[HN Gopher] Geoengineering test launched in Alameda
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       Geoengineering test launched in Alameda
        
       Author : hammock
       Score  : 49 points
       Date   : 2024-04-08 13:33 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.politico.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.politico.com)
        
       | idunnoman1222 wrote:
       | it has to be kept secret, because otherwise people might complain
       | 
       | - if it gets so hot that people start dying on mass, the leaders
       | of that country are going to start dumping aerosol into the
       | atmosphere and nothing short of war is going to stop them
        
         | thatguy0900 wrote:
         | This will be the future everywhere. Wait til a country
         | experiencing drought gets the choice to start stealing rain
         | that should have fallen on their neighbors
        
       | jerlam wrote:
       | According to this article, the experiment is marine cloud
       | brightening:
       | 
       | https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/national-international/ma...
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_cloud_brightening
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | My favorite opportunity for Marine Cloud Brightening is in the
         | shipping industry. If container ships had saltwater
         | aerosolizers or new fuel additives, it should be possible to
         | bring back the shiptracks--these are the low marine clouds that
         | were recently diminished due new clean fuel standards [1].
         | Those standards are great but they inadvertently increased the
         | warming effect of shipping by about a _third_ [2]. Ouch.
         | 
         | Solar is doubling in capacity every ~2.5 years -- roughly a 25%
         | annual growth rate [3]. That means, in 30 years, we might have
         | some 1500 terawatts of solar. That would dwarf current fossil
         | fuel use. The point is that shouldn't _avoid_ figuring out the
         | science of climate management (geoengineering etc) because we
         | are afraid people will just keep using fossil fuels. We need to
         | get the heat balance undercontrol before 30 years go by.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nasa.gov/missions/aqua/nasa-study-finds-
         | evidence...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/marine-clouds-climate-
         | change...
         | 
         | [3] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/installed-solar-pv-
         | capaci...
        
       | cjensen wrote:
       | I have no issue with experiments. But putting particulates into
       | the air of a population center seems like a pointless risk and
       | will generate needless controversy.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | I have some bad news for you about exhaust and tire wear....
        
       | patrickdavey wrote:
       | According to this link [1] I saw yesterday, the UAE is seeding
       | clouds to cause rainfall too....
       | 
       | I'm not sure where this ends, but, once you start taking water
       | which might fall someplace else it seems it might end badly....
       | 
       | 1. https://mastodon.solar/@dave/112233242269447817
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | We're fast approaching the point where many events will
         | "happen". Geo-engineering is easy and economical. Small
         | Governments/Billionaires/Corporations will pursue it barring a
         | legal framework to ban it. Given the lack of progress on
         | nuclear, and slower than needed progress on renewables. It
         | seems certain that a large scale geo-engineering project will
         | be pursued by _someone_ to lower atmospheric CO2 /temperature.
        
           | patrickdavey wrote:
           | Termination shock here we come...
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | Why is "happen" in quotes?
        
         | soared wrote:
         | There are 8 approved organizations in Colorado that can seed
         | clouds, but it's dubious if it actually works as it's
         | effectively impossible to test/prove. More snow means millions
         | in more revenue for huge skiing/travel companies, but even they
         | don't do it regularly.
         | 
         | https://cwcb.colorado.gov/focus-areas/supply/weather-modific...
        
         | LunaSea wrote:
         | This ends very quickly when the neighbouring country sues you
         | in international court because you stole some of the clouds
         | that would have arrived on your territory.
         | 
         | An example of this is the fight between various Spanish
         | provinces on this exact topic.
        
       | JamesLeonis wrote:
       | "We don't know who struck first, us or them. But we know that it
       | was us that scorched the sky." [0]
       | 
       | We're fixing the fallout from burning fossil fuels by adding more
       | particulates to reflect more energy back. Seems a bit
       | counterproductive. We probably should look at the alternatives
       | first.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.matrixfans.net/movies/the-matrix/transcript/
        
         | lainga wrote:
         | On a narrower window, we're fixing the fallout from eliminating
         | acid rain[]. Think of it like we were cloud seeding for free,
         | and now we can do it with aerosolized salt instead of sulfates.
         | 
         | []
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate#Reversal_and_accelerat...
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | The alternatives are being explored. It's not a long list, and
         | this is the approach that is most readily implementable and
         | cost-permitting as of right now.
        
         | exoverito wrote:
         | That particular plot point is about denying all solar energy to
         | the machines. Needless to say it's a fictional movie and more
         | serious calculations should motivate our analyses.
         | 
         | It's been estimated that current increases in CO2 have a
         | radiative forcing effect of about 2 watts per square meter,
         | compared to the total solar irradiance of 1361 W/m2. If CO2
         | levels doubled to 800 ppm then it's estimated this would have a
         | radiative forcing effect of 6 W/m2. This scenario would require
         | mitigation strategies like stratospheric aerosol injection to
         | reduce solar irradiance by about 0.4%. In the context of plant
         | growth this reduction in sunlight would be negligible given
         | that photosynthesis is only 1 to 2% efficient. If anything we
         | should see significantly accelerated plant growth by about 10
         | to 50% due to the CO2 fertilization effect at 800ppm.
         | 
         | The alternatives consist of completely replacing all energy
         | infrastructure, which will cost trillions of dollars and
         | significantly reduce economic growth. We can already see the
         | negative effects of these policies in Europe, such as Germany
         | which irrationally shut down their nuclear reactors, pushed the
         | deployment of solar, while ultimately relying on Russian
         | natural gas. They now burn more coal than they did before, and
         | risk deindustrializing due to high energy costs. This is an
         | epic strategic blunder since China, India, and Africa will
         | continue burning hydrocarbons irrespective of the West's
         | economic self-sabotage.
         | 
         | There's also no realistic way to extract the amount of CO2
         | that's been emitted into the atmosphere. Simple thermodynamics
         | would have us expend far more energy than we cumulatively
         | gained from burning hydrocarbons since the industrial
         | revolution to extract such an extremely diffuse gas from the
         | atmosphere.
        
       | 91bananas wrote:
       | related: https://sawpa.gov/santa-ana-river-watershed-weather-
       | modifica...
        
       | berkeleynerd wrote:
       | What if we go further out on the carbon limb since this or a
       | similar technology allows us to further delay implementing carbon
       | reductions and then, for some reason, our civilization fails and
       | we can no longer continue to dope the atmosphere to protect us
       | from the now even more serious consequences of our emissions?
       | This approach strikes me as madness; like the behavior of a
       | junkie who takes uppers to wake up in the morning because they've
       | become addicted to downers to get to sleep.
        
         | alas44 wrote:
         | Shared feeling
        
         | lainga wrote:
         | You will need to create and propagate a religion that
         | emphasizes the virtue of smashing up silicate rocks and wetting
         | the dust. It's a lot more tedious than cloud seeding, but it's
         | low-tech and works at scale.
         | 
         | Ed. this produces carbonic acid, but if you feed it slowly into
         | the biosphere, small friends will turn it into bone and shell
        
         | silverquiet wrote:
         | I've been thinking about it a bit like medicine. My grandmother
         | over her life had a kidney removed, an artificial heartvalve
         | implanted, both hips replaced, a pacemaker implanted and
         | upgraded, and had a rather involved drug regime eventually to
         | service a lot of that. I doubt she would have lived past her
         | 60's without all that. Of course she eventually died, but she
         | did get a couple more decades with all the interventions. I
         | suppose it's the best you can hope for sometimes.
        
         | thinkingtoilet wrote:
         | The important thing to say out loud is we've lost. We blew
         | right past 400ppm without looking back. In the coming decades,
         | the right heat wave in the right place at the right time will
         | cause death and destruction on a level never before seen. If we
         | can do anything, _anything_ , to help mitigate that we should.
         | Especially since first world countries with wealth will be
         | better able to handle it, yet it's literally all our fault. We
         | can and should be doing anything to help the situation. We can
         | do geoengineering and fight to limit the burning of carbon at
         | the same time.
        
         | thereisnospork wrote:
         | That's a false moral hazard. Let me play devil's advocate for a
         | sec:
         | 
         | Since global warming is trivially abated by aerosolizing
         | seawater it would be negligent to revamp our economy and
         | degrade our quality of life to avoid carbon emissions [which in
         | this hypothetical the main negative is trivially abated].
        
           | pgalvin wrote:
           | You're playing devil's advocate so I won't criticise :)
           | 
           | But I'll add - cloud seeding might prevent heating, but it
           | can't prevent ocean acidification. Secondly, if one country
           | or organisation came to dominate it, and the world settled
           | into a rhythm of pumping more carbon dioxide into the
           | atmosphere and artificially mitigating the heating effects...
           | what happens if the political winds changed direction for
           | even a few years? We'd potentially see centuries of heating
           | in a short timespan.
           | 
           | Just look at Europe's reliance on the US (through NATO) for
           | protection and the efforts to become more independent now
           | that a Trump presidency has opened their eyes to the risk
           | that carries. Further fossil fuel burning would mean more and
           | more geoengineering each year, putting control in the hands
           | of fewer and fewer nations. One benefit of most suggested
           | geoengineering efforts is that the particulates fall after a
           | few years. If we came to depend on it (we shouldn't!), that
           | constant maintenance should terrify us.
           | 
           | It's an imperfect, short-term solution that could sentence
           | future generations to horrific consequences.
        
         | wing-_-nuts wrote:
         | It's obvious to anyone who's taken 5 minutes to read up on
         | climate change that cutting emissions is how we ultimately fix
         | the problem. Unfortunately we're on track for 3+C of warming.
         | Do you really believe we're going to stand by and watch that
         | happen? I don't. Is geoengineering dangerous and short sighted?
         | Yeah. Is it gonna happen? Also, yes. Should we research it to
         | make it as safe as possible? Heck yeah.
        
           | throwaway5959 wrote:
           | And what if geoengineering doesn't work? Just waving our
           | hands and saying technology will solve our problems in the
           | future vs doing what we know works now (reducing consumption
           | and cutting emissions) seems insane to me.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | Who's waving hands? As I explicitly stated, I am _all_ for
             | the drastic cuts needed to stop global warming. The thought
             | that you can somehow divorce  'the economy' from the health
             | of the environment is laughable. I'm just saying that we,
             | as a species will probably resort to geoengineering and it
             | would probably be a good idea to try and understand the
             | dangers of it _before_ some country decides to unilaterally
             | start pumping sulfides in the atmosphere.
        
             | pgalvin wrote:
             | I think the point being made is that mankind is not acting
             | fast enough - we are currently on track for facing a real
             | risk of an irreversible domino effect of heating that we
             | can't stop. The IPCC reports discuss a range of
             | possibilities - this isn't guaranteed - but it's possible.
             | 
             | In an ideal world, we would reach net zero in time to
             | prevent that. This is the only long-term solution. But what
             | if, in a decade or two, every projection says we won't? Are
             | we to chastise the rest of humanity, say "you could have
             | prevented this the proper way!", and let the dominos begin
             | to fall?
             | 
             | Geoengineering, if the science is proven, should only act
             | as a last resort to prevent such a domino effect. It would
             | symbolise a profound failure of our species. But surely, if
             | we realise we failed, this risky Hail Mary is better than
             | not acting?
             | 
             | The risks of another massive human intervention into the
             | atmosphere are obvious. Furthermore, geoengineering risks
             | giving many nations an excuse to keep burning fossil fuels.
             | Nobody has the right answers yet and everybody sensible
             | agrees we need to do everything we can to reach net zero
             | first.
             | 
             | But what if we don't?
        
               | throwaway5959 wrote:
               | That's exactly what I said, but longer.
        
               | pgalvin wrote:
               | You're right :) I misread your comment as saying there
               | was no scenario where we should resort to it, and I meant
               | to raise the question of if there could be one day.
        
             | philipkglass wrote:
             | The flip side is: what if people aren't cutting emissions,
             | or aren't cutting them fast enough? That's the actual
             | situation we are in. Old social problems are even harder to
             | solve than novel technological problems. If social change
             | isn't happening fast enough to prevent the problem then I
             | think we should try technological approaches. It's similar
             | to how I would give Naloxone to someone overdosing on
             | fentanyl even if the better solution would have been for
             | them to not develop an opiate habit in the first place.
             | 
             | It is of course possible that both technological and social
             | approaches will prove insufficient, and we'll go well
             | beyond the "safe" level of global warming.
        
             | silverquiet wrote:
             | Try telling people that they shouldn't fly in planes (I've
             | done it) and see how far that message gets you. The status
             | quo wherein we geoengineer the climate ever hotter is
             | indeed insane, but I suppose people are habituated to it.
             | Solar radiation management is probably the only real chance
             | to avoid drastic consequences at this point (and really
             | only buys time; it's more of a half-assed fix).
        
       | wing-_-nuts wrote:
       | I've read many of the recent popSci books on global warming, and
       | I fully believe that the path we're on leads to catastrophic
       | warming (3c+).
       | 
       | I also believe that many geoengineering techniques are dangerous
       | and we should be focusing on limiting CO2, as that's the only
       | _safe_ way to address global warming.
       | 
       | Having said all that, I simply _do not_ believe we 'll stand by
       | and watch the world burn without trying a 'ministry of the
       | future' style geoengineering effort. Is it ideal? No way, but
       | IMHO it _will_ happen. It drives me insane that the scientific
       | community is so vehemently against geoengineering research for
       | fear that it will create a moral hazard that makes it 's
       | deployment more likely.
        
         | lainga wrote:
         | >I've read many of the recent popSci books on global warming
         | 
         | Have you read any of the IPCC reports? Are you familiar with
         | the RCPs?
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | I've read the summaries and yeah I'm vaguely familiar with
           | the RCPs from various youtube vids covering the topic. I
           | think the last I've seen for projections off our current
           | commitments is 2.7-3.4C.
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | The prevailing view right now appears to be that limiting CO2
         | is no longer sufficient.
        
           | askvictor wrote:
           | Yes. But one danger is once we start geoengineering, people
           | will give up on trying to limit carbon emissions
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | There's no way geoengineering will be consequence free. I
             | think when we start using it as a temporary measure it will
             | become very clear what the downsides are, and that reducing
             | our emissions are still the best path forward.
             | 
             | I just don't buy the apocalyptic doomerism so breathlessly
             | described in most books on global warming. When it gets bad
             | enough, we will act. It won't be ideal, but there's no way
             | we're just going to sit by, accept our fate and let the
             | world burn.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | The assumption here is that when it gets really bad we
               | _will_ still be able to act. The problem is that the
               | earth system is incredibly complex and may be able to
               | absorb a lot of energy in ways that aren't easy to
               | reverse (at least in ways that are comfortable to
               | humans.) There's a reason we call these things "tipping
               | points": like unbalancing a piece of heavy furniture, you
               | might not have the strength to catch it once it's gone
               | past a certain point.
        
       | throwaway5959 wrote:
       | Why aren't the people conducting this test in jail? Who gave them
       | the authority/permission to run these tests? Geoengineering is
       | literal cloud cover for further GHG emissions.
        
       | justinzollars wrote:
       | Geoengineering from a political engineering website:
       | politico.com. We are scientistic.
        
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