them caught in material. Even a loose
             | fitting rash guard on an opponent has caught my finger.
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | I had a colleague who was an Air Force neurologist during the
         | Vietnam era. His main job was to study pilots' EEGs to make
         | sure they had a very low risk of epilepsy (because, of course,
         | having a seizure in a fighter jet is very very bad).
         | 
         | Well, back in those days, boxing was part of the training, even
         | for pilots who would never see hand-to-hand combat. My
         | colleague found that pilots who had their EEG scans after a
         | boxing class were _far_ more likely to show epileptiform brain
         | activity.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Since Air Force pilots are officers, they should have been
           | given a more aristocratic marital art, like fencing.
           | 
           | Saber fencing especially is pretty quick. Which is probably
           | what they'd like--at least, I don't _think_ the Air Force
           | would like to promote a mentality of taking a few hits and
           | slugging through.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Unfortunately the most aristocratic art has the most
             | concussions -- horseback riding.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | At least those are generally accepted as a terrible
               | accident, and not an expected and accepted part of the
               | sport.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Ian Millar (who represented Canada in the 10 Games of
               | 1972, 1976, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, and
               | 2012) shows that unlike boxing and bull riding, most
               | equestrian disciplines don't involve hoping to retire
               | before the brain damage catches up with you.
               | 
               | (also my understanding of the curve, based on our
               | national level hospital statistics, is that a substantial
               | fraction of the really bad wrecks happen to people with
               | under 500 hours)
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | mmm. Depends on what you consider the "sport."
               | 
               | My wife's a horse trainer. I could go down a long list of
               | injuries of various severity that she's suffered over the
               | years. There's at least one concussion (that I know of!)
               | in there and a solid whack to the face that drew lots of
               | blood but no other noticeable injury.
               | 
               | And that reminds me of the software developer I used to
               | work with who was also previously a horse trainer but
               | switched to software after being run over and breaking
               | five ribs.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, this stuff _is_ considered expected and
               | accepted [shrug].
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | I'm assuming most riders aren't trainers, though. That
               | seems like a different and likely riskier activity than
               | riding an already-trained horse?
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | ?porque no los dos?
               | 
               | https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/37431/t
               | rai...
               | 
               | (I have heard that WWI era air bases had signs "no spurs
               | in the cockpit" but am not sure that these aren't just
               | modern retconned "collectibles")
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | Sabre (the wrong decision now beats the right one later)
             | would be more air cav?
             | 
             | I _think_ the Air Force would prefer epee (full court
             | press: first mistake loses).
        
             | rm_-rf_slash wrote:
             | The common joke in the military is that the Air Force
             | builds the golf course before the runway.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | I got a concussion one time during a saber match when my
             | opponent "accidentally" hit me in the side of the head with
             | the guard after the pass...
             | 
             | But I'm very unlucky with concussions. I once got one in a
             | swim meet for running head first into the wall. So ymmv.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | As long as it's not Kendo
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendo).
             | 
             | Back when I trained, I remember going home with headaches
             | because as senior student, my job was basically to stand in
             | front of a line of junior students who took turns whacking
             | me in the head :-)
        
           | psunavy03 wrote:
           | And this is why aviators have a truism: you can't win at
           | Medical. You can only break even (walk out with the same
           | medical clearance you had when you came in) or lose (walk out
           | without it).
        
         | mikub wrote:
         | "Nobody should be the gardener in a war. "
         | 
         | But your Jiu-Jitsu won't help you much when bombs gonna fall on
         | your head, so better keep a nice garden if you can. ;)
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Given what we're seeing with drones nowadays, the martial
           | arts with the most military applicability are probably hide
           | and seek and hiding under the blanket.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Jiu-Jitsu
           | 
           | Apropos of nothing much, where does that first I come from in
           | "jiu-jitsu"? It's not present in the Japanese, but for some
           | reason it appears in Portuguese even though the original
           | vowel is a monophthong.
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | Found this article that has some info:
             | https://unm.wsrjj.org/spelling.pdf
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | That article has some mistakes in its details.
               | 
               | For instance the first article about ju-jutsu and judo
               | that was written by Jigoro Kano and translated into
               | English by T. Lindsay in 1888, has used the spelling
               | "Jiujutsu", i.e. neither "jujutsu" (as written in this
               | article) nor "jiujitsu".
               | 
               | In Japanese kana, in the 19th century, before the
               | spelling reform that happened after WWII, the spelling
               | was "jiyuu-jiyutu". The Japanese spelling might have
               | suggested the writing of an "i" after "j" in the Latin
               | transcription.
               | 
               | In the corresponding Latin alphabet spelling "jiu-jitsu",
               | the reason why a "u" has been preserved from "jiyuu" but
               | no "u" has been preserved from "jiyutu", is likely to
               | have been because the first "u" is long, so it is
               | pronounced clearly, while the second u is short, which in
               | modern Japanese is pronounced without rounding the lips,
               | so it does not sound like a "u". It also does not sound
               | like a "i", because it is a back vowel, but English or
               | French do not have this vowel, so they can render it only
               | as either "u" or "i", and it appears that the choice has
               | been random, because all variants are encountered in the
               | old publications.
        
             | Dwedit wrote:
             | There is no "Ju" in Japanese, it's Ji+yu. ziyu or ziyu.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | The modern transcription rules distinguish between Latin
               | alphabet "ju" (written with small "yu") and Latin
               | alphabet "jiyu" (written with big "yu" in kana).
               | 
               | So there exist both "ju" and "jiyu" and they are
               | distinct. In "juu-jutsu" there are only "ju", there is no
               | "jiyu" (the latter can appear only in compound words).
               | 
               | Before WWII, in kana there was no distinction between
               | "ju" and "jiyu" (there was no small "yu"), so you had to
               | know that the word written as "jiyuujiyutu" must be
               | pronounced "juujutsu", in the same way like you had to
               | memorize many other differences between the old Japanese
               | spelling and pronunciation (e.g. yahara => yawara, osahe
               | => osae, kuwatu => katsu and so on).
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | You present old tu => new tsu as a difference in the
               | Japanese spelling. Is it? I had the impression that "tsu"
               | is just a western transcription, the reformed Japanese
               | spelling is still "tu", and the sound sequence "tu" does
               | not exist, being obligatorily "tsu".
               | 
               | Isn't that why English words ending in -t or -d get
               | transcribed into Japanese with a final vowel of -o rather
               | than the -u that is used for other final consonants?
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | "Tsu" is the Hepburn romanization, "tu" is Kunrei-shiki
               | (and the older Nihon-shiki). The latter is nominally the
               | official standard Japanese romanization, though there is
               | currently a proposal to change this to Hepburn, which in
               | practice is much more commonly used. This is strictly
               | about transliteration, not about pronunciation. The
               | pronunciation has always been "tsu".
               | 
               | You are right about the transliteration of English words
               | into kana.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | I have not presented differences in spelling, but
               | differences between the kana spelling and the
               | corresponding pronunciation, which were much greater
               | before WWII.
               | 
               | The kana syllables are grouped by their consonant, so a
               | direct transliteration would use the same Latin consonant
               | for all kana in a group, e.g. "ta-ti-tu-te-to", but when
               | it is desired to suggest the English pronunciation, like
               | in the Hepburn transliteration, that corresponds to "ta-
               | chi-tsu-te-to".
               | 
               | Before WWII, the kana spelling corresponded to a much
               | older Japanese pronunciation, from about one thousand
               | years ago, so there were much greater differences between
               | spelling and pronunciation. So in my examples, what was
               | written "yahara" was pronounced "yawara" and today it is
               | written like it is pronounced, what was written "osahe"
               | was pronounced "osae" and today it is written like it is
               | pronounced, what was written "kuwatu" in kana had been
               | earlier pronounced as "kwatsu", then the pronunciation
               | has become "katsu" (= life) and today it is written
               | "katu" in kana and "katsu" in Hepburn transliteration.
               | 
               | Even when you know some Japanese, reading any book
               | published before WWII can be difficult, because many
               | kanji used before have been replaced with others and the
               | kana spellings of the old kanji can also be confusing
               | because they are different from the modern spellings too.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Sure, in the same sense that the sound at the beginning
               | of the word "sure" doesn't exist in English, but instead
               | is a combination of the sounds indicated by S and H.
               | 
               | Or in other words, complete nonsense. You can't answer a
               | pronunciation question by appealing to spelling
               | conventions, particularly spelling conventions that are
               | completely divorced from the reality of pronunciation.
        
         | takinola wrote:
         | I'm just thinking of taking up a martial art. I was considering
         | BJJ. My main goal is to build strength, fitness and general
         | physical discipline. Any thoughts on which martial art would be
         | ideal, with minimal likelihood of injuries (if such a thing is
         | possible).
        
           | whatamidoingyo wrote:
           | Definitely BJJ. Just avoid mainly competition gyms, and
           | you'll be fine. Look for a school that offers a fundamentals
           | class (most gyms do, but... competition gyms lack in this
           | regard).
           | 
           | Muay Thai has also been okay. It's brutal when you first
           | start (RIP your toes and shins), but the sparring at my
           | current gym is very relaxed, nobody is trying to kill you.
           | This is how most muay thai gyms should be (not saying they
           | are).
        
           | sieste wrote:
           | My experience with kickboxing has been extremely positive. I
           | started at age 38 with no prior MA experience. In my gym
           | there is more focus on general fitness, strength, flexibility
           | and technique than on actual fighting.
           | 
           | When we spar, it's always in full padding, and either points
           | fighting or light contact continuous sparring. It's about
           | tagging or outmanoeuvring the opponent, rather than hurting
           | or defeating them. Except for a bruised rib I never had any
           | injuries, training twice a week for over two years.
           | 
           | I recommend finding a gym where you train with people in your
           | age group. It's difficult training with a bunch of teenagers
           | who recover quickly and don't care about bruises, when you're
           | the only one aching the next day and having to drop off kids
           | and see clients.
        
           | ninininino wrote:
           | If your goal is to build strength, fitness, and physical
           | discipline, but you want to avoid injuries, martial arts is
           | in general a very bad choice. Sports injuries are extremely
           | common even if you are trying your best to avoid them in the
           | majority of martial arts (including grappling arts).
           | 
           | Purely maximizing strength and fitness and minimizing injury
           | would look like some form of resistance training combined
           | with low-impact cardio like swimming or cycling.
           | 
           | Martial arts with minimal injury would look like a boxing
           | fitness class (as opposed to a boxing class) or something
           | with slow motion sparring or no sparring. Not sexy at all, or
           | particularly helpful in a fight, but safe.
        
           | jtriangle wrote:
           | If you get into a good gym, BJJ is among the best, because
           | once you've learned some things, you'll be rolling with guys
           | who are way, way better than you, so they'll know how not to
           | hurt you.
           | 
           | The injuries in BJJ come from newbies rolling with newbies,
           | and completion, stay away from those things, don't be afraid
           | to tap early, and you'll be fine.
        
           | solardev wrote:
           | Anecdotally, I've been doing American style muay thai
           | (meaning way less brutal and intense than the real Thai
           | stuff) for about 10 years, at many gyms across the country.
           | Never had an injury (or saw someone else get injured). I only
           | spar for practice, not fight competitively.
           | 
           | Most of those gyms also do BJJ, and I do very frequently see
           | joint and ear injuries from those. Nothing major, but people
           | will rotate in and out of injuries for a few weeks at a time.
           | 
           | With any gym, it's important not to rush into sparring before
           | you get your bearings (and protection, like at least a mouth
           | guard and shin guards). Some places require head protection
           | too, but I'm not sure if that actually protects you vs just
           | giving your opponent a false sense of "it's okay to hit you
           | harder". You might be trading light grazing blows (and
           | visibility) for heavier blunt impacts...? Not totally sure of
           | the science there.
           | 
           | It's also super important to choose good sparring partners,
           | meaning they are both adequately skilled at self control and
           | not prone to bouts of anger that make them lose control.
           | Watch other people spar for a while and talk to the coach
           | about your own ability and theirs before jumping in. The
           | absolute worst is beginners jumping into sparring each other
           | without good self control, causing an unintentional slugfest
           | where people don't know what they're doing and end up getting
           | hurt. Don't do that, take it slow and play it safe. If you're
           | not planning on competing there's no reason to rush through
           | training or disregard safety.
           | 
           | I know I sound like an old geezer lol, but seriously, it's
           | entirely possible to do martial arts safely if you just lower
           | the aggro level and don't go all out.
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | I broke my big toe sparing once when it hit my partner's
             | kneecap. That was my worst injury to date.
             | 
             | She said last time that happened with someone during
             | sparing it broke her kneecap instead, so I guess I was
             | 50/50 on that one.
             | 
             | People are shocked when I tell them that a sport where you
             | try to hit other people in the head has a shockingly low
             | rate of injury.
             | 
             | > Some places require head protection too, but I'm not sure
             | if that actually protects you vs just giving your opponent
             | a false sense of "it's okay to hit you harder".
             | 
             | Plenty of studies have come out showing that head gear
             | increases the rate of injury, to the extent that head gear
             | and padded gloves should just be banned in every gym.
             | 
             | The safest way to spare is bare knuckle with a mouth guard.
             | No one in their right mind punches full force when bare
             | knuckle, at least not more than once.
             | 
             | (Also, bare knuckle, still wrap up, and hit with the first
             | two knuckles. Boxers in thick gloves learn to hit with the
             | bottom two knuckles, which will shatter the shit out of any
             | hand that tries to do that without gloves on...)
        
           | com2kid wrote:
           | I've been training different martial arts for little over a
           | decade now, but of course YMMV.
           | 
           | So #1 is you like the gym and the vibe. That means you'll
           | keep going back and stay with it.
           | 
           | Either BJJ or Kickboxing (or any striking art) will get you
           | into a general sense of "in shape".
           | 
           | In my experience (and I have #s from chest heart rate
           | monitors to back this up), kickboxing does a much better job
           | getting you conditioned than BJJ does, and if you just want
           | to look good, hitting the boxing bag will get you a nice
           | v-shape upper body, especially if you throw some push ups in
           | the mix while hitting the bag.
           | 
           | Neither alone will get you ripped or build strength the way a
           | dedicated weight lifting program will, if you just want to be
           | able to pick up heavy things, practice picking up heavy
           | things. :-D
           | 
           | Also you won't lose fat unless you also cut calories, I've
           | rolled with plenty of chunky peeps in BJJ. Your body will
           | want to eat more right after an intense class, you'll need
           | some discipline to tell it "no". If you can manage that then
           | you'll also shed the pounds, but even if you are in the gym 2
           | hours a day 5 days a week, you won't automatically lose
           | weight w/o self discipline in the kitchen (but you will be
           | able to eat a lot more before you start gaining weight, so
           | there is that).
           | 
           | For BJJ gyms, take some sample classes at different gyms, see
           | what they are like. Some gyms are guys in their 30s and 40s
           | who have left their egos behind, some gyms are very "go go
           | go" and will run you ragged. No judgement either way, I've
           | worked out at both styles of gym and both styles can be fun
           | so long as _safety_ is paramount.
           | 
           | Safety should be discussed. You should hear the instructors
           | talk about it all the time.
           | 
           | At a good BJJ gym, more senior students will be asked to help
           | out the junior students, and roll with them and show them how
           | to do things safely. At more ego driven gyms people with
           | black belts may not even talk to people who are just starting
           | out. IMHO avoid those types of gyms at all cost.
           | 
           | Same goes for kickboxing. Sparing is an important part of
           | learning, the only way to learn how to dodge punches is to
           | have someone try to punch you in the head. But good gyms
           | don't want people getting hurt, and they should be very aware
           | of TBI and how to avoid it.
           | 
           | I actually trained for a couple years at a professional MMA
           | gym, and despite being really high energy with lots of
           | shouting and hard core warm ups, they were incredibly serious
           | about avoiding injuries during training. The reason was
           | simple: Injured fighters can't go in the ring, and thus don't
           | get paid.
           | 
           | I've been injured 3 times during training over 10 years,
           | which IMHO is pretty good given at one point I was training
           | ~15 hours a week.
           | 
           | Tip: In a good gym, the highest risk of injury comes from
           | training with new students who don't know how to control
           | themselves yet. Someone in boxing class who doesn't know how
           | to pull their punches, or who doesn't understand their reach
           | and bops you in the face by accident.
           | 
           | The 2nd highest injury risk comes from yourself and not
           | knowing your own limits.
           | 
           | When I was just starting out I had a senior student tell me I
           | needed to stop because I was about to break my own arm if I
           | didn't tap out.
           | 
           | That is what a good training partner at a good gym does.
        
             | matwood wrote:
             | > At more ego driven gyms people with black belts may not
             | even talk to people who are just starting out.
             | 
             | All the black belts at my gym will roll with anyone. And
             | yes, it's not common which is silly. Everyone in the gym
             | has progressed so quickly because the different black belts
             | are so willing to help.
             | 
             | > Safety should be discussed. You should hear the
             | instructors talk about it all the time.
             | 
             | My instructors all the time, "the most important person in
             | the gym is your training partner - do not hurt them. If
             | they don't tap from a joint lock, let it go"
             | 
             | > When I was just starting out I had a senior student tell
             | me I needed to stop because I was about to break my own arm
             | if I didn't tap out.
             | 
             | Yep. I just let people go and tell them about it later. :)
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | You're not gonna get injured in most unless you spar very
           | hard or go to a bad gym or sign up for amateur fights. I've
           | done Muay Thai for around 5 years total and got hit in the
           | head hard maybe three times. Hard like 50% power - never a
           | 100%
        
           | matwood wrote:
           | I'm biased, but BJJ is probably what you're looking for. Try
           | a bunch of gyms and find one that jives with you. You want a
           | place that wants to help you get better and not just throw
           | you out there to get beat on. Talk to head people and see
           | what's their philosophy.
           | 
           | While BJJ is a great workout, I would also suggest adding
           | some weight/strength training.
        
           | tmtvl wrote:
           | As a kung fu guy, if you're looking for strength, fitness,
           | and general physical discipline I'd recommend rock climbing.
           | It's like wrestling with an even lower chance for injury.
        
         | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
         | https://globalnews.ca/news/8597221/brain-injury-endemic-amon...
         | 
         | > "It's now known to be essentially the population with the
         | highest known incidence of traumatic brain injury, even above
         | when we consider athlete populations and other known
         | populations like veterans," said O'Connor, now a clinical
         | neuropsychologist in the acquired brain injury program at
         | Hamilton Health Sciences.
         | 
         | There are a huge number of TBIs in the homeless population.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Have to train something, though. Nobody should be the
         | gardener in a war.
         | 
         | Most people have no martial training and never need it. It
         | might be better to train in descalation or something much more
         | useful, like JavaScript.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | I think that skill of not being in places frequented by rowdy
           | idiots is underappreciated.
        
           | cgh wrote:
           | I'd rather take the hits to the head, thanks.
        
             | lapetitejort wrote:
             | You're in luck. One is the prerequisite for the other
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | People who write code are much more useful in a modern war
           | than people who throw punches. Missiles don't run on martial
           | art.
        
           | zer8k wrote:
           | It's always funny to see people touting the virtues of de-
           | escalation and soft talk. What happens when that fails? I
           | started martial arts long ago because soft talk and de-
           | escalation failed.
           | 
           | I started training martial arts years ago. Of the brawls I've
           | been in since then, usually with the homeless or drug addled
           | while out on the town, de-escalation has never worked. I've
           | been in bars where you can't talk someone down. Do you know
           | how long it took for the police to arrive when a homeless guy
           | started a fight with me for no reason? After giving the guy
           | what he deserved I escaped to safety to call the
           | police/medical. They never arrived. Sobering. He ran off
           | eventually. Which, frankly is a testament to the power of
           | street drugs.
           | 
           | You can't de-escalate someone who is determined to harm you.
           | This is a fallacy promoted by people who have never had to
           | fight. You are universally safer by knowing how to fight and
           | never using it than not knowing how to fight at all.
           | 
           | The correct answer is understanding the escalation of force
           | spectrum. Always start by trying to talk some sense into
           | them. Then, based on their next move you either escalate to
           | physical violence to defend yourself, or lethal force if they
           | use a weapon. FWIW BJJ and Muay Thai are the only martial
           | arts you should _ever_ do.
           | 
           | Life is not a video game. The police aren't there to help
           | you. There are bad people everywhere. It's better to be a
           | warrior in a garden than a gardener in a war.
        
             | sharkjacobs wrote:
             | > Always start by trying to talk some sense into them.
             | 
             | I think that deescalation might just not be your strong
             | suit
        
             | 48864w6ui wrote:
             | In a war you probably don't want to be a warrior either;
             | better to be a REMF.
        
       | ruddct wrote:
       | My partner had a concussion many years ago, it was an eye-opening
       | experience.
       | 
       | After months of mostly-useless conversations with doctors,
       | neurologists, etc, we visited a sports medicine specialist who
       | worked with snowboarders, skiers, etc, people who get concussions
       | frequently.
       | 
       | The way the specialist described common concussion symptoms was
       | really interesting: Effectively, your brain finds balance by
       | using a combination of sight, touch (feet), and your inner ear. A
       | concussion can impact the inner ear part of that equation, so
       | your brain is overly reliant on sight and touch to compensate.
       | This can cause all kinds of common concussion symptoms:
       | Dizziness, sensitivity to screen time, etc.
       | 
       | Anyways, after giving us the rundown my partner was prompted to
       | do a few simple exercises to test concussion symptoms. One of
       | them was to stand on one leg and track a moving pen with her
       | eyes. She'd done OK on some of the previous exercises but this
       | one took her out, she lasted maybe 5 seconds and was completely
       | exhausted and dizzy for the rest of the day because of it.
       | 
       | We ended up with a physical-therapy-like balance exercise plan
       | that she stuck to regularly for a few months, and it ended up
       | getting her to complete recovery.
        
         | jtriangle wrote:
         | Scotty, from Strange Parts, aka the youtube guy who showed the
         | world that Apple could have included a headphone jack this
         | whole time, went through a similar set of circumstances.
         | 
         | Here're the videos where he talks about it:
         | https://www.youtube.com/@StrangeParts/search?query=brain
         | 
         | Like you said, extremely eye opening, and very good information
         | to have. There is help available, and it likely won't come from
         | a normal neurologist until their training catches up to the
         | research.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | This is genuinely the sort of situation that makes me proud
           | to be on speaking terms with most of my ex's.
        
         | 1992spacemovie wrote:
         | Glad to hear your partner is better. My wife dealt with a
         | serious brain injury in her early 20s (she has since fully
         | recovered) and it's always a concern of mine if she were to be
         | hit in the head again.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | People often seem to have a casual attitude to concussion; you
         | read sports star X is out with a concussion and think little of
         | it. Another word for concussion is "traumatic brain injury" and
         | that tends to get it across better. I had a bad concussion a
         | while ago and I still get occasional headaches, I had a
         | tinnitus for months (if you are unlucky, it stays with you
         | forever) and my sense of smell is permanently altered. I was
         | ultimately lucky on that one too, enough force and you can
         | permanently sever the connection to your olfactory receptors.
        
         | tetraodonpuffer wrote:
         | The neck is also surprisingly fairly involved in the balance
         | system, I unfortunately have a lifelong inner ear deficit
         | (deafness and vestibular) on one side and there have been times
         | where neck tightness caused significant issues with my eye
         | tracking (nystagmus). It's really all connected, also salt
         | intake, caffeine etc. can impact your balance / dizziness due
         | to the pressure in your inner ear canals where the otoliths are
         | swimming.
        
         | aramndrt wrote:
         | Do you or anybody else have any resources to share regarding
         | such training? I suffered a concussion 5 years ago and two more
         | shortly after, and I still suffer from regular dizziness due to
         | sunlight / busy environments and after too much screen time. It
         | has taken away much of the joy of my twenties. Thank you.
        
           | ruddct wrote:
           | Unfortunately I don't know anything online, but I would
           | suggest seeking out sports medicine/physiotherapy folks who
           | work with your local concussion-heavy athletes (snow sports,
           | mountain biking, etc). Good luck!
        
           | evilai wrote:
           | Maybe this video has useful info, I remember it mentions a
           | company, maybe they have some papers(?)
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gs790JOeN3Y
        
         | onemoresoop wrote:
         | Can you please describe how one can reach such a specialist?
         | What type of specialists are they? Thanks
        
           | tnorthcutt wrote:
           | You'll want to look for a "sports medicine specialist" as
           | mentioned
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | Sports medicine is the name of the specialty.
        
           | ruddct wrote:
           | The person we saw was a master of science in physical
           | therapy, and specialized in/had personal experience with
           | concussion rehab. They were based near a ski mountain, and
           | thus a stream of athletes getting concussed regularly.
           | 
           | If you aren't near any skiing, I'd seek out sports
           | medicine/physical therapy folks who work with your local
           | concussion-heavy athletes. Mountain bikers, cyclists, maybe
           | football/rugby, etc.
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | There is "vestibular therapist" specialty which is physical
           | therapist that specializes in vestibular issues. I had one
           | who helped with vertigo from BPPV and some of the recovery
           | exercises sound similar.
        
           | anninaC wrote:
           | Ie. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH) in London
           | has both a neurologist (Richard) and a physio (Theo)
           | specialised in concussion recovery, and working together.
           | Been very useful for me (guessing you could do some
           | assessments remotely).
        
         | talldatethrow wrote:
         | I once had a bad dream and violently shifted in bed hard enough
         | to headbutt the connected nightstand next to my pillow (weird
         | design). Hard enough to bleed.
         | 
         | I was dizzy for days whenever I laid down. It was as if I was
         | spinning in an amusement park ride slowly.
         | 
         | I called an ex GF neuro radiologist, who after realizing I
         | wasn't going to go in for any scans (no health insurance at the
         | time), told me of a series of "brain/balance reset exercises"
         | you can do. I did the exercises, moving my head in several
         | positions in a particular order, and all symptoms went away.
         | 
         | The brain is crazy.
        
           | gukov wrote:
           | The brain is indeed fascinating. The stories here reminded me
           | about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_therapy.
        
       | helge9210 wrote:
       | https://olympics.com/en/video/maroulis-on-the-reality-of-con...
       | 
       | Helen Maroulis is another athlete openly talking about
       | concussion.
       | 
       | I'm a referee in wrestling (Olympic styles) and I don't let the
       | match to continue until the competition doctor clears the
       | wrestler after a hit in the head.
        
       | callamdelaney wrote:
       | Bare knuckle boxing is much less damaging to the brain than
       | boxing / mma. You can't punch somebodies skull with any degree of
       | force unless you want to break your hands. Much more precision is
       | required.
       | 
       | There tend to be more cuts and thus more blood, but that seems
       | like a better trade off.
        
         | nojvek wrote:
         | Even if the skull can't break, one can seriously damage the
         | softer parts of the face with bare knuckles.
         | 
         | Seen some pretty bad knuckle fights in high school where
         | someone ended in a hospital pretty messed up.
        
           | callamdelaney wrote:
           | Yes that's true, consider though that vaseline is usually
           | used to reduce the chance of cuts. Plus my point is basically
           | that a few cuts or a broken nose is a much smaller injury
           | than permanent brain damage.
           | 
           | Plus, the risks are still probably lower than the risks of
           | elbows, knees and brain issues.
           | 
           | Most real damage from fist fights comes when someones head
           | hits a solid floor after losing balance or consciousness -
           | that is certainly very dangerous.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | How do people in street fights not break their hands?
        
           | callamdelaney wrote:
           | I'd imagine that sometimes they do - but in general you
           | aren't going to see the sort of technique you would see in
           | competitive fighters in a street fight - the biggest risk
           | here is usually hitting your head on concrete.
        
           | tazu wrote:
           | Speaking from experience, they do. You just don't feel it
           | until the adrenaline (and/or alcohol) wears off. If you punch
           | someone hard in the skull, you're going to break your hand.
        
       | ljnelson wrote:
       | One thing many don't talk about is the social aspect of getting a
       | concussion. An acquaintance has decided to try to do something
       | about that: https://concussionbox.org/ (Disclaimer: no
       | involvement/attachment with the site, just thought it was
       | relevant here.)
        
       | Rapzid wrote:
       | Totally not the point of the article but the claim that she was
       | "the world's most dominate athlete" piqued my interest as I've
       | never really heard of her. Apparently SI published this in
       | 2015(the link in the article to SI is broken).
       | 
       | This is the same year that Serena Williams, a household name, won
       | the first three Grand Slam singles tournaments. This coming off a
       | 2014 US Open win so 4 in a row. Anyway, some historical context
       | lol.
        
         | bumby wrote:
         | Tbf, the more nuanced wording in the SI article is the "most
         | dominant fighter" and most "dominant athlete in [her] sport"
         | 
         | https://www.si.com/mma/2015/05/12/ronda-rousey-ufc-mma-fight...
        
           | Rapzid wrote:
           | Ah, yeah that's fair for SI. I guess manipulating quotes to
           | be misleading is par for the 2024 course.
        
         | kevinmchugh wrote:
         | Ronda Rousey won eight fights in a row with the same technique.
         | In five of those, it took less than a minute.
         | 
         | Imagine a soccer player saying she was going to take the ball
         | from midfield, go straight down the middle, and then drill it
         | into the top left corner of the goal, and it working eight
         | times in a row.
         | 
         | Then she won four more fights, all very quickly and with more
         | diverse skill set. It was shocking.
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | I am glad she found her peace and family - she is indeed much
       | more than a UFC champion.
        
       | tibbydudeza wrote:
       | In rugby there is not protective gear unlike American Football
       | and even I made fun of them for being softies but recently a
       | former rugby player donated his brain and it looked like mashed
       | potatoes.
       | 
       | His decline and last days was not good according to his family.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Rising popularity of MMA in the last decade or two astonished me.
       | I was wondering if the average value of having a functioning
       | brain dropped so much in the new millenium.
        
         | zer8k wrote:
         | MMA has lost a lot of it's luster in recent years with it's
         | major commercialization.
         | 
         | It became popular because people were tired of Karate/TKD/Kung
         | Fu/Krav Maga morons telling everyone their martial art can
         | "kill in one touch" or something. So, Pride and UFC started and
         | the entertainment was watching martial arts compete against
         | each other in a near luta livre style. The idea of course being
         | to find the best martial art. BJJ, Wrestling, and Muay Thai
         | were the only survivors.
         | 
         | Once the global maxima was found it became relatively boring.
         | At least to me. But lord was it fun watching "masters" of
         | traditional martial arts get beaten up and down the ring and
         | all the magic of their martial art going along with them.
        
       | dzonga wrote:
       | Antonio Brown is a clear case about this.
       | 
       | There's AB before the hit and AB after the hit.
       | 
       | youtube link to the hit:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8iFSP_S5h8
       | 
       | most times you think -- concussions are a matter of repeated
       | effect -- but one can change your life drastically.
        
         | UberFly wrote:
         | Antonio Brown's biggest red flag on his scouting reports coming
         | out of college was his character. His behavior may or may not
         | have anything to do with that concussion.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I enjoyed watching combat sports for a number of years, but I
       | turned it off awhile back: fighters not showing restraint when
       | the other is down, refs not jumping in quick enough, and not
       | enough TKOs being called.
       | 
       | The difference between fighting someone and maiming them is a
       | single punch.
        
       | maxverse wrote:
       | I don't follow MMA, but I picked up Ronda Rousey's first book, My
       | Fight/Your Fight and couldn't put it down. I then listened to it
       | on audiobook, which she narrates with style and ease. Her story
       | is absolutely incredible, and she and her ghostwriter do a great
       | job sharing it. The first book is all about what it takes to be a
       | fighter, with Rousey undefeated, at the height of her career.
       | Ronda is adorable and terrifying, inspiring and impressive
       | through and through.
       | 
       | I just got her second book, which addresses what it was like to
       | get beaten after going 15:0, then beaten again. I think she's
       | going to talk about finding a way forward after her whole
       | identity was being a fighter. I started today and can't wait to
       | get into it.
        
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