[HN Gopher] Deep sea mining could be worse for the climate than ...
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       Deep sea mining could be worse for the climate than land ores
        
       Author : neom
       Score  : 65 points
       Date   : 2024-04-05 14:35 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (planet-tracker.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (planet-tracker.org)
        
       | sunday_serif wrote:
       | I am always surprised when I find others don't just assume that
       | undersea mining is more impactful.
       | 
       | To me this fact feels like a given considering that is such a
       | complex operation and the sea is such a delicate environment.
       | 
       | Of course its great to have data to back up what we know... but
       | I'm always surprised that we have to go so far out of our way to
       | back up what should be intuitive.
        
         | whiplash451 wrote:
         | Indeed. Let alone the energy needed to move machines to the
         | deep and back with the extracted material.
        
         | sigzero wrote:
         | Agreed. I would have thought that as well.
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | Yep and it's one of the rare parts of the earth that has been
         | relatively undisturbed, so bringing industrial operations there
         | is obviously (if you're paying attention) going to have
         | unforeseen adverse effects. The entire planet's biological
         | origin started there and it's a region we don't yet thoroughly
         | understand. Mass scraping of the surface for cobalt and nickel
         | nodules is the very definition of fuck around and find out.
        
           | iraqmtpizza wrote:
           | doubt if godzilla actually gives a fuck if you disturb his
           | slumber, but sure
        
         | gweinberg wrote:
         | Well, obviously nobody is going to mine undersea for the sake
         | of mining undersea. If someone is going to go to the bother
         | there must be some advantage that compensates for the
         | difficulty. Maybe the ores are richer, or you don't have to dig
         | as deep.
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | The ore is sitting right there, in coalesced lumps, on the
           | floor for core green energy metals, and there's a general
           | acceptance that the orders of magnitude involved over the
           | next 3 decades _require_ getting them.
           | 
           | I don't mind the discussion on it the past couple days, god
           | knows wherever I get information from isn't the one blessed
           | source, but I am worried about HN's instinctual "from first
           | principles" reactions to undersea mining. Made me wince a
           | little bit when I saw the post you're replying to say "I am
           | always surprised when I find others don't just assume that
           | undersea mining is more impactful."
           | 
           | I really appreciated you gently pointing out there's other
           | smart humans on this and they likely have considered things
           | like the environment.
        
         | henearkr wrote:
         | But I also wonder, with what fishermen are already inflicting
         | to sea floors, would sea mining worsen anything if e.g. it
         | comes right after...
        
       | eschulz wrote:
       | A serious concern is how mining operations won't really be
       | observed as much when they're working at the bottom of the sea.
       | Blowing up a mountain may be subject to witnesses - at least
       | satellite imagery for very rural areas. On the other hand, who
       | can observe the actions of deep sea mining? There won't always be
       | an enormous oil slick to let the public know that someone has
       | been reckless down below.
        
         | red-iron-pine wrote:
         | we'll find out when the dead fish wash up and start rotting
        
       | scottLobster wrote:
       | We're going to need exponentially more metals of all varieties to
       | build all the green tech to save the environment, and they have
       | to come from somewhere. If deep sea mining makes economic sense
       | then let's do it!
       | 
       | Now, if deep sea mining only makes economic sense because
       | misguided policy prevents land based mining for the same
       | materials, then sure let's revise the policy instead.
       | 
       | But we need to de-carbonize. If there's any industry that should
       | get a pass on carbon emissions it's mining for industrial metals.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | In my country, the party that proclaims the end of the world
         | due to climate change (note how it is no longer just ,,global
         | warming") shut off the last remaining nuclear power plants,
         | increasing lignite consumption.
         | 
         | Holding conflicting POVs at the same time is not a challenge
         | for these people.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | They _aren 't_ conflicting points of view... because these
           | people don't care about the climate at all. If they did,
           | they'd be all for:
           | 
           | - transitioning dirty fuels to natural gas
           | 
           | - transitioning natural gas to electric
           | 
           | - nuclear power
           | 
           | - economic growth (green solutions are expensive and only
           | rich people care about the environment)
           | 
           | - dense cities
           | 
           | But as you point out, they cherry-pick only some of these.
           | 
           | The reason is simple... they believe in one or both of two
           | things:
           | 
           | - getting elected
           | 
           | - anti-humanism
           | 
           | The medieval Christian belief in an inherently wicked
           | humanity (original sin) has been replaced by a modern anti-
           | development, there-should-be-fewer-of-us mindset.
        
       | vlachen wrote:
       | Straight out of "The Wild Robot Protects" by Peter Brown.
        
       | matznerd wrote:
       | We don't need to go to the ocean for metals. There are new
       | technologies that can recover metals much less destructively from
       | "unconventional resources" that are already exposed or naturally
       | exposed. And some of those mienral resources are ones that can
       | create benefits to the planet, such as carbon dioxide removal.
       | One example is a process using hyperaccumulator plants to draw up
       | nickels from the soil, known as phytomining.
       | 
       | Full disclosure, I have been working for the last two years
       | developing this technology, but combining enhanced weathering of
       | olivine for carbon dioxide removal, with nickel phytomining in
       | order to solve two problems at once. Leaving stealth finally
       | after two years, look out next week for an announcement... Will
       | post here.
        
         | namibj wrote:
         | What do you think of developing electrochemistry to e.g.
         | recover silicon, magnesium, and iron from the very common
         | olivine? Yeah, the other two aren't used much today, but they
         | seem to be superior in specific strength to steel, and mostly
         | not used because they're expensive today (and because silicon
         | is brittle).
         | 
         | Similarly, sea salt has many elements of interest; there's a
         | lot of sodium but afterwards a good variety. Desalination
         | plants already concentrate these up.
        
         | henearkr wrote:
         | Looking forward to reading your post!!
         | 
         | Seems exciting!
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | I'm not convinced. planet-tracker says that refinement method,
       | not ore source, determines carbon intensity. But deep sea nodules
       | are richer than ore on land, which means they use less energy per
       | unit of refined product. This is born out by the actual planet-
       | tracker report: they themselves show that the highest estimates
       | for sea-based carbon intensity are lower than all but the lowest
       | estimates for land-based carbon intensity. Sea-based mining only
       | looks bad if you compare the worst assumptions about sea-based
       | mining with the best assumptions about land-based mining.
       | 
       | Planet-tracker also raises the concern that sea-based mining
       | could theoretically disturb carbon which is sequestered on the
       | ocean floor. However, there isn't much circulation between the
       | top of the ocean and the depth at which sea-based mining would
       | occur, so this effect may be minimal or non-existent.
       | 
       | Additionally, the study neglects to consider how increased
       | availability of critical metals could accelerate green technology
       | adoption. Even if sea-based mining was somewhat worse for the
       | environment on a kg co2/kg metal basis, it could be beneficial if
       | it made EV batteries more economical.
       | 
       | I'm not saying that we should give companies unfettered access to
       | the ocean floor. But planet-tracker's call for a moratorium on
       | deep sea mining is counterproductive.
       | 
       | The best course of action is to allow for a limited amount of
       | mining in the Clarion Clipperton Zone so that scientists can
       | study the resulting sediment plums. Advocates should be pushing
       | the International Seabed Authority and governments to fund more
       | research, not trying to block mining altogether.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | It makes sense, everything kicked up will go into the water
       | instead of falling back to the ground, we will be directly
       | polluting the oceans.
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | And then it will settle on the seafloor again. How did it end
         | up there in the first place? By being denser than water.
        
           | nprateem wrote:
           | Yes and in the meantime sea creatures that rely on sight will
           | starve, and the ocean will absorb more heat from the sun.
           | This will further speed up its destruction while causing more
           | catastrophic weather events on the surface.
           | 
           | Absolutely nothing to be concerned about.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | Calm down with the hyperbole. Catastrophic weather events,
             | my lord.
             | 
             | Concern for the planet and climate is a worthy cause and
             | ought not to be discredited by obvious nonsense like this.
             | Extreme reactionary climate conservatism is ultimately
             | self-defeating, much like it's less sexy social
             | conservatism cousin.
             | 
             | Sea floor mining will happen at 200m - 6500m deep. The
             | recently granted exploration license for the Clarion-
             | Clipperton zone is at 4000-5500m deep. There's very little
             | life that deep, and certainly no sunlight to get absorbed
             | by murkier water.
        
             | jstmm wrote:
             | why will the ocean absorb more heat from the sun if 'sea
             | creatures that rely on sight will starve'?
        
       | fractallyte wrote:
       | Why so much focus on climate? Sure, it affects humanity directly,
       | but we're not the only species on Earth.
       | 
       | What about the ecological impact of deep sea mining? What about
       | the cascade through connected ecosystems, which we know so little
       | about? Yes, it eventually _will_ indirectly affect humanity too.
       | 
       | This kind of anthropocentrism is exactly the problem. We should
       | be equally concerned about the fauna and flora with which we
       | share our planet.
        
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       (page generated 2024-04-05 23:00 UTC)