[HN Gopher] Xemu: Original Xbox Emulator
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       Xemu: Original Xbox Emulator
        
       Author : InitEnabler
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2024-04-07 17:18 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (xemu.app)
 (TXT) w3m dump (xemu.app)
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | The original Xbox was essentially a PC of the time running a
       | heavily customized version of Windows. Does this emulate that
       | kernel without using any Microsoft code?
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | If I remember right, most of the "operating system" was linked
         | statically into the game images (AFAIK at least the DirectX
         | libs, not sure about any low level "firmware" stuff). I'm
         | pretty sure there was no concept of "hardware drivers" though.
        
           | skinatro wrote:
           | The original xbox actually had a real os based on the windows
           | 2000[1] unlike it's competitors like the PSX
           | 
           | [1]-https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/21/21265995/xbox-source-
           | code...
        
             | dagmx wrote:
             | The original XBox didn't compete against the PSX. It was
             | one generation later competing with the PS2, DreamCast and
             | GameCube
        
               | Narishma wrote:
               | The Dreamcast was discontinued just as the Xbox was
               | preparing to launch, so they didn't really compete.
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | Per the documentation you have to provide dumps of the original
         | Xbox bootroms, and it can _optionally_ use a HDD image taken
         | from a real Xbox, but the latter isn 't required because they
         | provide a basic cleanroom reimplementation of the dashboard you
         | can use instead.
         | 
         | https://xemu.app/docs/required-files/
         | 
         | The CPU in the Xbox was literally an off-the-shelf Intel
         | processor (some crazy people even soldered in faster CPUs that
         | were never meant for the Xbox) but as I understand it the GPU
         | is weird, and that's where most of the difficulty with
         | emulation comes from. It's a unique mashup of GeForce 2 and
         | GeForce 3 IP that was never used anywhere else, so the existing
         | efforts to reverse engineer GF2 and GF3 for Linux drivers were
         | of limited use.
        
         | skinatro wrote:
         | If I am not wrong this is a LLE (low level emulator) rather
         | than a hle so it should emulate the hardware rather than the
         | kernel. So you need the dump of the microsoft's xbox kernel for
         | it to work
        
         | iforgotpassword wrote:
         | I think most people familiar with the original Xbox hw (like
         | people working on xemu :)) take offense when you say it's just
         | a PC. It's PC hardware, but nothing much is shared with the
         | "IBM PC" architecture-wise. Even the software side is very
         | different. It's not running a customized version of Windows,
         | but the Windows _kernel_. One stripped down to 256kb, including
         | the boot up animation and sound. That design for example
         | required that a lot of things get linked into a game 's
         | executable, like network drivers and the entire TCP/IP stack.
         | 
         | If it were that easy, we'd have had a wine pendant for Xbox
         | binaries 20 years ago. Cxbx is pretty much the wine approach to
         | Xbox emulation and it's far from perfect.
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | Linux would ran on that with ease. And, yes, Wine ran, but
           | just Win32 PE binaries, not XBE ones.
           | 
           | OFC it was an "IBM PC". Some people could run ReactOS on it.
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | There are two major original Xbox emulators - cxbx/cxbx-
         | reloaded, which originally tried to do both LLE and HLE but
         | these days does exclusively high-level emulation like you are
         | describing, and xemu (this one), which does mostly low-level
         | emulation.
         | 
         | So no, in this case Xemu runs the original Xbox kernel. This is
         | why it's more compatible and generally much more robust than
         | cxbx in terms of game support.
         | 
         | There are a lot of challenges with doing HLE for Xbox. While
         | there is a kernel, its HAL is very low-level. Games are
         | statically linked against the entire stack of DLLs that you'd
         | usually find in Windows (the Xbox SDK), and depending on when
         | they were released, can have one of about a gazillion versions
         | of the Xbox SDK in them. So doing HLE is a matter of finding
         | and hooking an enormous number of SDK functions, but also
         | keeping up with the plethora of minor changes which were made
         | constantly through the life of the console. Emulating the
         | kernel doesn't get you very far, because it still provides low-
         | level interfaces to (for example) manipulating GPU state, so
         | you end up having to implement the GPU hardware in LLE anyway.
        
         | IntelMiner wrote:
         | This is a myth that is incorrect. The original Xbox's BIOS
         | bares little to no resemblance to Windows 2000 (its closest
         | contemporary) and runs from a 1MB flash chip at most. Games run
         | Bare Metal on the system
        
         | accrual wrote:
         | The Xbox hardware was also quite advanced for its release date
         | (2001). Many PCs at the time still had 100MHz FSB but the Xbox
         | ran at 133MHz. The Xbox also had DDR RAM, not much of it
         | (64MB), but DDR wouldn't be commonplace until the Pentium 4 and
         | Athlon XP platforms a couple years later. Most PCs were still
         | running regular single-channel SDRAM.
         | 
         | I've built a near-period correct PC with a later and faster CPU
         | (Tualatin at 1.0GHz vs Xbox's Coppermine at 700MHz), more RAM
         | (512MB), faster GPU (GF4 Ti4400), but it still can't achieve
         | the raw memory and GPU bandwidth the Xbox had.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | The fun thing about the RAM was that although the retail
           | units only had 64MB, they shared the motherboard design with
           | the devkits which had 128MB, and if you sourced a second set
           | of RAM chips you could fully populate the board and build a
           | 128MB retail unit. That was useful for some homebrew, and
           | also made it possible to play games built for the Sega
           | Chihiro arcade platform, which used the Xbox architecture but
           | had the full 128MB of RAM installed and allowed games to use
           | all of it.
           | 
           | If you were brave enough to replace a BGA chip you could
           | upgrade the CPU as well, the stock one was an off-the-shelf
           | 733mhz Pentium which happened to have a 1.4ghz counterpart,
           | and surprisingly swapping the CPU out for the faster one
           | mostly just worked. The faster chips were electrically
           | compatible, but Intel only packaged those as socketed desktop
           | parts, so people designed these wacky interposer boards to
           | re-route the pins to the correct places on the Xboxes BGA
           | footprint.
           | 
           | https://i.imgur.com/nvJdKfM.jpeg
        
             | jwells89 wrote:
             | I love hackery like this that pushes hardware capabilities
             | to their limits. It's kinda like extreme overclocking,
             | except somehow both more crazy and usually more likely to
             | have an end result that's practical for day to day usage.
        
       | sshagent wrote:
       | kung fu chaos time! Such a great game, a little insensitive
       | perhaps...glorious sofa multipleyer game though I kept that disk
       | hoping they'd backwards compat it for many years
        
         | blakes wrote:
         | Out of all the og Xbox games, Kung Fu Chaos provided the most
         | fun and laughs with friends. It honestly still holds up
         | gameplay wise. I still play it sometimes. The minigames were
         | the best.
        
           | rolandog wrote:
           | Fuzion Frenzy as well!
        
             | darknavi wrote:
             | Playing the Fuzion Frenzy demo on the XB Magazine discs and
             | the Halo demo menu were a ton of fun too.
             | 
             | Wish more game demos existed today.
        
       | accrual wrote:
       | Fun fact - Morrowind for the Xbox occasionally rebooted the whole
       | console when running low on memory. A splash screen would remain
       | displayed, so the user would have no idea this was happening. The
       | Xbox only had 64MB of DDR1 RAM.
       | 
       | https://hackaday.com/2021/04/14/morrowind-rebooted-the-origi...
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | I had talked to a dev who worked on one of the Fable games and
         | he mentioned that he was only alloted x amount of the total
         | memory available on the 360 which surprised me, since I was
         | primarily a PC gamer I didnt think about how little memory the
         | console had.
         | 
         | Fun reminder that we got to the moon on significantly less
         | memory.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | When the original Xbox was released (2001), its specs were
         | comparable to a low-end PC of the time, but with a somewhat
         | better GPU.
        
         | rbut wrote:
         | They could've implemented their own virtual memory and paged it
         | to disk. Very easy to do. That's what we had to do to load 64mb
         | ROMs when creating an n64 emulator for Xbox.
        
           | darknavi wrote:
           | Sure, but deadlines. And game hacks are fun!
        
       | costanzaDynasty wrote:
       | I hate the fact that Xbox One killed Xbox's momentum so much that
       | people are dismissing or not recognizing some of the things that
       | Xbox has going for it right now with Xbox GamePass and cloud
       | gaming. This is a transitional generation, but Xbox is positioned
       | a lot better than most people seem to understand if they only
       | travel in the areas where console wars is the religion of the day
       | again.
       | 
       | I've been replaying Halo 1 & 2 again and just remembering the
       | infancy of console online gaming and how fun it was as compared
       | today were its either absolute silence or mute worthy trash.
        
         | anonymousab wrote:
         | > recognizing some of the things that Xbox has going for it
         | right now with Xbox GamePass and cloud gaming
         | 
         | Or they don't recognize them as inherently good things. Game
         | pass has potentially cannibalized "real" game sales on the
         | platform and primed its userbase to "just wait for it to come
         | to gamepass"; with the gamepass honeymoon developer deals
         | drying up, this has had dire implications for third party
         | support going forward. Xcloud has been a mixed bag - you can
         | find countless reports of it lagging behind PS cloud streaming
         | and various PC cloud gaming vendors in performance (latency)
         | and image quality (though I personally haven't seen much
         | difference between most of them).
         | 
         | For a lot of us, the current generation Xbox platform has been
         | doing everything just as bad or even _worse_ than it was with
         | the Xbox One - they 've stopped iterating on backwards
         | compatibility, they've pushed Gamepass above all, and they've
         | spent unbelievable amounts of money on M&A instead of building
         | up their own existing studios and releasing more new original
         | exclusive games. The quality of some of their major trumpeted
         | releases has also been incredibly suspect, despite repeated
         | claims of high quality from their internal tastemakers before
         | release.
         | 
         | The dumb social media console war stuff has unfortunately
         | gotten in the way of some important self-review and
         | introspection that the Xbox team should be doing. As a longtime
         | Xbox fan, it has been tremendously disappointing to see.
        
         | dleslie wrote:
         | It's funny that you should note that they are doing positive
         | things in a transitional era, only to finish off by noting that
         | you are playing decades-old games on their hardware.
         | 
         | While I am a fan of GamePass, and I own two XBox One consoles,
         | I have no desire to own a Series console or the forthcoming
         | refresh. Everything I want to play I can play on the One or via
         | Cloud; but more importantly: the difficulty of discovering
         | compelling experiences in this era of XBox is too damn high.
         | 
         | There are too many straight-up _bad_ indie games swamping
         | GamePass, and too many B and AAA quality games that are phoning
         | it in.
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | The Xbox team have just had terrible leadership choices.
         | 
         | The One was a miss from the beginning , trying to be more than
         | a gaming console and falling short on all fronts. The name
         | didn't help either.
         | 
         | Then they picked an even worse name for the Series X and and
         | Series S. while implementing a necessity for parity. confusing
         | the market and holding back devs.
         | 
         | The 360 was effectively a flash in the pan IMHO, helped by a
         | significant misstep on Sony's part with the PS3 design, and
         | Nintendo moving to create their own market with the Wii that
         | effectively made it a companion console rather than a competing
         | one.
        
           | jwells89 wrote:
           | With the One they also made the mistake of trying to
           | permanently tie discs to consoles in an attempt to destroy
           | the used game market for the console, which got leaked pretty
           | early on and led to Microsoft and the Xbox brand taking a
           | massive reputation hit, even though they quickly backtracked.
           | For that generation, a lot of people who would've otherwise
           | bought Xboxes instead bought PS4s out of principle.
        
             | CBarkleyU wrote:
             | That E3 was crazy. Anyone remember the video that Sony
             | posted on "how to share games with friends" while the Xbox
             | debacle on locked discs and always online was in full
             | force? (it was literally a guy giving a game disc to
             | another guy)
             | 
             | This is why I am still against the MS acquisitions. Imagine
             | that whole debacle happening but you're still forced to buy
             | an anti consumer console, because God forbid you like to
             | play CoD, Fallout, Starfield...
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | Now Sony just lock the entire disc drive behind online
               | activation instead:
               | 
               | https://www.playstation.com/en-
               | us/support/hardware/ps5-disc-... "Internet connection
               | required to pair disc drive and PS5 console upon set up."
               | 
               | Cue defenders "but it's only once and then it works
               | offline!!" like that will make a difference in the far
               | future once the activation system is dead and gone.
        
             | hermitdev wrote:
             | And others of us are old enough to remember the Sony
             | rootkit DRM on their CDs and refuse to go anywhere near
             | Sony products.
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | And to top it all off I heard MS just put Surface people in
           | charge of designing the next one, to copy Switch success I
           | guess?.
        
         | bluescrn wrote:
         | Any game developer could have told them early on that Kinect
         | was next-to-useless, despite the technology being interesting.
         | 
         | Even operating simple menus was problematic. You could point,
         | but had no buttons to click. It was never going to work beyond
         | a few niche cases (dance games and simple minigames).
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | > It was never going to work beyond a few niche cases (dance
           | games and simple minigames).
           | 
           | It really is superior for dance games.
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | I'm sad for kids who don't get to experience high-quality couch
         | multiplayer.
         | 
         | Also making an account for every little stupid thing. No you
         | don't need account systems. At least make them opt-in.
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | With the Master Chief Collection on PC, I'd only use this to play
       | Metal Arms and Mercenaries.
       | 
       | The first Xbox had a pretty lukewarm backlog.
        
         | sirwhinesalot wrote:
         | It had loads of good games! Ninja Gaiden, Otogi 1 & 2, Far Cry
         | Instincts, Crimson Skies, Panzer Dragoon Orta, Metal Wolf
         | Chaos, Project Gotham Racing, Jade Empire, Fable, Outrun 2006,
         | Splinter Cell, Burnout, Chronicles of Riddick, Conker,
         | Psychonauts, Unreal Championship 2, Oddworld, Forza, etc.
        
           | clircle wrote:
           | For me, it was the timed exclusivity of MGS2 substance
        
         | darknavi wrote:
         | Metal Arms, what a blast from the past!
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | I've been replaying the thing using xemu and it works very well.
        
       | skibz wrote:
       | This emulator has brought me hours of fun. A huge thank you to
       | the developers.
       | 
       | I also strongly recommend checking whether Insignia supports the
       | games you're playing on Xemu. If it does, grab a retail dashboard
       | hard disk image and try it out!
       | 
       | I think Insignia even recently added support for Halo 2, which is
       | pretty huge.
       | 
       | https://insignia.live
        
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