[HN Gopher] US city-country mortality gap widens
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       US city-country mortality gap widens
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2024-04-10 13:04 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (kffhealthnews.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (kffhealthnews.org)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | USDA Report:
       | https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/108702/eib-265...
       | 
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _US Rural Hospital Closures Since 2005_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36302937 - June 2023 (153
       | comments)
       | 
       | UNC Rural Hospital Closures -
       | https://www.shepscenter.unc.edu/programs-projects/rural-heal...
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | If you live an hour from an emergency room, all kinds of urgent
         | things will become more fatal statistically and lower life
         | expectancy. Stroke, heart attack, trauma. EMS pays careful
         | attention to the "golden hour" of receiving definitive care
         | being a survival factor. If you have to wait longer for
         | transport (because you're rural) and then wait longer to arrive
         | at the ER, then your hour may be up before you're even seen.
         | 
         | One mitigating factor is rural EMS sometimes has more advanced
         | care options (allowed by their medical director) than urban BLS
         | because they know it's a long ride.
        
           | delfinom wrote:
           | Lol, the joke here is depending on rural areas. You may wait
           | a few hours just for an ambulance to show up in the first
           | place.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | A huge factor in my personal experience is the quality of
           | care at the hospital. Many hospitals in more remote locations
           | have poor care. Sometimes it's that doctors who can't get the
           | higher paying jobs at the big hospitals go there, and the
           | facilities have lower budgets for many things. I've had
           | family in the medical field who have worked all over the
           | world and have stated that a few specific hospitals serving
           | rural areas are only slightly better than some of the 3rd
           | world hospitals they've seen. They might be bigger or
           | fancier, but the quality of care is poor and the rate of
           | mistakes are high.
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | Makes total sense; the rural areas have been manipulated by the
       | shareholder class into selling out most of their quality-of-life-
       | enabling institutions for scrap.
       | 
       | I live in a relatively large Lower Midwestern city. The general
       | attitude of capital and policymakers in the United States after
       | the 1960s became one of confusion about the purpose of the area
       | between the Appalachian Range and Rockies. California was
       | booming, the cities on the East Coast were moving into a service
       | economic model as their factories had been packed up. Why were
       | these people still here? That applies to cities that used to
       | participate in mercantile capitalism (St. Louis is a wonderful
       | example of this) as well as small towns of 150 people. There's a
       | lack of investment that would simply be unacceptable to people in
       | the other parts of the country. Imagine if Amtrak's Northeast
       | Corridor had the reliability of the various Midwestern routes.
        
         | hx8 wrote:
         | This brings up an interesting partial explanation that we might
         | be able to explore with data. A portion of the healthier and
         | more successful rural population will migrate to urban areas,
         | while a portion of the least healthy and less successful will
         | be stuck and unable to leave rural areas. Urbanization as
         | selection.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | To a point; there's still widespread poverty in the cities
           | these people eventually move to.
        
           | red-iron-pine wrote:
           | if they're healthy and successful why would they leave? the
           | families with college kids of send their chilluns to school,
           | but plenty return. and with high COL exploding in many
           | cities, all the more reason to come home, esp. if their
           | people are already successful in such areas
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | > if they're healthy and successful why would they leave?
             | 
             | Because they could be even more healthy and even more
             | successful, or simply just happier, elsewhere. People who
             | can leave will always leave more often than people who
             | can't.
             | 
             | > the families with college kids of send their chilluns to
             | school, but plenty return.
             | 
             | And plenty don't. Again, those that never leave stay at a
             | higher rate.
             | 
             | > and with high COL exploding in many cities, all the more
             | reason to come home, esp. if their people are already
             | successful in such areas
             | 
             | The more wealth you have, the less you are deterred by high
             | COL. And COL only goes up in cities because people are
             | willing to pay a premium to live there, often for the
             | economic opportunities.
        
       | jt2190 wrote:
       | Article title is "City-Country Mortality Gap Widens Amid
       | Persistent Holes in Rural Health Care Access"
       | 
       | > The study does not address causes for the increase in mortality
       | rates... differences in health care resources could compromise
       | the accessibility, quality, and affordability of care in rural
       | areas. Hospitals in small and remote communities have long
       | struggled, and continued closures or conversions limit health
       | care services in many places. [perhaps also] persistently higher
       | rates of poverty, disability, and chronic disease in rural areas,
       | compounded by fewer physicians per capita and the closure of
       | hospitals, affect community health.
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | > Within the prime working-age group, cancer and heart disease
       | were the leading natural causes of death
       | 
       | I have a lot of extended family and in-laws who live in rural
       | locations.
       | 
       | The lifestyle differences between what I see in the city and what
       | I see in their rural locations are stark. The norms around diet,
       | exercise, drinking, and smoking are completely different.
       | 
       | Even norms around personal safety and protective gear are
       | completely different. Most of my rural extended family will do
       | things like casually spray pesticides or paint without a mask. I
       | was mocked for pulling out safety glasses and hearing protection
       | for power tools when we worked on a project together once.
       | 
       | The study classifies things like heart disease and cancer as
       | "natural causes" and blames lack of healthcare, but my anecdotal
       | experience is that the lifestyle differences could easily explain
       | the difference in heart disease and probably a significant number
       | of the cancer diagnoses as well.
       | 
       | Even when healthcare is available, many of them don't trust it.
       | Statins are still a common debate when I visit, with many of the
       | people in mid-life telling me that they don't work and it's just
       | a big pharma cash grab conspiracy (even though statins are dirt
       | cheap now). Refusing to take doctor-directed medication is a
       | point of pride for some, though they tend to reverse course in
       | older life when they see their peers start dying young. Many
       | refuse vaccines for themselves and children due to things they
       | heard on podcasts or social media. And mental health? Don't dare
       | even suggest that one.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | I can't even get my parents to care about mold after their
         | basement floods for the 10th time in 10 years. They will worry
         | about superstitions about eclipses, but not any long term
         | health consequence from any source that could be labeled
         | "science".
        
         | lenerdenator wrote:
         | It's a machismo built up around preventative behaviors that
         | cost short-term money.
         | 
         | If you're a farmer trying to compete in the last 50 years, your
         | concern isn't with the possibility that you _might_ get cancer
         | in 20 years from the neonicotinoids you 're spraying; it's
         | making enough money to cover expenses _now_.
         | 
         | But your friend who helps you do all sorts of farm chores, he
         | wants to wear protection when he sprays. He's spent money on
         | this protective gear, money that could have been put towards
         | new machinery or the mortgage. He spends five minutes "dickin'
         | 'round" putting it on. Five minutes that could be spent
         | spraying. Since the span of five minutes is easier for the
         | human mind to comprehend than the possibility of health
         | problems months, years, or decades away, you choose to value
         | the five minutes and tell him to get a move on. When he
         | insists, you call him a wimp. He's now been shamed out of the
         | preventative behavior.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | Yeah, but its still outright stupid behavior, no matter how
           | you wrap it. And stupidity will always be punished eventually
           | in this world (which is the only way to 'fight' it, since as
           | we know its endless and unlimited in mankind).
           | 
           | 'I saved 5 minutes (or half an hour, who cares) so I can die
           | 30 years younger than I had to, yeeehaaa'. Lack of good
           | education, or intelligence, or both.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | I think a lot of these studies must either not be considering
         | social factors, or maybe their authors aren't familiar with the
         | worldview of rural America. I grew up in a place where some of
         | those ideas are more popular, and the people around me
         | regularly derided (what I now understand to be) healthy habits
         | as things that 'sissy liberals' did. It was not socially
         | acceptable to be on a diet, go to the gym, wear protective
         | equipment, etc.
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | My friend (urbanite) was offered statins but declined and
         | instead went on a "P90x" home gym program. Six months later,
         | his doctor agreed that statins weren't needed provided he
         | stayed in shape. Of course, you have to actually do the
         | exercise :)
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | These same social norms exist in city areas as well. Get a job
         | in a factory and try to get your hands on adequate personal
         | protective gear. You will not last long.
         | 
         | This brain dead machoism is rampant, half the population is
         | promoting a know-nothing facsist pig for president so that they
         | can hammer the last nail in their own coffin.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | "Statins are still a common debate"
         | 
         | Even among some doctors, researchers, and former users there is
         | debate. Not debate about their effectiveness in general, but
         | about which situations should warrant them. There are several
         | common side effects that can significantly impact quality of
         | life.
         | 
         | It's understandable that some people are skeptical of statins
         | based on the history of pharma and their current proposals. For
         | example, I heard a year or two ago that they were looking into
         | recommending statins for _everyone_ over 70. The cholesterol
         | level for when statins are recommended dropped about 50-100
         | points just a few years ago too.
         | 
         | "The lifestyle differences between what I see in the city and
         | what I see in their rural locations are stark."
         | 
         | Are you comparing neighborhoods of similar socioeconomic
         | characteristics? I've seen plenty of your types of example in
         | urban and rural areas. The big difference is money. The more
         | well-off people in either location tend to be more conscience -
         | diet, exercise, PPE use - than the poorer people.
         | 
         | Edit: why disagree?
        
       | pbnjay wrote:
       | Lifestyle differences in rural areas are much more sedentary now
       | that broadband internet is more available. In urban areas you
       | have social factors and other reasons to walk around or stand up
       | for longer periods.
       | 
       | Couple that with the mentioned shrinking of hospital and
       | healthcare access and yeah you've got a double whammy.
        
         | apwheele wrote:
         | I think this is right. For counterpoint though, there will of
         | course be variance, but an opposite hypothesis is a larger
         | proportion have labor jobs (men moreso than women).
         | 
         | Grew up in rural PA (mostly farming, some factory work). They
         | exact a significant toll (part of the reason opioid dependence
         | grew IMO).
         | 
         | But most of the metrics I have been seeing in terms of death
         | rates show it is both for men and women, so I don't think labor
         | jobs can explain it.
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | Hold up a sec, are you proposing that life in the country is
         | _more_ sedentary than in urban areas? I 'm guessing you've
         | never bailed hay.
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | > I'm guessing you've never bailed hay
           | 
           | Never had my boat fill up with hay so...no. I'd also guess
           | most country people don't bale hay every day.
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | Neither have most people living in rural areas.
        
           | redserk wrote:
           | As someone who grew up and lived in a very rural area, most
           | rural people don't bale hay.
           | 
           | Most rural people live like those in the suburbs but are just
           | physically farther away from other people.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | A cursory search indicates that the giant marshmallow looking
           | haybales that modern farming produces are formed by a machine
           | which you tow behind a tractor. I'm just a city gal, but how
           | much of a workout is that, really?
           | 
           | Edit: also, why are we speculating on stereotypes and not
           | consulting actual data collected on exactly this question?
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182355/
           | 
           | It seems that people living in rural areas are, on average,
           | more sedentary than their urban counterparts, despite the
           | overwhelmingly popular stereotype that rural folk are svelte
           | and outdoorsy.
        
             | mecsred wrote:
             | It's a pretty significant workout. Hooking up, detaching,
             | cleaning and maintaining a bailer is a lot more effort than
             | even a good distance walk. The statistics you're quoting
             | are more so due to the fact that most people in rural areas
             | don't operate a bailer or really any farm machinery. Which
             | showcases one of the problems with relying on "actual data"
             | without having a good understanding of the situation.
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | Yes "actual data " is the problem. You even point out
               | yourself
               | 
               | >most people in rural areas don't operate...really any
               | farm machinery"
               | 
               | Which would be consistent with that damn actual data
               | showing that rural folk are more sedentary than urban
               | folk, in aggregate or on average.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | > most people in rural areas don't operate a bailer or
               | really any farm machinery.
               | 
               | This was effectively the claim made in the top-level
               | comment; I responded to somebody countering that with
               | weird claims about baling as if that's a typical activity
               | for rural residents to engage in. But it's not, according
               | to you and according to the data. What problem do you
               | think this is showcasing?
        
               | mecsred wrote:
               | The comment you made questions how much excersise
               | operating a bailer involves, which is what I responded
               | to. I don't see anything in your comment or the parent
               | talking about how common that excersise is, which is why
               | I offered it as an explanation of the incongruence
               | between your dataset and your implication that bailing is
               | effortless because it involves a machine.
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | it's crazy how something seemingly minor, the necessity to walk
         | some real distance for meeting daily needs, has such a wide
         | range of benefits. Unconsciously, it makes you eat better and
         | less, otherwise the walking would be very uncomfortable. It
         | also makes you care about your immediate environment more,
         | because you experience it a lot more directly.
         | 
         | When you don't have that, it's an uphill battle. You have to
         | carve out dedicated time to exercise, and you have to be very
         | conscious of your diet.
         | 
         | Walking makes for a healthier life, it really does, rather than
         | only the healthy opting in for walking.
        
           | xenospn wrote:
           | Every time I'm in Europe I'm just delighted at how much I
           | walk without having to use any other form of transport.
           | Virtually impossible at home (LA).
        
             | trgn wrote:
             | I miss it after moving back here (midwest).
        
       | chasd00 wrote:
       | it would be more interesting to see the health differences by
       | profession. It's a lot easier on your body to sit in front of a
       | computer than be a lineman working for the county.
        
         | delichon wrote:
         | I think you have to work very hard before it's worse for your
         | body than extended sitting. I make my living in front of a
         | screen so try to mitigate it by going out in the yard and
         | simulating someone who physically works for a living.
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | News for you, sitting on your ass is way harder on the body
         | than actually working for a living.
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7700832/
        
           | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
           | This is gonna sound silly but, I never sit in chairs normally
           | unless I'm being watched.
           | 
           | I've presently got one leg folded under me, and the other
           | tucked up, so I'm not sitting on my ass, I'm sitting on a
           | shin and a foot. And I will probably move in a couple
           | minutes.
           | 
           | Is that the same as "Sitting on one's ass", or..?
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | That's not what the article says.
           | 
           | The article is about the health risks of a sedentary
           | lifestyle, which means a lot of sitting with limited physical
           | activity. But even as little activity as 60-75 minutes of
           | brisk walking per day seems to be enough to compensate.
           | 
           | It also mentions that watching TV is worse than more active
           | forms of sitting, such as office work.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | i grew up in rural areas around West and North Texas, every
           | single person and relatives i knew that worked in those hard,
           | labor intensive jobs, had bad knees and backs by the age of
           | 55 and were basically crippled by retirement age.
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | If I read Figure 1 correctly, overall mortality has actually
       | declined (minus Covid). Even in rural areas mortality has
       | continued to decline while this statistic was tracked. What
       | appears to be the case is its declined _faster_ in urban areas.
       | 
       | Figure 2 shows BOTH metro and non-metro increases in mortality
       | for age groups 25-29 and 30-34.
        
       | cozzyd wrote:
       | I wonder what effect the proliferation of rural dollar stores has
       | had. More junk food and fewer health care facilities is probably
       | not a good combo... And has smoking become more common?
        
         | wnorris wrote:
         | Exercise through everyday walking likely plays a key role.
         | Rural Americans drive everywhere and their most significant
         | walking typically will take place only within stores while
         | shopping.
        
           | forinti wrote:
           | It seems to me that they lost their good habits (manual
           | labour and walking a lot) but kept their bad habits (diet and
           | smoking).
        
           | patwolf wrote:
           | Having lived in rural areas, suburban areas, and urban areas,
           | I don't see there being much difference in walking between
           | rural and suburban.
           | 
           | My guess is that it's a combination of rural areas being
           | poorer (less access to healthy food and extra curricular
           | activities) and the lack of societal pressure to be healthy
           | that comes from living in a more isolated environment.
        
             | SauciestGNU wrote:
             | I suspect if you closely examined activity levels by
             | distance from city center, you'd see something like a log
             | curve with moderate activity for city dwellers, decreasing
             | as you get farther from the core, to the point where
             | suburban/exurban/rural dwellers have very similar activity
             | levels.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I think one would have to adjust for occupations. I would
           | assume certain types of jobs are more prevalent in one are or
           | the other. For example, you're not likely to find many office
           | workers in a location without large office buildings.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | You can exercise all you want (not saying its not good for
           | health, in contrary!), if you eat consistently crap unhealthy
           | food and too much of it it doesn't matter long term (both
           | consistent problems in US population as viewed from literally
           | anywhere else in the world, for past few decades).
           | 
           | Who eat more healthy? More intelligent (since they grok how
           | important it is long term, despite less initial appeal
           | compared to more stronger basic fat&salty&sugary taste), more
           | wealthy (so they can afford it compared to processed junkfood
           | prices pushed to absolute minimum).
           | 
           | Who cooks for themselves from raw ingredients (which ends up
           | being healthier food in general due to many factors)? Again
           | same as above, you need to either have it hardcore baked in
           | your culture like say Italians or French have, or just
           | realize facts, and have some money to afford the extra time
           | (and not juggle 2-3 shitty jobs trying to stay afloat and
           | hovering just above burnout).
        
           | FraterSKM wrote:
           | Even in major cities in the US, the vast majority of people
           | still drive most places. Sure, downtown office workers can
           | usually walk to get lunch, but that's about the extent of it.
           | Also, exercise is much harder in urban areas, cities have
           | crowded gyms making it harder to work out at peak times,
           | crowded roads making it harder to bike, and constant
           | crosswalks making it hard to get in a consistently-paced run.
           | Rural/suburban people just run on their land/around their
           | neighborhood.
        
         | jollyllama wrote:
         | Good point but I would describe it as the death of proper
         | grocery stores. This reflects a reduction in the standard of
         | living.
        
       | delichon wrote:
       | These particular numbers do not include suicide, but those
       | numbers are very bad too. This Time article was written about our
       | county a couple of years ago. I know a few of the people quoted.
       | 
       | https://time.com/6218385/suicide-rate-new-mexico/
       | 
       | White men in particular are checking out at an alarming rate.
       | 
       | So while this is an "external" cause not counted in the stats of
       | the article, I can't help but assume common causes. The kind of
       | depression that makes you want to die also makes you not want to
       | take care of yourself.
       | 
       | It isn't difficult to get state paid medical care here, except
       | for the distance. Appointments at the two small clinics are not
       | far in the future and the medical staff is competent. I doubt
       | doubling or tripling spending there would have much if any
       | effect.
       | 
       | I think it's more about people who have chosen to live a more
       | traditional lifestyle and discovering that it's an increasingly
       | poor fit for the modern world. A plague of psychiatrists could
       | descend on our county like locusts and bury every depressed
       | person in talk therapy, and I doubt it would help.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | There's only ~3500 people that live in the county.
         | 
         | Due to random noise, there's bound to be some small county with
         | shockingly high suicide rates.
         | 
         | This would be a better, less alarmist, way to look at suicide
         | rates:
         | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/suicide/rates_1999_2017...
         | 
         | Men used to commit suicide at about ~4x the rate of women, now
         | it's closer to ~3.6x.
         | 
         | White people commit suicide at high rates - and have for a long
         | time (compared to other races) - and the growth in suicide in
         | white people is outpacing other groups - but the growth rate is
         | actually higher for white women (~68% vs ~41%).
        
           | jibe wrote:
           | Not because the male suicide rate is declining, but because
           | the female suicide rate is rising faster than the male
           | suicide rate is rising.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | "There's only ~3500 people that live in the county."
           | 
           | The trend follows even when evaluated nationally for the
           | urban vs rural rate.
           | 
           | https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/Suicide.html
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | Yeah, but it's 22 per 100,000 nationally, not 63.2 per
             | 100,000 like in the small outlier county.
             | 
             | That's about 1/3rd the rate in the time article - that
             | seems alarmist and cherry-picking a small county to make a
             | big story out of a smaller story.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Eh, the article acknowledges that it's the highest rate
               | nationally and provides the national rate (better
               | disclosure than most articles). Their intent was to
               | interview people affected by it. It's not a study but a
               | news story. It makes sense they'd go to a more afflicted
               | area to make their job easier and get some better
               | ratings. It doesn't make the stories any less insightful
               | to some of the issues faced by similar people. It's just
               | like how the vast majority of gun crime doesn't involve
               | schools, but school shootings get the bulk of the air
               | time while the day to day problems aren't covered in
               | detail, if they're covered at all. They're looking for
               | the most impactful and easy story.
        
           | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
           | I don't understand the focus on relative growth rates of very
           | differently-sized groups. If the country had only these two
           | groups and we had seen 100 additional deaths, that would mean
           | ~70 additional male deaths and ~30 additional female deaths.
           | While it is significant on its own that women made up an even
           | smaller portion historically, it doesn't seem to me that that
           | is a better description of the problem at large.
           | 
           | Not that I think this is a gendered issue; suicide _attempt_
           | rates are about equal between men and women, and the fact
           | that men more often succeed doesn 't really have any bearing
           | on their relative mental health.
        
         | KittenInABox wrote:
         | > It isn't difficult to get state paid medical care here,
         | except for the distance.
         | 
         | The distance can matter a ton, especially if you're already
         | sick.
        
           | delichon wrote:
           | Free rides are available on request. The clinics are in the
           | only places with any population density, and it wouldn't be
           | practical to add more, which would be in the middle of
           | nowhere. It does contribute to the problem, but there's not
           | much to be done about it.
        
             | KittenInABox wrote:
             | I'm only pointing out that I think you're minimizing the
             | effects lack of close accessibility to healthcare is on,
             | well, healthcare.
        
               | delichon wrote:
               | I'd guess it has less effect than the difficulty in
               | getting fresh food. Most of the population here has to
               | drive for long distances to get to a mini market filled
               | with ultra processed food-like substances.
               | 
               | If we could deliver a doctor or groceries to their front
               | door the later would probably do more good.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | Why?
        
               | delichon wrote:
               | I think that the bulk of medical care goes to chronic
               | diseases that have, in my case, been treated more
               | effectively by a better diet. My diabetes, etc. got worse
               | while I was taking medication, and better when I stopped
               | the meds and switched to a better diet.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | I'd say the primary problem is the attitude that there's
         | nothing you or anyone can do about it.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I'm not sure they're saying that nothing can be done, just
           | that increased healthcare and therapy is unlikely to make a
           | large impact. Addressing the actual problems driving them to
           | suicide could reduce the numbers. They have some programs
           | about USDA aid, lawyers, accountants, etc that farmers can
           | use to address some of the issues.
           | 
           | https://www.opb.org/article/2021/08/03/farmers-are-at-
           | risk-o...
        
       | docdocgoose wrote:
       | The social politics of public health and medical schools is
       | heavily slanted against focusing on rural Americans.
       | 
       | This isn't an armchair statement.
       | 
       | Reduced institutional emphasis and engagement isn't the cause of
       | these trends, but it isn't helpful.
       | 
       | Rural places would benefit from targeted loosening of healthcare
       | regulations. More local experimentation. Clear eyed view of the
       | road to recovery.
       | 
       | Groups like the Cicero Institute have put effort here. Their
       | approach is pragmatic and appears to be effective.
       | 
       | Breakthroughs will not come from traditional institutions.
        
         | genericresponse wrote:
         | Can you clarify what you mean by "social politics?"
         | 
         | I ask because rural health is effectively its own subspecialty
         | in family medicine. There doesn't seem to be a locality
         | equivalent for other geographic subgroups. This implies, to me,
         | an extra level of focus on the needs of a population.
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | Some people have been able to map increased glyphosate usage to
       | the rise of chronic disease. I was surprised to learn that
       | glyphosate ("Roundup") was patented as an antibiotic. I was not
       | terribly surprised to learn that it is found throughout our
       | environment. In rural areas you are basically doused in it.
       | Supposedly the effect is to disrupt the gut microbiome,
       | ultimately resulting in persistent inflammation which of course
       | leads to chronic disease and cancer.
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | The main thrust of the article appears to be that it's
       | Republicans killing these people by opposing Medicaid Expansion.
       | 
       | What is the policy position that explains this decision?
        
         | silverquiet wrote:
         | Think about putting people into a spreadsheet (and remember
         | that you probably exist in a few yourself, starting with an
         | employer). Presumably your life has some value in expected
         | economic output, and some cost associated with providing
         | medical care. If the second number is greater than the first,
         | then what is society to do?
         | 
         | I say this as someone who lives with some physical disability
         | (who fortunately at least has a bit of enough wits to do non-
         | physical work) - it's a rather uncaring country for those with
         | medical needs; particularly those parts of the country governed
         | by the right (I live in South Texas, but not the rural part).
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | TANSTAAFL.
         | 
         | E.G., https://thefga.org/research/medicaid-expansion-is-
         | closing-ho...
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | Can't afford to see a doctor. Last Doctor I did see told me they
       | would not do a sweat salinity test because I couldn't afford a
       | diagnosis.
       | 
       | Can't buy Sudafed; pharmacies treat the request like you asked
       | them for their virgin daughter.
       | 
       | Can't buy anitbiotics at the feed stores no more; FDA took care
       | of that.
       | 
       | I've got my own individual reasons to doubt the medical industry;
       | I see my neighbors finding many of their own. We're going to need
       | witch doctors and other unlicensed caregivers before long.
       | 
       | Of course, it could be a question of metrics vs incentives, too.
       | Who gets promoted when they juke the stats to say there _isn 't_
       | a problem? "Rural Healthcare" is one of those lovely nebulous
       | goals that can soak up nearly infinite amounts of grant money
       | without ever having to show real results.
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | I'm sure you've run down a lot of options already but in case
         | you haven't come across these (or to anyone else with similar
         | issues):
         | 
         | > Can't buy Sudafed; pharmacies treat the request like you
         | asked them for their virgin daughter.
         | 
         | If you have a Costco when you go into town, you can get 24
         | generic for about $3 and can buy 3 boxes at a time from the
         | pharmacy. 6 if you are there with someone else on the card.
         | I've never been given a funny look about it and stock up
         | whenever our family seems like they might be getting sick. I'm
         | not sure what the limit is beyond single visit, but for a
         | family of 6 we've never had an issue having enough on hand.
         | 
         | > Can't buy anitbiotics at the feed stores no more; FDA took
         | care of that.
         | 
         | JASE seems expensive, but then and others will give you
         | prescriptions via telemedicine.
         | 
         | I used a teledoc during COVID to get the verboten prescription
         | and it wasn't any more expensive than a pharmacy clinic or
         | urgent care.
        
           | nunez wrote:
           | > Costco
           | 
           | Even when the nearest Costco is an hour away at best?
        
             | ad2k wrote:
             | Having grown up and lived in the country, something being
             | only an hour away is not unusual or a big deal. Our grocery
             | store was 45 mins away, it isn't a big deal when that has
             | been your life.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | Presumably buying 3 boxes of sudafed isn't something you do
             | frequently.
        
         | spamizbad wrote:
         | > Can't buy Sudafed; pharmacies treat the request like you
         | asked them for their virgin daughter.
         | 
         | Do they really make it that hard in rural counties to buy that
         | stuff? Here in the city you just need to ask for it at the
         | pharmacy counter and they scan your ID and you're good.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | Depends on where you live. I live in Indiana, and you can buy
           | Sudafed in limited quantites, but you are reported to law
           | enforcement. Most people don't want law enforcement even
           | knowing they bought Sudafed, so they go without. I had a
           | chance to sit in a policy briefing where they shed a little
           | light on what's going on in rural Indiana with mortality
           | rates:
           | 
           | * Opioid epidemic really hit rural communities hard and high
           | suicide rates are pretty common among addicts. This led to an
           | increase in suicide in older people.
           | 
           | * Meth epidemic was fueled by cooking meth in the country,
           | and it hit younger people.
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | There's a lot that has to go wrong before those two things
             | become a major risk, though. Happy people don't generally
             | decide that doing meth is a great idea. So what's driving
             | the high rates?
             | 
             | Is it high rates of bad overall health? Bad economic
             | prospects and high expenses leading to hopelessness?
             | Something else?
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | > Bad economic prospects and high expenses leading to
               | hopelessness?
               | 
               | Debt + Meth is a bitch..
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | my wife wont even ask anymore. our state law is one box per
           | adult, per month, with ID. you dare not mention "family",
           | they can't sell to anyone who says they're buying for others.
           | 
           | When i ask, its a wait while thy call the other pharmacies to
           | see if ive bought there, and then they copy my info down and
           | post it on a bulletin board. That's assuming they've got the
           | time to deal with me: if they're rushed they just say no.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Who gets promoted when they juke the stats to say there isn't
         | a problem?
         | 
         | Who says there isn't a problem? IME many people says there is a
         | major one, that the US needs to revamp its healthcare system,
         | and rural voters vote against it.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | I'm a bit skeptical of the age grouping. 25-54 is a very wide
       | range, and I would assume cities have more 25-year-olds, whereas
       | the countryside will have more 54-year-olds.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | I think that's part of the point: US agricultural policy since
         | at least the 1970s has been "get big or get out", so you'd
         | expect remaining rural populations to be more marginal.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Butz#Secretary_of_Agricul...
         | 
         | (It's possible to still have viable family farms in 2024, but
         | it requires a willingness to have both (a) economic
         | inefficiencies, and (b) legislative restrictions; although the
         | Home of the Brave might be willing to implement a similar
         | program, the Land of the Free is certainly not)
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _I would assume cities have more 25-year-olds, whereas the
         | countryside will have more 54-year-olds._
         | 
         | Would that be true?
         | 
         | For the same total population on each (say, 1M in cities vs 1M
         | in the countryside) I'd expect the countryside to have higher
         | birth rates and younger marrying couples, so younger
         | demographics. Whereas cities have more career focused people,
         | who marry later (if ever), have less kids, and have them at a
         | greater age.
        
           | inanutshellus wrote:
           | Regardless of where you're born, high-paying jobs and the
           | promise of professional growth are in the city.
           | 
           | So 18+ (heading-to-college-and-after) leave their rural homes
           | and rarely go back. Even if they manage to go to a local
           | university, schooling leads to a niche job in some /other/
           | city far away from home.
           | 
           | Not only that, but agricultural jobs have been dwindling for
           | decades.
           | 
           | Anecdotally, (before my time) my high school used to shut
           | down in the middle of spring so all the teenagers could
           | harvest tobacco. These days that's just grandpa on a giant
           | harvester.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _So 18+ (heading-to-college-and-after) leave their rural
             | homes and rarely go back._
             | 
             | One would think so, but then you read things like:
             | 
             | "Do Americans live where they grew up? At 68%, the majority
             | polled answered yes, they live in or near the city where
             | they grew up. People most often stay in the same town to be
             | with their family, while those who move typically move for
             | work. The data shows that these two reasons are the biggest
             | factors in moving. It's interesting to compare the current
             | data to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2016 study results. A few
             | years ago, 75% of women stayed in their hometowns, compared
             | to 68% of men. Those numbers have flipped, according to our
             | 2022 survey."
        
           | Fishkins wrote:
           | I'd also guess rural areas have higher birth rates and
           | younger marriages. By the time those kids reach 25, though, a
           | lot of them will have moved to cities. That could still mean
           | HPsquared is correct. I'd need to look up stats to be sure.
        
           | AuryGlenz wrote:
           | It's pretty common in my rural area for people to move to a
           | city after college and then come back (or go somewhere else
           | rural) in their 30s or 40s.
           | 
           | People often want to raise kids in the type of environment
           | they grew up in.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Yes, city people rarely enjoy quiet simpler life near/in
             | the nature and wonder WTF folks actually do there, and
             | rural folks struggle to find cities appealing enough due to
             | all the missing bits, noise, pollution, crowds.
             | 
             | Work or studies overcome this, but as you write, especially
             | with kids, getting a bit older folks somehow remember
             | positives of their childhood and revert, if work allows it.
             | WFH gained wider acceptance due to covid helped massively,
             | I still hope self-driving cars/pooled ai taxis will cover
             | the rest in few years.
             | 
             | Thats literally a continuous trillion dollar business, and
             | compared to many big name corps popular here this would
             | tremendously positively help so many people.
             | 
             | IIRC some psychological research found out we humans can
             | adapt to almost any situation, positive or negative, and
             | over time revert to our original selves and level of
             | happiness coming from our own existence (that's why joy
             | from ie new toy fizzles away so quickly not only in kids).
             | But folks seem to not do that for 2 items even after time
             | passes - pets you actually enjoy (consistent positive
             | energy) and long daily commutes where life tickles away and
             | you are stuck doing nothing worthwhile for your life (the
             | opposite).
        
         | hedgehog wrote:
         | That is the range of ages for which they found an increase but
         | the biggest increase is in the 30-34 age subgroup. The report
         | is not hard to skim, the overall picture is rural populations
         | particularly in southern states are dying much more of
         | "natural" causes like heart disease and cancer, and that
         | divergence from urban populations started in the mid 80s.
         | There's some speculation in the report as to why.
        
           | panarky wrote:
           | Mortality is strongly correlated with wealth and physical
           | activity.
           | 
           | Wealth is a proxy for better healthcare, diet and education.
           | 
           | City people are generally richer and walk more.
           | 
           | Rural residents are poorer and drive everywhere.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Avoid syndicated content.
       | 
       | Actual article: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/city-country-
       | mortality-gap-wide...
        
         | garciansmith wrote:
         | Am I wrong in thinking it's the opposite? CBS notes and links
         | back to KFF, and the reporter, Jazmin Orozco Rodriguez, works
         | for KFF.
        
       | hereme888 wrote:
       | My experience for years living in several very rural areas of the
       | US leads me to believe that one big factor is "positive peer
       | pressure" and quality food availability.
       | 
       | "Southern" people's rural lives may be calmer and richer in
       | nature, but their hobbies and lifestyle are quite unhealthy.
       | 
       | In big cities there is more social pressure for being good-
       | looking, mainly a healthy BMI and muscles, both which are
       | protective against cancer.
       | 
       | They're also "food deserts" where supermarkets and restaurants
       | with healthy food are extremely scarce. I've been to towns where
       | you'd be hard-pressed to find any vegetables in their menu
       | besides tomato sauce and a pickle. Health literacy is also
       | abysmal. I don't see how they can avoid a heart attack with such
       | food menus.
        
       | screwturner68 wrote:
       | I don't want to live anywhere where I can see my neighbor. These
       | people are choosing this lifestyle. These same people are a
       | massive tax on society because we have to subsidize this
       | lifestyle because it's very expensive to provide services to
       | places where nobody lives. Why would you build a hospital where
       | only 10,000 live? Why spend $5000 to drag fibre to someone's
       | house so that they can pay $50/month for internet access? How can
       | you afford to pave a road where one person has 800ft of frontage
       | and pays $1500 a year in SALT?
       | 
       | Again, at the end of day this is a choice and their choice costs
       | everyone. I can't really feel sorry for these people, it's what
       | you get when you want to go it alone.
        
         | trallnag wrote:
         | Shouldn't you use "we" instead of "these people"?
        
         | abduhl wrote:
         | We need places where nobody lives to produce things. You cannot
         | farm acres of land where everybody lives, it has to be done
         | where nobody lives. You can't raise cattle where people live
         | because the cattle has to live there.
         | 
         | I suppose the converse view is that city dwellers are
         | externalizing the cost of their existence and so we should see
         | huge increases in prices for staple goods until rural dwellers
         | are paid appropriately and we have equitable outcomes with
         | respect to mortality between rural and urban populations.
        
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