[HN Gopher] The Bulgarian Computer's Global Reach: On Victor Pet...
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       The Bulgarian Computer's Global Reach: On Victor Petrov's "Balkan
       Cyberia"
        
       Author : martinlaz
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2024-04-07 18:37 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lareviewofbooks.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lareviewofbooks.org)
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | Asionometry has a brilliant piece on the topic:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-UVPw1c_So
        
       | mrkramer wrote:
       | Interesting fact about Bulgaria and Amazon, first order on
       | Amazon.com was from Bulgaria.
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | This is also directly available from MIT Press as Open Access:
       | https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5598/Balkan-Cyberi...
        
       | malkia wrote:
       | Anyone remembers The Dark Avenger :) - lol, another fellow
       | bulgarian!
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Avenger
        
       | thriftwy wrote:
       | One of the first Sovirt Union's general purpose computers, the
       | MESM[1], was built in some pre-revolutionary mansion outside
       | Kiev.
       | 
       | Romania also had significant semiconductor industry and DDR too,
       | such as Kombinat Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt.
       | 
       | I'm disappointed the article is so eager to tag late communist
       | Bulgaria "repressive". The same myopic vision where Bulgaria can
       | be of no significance, but also where socialist regime can
       | manifest with nothing but repression.
       | 
       | 1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESM
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | "Repressive" seems pretty accurate. That it had non-repressive
         | attributes (what repressive regime doesn't?) doesn't mean it
         | wasn't repressive.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | With "non-repressive attributes" you're continuing to dig the
           | same hole I was talking about. I mean, come on.
        
             | pvg wrote:
             | What is the hole in question? You're complaining the
             | article calls a repressive regime repressive. What's the
             | actual objection? That it wasn't repressive? It was really
             | repressive!
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | That now sounds like that Anarcho-Syndicalist dialogue
               | from Monty Python's Holy Grail, where Arthur represses
               | peasants by existing.
               | 
               | And I'm absolutely no fan of communism.
               | 
               | The hole in question that absolute majority of
               | Bulgarians' experience was shaped by what the economy can
               | let them do and what it can't - talking about both
               | pre-1990 and post-1990.
               | 
               | Late communism was more like an asylum which is run by
               | inmates. It was as repressive as they personally were.
        
               | pvg wrote:
               | You've still not said what is wrong with calling a
               | repressive regime repressive. Is it because you think it
               | wasn't actually repressive? Or maybe because you think it
               | got less repressive in its later days? Even that is in
               | accurate, there are significant ways in which it got
               | _more_ repressive, e.g.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revival_Process
               | 
               | Edit about your edit:
               | 
               |  _Late communism was more like an asylum which is run by
               | inmates. It was as repressive as they personally were._
               | 
               | I can't say I understand this but it sounds like a
               | tautology you can apply to just about any human
               | organization.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | I'm just not sure what your claims about regime's
               | repressivenes are based on. Were you there? Can you
               | compare that with your current existence?
               | 
               | > sounds like a tautology you can apply to just about any
               | human organization
               | 
               | Exactly! It wasn't much better or worse than your garden
               | variety society. That you won't use all the repressive
               | words against.
               | 
               | > The "Revival Process" was in turn followed by the
               | forced expulsion of over 300,000 Muslims in 1989.
               | 
               | Isn't that exactly the action of post-Perestroika, now-
               | democratic Bulgaria? Indeed, as I have heard most of
               | ethnic cleansings happen in young democracies as opposed
               | to autoritarian states. In young unstable democracy, it
               | suddently seems like a good idea for 70% to get rid of a
               | 30% minority (numbers may vary). After all, you can vote
               | solidly in favor of that.
               | 
               | If Socialist Bulgaria wanted to get rid of muslims it
               | would not wait until 1989. They had 40 years to do that
               | if they wanted. They didn't. The new, emancipated one
               | did.
        
               | pvg wrote:
               | _Were you there?_
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               |  _Isn 't that exactly the action of post-Perestroika,
               | now-democratic Bulgaria?_
               | 
               | No. This was done under communist rule, as outlined in
               | the Wikipedia page. Many Bulgarian ethnic Turks were able
               | to return after the fall of communism as is mentioned
               | there as well. A political party representing ethnic
               | minority interests was one of the first formed after the
               | end of communist rule. It remains significant part of the
               | Bulgarian political landscape to this day - https://en.wi
               | kipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_Rights_and_Freedo...
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | Why it didn't happen in 1949 then, or in 1959, or in
               | 1969, or in 1979? What have changed?
               | 
               | I can see a clear link between perestroikas and ethnic
               | cleansings, but perhaps you can reason that away.
        
               | pvg wrote:
               | It started in the 70s, which is in the Wikipedia page.
               | Bulgaria did not meaningfully have 'perestroika' which
               | you can google your way to. I don't think I have to
               | reason anything away if you're simply unfamiliar with the
               | history - you can just look it up or at a minimum, read
               | the links we're talking about.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | > Though the regime had long encouraged assimilationism
               | to some degree, as the Eastern Bloc wavered in the 1980s,
               | the Zhivkov regime leaned more heavily into Bulgarian
               | ethno-nationalism to prop itself up and stepped up
               | repression of the Muslim population in particular.
               | 
               | Wikipedia seems to agree with me and not with you,
               | despite myself hearing about the event for the first time
               | today.
        
       | gremlinunderway wrote:
       | Really cool to see other attempts at historically understanding
       | Warsaw Pact and fUSSR tech industries.
       | 
       | Every other treatment I've ever seen for describing the Soviet
       | computing and internet development has always just been a lazy
       | "well it wasn't innovative like silicon valley" which, while not
       | necessarily wrong, sounds more like awkward and insecure attempt
       | at justifying our own processes, and also isn't all that
       | descriptive or useful.
       | 
       | This isn't surprising because we still have a very heavy Cold War
       | stink on history to do with the USSR and just continue to
       | discover we were wrong about certain aspects of that experiment
       | or didnt quite fully understand it without heavy ideological
       | bias.
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | _we were wrong about certain aspects_
         | 
         | I think the wrongness of popular perception tends to go in the
         | other direction. People often misunderstand just how badly the
         | Soviet bloc lagged in high technology, precision manufacturing
         | at scale, etc. This makes sense because they remember and have
         | read about the military parity, the brief period of (very
         | roughly) comparable middle class standard of living, etc. But
         | Moore's law (among other things) dramatically exacerbated the
         | technology gap - you can have, say, a steel or oil industry
         | that's a couple of decades behind the state of the art. An IC
         | industry that far behind is barely a meaningful IC industry at
         | all.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | things worked when there was the state behind it.. Regardless of
       | efficiency. cm601 CPU was exact copy of motorola-6800 (with ~10%
       | yield - doesn't matter). Pravetz-82 was Apple-][, with M6502
       | imported. There was even some DEC micro-VAX being copied, EC-1055
       | AFAIR. Then came the PC... and things went more software-ish.
       | There was "mikro monitor 1.0" which was.. MS windows 2.0 but all
       | in cyrillics and encodings (none in original). Xerox Ventura 2
       | was also copied and rev.engineered. "docs 1.0/2.x" was (pre-MS
       | and MS) Word. Lots of other stuff. Rev.engineered and
       | fixed/enhanced to support cyrillics or else.
       | 
       | Then one day it wasn't anymore.
       | 
       | Actually all that, let's call it borrowing, laid a perfect ground
       | for all future versions of those products/companies - with plenty
       | of educated and demanding users thereof.
       | 
       | (btw rev.engineering was good fun.. but that's a forgotten land
       | now)
        
         | mobilio wrote:
         | Well... it's complicated
        
       | stanislavb wrote:
       | Are there people who studied in UKTC here? Maybe we could
       | connect.
        
       | loopdoend wrote:
       | In case anyone doesn't know - Bulgaria is the most beautiful
       | country in Europe and is rich with cultural history. Ruins and
       | artefacts everywhere. Please come and check it out - Sofia is
       | amazing this time of year.
        
         | npace12 wrote:
         | It definitely isn't but that's also subjective. There are
         | interesting sights to see, but you can see better ones of the
         | kinds you are interested in, in different parts of the world.
         | The shoreline sucks. Skiing is mid at best. Some good hiking
         | trails.
        
       | pvg wrote:
       | A thread from a couple of years ago on a related topic
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26107924
       | 
       | And a small historical bit of snark that's probably in the book
       | (which I haven't had a chance to read yet):
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26108958
        
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       (page generated 2024-04-07 23:00 UTC)