[HN Gopher] Anatomy of a credit card rewards program
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Anatomy of a credit card rewards program
        
       Author : disgruntledphd2
       Score  : 768 points
       Date   : 2024-04-04 10:35 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bitsaboutmoney.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bitsaboutmoney.com)
        
       | isodev wrote:
       | The AI generated cover image was kind of distracting to be
       | honest. If having a full-screen image to go with the post was so
       | important, one would have contracted a designer or just purchased
       | something cool.
       | 
       | The post was informative though.
        
         | madeofpalk wrote:
         | in 2013 we had generic unsplash bokeh-rich images for blog
         | posts. Now, we have generic AI generated images. There's not
         | _that_ much different. I agree - in both cases they 're fairly
         | distracting.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The common wisdom among a number of publications I've written
           | for is that you need some sort of graphic, even if generic,
           | mostly for reasons of social media sharing (and, these days,
           | because a lot of blog templates assume a post has an image).
           | 
           | Those publications usually had a contract with some provider
           | of public domain or CC-licensed fairly generic graphics.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | You don't like the upgraded variety of kings or the brand new
         | bishopknoght that can move in a W shape?
        
           | pcl wrote:
           | The bishopknight beast is my favorite for sure!
        
         | vinni2 wrote:
         | I also wonder if in future search engines would rank pages
         | containing AI generated images or content lower.
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | It would be great if they were not ranked at all and
           | discarded.
        
           | add-sub-mul-div wrote:
           | The search engine companies are the ones shoving AI down our
           | throats the hardest because they're the ones set up to profit
           | most from it.
        
           | supertrope wrote:
           | Google cites the problem of LLM powered SEO spam. They were
           | very careful to avoid saying "AI" or to mention who developed
           | this new technology.
           | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/03/google-wants-to-
           | clos...
        
         | MOARDONGZPLZ wrote:
         | The image content and size is annoying, agreed, but I imagine
         | that, like myself, they would go without an image if it meant
         | contacting a designer and spending time negotiating rates,
         | ideating on designs, and waiting on project completion. It
         | takes seconds and is free to generate a neat image with AI that
         | can be very additive to something like this, but unless you're
         | NY Times or WSJ doing a long form article, it's probably
         | unreasonable to expect anyone to get something explicitly
         | designed and paid for in this context.
        
           | isodev wrote:
           | Well, in that case I'd say it's better to publish a post
           | without a cover image. There are plenty of websites that
           | offer the choices between high-quality, royalty-free images
           | or make it easy to buy one.
        
           | ggpsv wrote:
           | I believe the parent was hinting at the other possibility:
           | not use an image at all.
           | 
           | When I see these AI-generated cover images in posts I'm left
           | with a bad taste in my mouth. They look "ok" when glanced but
           | pay more than a second of attention and they're terrible and
           | uncanny.
           | 
           | If you truly care about the image's place in relation to the
           | post, you'd go through the process that you mention and most
           | likely you will end with a chess board and piece set that
           | make sense, as opposed to whatever the image in the OP
           | actually represents.
           | 
           | I agree with the folks behind iA Writer on this:
           | 
           | > Average AI images drag down everything around them. An AI
           | hero image is a comedian opening the show with a knock-knock
           | joke. Good images enrich your article, bad images steal its
           | soul.
           | 
           | [0]: https://ia.net/topics/ai-art-is-the-new-stock-image
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | > _it's probably unreasonable to expect anyone to get
           | something explicitly designed and paid for in this context._
           | 
           | Besides the obvious answer of "then don't use an image", they
           | could also use a stock image.
        
           | wavemode wrote:
           | It also takes seconds, and is free, to Google for copyright-
           | free photographs.
           | 
           | What do you think people were doing before Dall-E came along
           | lmao
        
       | nkurz wrote:
       | An interesting article, but it doesn't sufficiently emphasize the
       | lede: When you use a reward card, the merchant is charged a
       | higher fee than if you used a "normal" card. Simply by putting a
       | different branding on the plastic you pay with, the credit card
       | issuer gets more money from each transaction.
       | 
       | The article goes on to ask the question "Why isn't every card a
       | rewards card?", meaning why doesn't every card pay cash back, but
       | I think the more interesting question is why every card isn't
       | branded in a way that makes the issuer more money. Why do they
       | bother to issue cards where they get paid less? Why not brand
       | every card as a "Signature Preferred" and then pocket the money
       | instead of giving it to the less discerning customers?
       | 
       | And the most interesting question only gets a handwave: "The
       | basic intuition underlying rewards cards as a product is that
       | highly desirable customers have options in how they spend their
       | money." But how far does this go in explaining why merchants
       | "choose" to participate in this program. The obvious answer would
       | seem to be that they get no benefit from the system as it exists
       | but have no real choice, but maybe there is a better answer?
       | 
       | I liked the topic, but wished the author could have given more
       | insight on what's happening behind the scenes to produce the
       | outcome we see.
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | The answer is that the system doesn't work if a 3%-fee card
         | isn't held by a low-risk, high-spend rich person. Indeed if
         | that weren't the case, merchants would reject the tiered fee
         | structure.
         | 
         | (This is also the answer as to why in the absence of
         | regulation, exchange fees aren't higher than they already are.)
        
           | ptero wrote:
           | Sorry, can you explain why the high spend is important? What
           | is the benefit of a low risk buyer having a single card vs
           | three different cards?
           | 
           | Low risk is clear -- the lower the risk the more money is
           | left, after handling problems, for the rebates and profits.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | Interchange. The fees go directly to the issuer not the
             | network (which collects much smaller scheme fees). If you
             | have 3 cards they'd almost certainly be for 3 different
             | issuers so they'd split the interchange. Making you less
             | valuable.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | > for the rebates and profits
             | 
             | And salaries and pensions, etc.
        
             | twoodfin wrote:
             | In this context, it's important to the merchants: They want
             | these customers, so they grit their teeth on the higher
             | interchange fees demanded by the banks. If the banks
             | started handing out these cards to everyone, the merchants
             | would revolt.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > the system doesn't work if a 3%-fee card isn't held by a
           | low-risk, high-spend rich person
           | 
           | There's many rewards cards that require an annual fee (which
           | encourages a high spend to recoup the fee with rewards). But
           | there are plenty of 1.5%-2% cards with no annual fee. You
           | just need a good credit score.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | Almost every card with an annual fee has enough credits and
             | perks to offset the annual fee without spending any money.
             | 
             | The second and third tier Delta cards come with a $250 and
             | $650 Annual fee.
             | 
             | The second tier card (Delta Platinum) has an annual fee of
             | $350. But it comes with a $150 Delta Stays credit for
             | hotels and one round trip an economy companion pass -
             | basically buy one get one free - for any place in the US,
             | Mexico, Central America or the Caribbean.
             | 
             | The higher end Delta Reserve comes with similar benefits.
             | But a first class companion pass. If you never use either
             | card except for the credit, the benefits more than offset
             | the annual fee. The Reserve also comes with airport lounge
             | access
             | 
             | I have three Delta cards just for those benefits.
             | 
             | I could explain the Amex Platinum, Gold, Green, every
             | cobranded hotel card, the high end Capital One cards the
             | same way.
             | 
             | The credit card companies as the article says are betting
             | that the typical customer will use credit cards in a
             | suboptimal manner. They are banking on most credit card
             | users not to be like the typical r/creditcards users who
             | carry 6-8 credit cards including "sock drawer" cards that
             | are just held for the outsized benefits to annual fees and
             | aren't their primary cards.
             | 
             | My wife and I travel a lot and yes I have nine cards and
             | $2700 worth of annual fees. Most of those cards are "sock
             | drawer" cards that are just used because the "coupons" make
             | travel cheaper.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | You need the right spending pattern and you need to
               | manage the card rewards. When my travel went way down, I
               | dropped a couple cards though I keep a pretty low-cost
               | United cobranded card to basically keep me with some
               | semblance of status. But things like airline club
               | membership just weren't worth it any longer.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I agree completely and I didn't even discuss the entire
               | "churning" strategy where there is an entire cottage
               | industry, a subreddit and a flowchart discussing how to
               | get sign up bonuses and how to get the best return.
               | 
               | (I am not affiliated with this site in any way)
               | 
               | https://www.offeroptimist.com/
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | At some point the maintenance becomes too complex and
               | people just either use the card or eat the fee.
               | 
               | They know exactly how many do this. The people who churn
               | are just free advertising for them.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Is it worth it for someone who likes to travel, and wants
               | to save for retirement and never wants to "work for a
               | FAANG" (again) like in my case? I would say so.
               | 
               | Just from the cash savings of my card setup, I would say
               | it's worth $3500 that offsets the $2700 in annual fees.
               | 
               | Then take into account the points I earn from everyday
               | spend is worth another $3000-$5000 depending on how I
               | choose to redeem them (see r/awardtravel).
               | 
               | Then take into account sign up bonuses and churning, I'm
               | planning on doing over the next year worth around $5000.
               | 
               | It's the only way that I can balance our travel hobbies
               | with my goals of maxing out my 401k including catch up
               | contributions (I turn 50 this year), max out my HSA and
               | not use it and "retire my wife" so she can enjoy her
               | hobbies.
               | 
               | This hobby isn't just for people with above average
               | incomes. If you are steeped in the culture, you can lean
               | more toward churning and legal manufactured spending
               | 
               | https://frequentmiler.com/manufactured-spending-complete-
               | gui...
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Ah, for the era of buying dollar coins and flooding your
               | bank with them. Brings back memories.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | The other benefit the Delta AmEx (and I presume other
               | AmEx cards) gives are the various merchant discounts. In
               | the past year I've gotten statement credits totaling
               | about $600 by using the card to pay for various streaming
               | services, shoes and clothes, certain restaurants and even
               | my utility bill. The offers rotate every few months but I
               | make sure to scan them when I login to view my statements
               | and activate any of them I think I might use.
               | 
               | All of these things were items I was already using or
               | would have purchased anyway and the discounts stack on
               | top of any available merchant coupons too since they are
               | credits coming straight from AmEx.
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> But how far does this go in explaining why merchants
         | "choose" to participate in this program. The obvious answer
         | would seem to be that they get no benefit from the system as it
         | exists but have no real choice, _
         | 
         | Some merchants like Amazon, Target, Home Depot etc do want the
         | ability to refuse the "rewards cards" with higher fees but
         | can't because of the current contracts they have for credit-
         | card acceptance. If a merchant signs a contract to accept VISA
         | cards, they _must accept all VISA cards_ and therefore can 't
         | selectively choose to reject some VISA cards because of higher
         | swipe fees.
         | 
         | https://thepointsguy.com/news/retailers-want-to-reject-rewar...
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=merchants+want+to+refuse+rew...
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | Large merchants also pay much less for interchange generally.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Small merchants negotiate with Stripe for a flat fee to
             | accept all cards. Big merchants negotiate with the networks
             | and pay varying prices for varying rewards amounts (or
             | however they get the deal structured).
        
               | scarby2 wrote:
               | Interestingly my flat fee with stripe is less than my
               | reward rate on my credit card for some categories. It
               | obviously is against the contract terms and probably
               | considered fraud but I could theoretically make about
               | 1.4-3 cents on the dollar (depending how you value
               | points) by charging myself money.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | This comes up in the article.
        
           | illusive4080 wrote:
           | If only Walmart would take contactless payments.
        
             | jen20 wrote:
             | Presumably they do not because they want to track you via
             | your credit card number, and permitting Apple Pay (maybe
             | others too) would hinder that.
        
               | illusive4080 wrote:
               | I presume the same.
        
               | c0wb0yc0d3r wrote:
               | I always rate my experience 1 star when checking out at
               | Walmart because of this. Probably won't change anything,
               | but I feel I can't just stop going to Walmart because
               | then Amazon is the only place left. Which is also fucked
               | up but let's stay on topic.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | It's more that they want to try and convince people to
               | pay with Walmart's own lower-cost (to them) app if you
               | want to do contactless payments from your phone. If they
               | made it easier to use Apple Pay, why would anyone ever
               | use their app?
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Why would paying with the Walmart app be lower cost to
               | Walmart? Both the Walmart app and Apple Pay are
               | essentially, as far as payments go, just digital wallets
               | that you can store credit card information in.
               | 
               | When you use them it is still a charge to one of those
               | credit cards.
               | 
               | It might actually cost Walmart more in my case, because
               | the card I have on file has larger rewards for online
               | purchases than it does for in-store purchases, and the
               | Walmart app processes purchases as online even when made
               | in-store. If I pay with the physical card it is processed
               | as in-store.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Apple Pay is just as traceable if they want it to be.
               | 
               | They're just stubborn and want people to use their option
               | (and card, if possible).
               | 
               | As it is you can load any credit card into the Walmart
               | app and pay by pointing the "check price" barcode camera
               | at the screen.
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | > Apple Pay is just as traceable if they want it to be.
               | 
               | [Citation Needed].
               | 
               | On the other hand, stores like that probably already do
               | facial recognition on customers, so it really is just
               | intransigence to not allow contactless payments.
        
               | andrewaylett wrote:
               | Apple Pay and Google Pay have their own virtual numbers,
               | rather than using your regular card number, but the
               | number doesn't rotate.
               | 
               | For example, our local bus company can quite happily
               | offer capped daily and weekly fares when folk use the
               | same device to pay.
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | Your local bus company isn't trying to correlate your
               | activity across multiple retailers to try to squeeze an
               | extra few cents of value from you, though.
        
               | supertrope wrote:
               | The device account number does not rotate with every
               | transaction. You have to unlink your device from your
               | credit account and re-enroll to do that.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | See https://birchtree.me/blog/digital-wallets-and-the-
               | only-apple... - the DPAN stays the same at a particular
               | merchant, so Walmart sees all but can't necessarily
               | directly "know" what you're buying at other stores.
        
             | yoshamano wrote:
             | It has more to do with making Walmart Pay the only
             | contactless option to drive adoption of their mobile app.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I confess that I don't understand what the big deal is. It
             | takes 5 seconds to slide the card into the machine.
             | Personally, I find fumbling with my phone takes longer as
             | does figuring out where the reader wants to tap the card if
             | I'm not familiar with that particular store's system.
        
               | aembleton wrote:
               | It means you've got to take the card with you.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Some of it may be that if I'm in a store, I've almost
               | certainly driven there so I probably have my (small)
               | wallet with me.
        
               | wincy wrote:
               | I use Walmart pay with their app. But then again we've
               | totally given up buying off Amazon and do grocery pickup
               | or delivery from Walmart. For 90% of items this is faster
               | than we'd get it from Amazon.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | How often do you find yourself somewhere with your phone
               | but not your wallet?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > I don't understand what the big deal is. It takes 5
               | seconds to slide the card into the machine
               | 
               | For most people, there's the time to get their wallet or
               | equivalent out of pockets or purses, fiddle to get the
               | card, put it the correct way and swipe (but not too fast
               | or too slow!). Vs a phone/watch tap which is usually much
               | more convenient.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I guess it's what you're used to. I have a small wallet I
               | carry in a front pocket, haven't had to _swipe_ a card in
               | ages, and it takes 5 seconds to insert the card.
               | 
               | Maybe if I wore my Apple Watch more, I'd get used to
               | using it but the card just seems more straightforward in
               | general. Maybe I'll insert and maybe I'll tap. I'm pretty
               | indifferent.
        
               | kingrazor wrote:
               | It would take me just as long to get my phone out of my
               | pocket as it would to get my wallet out. Plus a lot of
               | machines have tap pay now if your card supports it.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | > Personally, I find fumbling with my phone takes longer
               | as does figuring out where the reader wants to tap the
               | card if I'm not familiar with that particular store's
               | system.
               | 
               | Aren't both of these just symptoms of unfamiliarity with
               | the tech?
               | 
               | I resisted phone payments for a while, until one day I
               | forgot my wallet and quickly added a few cards to my
               | phone. Now I'm severely tempted to use it more often--my
               | phone has a wallet button on the lock screen that jumps
               | me straight there ready to pay with my default card. I've
               | definitely experienced some friction the two times I've
               | used it, but it seems pretty clear that that friction is
               | temporary while I'm still becoming familiar with it.
        
               | seanw444 wrote:
               | Even then, I can tap with the card, which tends to
               | register faster than inserting too. No garbage
               | proprietary software required to be installed on my
               | phone, and I still get contactless.
        
               | tcmart14 wrote:
               | I like contactless just because for some reason, my cards
               | always get beat up and the chips become problematic on my
               | cards after about a year. They just sit in my wallet. But
               | half the time I go to pay with my card, I have to dip
               | twice because the first time, the chip reader always says
               | it is unable to read the chip.
               | 
               | I've also had issues at Walmart where I know some lanes
               | to flat out avoid because the chip readers will always
               | reject my card for unable to read the chip. With my
               | phone, this isn't an issue. Even if I get a new card,
               | wait 8-12 months and its the same problem again.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | You can do contactless on your card.
        
               | tcmart14 wrote:
               | If your bank issues you a card with it. I got a new card
               | about 6 months ago, doesn't support contactless.
               | 
               | But I am aware that the cards exist and I am not opposed
               | to it. With contactless I am fine with it being on my
               | phone or card. But I gotta have a card that has
               | contactless to be able to use it.
        
               | turtsmcgerts wrote:
               | You know what would be more durable - a 4'' solid
               | aluminum emv chip shaped coaster. Check us out at
               | aluminum.finance pw 'aluminum' and let me know what you
               | think!
        
               | illusive4080 wrote:
               | I use it on my watch. Double click the side button even
               | when my watch is under a jacket and just hold it in the
               | vicinity of the reader. It's very easy once you get used
               | to it.
        
               | mdaniel wrote:
               | > It takes 5 seconds to slide the card into the machine.
               | 
               | It sure does, and then 45 seconds while the machine ...
               | thinks about life, and then 15 seconds for it to say
               | "chip read error, reinsert card" and then another 45
               | seconds for it to reconsider the nature of reality, and
               | then listening to a fire alarm sound that they chose for
               | the _success_ alarm. Excellent UX, no notes
        
               | StevePerkins wrote:
               | Same, and I note that the OVERWHELMING majority of other
               | customers that I see at the grocery store or Target are
               | still inserting plastic credit cards into the readers (I
               | do think swiping is going extinct though, as the readers
               | push you to insert instead).
               | 
               | However, this is HN and not at all typical of the U.S. or
               | world overall. Even though we frequently lose sight of
               | that.
        
           | TimPC wrote:
           | This is actually the reason lower fee cards exist. If every
           | card had a 5% transaction cost no merchant would sign up for
           | that card brand. If the merchant is convinced their average
           | transaction cost will be lower because some of the cards will
           | be cheaper you can get away with some expensive cards.
        
             | ajdude wrote:
             | And this is why many small businesses in my area don't
             | accept American Express cards full stop. Some don't even
             | accept Discover.
        
               | Iulioh wrote:
               | Here in Europe I see AE accepted only for digital goods,
               | high margin stuff or international (read American)chains
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | American Express has really targeted the French market,
               | there are all sorts of small stores (like bakeries,
               | pharmacies (not American pharmacies - only medicine and
               | very closely related stuff like creams and diapers) and
               | similar size) with proud "Amex accepted here" signs.
               | There was even an Amex program a few years back giving
               | 5euros back on transactions of more than 20 euros in
               | small shops like that.
        
               | i80and wrote:
               | This is interestingly regional: in the part of NJ where I
               | live, every small business has an Amex "shop local"
               | sticker on their front window
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | AmEx has worked hard to keep their home turf around New
               | York City friendly to their cards.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | I thought(maybe ignorantly) that a lot of merchants
               | didn't like Amex because it was so easy for customers to
               | dispute transactions.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Are they bound by contract not to offer a discount for casher
           | buyers?
           | 
           | I ask because when I was in Germany (and, granted, this was a
           | few decades ago) you got some percent off the price if you
           | paid cash. Merchants there seemed pretty credit-card averse.
        
             | gtirloni wrote:
             | Where I live it'd used to be possible to get a discount if
             | you paid cash but it was deemed discriminatory against card
             | holders and so it was banned. It's the same price
             | regardless of payment method.
        
               | posix86 wrote:
               | It removes the incentive for clients to use cash if a
               | card option is available, makes them more used to paying
               | by card, and hence decreases the competitiveness of
               | merchants that don't offer card at all - until cards
               | become so wide spread that many merchants don't even
               | accept cash at all, like where I live.
               | 
               | A bit hostile towards merchants, but very nice for
               | consumers imo.
        
               | oarsinsync wrote:
               | > A bit hostile towards merchants, but very nice for
               | consumers imo.
               | 
               | It's nice for consumers who prefer to pay by card. It's
               | hostile towards consumers who prefer to pay in cash.
        
             | red-iron-pine wrote:
             | That's still a thing in Canada and the US in various
             | places, generally "mom and pop" run business.
             | 
             | Credit card fees for small orgs are like 1-2% so for a
             | small biz that could pinch. Cash also lets you, uh, "fudge"
             | your numbers for tax purposes.
        
               | i80and wrote:
               | There's a good sushi place near me that gives a _10%_
               | discount for cash. I 'm fascinated by this.
               | 
               | (I still use a card because life is short)
        
               | Tijdreiziger wrote:
               | That may just be good old-fashioned tax evasion.
               | 
               | (If you pay cash, the business owner can just pocket the
               | money without ever recording the transaction. For digital
               | payments, this is much harder to do undetected.)
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | It's tax evasion.
        
               | 725686 wrote:
               | First comment I see that addresses this. This is a big
               | part of accepting and paying cash. Tax evation. From both
               | sides.
        
               | photonbeam wrote:
               | Unrecorded cash payment makes it much easier to pay
               | undocumented staff
        
               | JosephGuerra wrote:
               | Yeah I often see small print on the fuel cost per gallon
               | as "cash price" .. I assume this happens mostly on low-
               | margin products.
        
             | consp wrote:
             | Which is the reason the cut is now capped and card
             | acceptance is higher, even for credit cards (0.3% for cc,
             | 0.2% for dc). Though low-margin businesses like grocery
             | store still don't accept them (credit cards) due to the
             | marginally higher fees in some countries.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | They used to be but the law was changed to make it illegal
             | for the card companies to demand that they don't offer a
             | cash discount (or charge more for credit). Smaller
             | businesses are doing that more and more since the pandemic
             | to try to hold to their prices as long as they can.
             | 
             | Big companies do a similar thing by offering you a store
             | card. Costco likely makes _more_ money from you when you
             | pay with your Costco card than if you pay cash, because
             | they get the interchange fee very very low and have to pay
             | to handle cash. Rumor was AMEX was eating the interchange
             | fee AND paying them ... because they more than made it up
             | by the customers who made the card Top Card.
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | In the EU, the opposite of this happened: the EU
               | directive PSD2 made it illegal for merchants to apply
               | surcharges on purchases using consumer credit and debit
               | cards from early 2018.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | I thought this was a UK govt being stupid thing. So it
               | was the EU to blame!
               | 
               | Given what this article says, it sounds as though not
               | only are cash buyers cross-subsidising card buyers, but
               | non-rewards card buyers are cross subsidising rewards
               | card buyers.
               | 
               | So much for free markets.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | They can do it now. In the past you had to offer same
             | prices, although you could negotiate.
             | 
             | It's usually motivated more by mom and pops skimming taxes
             | than 3% credit card fees. If you do any kind of volume,
             | there isn't a ton of savings as cash management ain't free.
             | 
             | The electronic equivalent is people who take personal Venmo
             | at retail.
        
             | mminer237 wrote:
             | They used to but got sued over it, and in 2012 settled it
             | partially by ending the practice:
             | https://www.barclaydamon.com/alerts/What-the-Credit-Card-
             | Set...
        
             | brk wrote:
             | All the CC contracts I have ever seen only prevented you
             | from discriminating against a particular card/brand if you
             | took credit cards. You could offer a cash discount as a
             | policy, but you couldn't charge AMEX holders an extra 1%,
             | as an example.
        
             | alexchamberlain wrote:
             | It's pretty expensive to take cash. First, you have to keep
             | a float of money for change. Then you have to secure the
             | cash until you deposit it in the bank. Then sink some time
             | into counting and depositing it, before being charged by
             | your bank for depositing cash. That must very quickly add
             | up to a percentage point or 2.
        
           | ensignavenger wrote:
           | What I want to do is pass on the exact processing fee to my
           | customers, then they can choose their payment method based on
           | how much it is going to cost them. I might then choose to
           | cover a portion of the fee for electronic transactions,
           | because they mean I save money vs processing cash. But the
           | customer would pay the excess.
           | 
           | I would need a system that can display to the customer what
           | fee they would be charged with their selected payment method,
           | and be given an option to switch to a less expensive payment
           | method.
        
             | i80and wrote:
             | Some donation platforms do this! They show and add on the
             | processing fee for VISA/MC and Amex separately, and Amex is
             | a little higher.
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | Do they account for the different interchange rates on
               | different classes of cards within a processing network?
               | Not every merchant will want to be that granular, but I
               | think it is worth it for big ticket items.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | I don't think most merchants have the option to be that
               | granular. I believe that most payment processors only
               | provide a simplified view of interchange rates (and other
               | fees) to all but very large merchants.
               | 
               | For example Braintree is 2.59% + $0.49/transaction, plus
               | 1% if non-USD and 1% if the card was issued outside the
               | US.
               | 
               | They used to split transactions into two tiers, based on
               | how much the actual interchange and other fees were, and
               | you monthly bill as a merchant would show charges for
               | each tier. Within each tier the charge to the merchant
               | was a fixed percentage and a fixed transaction fee. There
               | was no good way for the merchant to know ahead of time
               | which tier a given charge would fall under, although they
               | could guess that a high rewards card was more likely to
               | fall into the higher fee tier.
        
               | briandear wrote:
               | They should A/B test this. My theory is that this creates
               | some amount of friction. I was all set to donate $100,
               | but now I have to go find my debit card or figure out
               | some bank transfer nonsense and by the time I get back
               | (if I get back) my motivation to donate has diminished.
               | 
               | Donation platforms ought to do some analytics on this. If
               | I'm giving money, I want it to be simple without
               | requiring me to second guess.
               | 
               | If a donation platform takes Apple Pay, the friction is
               | even less. I don't want to fill out your stupid long
               | form, create a password, share my address or whatever.
               | 
               | But, I'm one person -- this might be an interesting
               | Masters thesis topic to study the behavioral economics of
               | donation platforms.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | What I've personally seen is a checkbox, you put in your
               | donation amount and then you can check/uncheck "cover
               | processing fees."
               | 
               | Found an example - https://donorbox.org/nonprofit-
               | blog/donors-to-cover-processi...
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | It's already impossible in the USA to know what you're
             | going to pay for something until you get to the checkout
             | line. This just makes it worse.
             | 
             | Why not go even further? Itemize the marginal cost of
             | maintaining your property's parking lot for those customers
             | who visit your business by car? Charge customers a "store
             | heating fee" in the winter? Customer support fee if they
             | talk to anyone? Just as ridiculous. Processing credit cards
             | is just one of many costs of doing business that you need
             | to account for when you price your products.
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | I can give discounts to customers however I want to,
               | thank you. As long as the customer knows what card they
               | are going to use, they know exactly what the cost will
               | be. I am all for posting sales tax rates as well as any
               | transaction processing fees at the door, too, though.
        
               | zoky wrote:
               | No thanks, I'm just gonna go to the grocery store down
               | the street where they don't make me do linear algebra
               | just to buy a box of Froot Loops.
        
               | miki123211 wrote:
               | > Itemize the marginal cost of maintaining your
               | property's parking lot for those customers who visit your
               | business by car
               | 
               | This isn't that uncommon, quite a few places in Europe do
               | this actually.
               | 
               | Usually there's a barrier at the parking lot entrance.
               | You get a ticket when entering, which you then have to
               | put in a machine when leaving. The machine calculates
               | your fee based on how long your car was parked. Modern
               | systems are far more automated and use license plate
               | readers instead.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | They eliminates your ability to advertise prices honestly,
             | without overwhelming your customers with detail that will
             | distract them.
        
               | quasse wrote:
               | ... So just like US sales tax already does? I'm not
               | saying it's a good system, but I'm already paying some
               | random amount on top of the sticker price for everything
               | I buy, depending on what state, county, and city I'm in
               | at the time.
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | I will clearly state which payment methods are free and
               | which ones the customer will pay a conveniance fee or
               | recieve a discount if they use. I will clearly show the
               | customer at checkout what their total is with their
               | chosen payment and shipping (if applicable) options would
               | be, and give them the opportunity to change their
               | selection. It is about customer choice and convenience.
               | You are welcome to shop somewhere else that bundles these
               | expenses into the price of the item and givea you no
               | choice in avoiding them.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | I can only speak for me, but if I have to do that much
               | mental math to figure out the best options to pay or see
               | a bunch of random (to me) fees and adjustments at
               | checkout, I'm leaving and going somewhere else. It feels
               | scammy even if your goals are noble.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | If the sign said you pay 5% for AmEx, 4% for Visa and 0%
               | for cash, you don't have to do any arithmetic to see
               | which number is smaller.
        
               | ThunderSizzle wrote:
               | What's the fee for counterfeit cash? Or illegally gained
               | cash?
               | 
               | What's the fee for cash the requires quite a bit of
               | change? What's the fee for cash that is composed of very
               | small values (e.g. quarters and dimes for a tv)?
               | 
               | It's interesting that all of these complications are
               | ignored entirely when pricing payment methods. Handling
               | cash isn't free and carries risk.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > What's the fee for counterfeit cash? Or illegally
               | gained cash?
               | 
               | What's the fee for credit card chargebacks from stolen
               | cards, or chargeback fraud from customers who receive a
               | product and then dispute the charge anyway?
               | 
               | > What's the fee for cash the requires quite a bit of
               | change?
               | 
               | There are machines that count coins and issue exact
               | change. If you do a lot of cash business, you buy one.
               | For example, the self-checkout machines at Walmart do
               | this.
               | 
               | The largest denomination still issued for US cash is
               | $100, so no cash transaction will require more change
               | than this, and some merchants don't accept large bills
               | for small transactions.
               | 
               | > What's the fee for cash that is composed of very small
               | values (e.g. quarters and dimes for a tv)?
               | 
               | How often do you think that actually happens?
               | 
               | Also, how are costs like this to be avoided unless you
               | stop accepting cash whatsoever, and thereby lose
               | business? Just eating the credit card fees instead of
               | passing them on isn't going to stop someone with a jug
               | full of nickels from wanting to spend them.
               | 
               | > Handling cash isn't free and carries risk.
               | 
               | Nothing is free. How about the time value of money for
               | the time it takes for the credit card companies to pay
               | you, as opposed to cash which you can immediately spend
               | or deposit and begin collecting interest on?
               | 
               | The issue is that credit card companies have the usual
               | set of costs and then on top of that charge significant
               | transaction fees and shift the cost of various types of
               | fraud to the merchant even though they're the ones who
               | designed the system that makes it easy to carry out.
        
               | briandear wrote:
               | Or just make your prices have the credit card fees built
               | in just like normal businesses. Your system is a ton of
               | work for very little benefit to anyone and it's probably
               | lowering your revenue and it's as annoying as places that
               | charge for takeout containers -- missing the point that
               | takeout containers encourage people to buy more food.
               | 
               | It's an unsophisticated approach to business. That's why
               | it's common in mom and pop places -- mom didn't go to
               | business school and pop is tripping over dollars to save
               | a nickle -- they see the "expense" but they can't see the
               | revenue that aren't getting.
               | 
               | There is a reason most small restaurants fail -- they
               | don't know how to be more profitable. So they start to
               | add on these little fees when they begin to struggle and
               | don't realize that they're making the problem worse. In
               | other words, most people that start restaurants don't
               | know what they're doing in the back office even if
               | they're great in the kitchen. Restaurants fail for many
               | reasons, but not controlling costs is the biggest --
               | however, they're naively choosing to control the wrong
               | costs.
               | 
               | One of my good friends owns a chain of 30 Tex-Mex
               | restaurants in Texas. After several burglaries of the
               | safe at several locations, they went cashless at some
               | locations. The cashless locations, without exception, saw
               | sales increase by over 12%. He quickly made all of his
               | stores cashless and sales increased among all stores. My
               | anecdote isn't data -- but there is plenty of data out
               | there.
               | 
               | The credit card surcharge scheme is endemic among small
               | business owners who actually haven't done the math. Or,
               | more accurately, they're doing the wrong math.
               | 
               | Credit card users spend more than cash users. So you make
               | up for the "savings" with lower sales volume. And credit
               | card users that have to pay higher prices will go
               | elsewhere. Or, if they pull out cash, they'll spend less
               | of it.
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83488-3
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > Your system is a ton of work for very little benefit to
               | anyone
               | 
               | It has the obvious benefit of discouraging people from
               | increasing your costs with rewards cards. Keep in mind
               | that businesses often have net margins in the vicinity of
               | 5% of revenue. Paying 3% of revenue or more to the credit
               | card company is heinous.
               | 
               | And what work is there to do? The calculation is done by
               | a computer. If your attitude is "just price in the cost"
               | well then there you go, you can pay the true cost of the
               | card you have without even looking at the alternatives.
               | Whereas if you want to get the lowest price then you have
               | to figure out which card has the lowest price. Removing
               | your option to do this is not going to save you money,
               | it's just going to cause you to pay the higher price at
               | all times, which you still have the choice to do.
               | 
               | > they see the "expense" but they can't see the revenue
               | that aren't getting.
               | 
               | Increasing sales by e.g. 15% while decreasing net profit
               | by up to 60% is often not a fantastic business decision.
               | 
               | > Credit card users spend more than cash users.
               | 
               | Which is why you accept them but provide a discount for
               | the people who don't use them and thereby don't expose
               | you to their fees.
               | 
               | > And credit card users that have to pay higher prices
               | will go elsewhere.
               | 
               | But they're not higher prices. Restaurant A charges
               | however much to everyone. Restaurant B charges exactly
               | the same amount to people who use credit cards and a few
               | percent less to people who pay cash. The people who
               | insist on using credit cards can go to either place and
               | pay the same amount, anyone willing to pay cash can get a
               | discount at Restaurant B.
        
             | carlosjobim wrote:
             | Do you actually want to do that? When a customer wants to
             | make a purchase, I think it is best to get the hell out of
             | their way and not go stand between their wallet and your
             | wallet, blocking their money and yapping about fees or some
             | other completely unimportant stuff.
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | Can't you just print up a sign for this?
             | 
             | I've seen signs that say stuff like "Prices listed are for
             | cash, 3% surcharge for credit cards."
             | 
             | How many different fee tiers are you as a retailer really
             | trying to charge?
        
           | morpheuskafka wrote:
           | That would cause a massive customer support and frustration
           | problem as regular customers don't know or care how their
           | card is classified and would complaint that it doesn't work.
           | This would affect both the merchant and the issuer
           | negatively.
        
         | matthewdgreen wrote:
         | The only thing I would add to your comment is that _merchants_
         | aren't the ones being forced to pay these stupid fees, it's
         | their customers (and primarily their poorer and often non-card
         | using ones) who are being quite heavily taxed to fund a
         | marketing scheme for rich customers. Most competitive
         | businesses can't afford to fund such an elaborate targeted
         | marketing campaign directly out of their fees without some
         | competitive pushback: hence the actual question you should ask
         | is why the entire system exists, and the answer has to do with
         | a pile of inefficiency and rent collection based on regulatory
         | capture.
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | While we're in this topic: why is unsecured credit card debt
           | NOT tax deductible but secured debt like HELOC is?
           | 
           | Fwiw I don't really care what the technical reason is, it's a
           | rhetorical question to add to the ways the credit system
           | holds back the poor.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | > While we're in this topic: why is unsecured credit card
             | debt NOT tax deductible but secured debt like HELOC is?
             | 
             | AFAIK it's a carve out specifically for houses. Car loan
             | interest isn't deductible despite being "secured".
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | It's a bargaining chip to get votes. If one party
               | promises a larger tax saving on homes, then homeowners
               | are more likely to vote for them.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | Besides that, there _may_ be some societal benefits to
               | increased home ownership.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | As I understand it, mortgage interest deductibility was
               | originally basically social policy (rightly or wrongly).
               | And you can't take a benefit like that away--even if the
               | government kind of did for most people by increasing the
               | standard deduction. (Which was probably not a terrible
               | way of doing so.)
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | The population likely to use HELOCs votes more and/or is
             | more populous, so they have more votes.
             | 
             | Same reason Medicare (old people) pays healthcare providers
             | more than Medicaid (young and poor people).
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | The real estate lobby is the largest lobby in the US.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | > the ways the credit system holds back the poor
             | 
             | It would be good to understand this better. Doesn't
             | everyone use a credit card? Not just the poor? Who are the
             | poor in this case? Are tax deduction rules anything to do
             | with the credit system?
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | Are you aware that merchants charge more for goods and
               | services so they can offset CC merchant fees? Even a cash
               | paying poor person who cannot get a CC is paying for
               | this.
               | 
               | My comment is to show another way this is perpetrated.
               | People saddled with CC debt could dig themselves out
               | faster if they could write off interest.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | People who are encumbered by credit card debt are usually
               | people who would still be better off taking the standard
               | deduction these days.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Exactly. It sounds harsh but those encumbered with
               | usurious credit card debt would be better served by being
               | forbidden from having it at all; but that's a position
               | strongly fought against on all sides.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > Are you aware that merchants charge more for goods and
               | services so they can offset CC merchant fees?
               | 
               | Well, some places add on a fee, but yes, agreed, some
               | places apply a blanket charge. I don't see how this
               | relates to the tax deduction.
               | 
               | > Even a cash paying poor person who cannot get a CC is
               | paying for this
               | 
               | This is about a tax deduction. Are you saying someone who
               | can't get a credit card is going to be meaningfully
               | affected by a tax deduction?
               | 
               | > People saddled with CC debt could dig themselves out
               | faster if they could write off interest.
               | 
               | This is true, but also the giant number of people who
               | just chose to get into credit card debt would be paying
               | less tax. If you want to make credit cards into
               | effectively interest-free loans then that might cause
               | issues.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | > but yes, agreed, some places apply a blanket charge. I
               | don't see how this relates to the tax deduction.
               | 
               | Earlier you asked me to explain how credit cards harm the
               | poor. I showed you, and now you complain that it doesn't
               | pertain to a tax deduction. It's not about a singular
               | thing. The singular thing was one token example of a
               | larger theme that for some reason you refuse to
               | acknowledge.
        
             | nfriedly wrote:
             | Granting a tax credit for something encourages that thing.
             | So, from that perspective, I think it makes some sense to
             | grant a tax credit for mortgage interest but not credit
             | card debt.
        
               | edwr wrote:
               | Tax credit for mortgage interest encourages speculative
               | investment in the housing market. Tax credit for credit
               | card debt encourages consumer economic activity.
        
               | red-iron-pine wrote:
               | you have to live somewhere.
               | 
               | maybe you rent, but renters DGAF about the local
               | community the way that homeowners do.
               | 
               | home (property) taxes also fund a lot local services,
               | schools, etc. you want prices higher and stable, and not
               | dominated too heavily by mega-corps that will weasel out
               | of paying said taxes.
        
               | i80and wrote:
               | I've rented in my town for ten years, and I care about it
               | a lot thank you very much.
               | 
               | Renters absolutely care about the local community.
        
               | mwexler wrote:
               | Though one can write off losses from gambling in the US.
               | 
               | I wish the tax code had more a more positive slant per
               | your point, but lobbying seems to be a bigger driver.
        
               | ScottEvtuch wrote:
               | Pretty sure you can only write off gambling losses to
               | offset gambling winnings, which entirely makes sense.
               | That way you only pay taxes on your net winnings for the
               | year.
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | I can confirm this.
        
             | keltex wrote:
             | You used to be able to deduct any consumer debt. But that
             | stopped in 1986. The reason was "Congress believed
             | deductions for personal interest encouraged people to
             | consume and stifle savings."
             | 
             | https://www.telegram.com/story/news/local/worcester/2007/03
             | /...
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | Which is kinda stupid, when the economy is based on
               | _people consuming_.
               | 
               | I guess Reagan's friends at that point wanted more money
               | for Wall Street to gamble.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | There used to be mostly piddling deductions for all sorts
               | of things that you don't have today. It's probably mostly
               | a positive to not keep track of things like sales tax in
               | order to minimize your income tax.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Deductions also cause people to go temporarily insane -
               | it's fine paying 5% unnecessarily because I get 2% back
               | on my taxes! Ignore the 3% that is gone forever ...
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Sales tax deduction still exists. 2017 law temporarily
               | lowered but didn't eliminate it.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | IF you itemize. 90% don't. Also, you can only deduct
               | sales tax OR state and local income taxes but not both.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Even then I'm not sure how much it affected the poorer
               | people, since you still had to overcome the standard
               | deduction (lower, sure).
               | 
               | The deduction on mortgage interest now mostly only
               | affects the well-off because the standard deduction for
               | married filing jointly is so high.
        
               | bonton89 wrote:
               | The the 1980s the deduction for mortgage interest would
               | have been significant, I suspect most people itemized
               | then. And the huge standard deductions we have now are a
               | fairly recent tax change.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | It was 3400 for a married couple in 1980, but yes, many
               | more people deducted mortgage interest until 2018 when
               | the standard deduction nearly doubled.
               | 
               | Many people didn't math the interest deduction correctly
               | - _only_ the amount over the standard deduction should be
               | counted, as you 'd get the standard deduction anyway. Can
               | vary depending on SALT and charity donations.
        
               | bonton89 wrote:
               | Yes, real estate tips always seemed full of self serving
               | nonsense to me and usually talked big about the tax
               | savings. But with my modest house and mortgage I
               | calculated that even at the start of my mortgage I saved
               | a whopping $800/yr on taxes with deductions versus the
               | standard deduction. I spent well more than that on
               | furnishings and repairs every year. And that tax
               | advantage (for me) disappeared entirely after maybe 5
               | years or something.
               | 
               | For a long time I would read money saving tips articles
               | and a tip that frequently came up in these and in pro
               | real estate pieces was that paying a single extra
               | mortgage payment per year would let you pay your mortgage
               | off 12-15 years early.
               | 
               | When you did the math you realized it was bogus. As near
               | as I can tell, this actually was true for one brief
               | period in the 1980s when mortgage rates were at their
               | zenith. Articles were written about this amazing tip well
               | into the 1990s before the BS was transcribed to the
               | internet and then repeated well into the super low
               | interest rate era where it wasn't even close to being
               | true.
               | 
               | Of course it wasn't even really true in the 1980s either.
               | Once interest rates went down you'd have been wise to
               | refinance at the newer lower rates instead of prepaying
               | the mortgage as it would improve your cash flow and lock
               | in the savings. So in reality, it would have only made
               | sense if interest rates had stayed at that same high rate
               | for the whole length of the mortgage!
        
               | gottorf wrote:
               | > encouraged people to consume and stifle savings
               | 
               | Ironic in hindsight; every monetary and fiscal policy as
               | of late seems to be designed to punish savers and reward
               | debtors.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Hard to extract profit from the fiscally responsible.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | It was! Auto leases were deductible too which was a big
             | subsidy for the auto industry.
             | 
             | Once rich people figured out how to get poor people to be
             | angry about things like higher marginal tax rates for rich
             | people and "death taxes", we raised taxes on the suckers to
             | benefit the richer people.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | To a first approximation, no one actually takes advantage
             | of the mortgage tax deduction any more because the standard
             | deduction is so high and the cap on state tax/property
             | taxes is so low that most people don't itemize.
             | 
             | Only about 10% itemize.
             | 
             | https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-are-
             | itemi....
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And the majority of those make more than $500K. The
               | deductions are probably mostly some combination of
               | mortgages on very expensive properties or very large
               | charitable contributions, probably often tax-shielded in
               | some manner.
        
               | mcguirep wrote:
               | You can't deduct interest on personal income tax for
               | mortgages over $750,000, so it seems somewhat unlikely
               | that such deductions make up any significant amount of
               | the deductions: https://www.irs.gov/publications/p936#en_
               | US_2023_publink1000...
        
               | junar wrote:
               | The $750,000 amounts to a cap on the deduction. If your
               | mortgage is in excess of that amount, you would pro-rate
               | the deductible interest accordingly.
               | 
               | I think it's reasonable to say that the folks with the
               | largest mortgages are the ones most likely to itemize
               | mortgage interest, even if they are capped.
        
             | sgerenser wrote:
             | HELOC debt is (since 2017 TCJA) now only deductible if used
             | to purchase or upgrade/repair the house. And now the vast
             | majority of people are not going to be deducting any
             | mortgage or HELOC debt anyway, since the standard deduction
             | is so high now.
        
             | jjav wrote:
             | > While we're in this topic: why is unsecured credit card
             | debt NOT tax deductible but secured debt like HELOC is?
             | 
             | HELOC interest is rarely deductible either. First, you now
             | must be able to itemize deductions, which the recent tax
             | changes have made very unlikely. Less than 12% of tax
             | returns are able to itemize:
             | 
             | https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/soi-a-inpre-id2303.pdf
             | 
             | In addition, even if you are in that ~11% who can itemize,
             | HELOC interest is only deductible if you use it to work on
             | the same house being used to get the LOC. Any other use is
             | not deductible.
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | > The only thing I would add to your comment is that
           | merchants aren't the ones being forced to pay these stupid
           | fees, it's their customers (and primarily their poorer and
           | often non-card using ones) who are being quite heavily taxed
           | to fund a marketing scheme for rich customers.
           | 
           | Counterpoint: i will pay you $500 if any of the big retailers
           | (>2k stores) lowers prices now and cites "lower credit card
           | fees means we can charge less".
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Do you think prices would remain the same if interchange
             | fees doubled?
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | If the company _could_ profitably charge more for their
               | products, they already would be, regardless of what
               | interchange fees (or other costs) were.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Raising costs means they need to charge more somewhere or
               | lower transaction. Unless in monopoly situation, price
               | pressure goes both ways.
               | 
               | If competitors can lower prices, whole market eventually
               | ends up having to do that.
        
               | rqtwteye wrote:
               | During the current inflation companies have used
               | inflation as excuse to raise their prices way above
               | inflation. It may be the same here. Publicly state that
               | interchange fees are the reason for the increase but
               | raise the price by way more than the increase in fees.
        
             | supertrope wrote:
             | Because of the stickiness of prices, passing through of
             | cost savings usually manifest as slower inflation. Costco
             | is rumored to have negotiated 0.3% from Visa in exchange
             | for exclusivity. This is part of how they are able to sell
             | goods at thin markups. Aldi USA used to only take debit
             | cards. They caved and now take credit cards. Travelers
             | Insurance offers two prices on every quote: by bank account
             | or a higher one by credit card.
             | 
             | http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2015-how-amex-lost-
             | costco/
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | Most insurances do charge lower fees for direct deposit -
               | Allstate does it at well.
        
               | rqtwteye wrote:
               | Comcast too. I get five dollars off per month for direct
               | deposit. I believe it's less about fees but more about
               | avoiding chargebacks.
        
         | miroljub wrote:
         | It's the legislation that disallows vendors to have different
         | pricing based on the payment system that disaligns the
         | incentives.
         | 
         | If I have a card that gives back 2% to me, back causes 5% fees
         | to the vendor, both of us would be better off if I used a card
         | with 1% fee, and the vendor gives me 2% discount.
         | Unfortunately, not allowed.
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | It's been mostly legal to charge credit card surcharge fees
           | since 2013. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=5c
           | 6e1264-42a8...
           | 
           | The real reason that most merchants don't charge surcharges
           | is that they don't want to lose the sale, calculating the
           | actual interchange is wildly complex and in general they
           | prefer cards to cash.
        
             | pkaeding wrote:
             | There are definitely a good number of small businesses
             | around me (cafes, and similar places) that offer a cash
             | discount. They don't have a sign offering it, but when I
             | pull out cash, they revise the price down.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | More and more small places around here are explicitly
               | offering the discount either with a "3% less if you pay
               | cash" but more commonly now a "listed prices are cash or
               | debit, credit pays more".
               | 
               | It's a noticeable fee for them.
        
             | Danjoe4 wrote:
             | It is against VISA ToS. Small businesses can risk it but
             | large businesses would get sued and VISA would refuse to do
             | business with them
        
               | sgerenser wrote:
               | Nope, not against VISA ToS. Post you're replying to
               | indicates it's no longer "illegal" but it was never
               | actually illegal to charge a surcharge, it was just
               | disallowed by ToS. This is no longer the case as of 2013
               | and retailers are now free to charge a surcharge if they
               | so choose.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Is it legislation or the contract with the credit card? My
           | understanding is the contract to take ie VISA has terms that
           | you cannot apply a discount for customers using other payment
           | methods (ie cash or someone else's card). There are a few
           | places that don't have those terms (mostly government where
           | often a card does cost more to use).
           | 
           | What people forget about these fees is a credit card is
           | cheaper to take for the merchant. The credit card is never
           | counterfeit money. The clerk never takes money from the
           | credit cards, nor does the manager counting it (I wasn't in
           | retail long but I saw both). You never have a robber come in
           | to take your credit card money. Even when all goes well, you
           | don't pay the clerk and manager by the hour to count all the
           | cash twice. You do have some risk of taking a stolen credit
           | card, but overall it is cheaper for the merchant to take
           | credit cards and that savings should be what pays for the
           | card costs (I have no idea how to count the different costs
           | to see if that is true)
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The real advantage for merchants is to take debit (assuming
             | the payment is high enough). Much of the benefits of credit
             | without the hassle of cash.
        
         | anovikov wrote:
         | Simply because these customers are likely to buy more and at
         | premium prices and not be a pain in terms of refunds etc. They
         | are willing to pay more in commission knowing they are dealing
         | with richer people.
        
         | empath-nirvana wrote:
         | Rewards cards should be illegal and basically are privately
         | levied tax on the poor and a subsidy to the wealthy.
        
           | smallmancontrov wrote:
           | > privately levied tax on the poor and a subsidy to the
           | wealthy
           | 
           | That's 2/3s of capitalism. Hold enough MA and V -- directly
           | or through just having enough net worth in an index -- and
           | you'll start to see this as a feature, not a bug.
        
             | realwitt wrote:
             | What's MA and V? Moving Average and Volatility? (genuinely
             | don't know and unsuccessfully tried to google it)
        
               | frogstomp19 wrote:
               | MasterCard and Visa's stock ticker symbols
        
           | agloe_dreams wrote:
           | Boy are you going to be shocked when Walmart, target, Amazon
           | brag about the X% income increase when that happens and while
           | prices continue to rise.
           | 
           | Zero, zero companies will discount the sales price when the
           | rewards cards are gone.
           | 
           | There is a strong argument that discontinuing rewards cards
           | actually helps the extremely wealthy by taking from the
           | middle class and giving it to the Uber rich shareholders and
           | big business owners.
        
         | abalone wrote:
         | _> But how far does this go in explaining why merchants
         | "choose" to participate in this program. The obvious answer
         | would seem to be that they get no benefit from the system as it
         | exists but have no real choice, but maybe there is a better
         | answer?_
         | 
         | The simple reason why issuers don't make every card a signature
         | rewards card is that merchants would revolt.
         | 
         | The interchange fee schedule[1] is fascinating. Dozens of
         | categories of merchants with different rates. There is no
         | technical reason for this. Fraud costs are borne by merchants
         | and to some extent processors, but not the issuer banks that
         | receive the interchange fee.
         | 
         | The fee schedule reflects a kind of battle for customers. It's
         | worth repeating that most of interchange for these higher end
         | cards is passed back to the customer in the form of rewards.
         | Essentially, merchants are willing to pay higher fees to
         | support the cards that higher spending customers prefer.
         | 
         | But there is a limit. We can observe that not all merchants
         | accept AmEx, which has some of the highest interchange rates.
         | If every visa/MC card were a signature card, more merchants
         | would push back.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://usa.visa.com/content/dam/VCOM/download/merchants/vis...
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > There is no technical reason for this
           | 
           | Point in case, there's an interchange fee cap of 0.3% for
           | credit and 0.2% for debit cards in the EU. And there are
           | entire countries moving to cashless, so obviously everyone is
           | happy with it.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | I went to Stockholm last week for a couple of days, worried
             | that I didn't have any local currency. It turned out that
             | _nobody_ takes cash, so everything worked out fine.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Europe varies a lot from largely cashless to you will
               | probably need cash if you want to have a beer.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | it's even more intense in China
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | What is more intense than nobody taking cash, punishment
               | for even having it?
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Your ability to make purchases turned off, with no other
               | means to transact.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | "point in case" is a funny term. Are you a mathematician or
             | programmer, using "case" in the sense of "branch of a
             | proof", not "matter to be settled"?
        
               | iacvlvs wrote:
               | I assume it's a simple accidental transposition of "case
               | in point", an instance or example that supports, or is
               | relevant or pertinent to, what is being discussed.
               | 
               | https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/usage-of-case-
               | in-po...
        
               | notpushkin wrote:
               | That's interesting: I've _only_ seen  "point in case"
               | being used, never "case in point" (although it does make
               | a lot more sense, now that I think of it).
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | you must not be a native speaker, i have never heard
               | 'point in case' before this conversation. but fwiw,
               | neither really make much sense to me
        
               | 1letterunixname wrote:
               | Pedantic language shaming is uncool and other people's
               | experiences are different from your own. Get over it.
        
               | maxcoder4 wrote:
               | As a non-native speaker I appreciate comments like GP,
               | because they let me improve my English and speak better.
               | It's not pedantic if the "shamer" is obviously right
               | (I've consulted internet and it looks like he is). I
               | think correcting other people speech is valuable because
               | it lets us all understand each other better.
        
               | nsomaru wrote:
               | The idiomatic equivalent is "case in point"
        
             | abalone wrote:
             | I wouldn't assume everyone is happy with it. Consumers are
             | going to prefer rewards programs over no rewards programs.
             | And before you say it results in higher prices, that's not
             | necessarily true. Australia regulated away interchange and
             | it didn't result in lowering prices. Merchants kept the
             | profit.
             | 
             | A lot of times these regulations are pitched as helping
             | consumers, but it's really merchants pushing for them. You
             | could make a similar observation about the EU regulatory
             | fight with Apple et al right now. It's actually Spotify
             | fighting for it, and they have different interests than
             | consumers.
        
               | andruby wrote:
               | > I wouldn't assume everyone is happy with it. Consumers
               | are going to prefer rewards programs over no rewards
               | programs.
               | 
               | Personally, I would disagree. I prefer no rewards and a
               | simple landscape where I don't have to compare credit
               | cards.
               | 
               | I lived in both EU and US, and didn't like the work
               | needed to compare (and keep comparing) all the credit
               | card offerings. In the EU, you just the credit card from
               | your bank and don't feel like you're missing out.
        
               | alibarber wrote:
               | I my part of the EU I'd certainly feel like I'm missing
               | out if I just kept on paying the ~EUR5 a month fee for a
               | bank account and didn't look for a card that gave me some
               | kind of return on my spend every month...
               | 
               | (It's Finland btw, and you need a Finnish, not "anywhere-
               | in-SEPA", bank account in order to practically function
               | in society here with the strong online authentication
               | service)
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | The return you get is just taken from you without you
               | knowing it. The rewards programs is taking your money and
               | giving you back a part of it.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | No, it's taking the merchants' money and giving you back
               | part of it. How much do merchants eat it vs passing on
               | the cost? I don't think that's an easy question to answer
               | and probably varies a lot by merchant type and product,
               | but I think we can assume the answer is not _always_
               | passes on 100% of the cost, so owners of the high end
               | rewards cards are winning to some degree. You could argue
               | that non-rewards cards are absorbing costs of rewards
               | cards in the case where merchants do pass through costs,
               | though.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Except that 100% of the cost isn't being transferred to
               | the cardholder, either. You might have a 1% cash back
               | card while the merchant is paying 3%. If only half of the
               | cost is being passed on, you're still losing money. And
               | price isn't the only variable. Even if the merchant ate
               | the entire 3%, that might require them to cut costs in
               | some way so you receive a lower quality product, or drive
               | some competitors out of business and thereby _allow_ the
               | remaining companies to reduce quality without lowering
               | prices because the company providing a better product for
               | the same price was eliminated by the fees.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | Right, but the interesting part of TFA is about how the
               | rates paid by merchants are higher for the top 10% of
               | cards. Your example assumes the same rate paid by
               | everyone. Because only a small portion of transactions
               | incur the high rate/high reward, it seems far less likely
               | that the split between pass-through vs eat-it still won't
               | benefit high end cardholders.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | That still depends on what the split is. If the average
               | fee is 3% and the high-end customer is getting 2% back,
               | the merchant could be passing on e.g. 2.1% and causing
               | you to come out behind while still passing on only 70% of
               | the cost.
               | 
               | And for anyone getting less cash back the math is even
               | worse, which from the same premise will be the majority
               | of people or else the merchant's costs (and so the amount
               | they pass on) would be even higher.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | > If the average fee is 3% and the high-end customer is
               | getting 2% back ...
               | 
               | You're not picking realistic numbers. The fees range from
               | around 1.5% to ~3%, and the 2.5%-3%+ fees are limited to
               | ~10% of customers. An average fee of 3% doesn't make
               | sense. Very basic napkin math would be 0.9 _((1.5+2.5)
               | /2)+0.1_((2.5+3)/2) = ~2.1% _average_. So only in the
               | 100% passthrough case does the high end cardholder
               | actually lose. That 's not likely.
               | 
               | And if you look at the chart, if 740 is 10%, there are
               | probably far fewer than 10% of transactions averaging
               | 2.75%, so this is likely still way overestimating.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > The fees range from around 1.5% to ~3%, and the
               | 2.5%-3%+ fees are limited to ~10% of customers. An
               | average fee of 3% doesn't make sense.
               | 
               | That's just the interchange fee, not what merchants are
               | actually paying. Stripe charges a flat 2.9% + $0.30 and
               | this is considered competitive:
               | 
               | https://stripe.com/pricing
               | 
               | For a $20 transaction, that's _4.4%_ , and that's for
               | everybody, not just the people with rewards cards.
        
               | abalone wrote:
               | _> and this is considered competitive_
               | 
               | Stripe is hella expensive! But they are easy to get
               | started with.
               | 
               | Competitive rates depend on the type of business, i.e.
               | their volume and their fraud risk. The most transparent
               | form of pricing is called "interchange plus" where it's a
               | flat markup on the interchange schedule. High volume
               | merchants should be able to find a markup in the
               | fractions of a percent.
               | 
               | It is my understanding that the big Stripe customers
               | negotiate lower rates with them as they scale.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > High volume merchants should be able to find a markup
               | in the fractions of a percent.
               | 
               | And this is why small businesses are more likely to offer
               | cash discounts than larger ones.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | 5 years ago HSBC were charging us, a micro-business (2
               | employees, not software) about the same for cash handling
               | as we paid for debit card processing.
               | 
               | If small businesses give discounts for cash it's because
               | they're committing tax fraud, I presume.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | > That's just the interchange fee, not what merchants are
               | actually paying.
               | 
               | What you pay Stripe is for the _combination_ of
               | interchange fees + Stripe 's own service fees. The Stripe
               | service component of the fee would be charged regardless.
               | Whatever markup a merchant makes for Stripe's fees are
               | not recoverable and irrelevant to the comparison.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | By comparison, Stripe charges 0.8% + $0.00 for ACH, which
               | includes any costs they might be paying to the bank, so
               | the upper bound on the cost of their services is 0.8%.
               | 4.4% - 0.8% is 3.6%.
               | 
               | Identify a payment processor that a small business making
               | e.g. $60,000/year in $20 credit card transactions can use
               | that would charge lower fees, if you can.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | You're making a huge assumption that their markup is the
               | same for credit card transactions! You're also making
               | broad oversimplified assumptions about the what merchants
               | do in response to transaction fees. Multiple implausible
               | things need to be true for high end card users to be
               | losing out on this scheme. Most likely the high end users
               | come out at least slightly ahead and most of the cost is
               | borne by lower end users and merchants.
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | "Lower prices" doesn't necessarily mean they just
               | suddenly and immediately drop. That's no surprise;
               | dropping prices purely out of the goodness of your heart
               | isn't terribly good business practice. Also, for a lot of
               | retail, MSRP is MSRP, and that's a pretty big anchor
               | point.
               | 
               | What I'd expect instead, based on my having taken exactly
               | one class in economics as an undergraduate, is subtler
               | effects that play out over time. Maybe the general growth
               | in prices over time slows down a titch until a new
               | equilibrium point is met. Maybe wages rise a little bit
               | because retailers can afford to pay their employees more.
               | Maybe life gets easier for smaller businesses that have
               | less negotiation power than the multinational behemoths.
               | Maybe some bank executive somewhere decides not to buy
               | that third luxury car at the same time as ten thousand
               | restaurant owners decide that, just today, they will
               | treat themselves to an espresso drink from the coffee
               | shop instead of making drip coffee at home. That kind of
               | thing.
               | 
               | I think maybe that last example is most interesting to
               | me, because it calls attention to how merchant/consumer
               | is a false dichotomy and things are always a bit more
               | subtle than how the news likes to make us think they are.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Yeah that's kind of how the system operates in the US.
               | The CC duopoly fleeces merchants and gives out a share of
               | the monopoly profits as rewards to consumers to make any
               | antitrust action against them politically unpopular. It's
               | a shakedown, and yes, getting rid of it would be bad for
               | consumers, at least in the beginning. But it should be
               | done anyway.
        
               | abalone wrote:
               | I agree except for the part about monopoly. There are in
               | fact competing card networks.
               | 
               | The bitter pill to swallow is that consumer preferences
               | played a role in evolving this system. Card networks are
               | managing a two sided market, and that means offering
               | value to both the merchant _and_ the consumer. Reward
               | programs are examples of consumer value. If Visa decided
               | to kill its "signature" interchange tier, those customers
               | would move to MasterCard.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | Rewards programs are stupid for consumers. They cause
               | higher prices for everyone (even for the rewards
               | recipients). I am fine with merchants keeping the profit,
               | because for most categories of products that I buy there
               | are working markets and every % of profit is turned to
               | lower prices in the end.
        
               | abalone wrote:
               | Why do you say they cause higher prices for rewards
               | recipients? Is there evidence of this?
        
               | LastTrain wrote:
               | > Consumers are going to prefer rewards programs over no
               | rewards programs.
               | 
               | I believe that you believe. Rewards programs are
               | ultimately bad for consumers and merchants, but great for
               | rent-seeking banks. As a consumer I'd prefer an EU style
               | cap and not have to spend my time working to scrape back
               | some of that money.
        
               | abalone wrote:
               | What do you mean by "spending time working to scrape back
               | money"? Cashback rewards are fairly automatic. Maybe some
               | have a simple redemption step. Apple Card's is 100%
               | automatic.
        
               | madeofpalk wrote:
               | Apple Card doesn't seem like a particularly good
               | business, so much so that the issuer is trying to ditch
               | it
               | 
               | https://www.wsj.com/articles/goldman-is-looking-for-a-
               | way-ou... https://archive.is/bkoBG
        
               | astura wrote:
               | As much as I like taking advantage of rewards programs as
               | a consumer (and boy I do), if given the choice I would
               | actually prefer merchants paid very low fees and I got no
               | rewards.
               | 
               | That's just my personal preference. It seems like a much
               | fairer system. I just don't like that middlemen take an
               | unfair share, even if that middleman is me.
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | >I wouldn't assume everyone is happy with it. Consumers
               | are going to prefer rewards programs over no rewards
               | programs>
               | 
               | Absolutely not. Fuck rewards programs. I don't want to
               | waste a single second thinking about how to optimize my
               | card usage and spending habits to get "rewards".
        
             | ajkjk wrote:
             | It only means that they haven't managed to improve it yet.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | There is a government to government payment fee category in
           | there. Why on earth would two government agencies ever need
           | to use a CC to pay each other and lose over 1% in fees?
        
           | granzymes wrote:
           | > Fraud costs are borne by merchants and to some extent
           | processors, but not the issuer banks that receive the
           | interchange fee.
           | 
           |  _Merchant_ fraud and merchant credit risk is borne by
           | acquirers (although, if they went under the issuing baking is
           | ultimately on the hook). But fraud by the cardholder and
           | cardholder credit risk is borne by the issuer.
        
             | abalone wrote:
             | Yes, merchant fraud is what I was referring to with "to
             | some extent." And you're correct that card-present fraud is
             | more likely to be borne by the bank these days (this was
             | not always the case). But typical e-commerce fraud is
             | usually eaten by the merchant.
        
         | dwighttk wrote:
         | Credit card processors actually provide a service for both
         | their cardholders and the people who accept their cards...
         | 
         | Yes there is the downside for businesses when the processors
         | reverse charges but if this was big enough of a downside then
         | people would stop accepting the card.
         | 
         | Yes sometimes people get their number stolen and are out the
         | money for a while during an investigation, but again if this
         | downside were big enough people wouldn't use that card anymore.
         | 
         | Yes there are new types of fraud enabled by the technology.
         | 
         | The big benefit is you don't have to have liquid cash sitting
         | around where people can grab it and disappear.
         | 
         | Some merchants don't accept some cards... they've decided that
         | the cost outweighs the benefit. My grocery store fought against
         | accepting Apple Pay and they do now. Walmart doesn't.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | Some merchants reject cards with higher fees; i.e., Amex is not
         | accepted at some merchants with lower margins (i.e., grocery
         | stores).
         | 
         | It would be impractical for merchants to accept some branded
         | cards and not others. Imagine "we accept "Chase Premium One"
         | card, but not "Chase American Airlines" card." Very confusing
         | for consumers. If it's a whole category, like Amex, it's easier
         | to refuse it (besides, low income consumers are unlikely to
         | have an Amex card).
        
         | kindawinda wrote:
         | Wow you thought of something the author didnt cover and think
         | the whole article should be about your post.
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | Citibank reissued my credit card well before the expiration
         | date to upgrade it to a "World Elite Mastercard" with attendant
         | higher interchange.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | The merchant doesn't generally have much choice. I have some
         | friends who ran a restaurant, and they stopped accepting Amex
         | because the fee was too high. They sold the restaurant to an
         | employee and he immediately started accepting Amex again. Too
         | many high spending clients use it and he didn't want to miss
         | out.
         | 
         | Also, even though Costco only accepts a single brand of card
         | (used to be Amex, now Visa), despite their size and market
         | power they accept any Visa card a customer presents.
        
         | ugh123 wrote:
         | > you use a reward card, the merchant is charged a higher fee
         | than if you used a "normal" card
         | 
         | That seems absolutely ridiculous. The FTC doesn't think this is
         | a problem?
        
       | twoodfin wrote:
       | Probably going against the grain here, but I think it's great
       | that at least a modest fraction of the benefits of highly risk-
       | optimized revolving credit and low-friction electronic payments
       | are feeding back to the consumer, vs. having all the value
       | derived from that technology captured by the banks and merchants.
       | 
       | In a world where these high-exchange-fee / high-reward cards were
       | outlawed, merchants would pay less in aggregate in fees. But
       | almost surely they'd lose out net from a drop in overall consumer
       | spending.
       | 
       | That affiliate programs inspire gamification for consumers to
       | optimize their spending patterns to "win prizes" seems like a
       | neat bit of competitive market pressure: It's obviously a win for
       | all involved or they wouldn't be so popular.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >low-friction electronic payments are feeding back to the
         | consumer, vs. having all the value derived from that technology
         | captured by the banks and merchants.
         | 
         | Are you talking about the cash back? Isn't that just a shell
         | game? If the consumer is getting 2% cashback, but the merchant
         | is charging consumers 2% more to pay for it as well, how is it
         | "feeding back to the consumer"?
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > Are you talking about the cash back? Isn't that just a
           | shell game? If the consumer is getting 2% cashback, but the
           | merchant is charging consumers 2% more to pay for it as well,
           | how is it "feeding back to the consumer"?
           | 
           | One of the issues is that the cash back rate is not evenly
           | distributed across the buying population.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The benefit for the customer is getting 2% back when prices
             | are only 1.5% higher than they would be "otherwise" because
             | of cash and debit payments.
             | 
             | The disadvantage to the customer is increased spending
             | because of how easy it is, which probably far outweighs the
             | 2%.
        
               | TheDong wrote:
               | The other disadvantage to the customer who gets that
               | extra 0.5% is that they know they're profiting off the
               | misery of those worse off than them, that they enjoy
               | rewards while those with low credit scores, struggling to
               | feed their family, face 1.5% higher prices.
               | 
               | I would hope the tarnish on your immortal soul and
               | realization that you're profiting directly off other's
               | misery would be a bigger downside.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | If you start seriously considering all the misery
               | required to bring us cheap iPhones and all we ravenously
               | consume, you'll quickly end up in a shack in the woods
               | sending packages USPS.
        
         | nkurz wrote:
         | > It's obviously a win for all involved or they wouldn't be so
         | popular.
         | 
         | Why is it obvious that it's "a win for all involved", as
         | opposed to some big powerful financial companies taking
         | advantage of a bunch of less organized merchants while
         | providing benefit to some subset of cardholders? Obviously the
         | merchants benefit overall from accepting credit cards, but I
         | don't think it's anywhere near obvious that they benefit from
         | funding the rewards programs. If there was any way for them to
         | opt out, I feel a lot of them would. And it's hard to see how
         | the non-rewards cards customers are benefitting from the
         | current system---would any of them choose the current system if
         | given a choice?
         | 
         | I definitely agree that someone is winning from the current
         | system, but I don't think it's obvious that it's everyone.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | As the article says, those who get rewards are richer people
           | who spend more money. so merchants are indirectly rewarding
           | their customers who spend the most money.
        
         | ptero wrote:
         | My problem with the system is the fact that merchants are
         | prohibited from handling different cards differently, for
         | example by passing reward fees to the consumers.
         | 
         | If that were not the case I would be happy and let the market
         | pick the preferred way. My 2c.
        
         | stevesimmons wrote:
         | > It's obviously a win for all involved or they wouldn't be so
         | popular.
         | 
         | Definitely not a win for consumers, who in aggregate lose out.
         | The margins to make the system work are built into the prices
         | you pay at the checkout.
         | 
         | Other markets like Europe and Australia capped interchange and
         | made it cheaper for retailers and consumers.
         | 
         | This forced banks to redesign their products/rewards/pricing to
         | give consumers a real choice of whether to play or not.
         | 
         | Some consumers decide to fund more of the rewards cost
         | themselves (via cards with annual fees). Some keep high rewards
         | by using new bank-issued Amex (but pay surcharges at the
         | checkout). Some keep much of the gains for themselves (via no
         | rewards/low cost cards, with lower costs for the retailer).
         | 
         | So now, consumers who don't want to pay the overhead of
         | interchange-funded rewards for everyone else don't have to.
         | 
         | (Disclosure: I ran portfolio management/cross
         | sell/profitability/customer retention for an Australian credit
         | card issuer during the period that interchange there was capped
         | and progressively forced down. Later, I was the Netherlands
         | representative on one of the card schemes' European advisory
         | committee.)
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | > Definitely not a win for consumers, who in aggregate lose
           | out. The margins to make the system work are built into the
           | prices you pay at the checkout.
           | 
           | While not wrong don't forget that cash also has costs that
           | are built into the system - there are a number of theft ways
           | to lose money with cash that don't apply to cards. Even when
           | everyone is honest there is the time cost to count all that
           | cash. Somewhere between the two is mistakes in counting.
        
           | twoodfin wrote:
           | _Definitely not a win for consumers, who in aggregate lose
           | out. The margins to make the system work are built into the
           | prices you pay at the checkout._
           | 
           | Prices are a function of supply and demand. Higher
           | interchange fees hit supply (costs more to produce and sell
           | the same quantity of goods) but they also spur demand, or no
           | merchant would accept the cards with these fees. And indeed
           | some large merchants have (for example) excluded American
           | Express or Discover from their available payment methods for
           | just this reason.
        
         | jacobgkau wrote:
         | > That affiliate programs inspire gamification... It's
         | obviously a win for all involved or they wouldn't be so
         | popular.
         | 
         | It's not a win for consumers having to spend their time
         | learning the "game" in order to not be left behind and
         | essentially lose money.
         | 
         | I use basically a single credit card with a simple, universal
         | cash-back scheme. I do some extremely simple and low-touch
         | investing on the side. I choose not to waste my time attempting
         | to do a billion other things that everyone else is doing to
         | extract more value from the system, but I'm well aware that I'm
         | probably coming out behind a lot of people as a result. That's
         | not a "win," it's a race to the bottom that I've partially
         | conceded.
        
       | time0ut wrote:
       | Well written and pretty interesting. Somewhat obvious I suppose.
       | 
       | I was hoping he would go into detail on how programs like Citi
       | double cash work. In that program you get the normal 1% back at
       | purchase and then 1% at payment. I assume the latter is
       | subsidized from interest payments, but what about card holders
       | that never pay interest? Are they subsidized by those that do?
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Yes. Rewards are subsidized by anyone paying a fee for their
         | card, and by everyone with higher prices. Reward programs
         | incentive consumers to make that card "top of wallet" and
         | prioritize spend on it, which is why the entire rewards system
         | is afraid of interchange cram down and free instant payments in
         | general.
         | 
         | (Work at a fintech, I see the financials but those I cannot
         | share)
        
         | mwexler wrote:
         | Yes and note that from a marketing pov, Citi looks like a "good
         | player" by incentivising payback. But if everyone paid back in
         | the grace period, the care would fail as transaction fees can't
         | offset the costs of managing the process (payouts, fraud,
         | chargebacks, limit management, etc). Interest and "nuisance"
         | charges are the real money makers.
         | 
         | So, you pick a balance of how much to return assuming that you
         | get a mix of revolvers (borrowers) and transactors, and
         | recognize that if you hit it right, some folks will skip the
         | "best outcome" (for most) option of grace-period payback and
         | faster rewards, due to choice or need (running low on cash,
         | etc). And that's how you get the 1 and 1: folks love to spend,
         | and Citi estimates that the 1 on payback sounds good but can be
         | spread out as folks still pay the minimum to revolve, garnering
         | interest and fees along the way.
         | 
         | It's illegal in the US to reward for debt directly (you can't
         | incentivize folks to revolve instead of paying in full), and
         | this card is at least a step in the right direction of doing
         | the opposite. But if they really incentivized best behavior for
         | consumers, we'd see all the % rewards focused on payback (and
         | none for spend), with a reduced reward for payback on revolving
         | debt, to incentivize reducing avoidable debt where it makes
         | sense.
         | 
         | But that card would fail as a business for most banks and fin
         | companies. While the early trans fees would be great, it would
         | self-select responsible payback folks who never generate
         | interest or nuisance fees. Such a card would need a massive
         | annual fee or have to be tied to some other profit driving
         | product, at least in most companies I've seen.
         | 
         | But maybe somebody will figure a clever way to make it work.
        
         | squaresmile wrote:
         | Citi DC is also a mastercard world elite which charges a higher
         | fee for merchants. Afaik most (all?) 2% card are visa signature
         | or mc word elite.
        
       | treyfitty wrote:
       | Pretty verbose article that can be summarized as "Credit cards
       | charge merchants a fee, sometimes more when co-branded, to entice
       | customers to use their credit card in favor over others."
        
         | triceratops wrote:
         | Agreed. I read it hoping to learn something I didn't already
         | know. He kept teasing us with the promise of some inside
         | baseball but didn't really deliver.
        
       | _benj wrote:
       | What a fascinating article. Probably an unsophisticated model but
       | the way I approach my credit card rewards program is as a "forced
       | savings" deal. I'm aware that they are subsidized, I'm also aware
       | that I'll pay the same thing if I were to pay with cash (at least
       | in all the places I buy).
       | 
       | Would we be better off by having capped swipe fees? Idk. Would
       | merchants actually lower their prices instead of keeping the
       | extra revenue that everybody is now used to pay? Idk either. I
       | don't trust in the goodness of the heart of merchants or credit
       | cards issuers.
       | 
       | But, would I have an unexpected 3 or even 4 figures "unexpected"
       | rewards at the end of the year that I can only use for vacations?
       | I don't think so. I could possibly set up something with my bank,
       | but I don't need to think or plan rewards... they just happen.
        
       | joshstrange wrote:
       | > gibbering madness
       | 
       | If there is a better name for the table of rates (or the list of
       | rates on a monthly CC transaction table for your business) I
       | don't know it. It's absolute madness and near impossible to make
       | sense of.
       | 
       | Often I feel like they exist only to confuse the merchant into
       | just throwing up their hands and saying "I mean, I guess it's
       | right". It also means that almost none of them can tell you how
       | much they're paying for credit card transactions. All they know
       | is the sales person said "I can get you the best rates" which may
       | or may not be true, those people will lie to you and tell you
       | anything that you want to hear, I know this from personal
       | experience. These people are snakes and dealing with them makes
       | my skin crawl.
       | 
       | I'm aware that there's a chance that I'm leaving money on the
       | table, but this is one of the main reasons I use Stripe. I prefer
       | predictability an inscrutable of data that may or may not show
       | that I'm saving a little bit more. It's also why I normally avoid
       | credit cards that have rotating categories or this or like. I
       | prefer a flat, easy to understand rate that I can compare to
       | other cards instead of having to keep track of which card I'm
       | using which month. Again, this means I'm leaving money on the
       | table, but I do it for my own sanity.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | > In industry, we sometimes distinguish interchange--which mostly
       | goes to the issuing bank--and scheme fees--which mostly go to the
       | credit card brand itself--but as interchange is much larger,
       | let's just call them both interchange for simplicity.
       | 
       | It's frustrating to read an article that acknowledges
       | (indirectly) that payment networks don't earn revenue from
       | interchange nor have anything to do with reward programs, but
       | then goes on to say that for simplicity they will refer to it as
       | if it did.
        
       | dsco wrote:
       | I find it odd that a person who understands the madness of our
       | current financial system so well, still is violently opposed of
       | anything blockchain related.
        
         | resolutebat wrote:
         | Remind me again, what concrete, non-criminal financial problem
         | does blockchain solve better than the alternatives?
        
           | loughnane wrote:
           | Not op, but I want to make private payments through the
           | internet in the same way I can privately use cash in the real
           | world.
           | 
           | I'm not enamored with crypto per se, but as far as I know
           | only crypto in general (and Monero in particular) are working
           | on solving that problem.
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | The banks are also working on that problem through things
             | like Venmo and Zelle. Tech companies like Apple and Google
             | and PayPal have payment services too.
        
               | loughnane wrote:
               | But those aren't private, right? There's an entity in the
               | middle that can see all the purchases I make.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | If I use one of those to send you $500 right now, the
               | entity in the middle can see that I sent you $500 but
               | nothing more.
        
               | loughnane wrote:
               | That's too much for me. It adds up to that entity having
               | a record of all my transactions, who they're with, and
               | how much they are. Def not private like cash.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Is it just the principle of it, or would fully private
               | transactions solve an actual non-criminal financial
               | problem?
        
               | loughnane wrote:
               | A product that's a violates my principles _is_ a problem.
               | 
               | More practically, being surveilled creates a data store
               | about my life that can last forever, theoretically. It's
               | hard to conceive how that could be used if (when) that
               | data gets mishandled. Might as well not leave a trail.
        
             | hx833001 wrote:
             | Yes, I hope the tech world gets very involved in this.
             | Bitcoin is a horrible product for a cash replacement, since
             | it is not private and the price fluctuates dramatically. We
             | really should have a digital dollar or some gold, etc
             | backed digital currency but it is absolutely essential that
             | it is as or even more private than cash.
        
           | someguydave wrote:
           | It solves the same problem gold does, except it is easier to
           | transport and exchange.
        
           | cherryteastain wrote:
           | Say you are from a third world country. Your family back home
           | needs money, but a bunch of red tape and fees in the
           | traditional finance system (sending money to a third world
           | country often raises KYC/AML questions and wire transfer fees
           | are high) make it difficult and expensive. Moreover, in some
           | countries with unstable currencies such as Lebanon and
           | Argentina, the banks have to offer government mandated
           | exchange rates that are wildly off the effective rates; there
           | have even been cases where FX deposits were forcibly
           | converted to the local currencies at these unrealistic rates.
           | Rather than go through all this, you can just send BTC and
           | sidestep all the issues.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | Blockchains are costly and don't solve these problems.
         | 
         | It is as evidenced by the way blockchains are used now.
         | Cryptocurrencies are the most important applications, and few
         | people actually own them, and by "owning" I mean being able to
         | make a blockchain transaction. In most cases, they have an
         | account with a third party who does the blockchain stuff. In
         | other words, a bank. In fact, it may be an actual bank, which
         | is probably for the best because actual banks are highly
         | regulated and are less likely to just take your money and
         | disappear.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrencies quickly became just another financial product
         | that is being integrated in our current system. And for the
         | other ways cryptocurrencies are used, these are mostly illegal
         | (drug trade, ransoms, scams, tax evasion, etc...) and
         | governments are working on that.
         | 
         | Other prominent applications of blockchains: NFT, DAO, etc...
         | are even crazier than cryptocurrencies. All the madness of our
         | current financial system without the regulations that make it
         | somewhat usable to grownups.
        
       | wlindley wrote:
       | Bottom line: Pay cash if you want to support your local shops.
       | Use credit cards if you love enriching your local
       | megacorporation.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | This is mostly not true of the local shops near me. They've
         | stopped taking cash because costs of cash are higher than
         | cards.
        
           | jjice wrote:
           | My experience lines up with yours. I love paying with cash
           | when I can, but even in my smaller city, so many places won't
           | accept cash. My assumption is that handling cash is a cost
           | they'd rather not deal with.
           | 
           | For food, most places will accept cash here. Hell, even a
           | bookstore near me won't accept cash anymore.
        
           | jowea wrote:
           | Debit cards?
        
             | cmurf wrote:
             | It seems some common vendors still charge their standard
             | merchant fee even when the customer uses a debit card. I
             | don't know why this is permitted. It seems contrary to
             | federal law.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | All debit cards can be run as credit (if they have a
               | visa/mc logo on them at least) and many
               | merchants/customers don't know/don't care.
        
             | ajdude wrote:
             | I used to love debit cards but one time a business
             | overcharged me and that was money out of my actual bank
             | account that I had to wait several business days to have
             | back.
             | 
             | I also saw that places like gas stations "pre pay" if I
             | select debit, trying to hold $60-$100 from my bank account
             | until the final transaction comes back.
             | 
             | While this hasn't happened to me, I've read that if your
             | debit card is compromised or if a charge back is required,
             | you would have to fight your bank to get your money back
             | and it's a bit easier with credit cards.
        
           | SL61 wrote:
           | There seems to be a split in my area with small businesses,
           | mostly along generational lines.
           | 
           | The ones run by younger people are very credit-card-first,
           | love not dealing with cash, etc. They usually have one of
           | those Stripe iPad things. If you _do_ pay with cash, they 'll
           | get a bit flustered because it breaks their flow.
           | 
           | The ones run by older people are either cash-only or try hard
           | to disincentivize customers from using credit cards,
           | sometimes with signs guilting customers about how much money
           | card companies take from businesses.
           | 
           | It really feels like a generational thing depending on what
           | people are used to. The older shop owners remember when cards
           | were a lot more rare, and they've seen their swipe fee
           | expenditure go up over the years. While the younger owners
           | have only ever lived in a credit card oriented world and just
           | bake the swipe fees into their prices from the beginning.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | How do they get around the rules regarding cash? E.g. "This
           | note is legal tender for all debts, public and private"?
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | I'm not a legal expert on this topic but it's my
             | understanding that you've not incurred a debt at the cash
             | register. You just haven't made any transaction at all.
             | 
             | If the store was extending you credit (ie leave now with
             | the goods and in the future pay us back) they'd be required
             | to accept cash at that point.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | That's my understanding as well.
               | 
               | That said, there are laws in some jurisdictions against
               | card-only payment policies. I suspect they're not widely
               | enforced for smaller places.
        
         | crims0n wrote:
         | Kinda hard to incentivize when a responsible credit card user
         | will come out ahead financially by using a rewards card. I get
         | roughly 2k a year in rewards for doing nothing more than
         | swiping.
        
         | agloe_dreams wrote:
         | This is actually a lie.
         | 
         | Using a credit card is always cheaper to the merchant, maybe
         | the merchant doesnt realize it but cash is a bad deal like Uber
         | is a bad deal - They money is up front so you never realize the
         | costs. In the case of user, it is fuel, vehicle wear and tear,
         | and shifting demand.
         | 
         | In the case of cash, it is the cost of counting and keeping the
         | drawer, security, deposits, change, and internal
         | training/theft. Most estimates show it to be ~10-20% of income
         | of a business is wasted. Always less than the cost of credit.
         | 
         | Well...that is...if you didn't do what maybe 50% of small
         | businesses do: Screw the taxpayer. Sure, these credit card
         | companies take 3%. Many small businesses take cash so they can
         | do cash accounting and keep "money in" away from the IRS. They
         | dont report it, they pay workers with it under the table and
         | you, the customer and tax payer, may pay less, but you are
         | getting screwed.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Only from some indignant-irate viewpoint. Paying less is a
           | win. Taxes are a fraction of what you would pay (in th other
           | imaginary scenario) - a percentage of the margins on the
           | transaction. If those are apparently reduced to zero through
           | some chicanery as suggested, you still pay less than what
           | those 'missing tax dollars' would have been. You participate
           | in the savings.
        
             | agloe_dreams wrote:
             | I mean, if you only think from the scale of 'only I exist
             | on earth and nobody else' then yes, but if you consider the
             | grand scale of tax evasion, the cost in your taxes from all
             | of this is vastly greater than any credit card fee.
        
       | quantumwoke wrote:
       | Good article, I wondered about the details of card rewards
       | schemes as a kind of meta commentary on the financial system.
       | Interesting to see that patio11 has left stripe now to work
       | (seemingly) on this newsletter full time. I do miss the days when
       | the articles were technical; there's a deep software and writing
       | skillset that we've lost to the financial system which isn't
       | nearly as fun.
        
       | hnthrow289570 wrote:
       | >Redditors are frequently sophisticated with their spreadsheets;
       | many of them could clearly earn three orders of magnitude more
       | from the financial industry if they stopped thinking that the
       | right way to monetize spreadsheet skill was in gaming credit card
       | signup bonuses.
       | 
       | It's a pretty decent outlet for having something complicated to
       | work on. Another would be EVE Online with the added bonus that
       | it's also an actual game. My guess is most of those people are
       | just trying to min-max what the companies allow them, rather than
       | trying to find an exploit in the system that prints money per
       | spreadsheet CPU cycle.
       | 
       | I am suspicious that anyone can get a job in finance with only
       | churning (or EVE) spreadsheet skills. I have rarely found "well
       | if you can do that hobbyist but seemingly proximal activity, you
       | can walk into a decent-paying job" to be true in tech and I
       | suspect it's true for finance too.
       | 
       | Maybe the finance bros just need a leetcode-for-spreadsheets
       | website to run their technical interviews to open the floodgates
       | though.
        
         | hnuser123456 wrote:
         | Microsoft Excel World Championship 2023 - Finals:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDGdPE_C9u8
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | At the end of the day, it's mostly a hobby and you either find
         | keeping track of everything and making effective use of rewards
         | worth it or not. Personally, I have a few cards for targeted
         | use but mostly I just take 2% cash back on a free card and
         | figure that's close enough.
        
         | sam2426679 wrote:
         | I was also intrigued by that quote and find it rather dubious.
         | Coincidentally today, I and 5 other family members are boarding
         | business class international flights worth ~$60k cash, paid for
         | with signup bonus points. This doesn't even include the other
         | tens of $thousands of redemptions we're doing on both this trip
         | and the rest of the year. This is also just side hustle/hobby-
         | that-pays-for-itself "money," in addition to the (not) "three
         | orders of magnitude" faang income.
         | 
         | This was otherwise an interesting article.
        
           | DrammBA wrote:
           | I find it hard to believe you're getting almost 6 figures of
           | value out of signup bonus points and other card reward
           | redemptions in a year.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Those $60k flights are almost certainly list/last minute
             | pricing.
             | 
             | It's even mentioned in the article that the airlines love
             | flight miles because they can play with the redemptions to
             | sell unused capacity for what the customer sees as real
             | money. It also encourages loyalty.
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | A lot of that depends on how you value the flights (a lot
             | of the benefit comes from being able to do international
             | business class one way with points very easily, but those
             | tickets being very expensive in cash), but it is pretty
             | straightforward if you both optimize the earning, optimize
             | the spend, and optimize the points programs.
             | 
             | To give you an example, a business class ticket from
             | Seattle to Taipei with EVA (a very nice airline) is about
             | $8000 round trip or $6000 one way. You can book it for
             | 75,000 Aeroplan points one way. That is 1-2 credit card
             | signups.
             | 
             | But Aeroplan also lets you have a stopover in the middle of
             | a trip and lets you string together up to 6 flights and
             | only pay based on the distance.
             | 
             | So you could do Seattle, do a layover in Taipei, have a
             | stopover in Manila, stay a day in Singapore, and then land
             | in Darwin Australia for 92,500. Which is closer to 2 credit
             | cards, but still easily achievable in a month or two. But
             | the value of that trip when I did something similar was
             | closer to $12,000. Prices out at around $9000 for my test
             | dates for the flights I did.
             | 
             | Now, you need to take many trips a year to do that as a
             | single individual (which I am), but the referral streams
             | for credit card signups are also very powerful, so get a
             | Player 2 as it is called, and you can easily get 20-30%
             | more on your signup bonuses and each person can also do the
             | bonus.
             | 
             | And that is just business class. Once you start getting
             | into First Class redemptions (hard to do, but the serious
             | people manage it), the value can easily be the equivalent
             | of a 12K for a simple round trip, yet alone stacking First
             | Class products as many programs let you do.
             | 
             | Some of the pricing is also probably last minute. Points
             | costs fall last minute, but cash prices rise. That boosts
             | your cost per point, or CPP as we call it.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The value of points is sort of hard to determine.
           | 
           | I'm guessing (but could be wrong) that you would not actually
           | have paid $60K for business class seats for your family had
           | you not had points that would cover. (I have gotten really
           | good deals using points for something I'd have paid for
           | anyway--but it's been rare.)
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | Only sometimes. Depends how you use them.
             | 
             | If you have some specific flight that you pay for
             | regularly, e.g. to visit family, then replacing that
             | flight's average cost with points gives a concrete number
             | on point value.
             | 
             | If you are using points to fly first class on a trip you
             | would not be taking at all but for the point redemption,
             | then the value gets a lot more muddled.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Absolutely. If you use points for something you'd pay
               | cash for otherwise, they're typically worth something
               | like 1 to 2 cents per point. But a lot of people (and
               | I've done this myself with upgrades now and then) treat
               | them as more of less "free" money. Presumably the upgrade
               | or whatever has some incremental value but we wouldn't
               | have paid for it out of pocket.
        
           | woobar wrote:
           | Is $60K cash split between these 6 people? Then it is not
           | that impressive.
           | 
           | If you want higher ROI on spreadsheet hobby start using it
           | for your own financial/retirement planning. Playing with
           | numbers in that field can change outcomes by hundreds of
           | thousands dollars.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | I am pretty deep into the credit card hobby and most of the
         | people in it are high-earning professionals already. The last
         | meetup I went to consisted of half of software engineers.
         | 
         | So we already have jobs that pay well for optimizing things.
        
           | wil421 wrote:
           | How does one get deeper into the credit card hobby? I
           | optimize for cash back on gas and groceries but not much
           | else.
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | /r/churning is a good place to start. Lots of people doing
             | cash back churning too, so even if you don't want plane
             | tickets, there is plenty for you.
        
               | k8svet wrote:
               | How much do you estimate you make off of it? It feels
               | like the intersection of marginals gains and a high level
               | of attention you need to pay to sniff out good deals, not
               | hurt your credit score, remember how to balance charges
               | across cards. I feel like it would need to be a fair
               | amount to be worth the "time".
        
       | yeknoda wrote:
       | I wish stripe or some company would create a zero fee credit card
       | that is truly equivalent to using cash. The wealth transfer from
       | cash payers, merchants, and some card users to other card users
       | and the cc companies is one of those gross injustices, a small
       | and persistent leech on society. Surely there's a way to do cc
       | transactions for near zero? What is the point of all this tech
       | otherwise?
        
         | smallmancontrov wrote:
         | The leech is the point, there is no "otherwise."
        
         | ansible wrote:
         | There's still fraud detection / prevention, card terminals, and
         | other various infrastructure to pay for. Someone's going to pay
         | for it, somehow.
         | 
         | Also, suppose Stripe did offer a low / zero transaction cost
         | card. What's the incentive for me (a customer) to get it? It
         | isn't any better than the other no-monthly-fee CCs, and is
         | strictly inferior to a rewards card.
         | 
         | For merchants, yes, they are incentivized to accept Stripe's
         | new card. But they can't stop accepting the other ones until
         | Stripe has a significant share of the transactions. And may not
         | be able to do so even then.
         | 
         | And meanwhile Stripe is eating the cost of running this new
         | zero fee card system, which effectively takes away money that
         | they could invest in their own business.
         | 
         | Sounds like a lose, lose, lose all around.
         | 
         | The real solution is to have a law that caps the CC transaction
         | fee. Or allow merchants to add a surcharge for rewards CCs.
        
         | melenaboija wrote:
         | Agree but maintaining the infrastructure has a cost someone has
         | to pay and I as a customer won't see any benefit.
         | 
         | I think it would be healthy to be able to have options with
         | near zero cost but I guess this would only happen with strong
         | regulations, which seems almost impossible in this space (in
         | the US)
        
           | klabb3 wrote:
           | > Agree but maintaining the infrastructure has a cost someone
           | has to pay
           | 
           | The bank? Keeping money in your account allows the bank to
           | take out credit. Providing digital payments sounds like a
           | reasonable service for a bank to provide. As well as fraud
           | prevention. This is how it works in Europe, most people have
           | debit cards. The insanity is having to take out a loan you
           | don't need to prove that you're responsible.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | One side of this is cash isn't zero fee.
         | 
         | It has to be minted and circulated, we see it as "free" but in
         | practice the gov foots the bill. And, for cards it would be
         | issuers footing the bill.
         | 
         | Then moving cash isn't free either. Merchants handling a lot of
         | cash also pay to get their cash moved, processed, exchanged
         | etc. It's an aspect where card could be lower, but zero is also
         | an impossoble goal.
        
         | knallfrosch wrote:
         | Just ask your parliament to limit the fee? It's 0.3% for credit
         | cards and 0.2% for debit cards in the European Union:
         | 
         | https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015...
        
           | rockostrich wrote:
           | They already started trying. The Credit Card Competition Act
           | was introduced last year [1]. It doesn't explicitly limit
           | interchange fees though. Instead it allows merchants to
           | choose the payment network that payments go through which
           | legislators hope would create a race to the bottom.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-
           | bill/183...
        
         | phyphy wrote:
         | We have something similar in India.
         | 
         | [below text is from google search results]
         | 
         | To facilitate the penetration and usage of RuPay Credit Cards
         | on UPI, there will be no charge for transactions up to
         | [?]2,000, an NPCI circular said. For transactions upwards of
         | [?]2000, the applicable MDR amount will be borne by merchants
         | and no additional charges will be levied upon the customers.
         | 
         | Disadvantages of Rupay Cards Limited International Acceptance:
         | One of the main disadvantages of RuPay cards is their limited
         | acceptance outside of India. ... Restricted Usage: RuPay cards
         | are primarily designed for domestic use within India.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Isn't that called a debit card?
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | I wonder why no bank offers a debit-network-processed card
           | that is backed by a line of credit.
           | 
           | Probably because there's no money in it.
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | What would be the appeal of this to the customer? It is
             | basically a prisoners dilemma. It is globally optimal to
             | stop rewarding people for using credit cards but for each
             | individual they lose if they don't do it. This is why in
             | the EU regulation was passed to stop this nonsense.
        
             | mdaniel wrote:
             | Fun fact: there are plenty of "credit card as a service"
             | platforms nowadays so you could start one:
             | https://www.getpliant.com/en/cards-as-a-service/
        
       | euix wrote:
       | Often times you will find cash only businesses, especially in
       | Chinatown and restaurants that will give you a discount on the
       | final bill if you pay in cash. I have been to some mid-range
       | restaurants that will knock 10% off my bill if I pay in cash
       | instead of credit. This is the merchant fighting back using their
       | own stratagems.
       | 
       | In many cases in my experience the vendors who can successfully
       | pull off this strategy have a high quality, high value product
       | and operate in a no-frills store front and are often family
       | owned, maybe a generation or two already. There is a Vietnamese
       | banh mi sandwich vendor where I live who has been around for 30
       | years only accepts cash - they have the history and patronage to
       | pull this off.
        
         | coddle-hark wrote:
         | Fun fact, this is actually illegal here in Sweden! That is,
         | merchants aren't allowed to adjust prices based on payment
         | method. Not sure what the reasoning is.
        
           | liotier wrote:
           | Because the main purpose of cash payments in small businesses
           | is tax evasion - not just VAT but also paying family members
           | in cash and thus dodging even more.
        
           | luisgvv wrote:
           | In Costa Rica this is illegal too but going through the
           | hassle of reporting it to the local authorities is a pain and
           | you won't gain much, just annoy the dealership.
           | 
           | Usually the POS rate is around 2% so at the end of the day
           | you'll split it evenly and get a 3% discount. A few years
           | back it was even highter and I bought several home appliances
           | and saved around $100 so it's worth for both parties.
           | 
           | Now imagine people that deal with ranges from 10K to 100K -
           | It's definitely worth it shaving a few bucks here and there
        
           | inanutshellus wrote:
           | Fun fact, credit card merchants successfully made it illegal
           | in the USA too, but that legislation expired and now it is
           | legal to charge more for credit card usage (though credit
           | card companies prefer that you offer a "cash discount" than
           | an equivalent "credit card fee").
        
         | temporallobe wrote:
         | And then there are plenty of other merchants that are 100%
         | cashless, presumably because they don't want the hassle (and
         | perhaps cost) of handing, exchanging, storing, and transporting
         | paper cash and coins to and from a bank.
        
         | brazzy wrote:
         | > I have been to some mid-range restaurants that will knock 10%
         | off my bill if I pay in cash instead of credit. This is the
         | merchant fighting back using their own stratagems.
         | 
         | Not sure how things are in the USA, but in Germany, that has
         | nothing to do with "fighting back" and everything with dodging
         | VAT.
        
           | neither_color wrote:
           | Cynically that's probably often the case but if you're
           | offering <$10 food items at a mom & pop shop the credit card
           | fees are non-trivial so there probably is a very legitimate
           | incentive to take cash. There's also benefits to getting
           | immediate cash that you can put in the bank for expenses at
           | the end of the day vs waiting a day or two for credit card
           | money.
        
             | brazzy wrote:
             | > if you're offering <$10 food items at a mom & pop shop
             | the credit card fees are non-trivial so there probably is a
             | very legitimate incentive to take cash.
             | 
             | Yeah, but not a 10% incentive, especially given that
             | depositing cash isn't free either, for commercial accounts.
             | 
             | > There's also benefits to getting immediate cash that you
             | can put in the bank for expenses at the end of the day vs
             | waiting a day or two for credit card money.
             | 
             | > There's also benefits to getting immediate cash that you
             | can put in the bank for expenses at the end of the day vs
             | waiting a day or two for credit card money.
             | 
             | patio11 actually argues that it's the opposite which
             | explains why stores offer you to take out cash along with
             | your purchase when you pay by debit card) in another
             | article at https://www.bitsaboutmoney.com/archive/the-
             | infrastructure-be... - "And so, getting magical paper out
             | of the till and into your wallet without it first visiting
             | the bank saves the retailer money. It can also,
             | potentially, earn the retailer a small amount of float.
             | Cash in its tills is dead money and may not be deposited
             | until e.g. the end of the week or later, but selling that
             | paper to a customer for real money results in it arriving
             | in their bank account faster than physically walking it to
             | the bank."
             | 
             | It _might_ be different for a small mom &pop store that
             | actually deposits their cash every day, of course.
        
         | greedo wrote:
         | My local restaurant instituted a surcharge for card users. Kind
         | of irritating but I understand why, considering the margins in
         | the restaurant industry.
        
           | mdaniel wrote:
           | It used to be a violation of their merchant agreement but it
           | seems a 2013 court case made it that as long as it's
           | disclosed in a certain way, it seems to be ok. About 4 states
           | still outlaw it, based on some digging, but none of the card
           | rules that I could dig up allowed applying that fee to
           | _debit_ cards containing the logo (e.g.
           | https://www.mastercard.us/en-
           | us/business/overview/support/me... )
        
         | xyzelement wrote:
         | The sort of obvious thing is that taking cash doesn't just save
         | the merchant credit card fees but enables them to play games
         | with the income they report for tax. Same with like repairmen
         | that will give you a much better deal if you pay cash - it's
         | not just CC fees they are avoiding.
        
       | jmuguy wrote:
       | I am really interested in the content of this post, and I assume
       | other posts from the author. But his writing style is extremely
       | long winded.
       | 
       | For instance, this is somehow only two sentences.
       | It is a fee, ultimately paid by the card-accepting business,
       | which gets sliced up between various parties in the credit card
       | ecosystem to incentivize them to put their logos in the wallets
       | and on the phones of well-heeled customers and increase the
       | amount they spend and the frequency with which they spend it. (In
       | industry, we sometimes distinguish interchange--which mostly goes
       | to the issuing bank--and scheme fees--which mostly go to the
       | credit card brand itself--but as interchange is much larger,
       | let's just call them both interchange for simplicity.)
        
         | sxg wrote:
         | Agreed. Lots of parentheticals that distract from the main
         | point.
        
         | abhayhegde wrote:
         | Agreed. I thought I was having a bad day unable to comprehend
         | the content, but the style is off putting.
        
       | ErrantX wrote:
       | - In the EU the main reason Rewards cards have declined is that
       | the regulator capped interchange to a very small amount in 2015.
       | The US will follow suit at some point (as noted debit cards have
       | gone that way) but I guess not as low
       | 
       | - I think the simple answer to nkurz's point on why don't all
       | cards charge the maximum in interchange is - it's just market
       | forces. It's not worth enough money to long-term piss off the
       | bigger merchants (i.e. Amazon). When you have a 30% APR card non-
       | rewards card, the 3% interchange is small beans. Also the
       | acquiring bank would probably want a bigger piece of the pie if
       | it were more widespread
       | 
       | - Credit Card economics is _radically_ different across different
       | countries (for all sorts of reasons). So for example, a third of
       | card users in the US explicitly seek the rewards and another
       | third have it for the various protections /security vs. debit
       | cards. In the UK only 12% seek rewards, with the two biggest use
       | cases being to spread costs of big transactions or to improve
       | their credit score. (so for that reason it's sort of hard to have
       | a global view of this problem)
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | A fun fact is that most US reward cards with up to 5% rewards
         | work fine in the EU.
         | 
         | I have noticed some strange behavior with some cards at certain
         | supermarkets. That may be them trying to fight back against the
         | US interchange fees, but there are workarounds.
        
           | jplrssn wrote:
           | Reading the description of the interchange fee cap, it sounds
           | like the cap should apply also for US-issued cards used in
           | the EU [0]:
           | 
           | > ... the capping of interchange fees should result in lower
           | fees charged by banks to retailers for processing card
           | payments.
           | 
           | If users of US cards still get 5% rewards when using their
           | cards in the EU, I'm curious about who pays for the 4.7%
           | shortfall.
           | 
           | [0] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEM
           | O_1...
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | The card issuer and potentially the consumer via atrocious
             | fees and a terrible exchange rate? I have a French-based
             | American Express and their exchange rate + commission on
             | any foreign currency transaction is flat out absurd (I'm
             | talking like 50 euros commission on a 1k USD transaction, +
             | a very bad course resulting in a total ~100+ euro
             | difference than if I pay with a Revolut/N26/BoursoBank no-
             | fee foreign currency payment card).
        
               | rockostrich wrote:
               | Pretty much all Amex cards with an annual fee have no
               | foreign transaction fees as a benefit. The issue is that
               | a lot of small business merchants outside of the US don't
               | accept Amex (or will at least say they don't to avoid the
               | higher interchange fee).
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Not in France - I have an Amex Platinum and with it I get
               | the above described absurd fees and bad exchange rates.
               | 
               | Funnily I've gotten notified a couple of times by Amex,
               | as per ECB regulations, that the course they've used is
               | significantly worse than the official one.
        
               | renhanxue wrote:
               | I don't think that's the case outside the US. Sweden
               | here; all of the Amex cards available locally charge a 2%
               | currency exchange fee.
        
               | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
               | I only use cards without FX or other fees. The amount is
               | charged to the US card in Euros and Visa or Mastercard
               | take a 50 basis point commission on the currency
               | conversion, but since their settlement is not real time
               | (end of day in US or something) often this can be a
               | exchange rate win depending on your luck.
        
               | woobar wrote:
               | Interesting. Europe has stricter regulations that cap
               | interchange. As a result not a lot of rewards cards and
               | less competition in that space. In US no caps, but much
               | more players in the rewards cards space. I've checked
               | recent foreign transactions and it looks like both of
               | popular travel cards make some money on exchange rates,
               | but not as much as in France.
               | 
               | Amex Plat did not charge foreign fee, but exchange rate
               | is 1% less favorable according xe.com
               | 
               | Chase Sapphire Reserve also no fees, exchange rate is
               | 0.3% different from xe.com
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It's uncommon enough that the credit card processors just
             | eat the fee difference. Probably the issuing bank and not
             | VISA/MC.
             | 
             | The number of people who can effectively use/abuse this
             | consistently is probably pretty low.
        
               | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
               | > abuse
               | 
               | Yes using the card as designed and promoted I don't know
               | how I live with myself.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | "Abuse" in this context would probably mean intentionally
               | getting a credit card in the US and then making a bunch
               | of purchases in the EU with the specific intention of
               | screwing over your bank/card company with the interchange
               | fee difference, which obviously not many people are going
               | to have the will, time, or money to do, especially not
               | "consistently."
               | 
               | Even just using the word "use," US cards are designed for
               | and promoted to people who live in the US, and are likely
               | to do most (if not all) of their shopping in the US.
               | Absolutely, there's nothing morally wrong with getting a
               | US card and using it a bunch in the EU, but the point is
               | that the number of people doing that is low enough for
               | the banks/card companies to just subsidize the fees.
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | It's not worth enough money to long-term piss off the bigger
         | merchants (i.e. Amazon)
         | 
         | But most individual issuers (excluding Chase and maybe 1-2
         | others) have a small impact on the overall mix, so why wouldn't
         | they issue exclusively the top tier (highest interchange)
         | cards?
        
       | cmurf wrote:
       | I'm seeing restaurants charge a credit card fee as a line item on
       | receipts like a tax, with a percentage. I wish there were real
       | time information what a particular card will cost the merchant,
       | and that fee is what's charged. The idea most people should
       | subsidize other people's kickback is obscene.
       | 
       | Also, I'm confused about the federal law flat rate fee on debit
       | cards. I know merchants using Square and report that they're
       | charged the same fee for debit and credit cards, no discounted
       | rate. For small businesses, I'd like to use my debit card, but
       | not if the payment processor is going to pocket the difference
       | between the discount debit fee and their fee to the merchant, and
       | thus me.
        
       | jtchang wrote:
       | If you take a look here you can see how this type of tiering
       | system works out:
       | 
       | https://usa.visa.com/content/dam/VCOM/download/merchants/vis...
       | 
       | Some of the tiers for Visa cards:
       | 
       | Visa Infinite Spend Qualified Visa Infinite Spend Not Qualified
       | Visa Signature Preferred Visa Signature Traditional Rewards All
       | Other Products
        
       | ismokedoinks wrote:
       | While this focuses mainly on the consumer-credit card company
       | relationship, I wanted to add this interesting study on the
       | relationship between consumers across socioeconomic strata:
       | 
       | ``` Since retailers usually charge the same price regardless of
       | payment method, payment card rewards programs with different
       | levels of rewards effectively cause some customers to subsidize
       | the consumption of others. The research presented confirms that
       | households with income less than $75,000 per year collectively
       | transfer over $3.5 billion to those making more than $75,000 per
       | year. Furthermore, the cost of interchange fees to retailers can
       | be significant, especially in competitive sectors such as
       | gasoline and groceries. This study demonstrates that interchange
       | costs are typically about 17 to 19 percent of retailer profit.
       | Variance in these costs may induce risk-averse retailers to set
       | higher prices, thus generating additional economic inefficiencies
       | and hurting retail consumers. Negative impacts on low income and
       | minority households and small businesses have become "entrenched"
       | and are likely to get worse as interchange fees continue to
       | increase. This economic inefficiency will not change unless there
       | is a "sufficiently large shock" in the form of policy or
       | technology to change the dynamics of the monopolies holding sway
       | over the credit card system. ```
       | 
       | https://hispanicleadershipfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/0...
        
         | abalone wrote:
         | A valid interpretation but not the only way to describe it. If
         | a merchant offers a 10% discount for spending $1000 or more,
         | are they making lower-spending customers subsidize the
         | purchases of higher-spending ones? Are they transferring wealth
         | from poor to rich?
         | 
         | Technically yes. But what would the impact be of outlawing the
         | practice of volume discounts through a "policy change"?
        
       | abalone wrote:
       | Fun fact: this is why crypto never took off as a replacement for
       | credit cards. Too many entrepreneurs focused on "lower fees" as
       | if it were some technical property. But it was never about the
       | technology.
       | 
       | Interchange fees primarily fund consumer rewards programs and
       | benefits. To become an appealing choice for consumers, any new
       | payment method has to offer competitive benefits. Those benefits
       | are funded by the fees.
       | 
       | Visa/MC/AmEx have essentially created a system whereby higher-
       | spending customers are able to wrench more value from merchants
       | in the form of higher fees. This is reflected in the fee
       | schedules that slice and dice merchants by category and customers
       | by card tier.
       | 
       | If you want to build a new payment system it is important to
       | understand that it's not just a negotiation between merchants and
       | issuers. It's a two-sided market where customers also leverage
       | their spending power, directly or indirectly.
        
         | ninepoints wrote:
         | Surely that isn't the _only_ reason
        
           | MrSkyNet wrote:
           | The complexity of crypto is probably the biggest.
           | 
           | The second biggest is the missing need: Most people don't
           | have any advantage of using crypto. They go to work, get a
           | salary, buy/sell things and thats it.
           | 
           | If you don't need to buy something illegal or really believe
           | that there is still a soviety left to take some crypto in
           | worst case scenario, fiat is great.
        
             | twosdai wrote:
             | I have this pet theory that the idea of decentralized
             | currency is a bit ahead of its time, and the best consumer
             | use case is for frequent travelers since you could more
             | easily sidestep foreign exchange issues, and hassles.
             | 
             | There's a bunch of backend and b2b use cases to be explored
             | but those also take time.
             | 
             | All this assumes the volatility issue is solved.
        
               | BizarroLand wrote:
               | Ahead of its time. Not a bad call.
               | 
               | In a quasicapitalist utopia, crypto would be a very
               | convenient way to enable the government to set a stock
               | value for a universal cryptocredit and make that credit
               | its default method of value transfer.
               | 
               | They could do something like pin the value to 1 credit =
               | 1 hour of unskilled menial labor, and strictly control
               | the supply.
               | 
               | With appropriate software monitoring and a lack of other
               | methods of direct wealth transfer, it would make it
               | impossible to not properly pay your taxes and vastly more
               | difficult to exchange wealth without government
               | oversight, and make money crimes vastly more difficult,
               | from hiring criminals to do crimes to purchasing drugs
               | and weapons for illicit purposes.
               | 
               | It's the perfect system for a dictatorship as well.
        
               | howeyc wrote:
               | Also doesn't need to be decentralized or an existing
               | crypto currency to solve those issues.
               | 
               | For example, central banks are exploring smart contracts
               | for international payments.
               | https://www.bis.org/press/p240403.htm
        
               | organsnyder wrote:
               | > frequent travelers since you could more easily sidestep
               | foreign exchange issues
               | 
               | I don't travel internationally very frequently, but
               | whenever I do my credit card handles currency exchange
               | for me automatically. Perhaps I'm not getting the best
               | exchange rate, but the difference is minimal enough that
               | looking into alternatives isn't worth the hassle.
        
             | margalabargala wrote:
             | Amother huge piece is that it (Bitcoin and most other major
             | cryptos) is by design a deflationary money system.
             | 
             | Why would you spend crypto when you could get more for it
             | if you wait a week?
             | 
             | You wouldn't.
             | 
             | And people don't.
        
               | max51 wrote:
               | >Why would you spend crypto when you could get more for
               | it if you wait a week?
               | 
               | that never stopped capitalist from spending their money
               | even if they make profit from their investment. If your
               | logic was true, no one who has access to investment
               | opportunities (eg. the stock market) would ever spend any
               | money.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | > If your logic was true...
               | 
               | I think you're taking a stronger interpretation than what
               | I wrote.
               | 
               | I'm not saying no one ever spent any crypto.
               | 
               | I'm saying that because it was deflationary, people
               | tended to spend less than otherwise. This was so bad with
               | bitcoin that it failed to be usable as a currency.
               | 
               | If my logic were true, then when interest rates were
               | higher and people could make more money doing nothing,
               | then people with access to investment opportunities would
               | _tend_ to spend _less_ money.
               | 
               | Which is exactly what we are currently seeing.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | Crypto is complex but I don't think very many people could
             | explain how Visa's merchant payment network functions. It
             | just does, and no one has to think about it.
        
           | albrewer wrote:
           | 15-60 minute settlement times early on certainly didn't help
        
             | mindcandy wrote:
             | Visa/Mastercard have settlement times of over 24 hours.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, for over a decade now, Litecoin has had a
             | settlement time of 2.5 minutes. And, for tiny (sub $100)
             | transactions, it's totally reasonable to just look up the
             | wallet's holdings in an instant.
             | 
             | For online transactions, you can always let the customer go
             | immediately. Just wait 3 minutes before you ship :P
        
         | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
         | >this is why crypto never took off as a replacement for credit
         | cards
         | 
         | I thought it was because transactions take minutes instead of
         | seconds.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | And because it's uncompelling. I have a bunch of consumer
           | protections around my credit card, why would I want to use
           | crypto instead? Especially when it's a wildly fluctuating
           | speculative asset and the burger I buy for $15 worth of coins
           | today will be $60 dollars of coins tomorrow.
        
           | tcmart14 wrote:
           | That is almost certainly one reason and an important one. But
           | as the other commenter to your comment shows, there is a lot
           | more. Protections is a big one. I also personally side that,
           | you need a way for people to interface with their crypto like
           | they do with their current bank and as simple as possible.
           | Normal people don't want to have to juggle around keys. Hell,
           | Im a software engineer and I hate having to keep track of
           | keys. So every time I get a new machine, I create fresh new
           | SSH keys. My SSH keys are disposable to me.
        
           | Obi_Juan_Kenobi wrote:
           | They can take either; waiting for confirmations is only a
           | matter of reducing double-spend risk.
           | 
           | In practice, seconds after a transaction has been signed and
           | broadcast, it is already very unlikely to double-spend. Miner
           | incentives are such that the first-seen transaction is the
           | most likely to be used. A delay of a couple seconds is
           | sufficient to account for network-propagation lag.
           | 
           | You wouldn't do this for high-value transactions, but there's
           | some threshold where real-world risk is lower than the
           | convenience of a fast transaction, and that threshold is
           | reasonably high.
        
         | objclxt wrote:
         | > this is why crypto never took off as a replacement for credit
         | cards
         | 
         | If this were true you would expect crypto to have taken off in
         | countries with low interchange rates. Europe, for example, has
         | far less of a rewards and points culture for payment, and
         | (compared to the US) much lower interchange.
         | 
         | Crypto never took off as a replacement for credit cards for
         | many reasons - the biggest coins out there are simply too
         | volatile to be usable as a currency, they lack the consumer
         | protections you get paying with a credit card, and they're
         | simply too complex for an average person to understand.
        
           | abalone wrote:
           | Interchange is regulated in Europe. You would likely run into
           | legal issues if you tried to jack up merchant fees via a
           | novel payment method.
           | 
           | However, even if it were legal, I don't think this would
           | counter my claim. I'm merely saying that you'd need to match
           | _existing_ rewards schemes in markets where they are
           | established. Introducing them into a new market is an
           | entirely different matter. The system we have today evolved
           | through many decades of negotiation and deal making among
           | merchants, issuers and card networks.
           | 
           | You're right about consumer protections --- it would be very
           | expensive for a crypto-based system to provide those without
           | an intermediary that can adjudicate and reverse transactions
           | (chargebacks).
        
         | throwaway918274 wrote:
         | This is where a lot of tech folks fail. It's almost never about
         | the technology. Most of the time all you need is a spreadsheet.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Most tech things are various forms of spreadsheet.
           | 
           | Blockchain is a distributed and complicated one.
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | I had high hopes for https://www.prnewswire.com/news-
         | releases/ternio-blockcard-wi... but it was just too much hassle
         | to keep transferring in money
         | 
         | While looking up a representative link for that, I also saw
         | that it appears Venmo is in that game, too:
         | https://www.cryptovantage.com/best-crypto-credit-cards/venmo...
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | > Fun fact: this is why crypto never took off as a replacement
         | for credit cards. Too many entrepreneurs focused on "lower
         | fees" as if it were some technical property.
         | 
         | I always thought the big problem with crypto was that the fees
         | were _atrocious_ for any small transaction.
         | 
         | And the fees only get higher as the network gets busier. You
         | can choose to have a send some money with a small fee, but the
         | miners will never confirm your transaction, as each block is
         | limited.
        
           | mattdesl wrote:
           | Not quite the case anymore--rollup fees are often below $0.05
           | per transaction.[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.gasfees.io/
        
         | skrbjc wrote:
         | It's not just crypto it's any alternative payment system.
         | Multiple payment vendors have tried to up-end the credit card
         | companies by focusing on lower fees for merchants, but
         | customers have no incentive to use that new system if they have
         | a benefit to using their credit card, at least in the US.
         | 
         | It's why, though, there are a bunch of payments companies that
         | have popped up in places throughout Asia that aren't competing
         | with rewards systems off the back of interchange.
        
         | k8svet wrote:
         | Funny, because I would pay twice the CC fee for credit card
         | transactions to be as painless as crypto. I'd rather scan a
         | barcode and wait two minutes, compared to typing my address,
         | handing over my phone number, confirming my zip, waiting for my
         | CC's TOTP to arrive. Only for it to still fail 5% of the time
         | for who knows what reason.
        
           | abalone wrote:
           | You should try Apple Pay (or maybe Google Pay?) It addresses
           | all those pain points and more, while still giving you the
           | consumer protections and fast transactions of cards.
        
             | k8svet wrote:
             | I'm not interested in giving more parties access to my
             | financial data, certainly not an ad company. And I'm not
             | about to buy an iPhone to use it. Also, merchant support
             | for it is abysmal. But, appreciate the tip all the same.
        
       | ReptileMan wrote:
       | >In Europe, card acceptance is cheap by regulatory fiat and so
       | rewards are far less common (or commonly lucrative) than in the
       | U.S.
       | 
       | Once is while the EU does something right.
        
       | thundergolfer wrote:
       | The Acquired podcast did an episode on the history of Visa that
       | covers a _lot_ of how the credit card industry works.
       | 
       | As another commenter noted, this article doesn't pull out clearly
       | how this whole credit card reward scheme actually works. The
       | Acquired episode does, by the end.
       | 
       | It works like this: the 'luxury' credit card providers,
       | partnering with Visa, take money away from merchants in order to
       | extract profit for themselves while keeping the credit card
       | consumers happy. The merchants are pissed about this, and
       | regularly make lawsuits to regulate interchange. The money
       | extracted by the credit card companies and Visa causes merchants
       | to raise prices for _everyone_ regardless of whether they have a
       | rewards card or use a credit card at all.
       | 
       | This creates in effect a massive money transfer from the poor,
       | who do not use rewards cards, to the rich consumers who do. The
       | Acquired podcast provides specific numbers on just how much worse
       | off poor consumers are given this system, and how much the
       | richest consumers benefit.
       | 
       | I come from Australia where interchange fee regulation tamps down
       | on the kind of credit card mania and fetishism seen in the USA.
        
         | humansareok1 wrote:
         | Theres a net gain between credit card rewards and higher prices
         | for reward card users?
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Yes because they are required to charge non reward customers
           | the same amount and competitive markets forced prices down.
           | 
           | Suppose the reward is 2% so someone is paying 98% of the
           | listed price. Now if everyone was a rewards customer the
           | price just moves to 102.04$ from 100$, in effect nothing
           | changes. However not everyone uses a rewards card, and the
           | prices stay the same.
           | 
           | Net result with an even split would be that 98% discount
           | applies to 101$ and Bob an unrelated customer is stuck paying
           | the extra 1% to give the reward customer their 1% savings.
           | 
           | However, it's not split 50/50 so rewards cards sometimes have
           | more victims funding their rewards and other times few
           | victims and it's effectively just a marketing gimmick.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | It's much more nuanced than that. True a 2% cash back card
             | costs the company 2%.
             | 
             | But a 4% card that gives you credit card points doesn't
             | cost the card issuer 4%.
             | 
             | If you transfer 4 Amex points for 4 Delta Skymiles. Amex
             | isn't paying Delta 1 cents per Skymile.
             | 
             | On the other hand, you can then replace a $1 you would
             | spend on Delta with 0.86 Skymiles (ie 1 Skymile is worth
             | 1.4 cents). It's also not costing Delta 1.4 cents to fly
             | you.
             | 
             | If you use your credit card points to buy on a credit card
             | run travel portal, the credit card company is getting a
             | kickback from airlines and hotels.
             | 
             | It's turtles all of the way down.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > a 4% card that gives you credit card points...
               | 
               | Sure, plenty of cars just lie about how valuable the
               | rewards are. That's a completely different game.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I'm not saying it's a lie. 4 Amex Membership Rewards
               | points are worth around 6% if I transfer them to Delta
               | instead of spending cash on the same ticket.
               | 
               | If I transfer those same points to Flying Blue/KLM (a
               | Netherlands airline), since they are a partner with
               | Delta, I can buy a domestic round trip flight in the US
               | on Delta through them where the cash price to fly into my
               | parents small regional airport is $508.
               | 
               | The price in points is 17K. That makes those same 4
               | points worth 12% back per dollar.
               | 
               | This isn't about "only the rich get value". It's about
               | the well informed.
               | 
               | 4 points per dollar is what you get back on the Amex Gold
               | for groceries.
               | 
               | You could never buy points as cheaply as Amex. For all
               | intents and purposes, credit card users are collectively
               | buying miles in bulk
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > The money extracted by the credit card companies and Visa
         | causes merchants to raise prices for everyone regardless of
         | whether they have a rewards card or use a credit card at all.
         | 
         | There has been nothing stopping US merchants from offering cash
         | and/or debit card payers a discount since Oct 2011.
         | 
         | https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/new-rules-el...
         | 
         | Most merchants are betting that people paying with credit cards
         | are willing to buy sufficiently more or buy at sufficiently
         | higher prices such that credit card transaction costs are more
         | than offset.
         | 
         | That is the only reason why a cash/debit card discount would
         | not be advertised.
         | 
         | Edit to respond to below:
         | 
         | I don't buy that. Merchants of all types already engage in
         | myriad types of discounts and promotions to price discriminate
         | customers all the time.
         | 
         | A simple sign saying "x% discount for paying cash/debit" is of
         | negligible complexity.
        
           | stuart73547373 wrote:
           | yes there is. that's an enormous added pricing and
           | communication complexity for businesses. which we know has a
           | high cost because of all the businesses who have decided it
           | would be higher than just stomaching the credit card fees.
        
             | massysett wrote:
             | Would a 1 percent cash or debit discount be an enormous
             | burden? Some merchants already programmed their terminals
             | to prod debit customers into entering their PIN rather than
             | charging it as credit, so would offering a discount really
             | be that much harder?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | One answer is: It's just annoying. I normally use a
               | credit card. Yes, I can use my debit card and enter a
               | PIN. If it's a discount specifically for cash, I may not
               | have any on me and don't want the change anyway. In any
               | case, it's adding mental overhead to just paying.
               | 
               | (It's usually more like 3% delta which I almost get in
               | cashback anyway but still annoying.)
        
           | mason55 wrote:
           | Does accepting cash really save a business that much money?
           | I've heard arguments in the past that it ends up being a
           | negligible difference once you account for all costs of
           | processing cash (someone has to take it to the bank, it can
           | get stolen in a robbery, employees can skim, you have to
           | count it, you need a safe, you need cash deliveries, etc).
           | 
           | I have no numbers, so it could be totally off-base, but it
           | feels not-impossible that it costs a percentage or two to
           | process all your cash anyway, so the difference between cash
           | & credit cards isn't actually that big. It's just that the
           | interchange fees show up as one big chunk whereas the cash
           | processing is lots of little bites, or even accounting for
           | things that didn't happen (like skimming).
           | 
           | I guess this only applies if you're legitimately reporting
           | all your cash take, if the business itself is skimming for
           | tax reasons then the savings on cash would be substantial.
        
             | astura wrote:
             | >It's just that the interchange fees show up as one big
             | chunk whereas the cash processing is lots of little bites,
             | or even accounting for things that didn't happen (like
             | skimming).
             | 
             | Not just skimming, but lost business for cash-only
             | establishments is huge. The amount probably varies by type
             | of business, but I sometimes go to a bar that's cash-only
             | and I've seen so many people walk in, try to order, and
             | walk out and never come back once they find out it's cash-
             | only. Even groups of 15-20 people. That's a significant
             | cost (in lost revenue) even if it doesn't directly show up
             | as a line item.
             | 
             | Even I admit to choosing a different place from time to
             | time I think "I could go to the cash only bar, but then I'd
             | have to go to the ATM first or I could just go to the other
             | place that doesn't require an extra trip to the ATM. I
             | should probably just go to the ATM so I could have some
             | cash on me anyways, but traffic is heavy or it's
             | cold/rainy/dark/late."
        
           | holden_nelson wrote:
           | I don't disagree with your point; I do want to point out,
           | though, that whether it's "the merchants have to raise their
           | prices" or "the merchants benefit too and are complicit", the
           | end result is still that it's still the poor who lose.
        
         | stvltvs wrote:
         | Here's the Acquired episode mentioned.
         | 
         | https://www.acquired.fm/episodes/visa
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | >This creates in effect a massive money transfer from the poor
         | 
         | I'm always a little confused on exactly HOW this plays out. I
         | could see someone with terrible credit being denied, but most
         | cash back cards I use are hardly gated / limited to "rich folks
         | only".
         | 
         | I feel like the reasons / the way it plays out are more complex
         | than the results. And really if someone is poor, struggling to
         | pay their card, that's a larger issue than the type of card
         | they use.
         | 
         | I'm just not sure reward cards = "This creates in effect a
         | massive money transfer from the poor" as simply as stated.
        
           | whoisburbansky wrote:
           | It plays out this way because anything anyone buys with a
           | credit card, reward card or not, ends up costing 2-3% more
           | than it would otherwise have, because of interchange fees. If
           | you have a rewards card, the CC issuer turns around and gives
           | you, say, half of that back (1% cashback on everything) and
           | keeps the rest. It's kind of like a tax break that you only
           | qualify for if your credit score is above a certain
           | threshold, but you have to pay into regardless of
           | income/credit score.
        
             | woobar wrote:
             | > ends up costing 2-3% more than it would otherwise
             | 
             | This is a very simplified view. Cash handling is not free.
             | Fraud levels with cash are different. Overall
             | attractiveness of a small but cash-only business is
             | different.
        
               | TheDong wrote:
               | The alternative to credit cards that charge 2-3% fees
               | shouldn't be cash, but rather debit cards with close to
               | zero fees.
               | 
               | Cash handling isn't free, but a digital transfer that
               | doesn't have rewards is obviously cheaper than a credit
               | card.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | if the credit card merchant was able to extract 2-3% for
               | using their network, what makes you think that a free
               | debit card with low/zero cost wouldn't also be owned by
               | the same credit card merchants and force the same fees to
               | maintain their monopoly?
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | Because right now debit card purchases don't have a
               | transaction fee while credit cards do. I just had two
               | recent purchases where the vendor charged a 3% surcharge
               | for credit cards but would do the transaction by debit
               | card free.
        
               | woobar wrote:
               | It is an example that greed is everywhere. Not only among
               | card issuers but also among merchants. The moment
               | merchant find a socially accepted way to extract extra
               | they will do it. Similar to tip screens on square
               | terminals in all takeout places. Costs nothing to ask,
               | generates some additional revenue.
        
               | nkurz wrote:
               | Because in the US we already have laws that cap the fees
               | on most debit cards:
               | https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/plain-
               | language/bu...
               | 
               | There's even a proposal to drop these fees even lower:
               | https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-fed-set-revise-
               | debit-c...
               | 
               | Europe has similar laws capping the fees on both credit
               | cards and debit cards. We could do the same and it would
               | work better for everyone except the credit card
               | companies.
        
               | woobar wrote:
               | Debit txs are not free. For big ($10B in assets)
               | regulated issuers they are pretty low, but for everyone
               | else they are close to 1.9%
               | 
               | [1] https://usa.visa.com/content/dam/VCOM/download/mercha
               | nts/vis...
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Debit cards get arbitrarily rejected. Some gas stations
               | won't process them. The IRS ID verification for Covid
               | stimulus wouldn't work with debit.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | There is a reason every concert and sports venue near me
               | has gone cashless. It's not because they enjoy giving
               | away 2-3% of their revenues but rather those places
               | aren't active every evening and tend to turn over
               | employees quickly. Handling cash is expensive and risky
               | in that environment.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | In a concert and sports venue concessions environment
               | you're also prioritizing throughput much more than most
               | businesses. Being cashless helps with throughput a lot -
               | the employees don't have to wait for people to count
               | their money, then recount it, and spend time making
               | change.
        
           | driscoll42 wrote:
           | There was a study by the Federal Reserve that came to the
           | conclusion last year that rewards cards is basically a money
           | transfer of ~$15 billion from poor to rich per year.
           | Discussion on Hacker News about it:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34492502
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | Gotta be honest that I'm not reading 60 pages at this
             | moment.
             | 
             | But that reads like they're talking about the net effect
             | measuring across FICO scores, but it's not clear that
             | they're talking about the overall cause / if this is a case
             | where some of the poor could in fact choose to use these
             | cards.
             | 
             | Being poor is complex, just not having time (two jobs, etc)
             | often means they don't have time for a lot of things,
             | including shopping for credit cards. I wonder if things
             | like THAT are playing a part.
             | 
             | I don't disagree with the math on the end result, I do
             | think the reason is larger than just say rewards cards, and
             | has to be approached careful.
        
               | 11101010001100 wrote:
               | If these 'luxury' credit card companies wanted poor
               | customers, you think they would have found them by now?
        
               | bakhlawa wrote:
               | I think the Grandfather was making a different point.
               | That because rewards cards = higher interchange fee for
               | the merchant, this results in the merchant increasing
               | fees on everyone (the payment networks prohibit charging
               | a higher fee to only those paying with a credit card).
               | 
               | >>>The money extracted by the credit card companies and
               | Visa causes merchants to raise prices for everyone
               | regardless of whether they have a rewards card or use a
               | credit card at all.
               | 
               | >>>This creates in effect a massive money transfer from
               | the poor, who do not use rewards cards, to the rich
               | consumers who do.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | The pricing point is such complicated one too. Demand
               | creates pricing changes, supply chains, etc...
               | 
               | If say the poor used these cards at a higher volume,
               | wouldn't they then to be passing on the changes to other
               | poor?
        
               | wyre wrote:
               | The poor/low-FICO scorers are either A) not getting
               | accepted into credit card programs, B) paying higher
               | interest rates, or C)not able to make their payments in
               | full each month.
               | 
               | Compared to another individual that can put all their
               | purchases on a rewards card and pay off their balance
               | every month.
               | 
               | The pricing point isn't that complicated either. Nearly
               | every business accepts credit card and can't avoid the
               | higher credit card fees that pay out to reward programs.
        
             | WaitWaitWha wrote:
             | That is exactly the opposite what the study states. https:/
             | /www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2023007pap...
             | 
             | In the abstract:
             | 
             | > sophisticated individuals profit from reward credit cards
             | at the expense of na"ive consumers.
             | 
             | Then in the study:
             | 
             | > Next, we study whether the redistribution across FICO
             | scores is driven by differences in cardholders' income,
             | suggesting a transfer from poor to rich consumers. Indeed,
             | We adopt the following terminology: "Reward cards" are
             | credit cards that earn either cash back, miles, or points;
             | "classic cards" are credit cards that are do not earn any
             | form of rewards. credit card rewards are often framed as a
             | "reverse Robin Hood" mechanism in which the poor subsidize
             | the rich. Our results, however, show that this explanation
             | is at best incomplete. [...] Thus, high-income consumers
             | with high FICO scores benefit from reward credit cards
             | largely at the expense of high-income consumers with low
             | FICO scores.
        
               | TehCorwiz wrote:
               | Also from the abstract: "We estimate an aggregate annual
               | redistribution of $15 billion from less to more educated,
               | poorer to richer, and high to low minority areas,
               | widening existing disparities"
        
               | Kranar wrote:
               | The Fed is very careful to differentiate between income
               | and wealth. You can be wealthy with little income and you
               | can have a lot of income but not be wealthy.
               | 
               | While the study points out that high income, high FICO
               | consumers benefit at the expense of high income low FICO
               | consumers, which strictly controls for income as opposed
               | to wealth, ultimately the study concludes what OP said it
               | does, that reward programs transfer wealth from the poor
               | to the rich, and I quote:
               | 
               | >Credit card rewards transfer income from less to more
               | educated, from poorer to richer, and from high- to low
               | minority areas, thereby widening existing spatial
               | disparities.
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | At the end of the quote you excluded this:
               | 
               |  _" We find a redistribution from low- to high-FICO
               | consumers regardless of income."_
               | 
               | Poor people have low FICO scores. There are also high-
               | income people with poor FICO scores. Both are involved.
               | 
               |  _" Thus, high-income consumers with high FICO scores
               | benefit from reward credit cards largely at the expense
               | of high-income consumers with low FICO scores."_
               | 
               | The high-income people have much more money, thus have
               | more to contribute to the pool of money going to high-
               | income high-FICO people.
               | 
               | But poor people, who already don't have much money, are
               | also contributing to this pool of money going to high-
               | income high FICO people. And more to the point, it
               | impacts poor people much more, because... they're poor.
               | 
               | So it's not completely the opposite, it's just
               | inaccurate. The poor are subsidizing the rich, _and_ the
               | rich are subsidizing the rich. The difference is, there
               | is a much larger _effect_ on the poor, because... they
               | 're poor. They have less access to credit and that lack
               | of access affects them more. A small amount of money lost
               | has a larger impact.
               | 
               | In addition to all this, people of color also have lower
               | FICO scores, so not only is it a burden on the poor, it's
               | a burden on people of color (and the young in general).
               | https://finmasters.com/average-credit-score/
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/28/black-and-hispanic-
               | americans...
        
               | skrbjc wrote:
               | Are any of these people required to open a credit card?
               | If you're poor and low FICO, then you shouldn't have a
               | credit card in the first place, just a debit card. And if
               | you're poor and high FICO, then a credit card will
               | provide you benefits.
               | 
               | It seems like the proposal is to take away rewards for
               | everyone because there's a group of people that can't
               | help themselves. Why not just be more strict about who
               | gets a credit card.
        
               | daveoc64 wrote:
               | People without a credit card are still subsidising those
               | with reward cards, as the high interchange fees are
               | spread out across all of a store's transactions.
        
               | Kranar wrote:
               | I don't see any proposal put forth. I see a study that is
               | observing human behavior.
               | 
               | The behavior being observed is merchants increasing their
               | prices for all consumers to accommodate a subset of
               | consumers who use reward cards, where reward cards end up
               | being a form of income for their holders.
               | 
               | The distribution of consumers who gain the most income
               | from reward cards are those who are more wealthy. The
               | distribution of consumers who lose the most money as a
               | consequence of having to pay higher prices due to said
               | reward cards are the less wealthy. The end result is a
               | transfer of wealth from those less wealthy to those more
               | wealthy.
               | 
               | That is an observation, not a proposal or a judgement.
               | You are welcome to make a judgement or put forth a
               | proposal from that observation but the study itself did
               | not do so.
        
               | TehCorwiz wrote:
               | These programs operate by placing the burden on the
               | vendor who inflates prices and thus even people who pay
               | in cash pay for the programs indirectly. So even if you
               | don't want a card, or can't get one you still pay for it.
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | > If you're poor and low FICO, then you shouldn't have a
               | credit card in the first place
               | 
               | The poor _need_ credit cards. Having a credit card is one
               | major way to improve your FICO.
               | 
               | Credit is a critical part of everything from obtaining
               | housing, to lower rates on auto and home loans and
               | insurance, to the ability to pay for necessary life
               | emergencies when you don't have savings (and the poor
               | don't have savings). Having bad credit can even make it
               | difficult to get a bank account, which you'd need for a
               | debit card. People who don't have credit cards often
               | resort to check-cashing stores to cover their expenses,
               | which are predatory and charge exorbitant fees, keeping
               | the poor poor.
               | 
               | > there's a group of people that can't help themselves
               | 
               | I don't know how to say this in a way that will make
               | sense to you, but this idea that "they can't help
               | themselves" or are just "irresponsible", and that's what
               | led to their situation, is wrong. And the idea that they
               | shouldn't get some form of assistance is wrong. It's kind
               | of complicated, and I would need to be typing here for an
               | hour to begin to explain it... There are tens of millions
               | of people in the US alone that struggle every day because
               | of a credit history that they are often not in control
               | of, and predatory businesses that make it impossible to
               | climb out of debt, and basic human livelihood
               | restrictions that are tied to FICO. I really can't stress
               | enough how important it is for the poor to be able to get
               | access to credit and increase their score. Hopefully
               | someone here can suggest a book or article that you can
               | read that will explain it in depth.
        
           | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
           | Poor people, actual poor people who are just scraping by,
           | usually have bad credit and cannot get credit cards.
        
             | autoexec wrote:
             | Poor people can always get credit cards. They get constant
             | offers for them. The catch is that they are terrible cards
             | with fees and insane rates. The credit industry is
             | perfectly happy to let everyone get into massive debit.
             | They'll give them to anyone
             | (https://www.mymoneydesign.com/nine-year-old-daughter-
             | credit-...)
        
               | supertrope wrote:
               | Credit cards for those with subprime credit often do not
               | offer reward gimmicks and may even require a deposit
               | and/or annual fee.
        
           | neuronexmachina wrote:
           | The median credit score for low-income Americans is 658 (US
           | average is 714): https://www.fool.com/the-
           | ascent/research/average-credit-scor...
           | 
           | It looks like a number of decent rewards cards require a
           | credit score over 670.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | because poor people, typically: - do not quality for high-
           | rewards cards (which have higher credit score thresholds) -
           | if not savvy, carry a balance because they can't afford to
           | pay off the amount in full, are subject to higher interest
           | rates because those are the cards they qualify for, and
           | thereby pay much more than than well off consumers
           | (increasing the transfer of wealth) - if savvy, realize that
           | having a credit card costs them more than not, and stick to
           | cash - are more likely to be receiving payment for services
           | in cash themselves and will just spend that rather than
           | depositing and using a CC (if they even have a bank account)
           | 
           | (update: 4.5% of US households are unbanked; these are mostly
           | from the lower quantile)
           | https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/household-survey/index.html
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | Rewards is only part of it.
         | 
         | There's also everything required for the credit card company to
         | operate, down to building leases, datacenters, hardware,
         | employee pay. All of that is vastly funded by late payment fees
         | and interest, which are almost exclusively funded by the poor.
         | 
         | At one time I wanted to start an "ice bucket challenge" to
         | start a snowball of rich people donating 100% of their credit
         | card rewards to the poor in some capacity. I'd happily join if
         | I could get the snowball going, but unfortunately, if the
         | snowball doesn't happen with a bunch of multi-millionaires I'll
         | just end up indirectly giving my money (not poor, not rich) to
         | the actually rich and I don't want that either.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Merchants pay 3%. Cardholders borrow from banks, not card
           | payment networks. Rich people can donate to poor people
           | regardless of the credit card situation.
        
             | dheera wrote:
             | The cost of running the credit card company plus rewards is
             | a lot more than that 3%. Money is fungible. So your rewards
             | comes 85% from interest payments in the case of Capital One
             | or 71% in the case of Chase.
             | 
             | https://www.valuepenguin.com/how-do-credit-card-companies-
             | ma...
             | 
             | > Rich people can donate to poor people regardless of the
             | credit card situation.
             | 
             | While this is true my idea was more of a wide scale protest
             | or behavioral art to make people _aware_ of how bad the
             | credit card system is for the poor. I know it isn 't going
             | to solve poverty but it might raise awareness about
             | something not everyone knows about.
        
         | morpheuskafka wrote:
         | That's a one sided view of it. Credit cards increase customer
         | spending behavior which benefits merchants. For low end
         | customers, the appeal is access to credit, either long-term or
         | just in between paychecks. For high end customers, the appeal
         | is the rewards and perks they get, and the convenience and
         | safety of payments.
         | 
         | This is why you are most likely to see credit card surcharges
         | for tax payments, court costs, and other non-discretionary
         | charges. Anything that either is optional to pay, or isn't but
         | they really want you to pay now (ex. a debt collector) has
         | every incentive to subsidize the card acceptance fee as it will
         | increase their sales.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | > This is why you are most likely to see credit card
           | surcharges for tax payments, court costs, and other non-
           | discretionary charges.
           | 
           | This will vary depending on where you are.
           | 
           | Most retailers here in New Zealand pass the fee on to
           | customers. Even paywave gets the percentage fee.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | The other side is also that this is great for card users
           | because we're the price sensitive side of the transaction. I
           | feel like this dynamic is rarely talked about when it comes
           | to two sided transactions. Businesses can't "just pass it to
           | the consumer" is a lot of cases and just have to eat it
           | because businesses don't have that kind of pricing power.
           | 
           | This is how Doordash works on the restaurant side, they can't
           | charge you the customer 20-30% of gross on orders, everyone
           | would stop ordering. So mostly they just have to eat it or
           | lose those sales. Some places choose to lose, some choose to
           | raise prices on DD if they can but mostly they eat it.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I think the other thing that happens is that governments
           | outsource electronic payment collection to a third party
           | which imposes a surcharge for its collection and remits the
           | full nominal amount to the government.
           | 
           | Which can lead to seemingly ludicrous results somethings. I
           | paid a "convenience" fee for parking the other night because
           | presumably collecting a bunch of quarters from a meter was
           | cheaper for the municipality than getting a bit less money
           | transferred from the parking app people?
        
           | TRDRVR wrote:
           | A _huge_ aspect people ignore is how _expensive_ it is to
           | handle cash. From storage, administration, transportation,
           | loss, etc. it 's usually a little more expensive to take
           | _cash_ vs. card.
           | 
           | This is why your grocery store partners with an ATM network
           | to let you take out extra cash at the POS. As long as you're
           | paying the fee, they'll do _whatever they can_ to trade you
           | cash for a digital deposit into their bank account.
        
             | aeyes wrote:
             | I worked at several small businesses and we always
             | preferred cash, we even accepted multiple currencies. The
             | handling was no problem but I admit that it must be more
             | difficult for larger businesses.
             | 
             | Card payments made the price of the service more expensive
             | for all customers because we weren't allowed to have a card
             | payment fee.
        
               | TRDRVR wrote:
               | >we even accepted multiple currencies
               | 
               | You accepted multiple currencies without taking a spread
               | on Forex? How did you convert it for free? Not even
               | _actual forex_ businesses can do that...
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > How did you convert it for free? Not even _actual
               | forex_ businesses can do that...
               | 
               | Actual forex businesses convert currency at negative
               | cost. That's what it means to be a forex business.
        
               | a_vanderbilt wrote:
               | Plenty of places in the world accept currencies besides
               | the local ones because they are more stable or just worth
               | more in general. Depending on the business, they might
               | handle currency the same way too.
        
               | maxcoder4 wrote:
               | I usually see this only in tourist traps, where the
               | EUR/USD price is 120% or more of the "local" price.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | When I sold on eBay and they allowed cash/bank draft
               | payments, I accepted local currency, but also major
               | currencies like US$ (in cash or bank draft because I had
               | a US$ account too) and other major currencies in cash
               | (like EUR and GBP) because they were cheaper to convert
               | with when travelling (or I could use directly). Without a
               | spread.
               | 
               | Used the EUR in Cuba when a buyer mailed me cash.
        
               | ses1984 wrote:
               | Small businesses put in sweat equity to handle cash
               | payments, like the owner going to the bank to make a
               | deposit. If they had to pay an hourly employee to do
               | that, it might even out with credit card processing fees.
               | Also small businesses can fudge numbers with cash
               | payments in a way that's a lot harder to do when some
               | other company keeps a record of all of your cc
               | transactions.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Yup, cash handling costs are significant when done as a
               | service, they can be cheaper if you don't account for the
               | time and risk (of both theft and forgery). Banks in the
               | UK typically charge about 0.6-0.8% to pay cash in for
               | large companies, and even more for small ones, and very
               | few locations will take cash.
               | 
               | However nothing beats that sweet sweet tax evasion that
               | cash allows.
        
               | Kranar wrote:
               | I also worked at small businesses and they absolutely
               | preferred cash but not because it was easy to handle but
               | because, you know... taxes, _wink_ _wink_.
        
               | whatsthenews wrote:
               | many such cases. imo it's a skill issue but understand
               | the thought process and why it's so prevalent
        
               | sgerenser wrote:
               | From the other side, my wife owns a small business where
               | 90% of her sales are on credit cards. She has no desire
               | to encourage cash as we honestly report all income
               | regardless of source (and cash is a hassle and increases
               | theft risk). The ~3% credit card fee is also more than
               | made up for by the higher spend of credit card buyers.
               | 
               | From talking to other business owners, though, the lure
               | of "tax free" cash is definitely a factor.
        
               | ransom1538 wrote:
               | "we weren't allowed to have a card payment fee. "
               | 
               | BTW. Good luck catching that. In SF, that is how many
               | businesses work. You want to use a card? Ok, one extra
               | dollar. Nothing enrages visa more, but, the merchant
               | should have this right.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | I think the restrictions on this have loosened over the
               | last (not sure how many) years.
        
               | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
               | I think the law should be that you state the maximum
               | price for a given transaction and then discount down.
               | 
               | So you can have a cash discount but it's okay to say no
               | credit card fees. These are the "junk fees" that came up
               | in political discourse in the last year or two. Credit
               | card vendors shouldn't be allowed to restrict cash
               | discounts. I know this isn't libertarian, but I want it
               | to be a pre-negotiated thing simply for the sake of
               | keeping cash alive, like how minimum wage is a pre-
               | negotiated wage to avoid the overhead of getting the
               | whole nation into a labor union.
               | 
               | That's why I like free shipping on Amazon. I know it's
               | not literally free, I just want to see what you're
               | _actually_ gonna charge me, it cuts off an avenue of
               | bullshit.
        
               | devman0 wrote:
               | In a properly working market, every consumer would pay
               | their exact interchange fee and it would be printed on
               | the receipt as a pass-through cost.
               | 
               | This would actively drive interchange fees lower when
               | consumers have to choose to pay 3% on an Amex swipe vs
               | 1.6% no frills MasterCard swipe, or .05% for a debit
               | swipe.
               | 
               | The reasons there is no downward pressure today is
               | because there is because there is no transparency, and no
               | incentive for consumers to choose a lower cost card.
        
               | j45 wrote:
               | One of the best marketing phrases I've seen to charge a
               | fee to use a credit card:
               | 
               | Convenience Fee.
        
               | hx833001 wrote:
               | Massachusetts and Connecticut are the two states that
               | have laws banning credit card surcharges. Massachusetts
               | also has a law requiring acceptance of cash.
        
               | steelframe wrote:
               | Between the Massachusetts Right to Repair Act and
               | requirement to accept cash (Part III, Title IV, Chapter
               | 255D, Section 10A), that state is looking more and more
               | like the right kind of place for me to land once I'm done
               | doing the FAANG thing. Convince me otherwise.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | Back when I was publishing a magazine in the 90s, I
               | preferred credit card payments over checks in the mail
               | because while there was the 3% vig for the merchant
               | account on the credit cards, taking piles of checks to
               | the bank was a pain and there was always the risk of a
               | check bouncing (yes, there was also the chance of a
               | charge being reversed, but in the whole time I did this,
               | that only happened once--selling subscriptions for a
               | print product is a good hedge against fraudulent use of
               | cards and the one time I got stung it was someone who
               | bought a big pile of back issues and had them shipped to
               | Hungary). Add in that credit card orders could be handled
               | by phone or internet while checks had to come in the mail
               | and it was a clear win. And that's ignoring the multiple
               | studies that show that credit card purchasers at brick
               | and mortar retail tend to spend more money than cash
               | purchasers.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Meanwhile eBay forces payments by debit/credit card/Paypal,
             | because they have arrangements with a (formerly owned)
             | processor, even though I, as a seller, would be happy to
             | accept cash/drafts/cheques/COD/whatever to keep that ~3%.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | You do not need credit card for that. Debit card is enough.
        
             | whartung wrote:
             | I was just thinking about the other day how much cash used
             | to flow through grocery stores.
             | 
             | The routine was to show up at the store with your paycheck,
             | cash it, pay for your groceries, and keep the change.
             | 
             | Our store used to have the safe up front next to the bags
             | of charcoal.
        
             | resource_waste wrote:
             | My wife takes big payments at her company.
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure lots of people are putting these on credit
             | and... might not ever pay it back.
             | 
             | She literally couldnt get cash from these people.
             | 
             | (US medical btw)
        
             | reaperducer wrote:
             | _This is why your grocery store partners with an ATM
             | network to let you take out extra cash at the POS. As long
             | as you 're paying the fee, they'll do whatever they can to
             | trade you cash for a digital deposit into their bank
             | account._
             | 
             | This is not universal.
             | 
             | Where I currently live, and where I lived five years ago,
             | supermarkets charge a fee (50C/ here, 25C/ where I used to
             | live) to take out cash at the POS, because the card
             | transaction cost more than handling cash.
             | 
             | There was a lot of "Are you sure?" prompts on the screen
             | because the supermarkets (both big chains) didn't want the
             | burden of the plastic transaction.
             | 
             | I've seen it stated a lot in technology forums that "cash
             | is more expensive for merchants than cards," but I've never
             | seen that spelled out from any source other than the card
             | companies.
             | 
             | Every low-margin business I patronize, from the garden
             | centers, to the convenience stores, to the antique stores
             | all either offer a discount for cash, or charge a fee to
             | use plastic.
             | 
             | Just last week, a woman who's run an antiques store for 35
             | years told me that card fees were going to put her out of
             | business, and she practically begged me to go down the
             | street to my bank to get cash for my purchase.
        
               | gnopgnip wrote:
               | A lot of businesses have a few percent cash discount to
               | offset credit card costs, so they make the same amount
               | either way. An antique store that would go out of
               | business unless you pay in cash is either because they
               | aren't paying consigners honestly, or they aren't paying
               | taxes.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | I hope you don't mind if I take the word of a woman who's
               | been running her business for 35 years and is a staple in
               | the community over some rando on the internet who doesn't
               | know her business, hasn't seen her financial records, has
               | zero information about how much the fees actually cost
               | her, and may not even be in the same hemisphere?
        
             | mateo1 wrote:
             | I agree, which is why merchants should be allowed to charge
             | different prices for different card operators and for cash.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | A large segment (in the US) that does _not_ subsidize credit
           | card fees are gas stations, where, for the most part, the
           | price for paying in cash is lower than with credit, or there
           | is a per transaction surcharge for using a credit or debit
           | card.
           | 
           | Car-centric as it is, gas prices are arguably the commodity
           | that US consumers are most price sensitive to (and which is
           | also most commonly evoked in politics). So this shows that
           | consumers would prefer to discriminate between card and no-
           | card purchases if given the option, except that the vast
           | majority of retail outlets do not give them that option.
        
             | panzagl wrote:
             | Is this still true somewhere? I thought this went out
             | decades ago, except maybe for a few Mom and Pop places.
        
               | yyhhsj0521 wrote:
               | Still true even for bigger brands like Shell or BP. They
               | usually have two numbers on their price display, one is
               | often about 5 cents higher than the other per gallon
               | (guess which is credit/cash). It's interesting that the
               | number for credit is usually way larger than the number
               | for cash, implying most people use credit cards.
        
               | jabroni_salad wrote:
               | I only see it for diesel in my area, and the fee is
               | probably worth it for truckers as opposed to carrying
               | cash.
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | I see interchange is capped at 0.20%. How do credit card
         | companies not lose money by giving a 60 day interest free loan
         | to customers? That is what interchange fee covers. BNPL
         | providers charge 4% for 90 days interest free loans to the
         | merchant.
        
           | milesskorpen wrote:
           | Interchange is not capped at 0.2%
        
           | supertrope wrote:
           | In jurisdictions that cap interchange banks cut the fat. No
           | rewards programs, and ending perks like price protection and
           | extended warranties. On the revenue side they are more likely
           | to charge an annual fee. Some customers carry balances at
           | 29.99%.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > The money extracted by the credit card companies and Visa
         | causes merchants to raise prices for everyone regardless of
         | whether they have a rewards card or use a credit card at all.
         | 
         | This creates in effect a massive money transfer from the poor,
         | who do not use rewards cards, to the rich consumers who do.
         | 
         | Not quite. Credit card companies obligate merchants to charge
         | the same prices regardless of whether you pay with a card, but
         | merchants frequently don't honor that obligation. And there are
         | also merchants who only take cash.
         | 
         | The poorest customers are likely to patronize these merchants.
         | They're also likely to be given discounts that aren't card-
         | related; the whole idea of price discrimination is that,
         | because impoverished customers have low willingness to pay, you
         | charge them less.
         | 
         | In a voluntary system, money transfers are always going to end
         | up being much smaller than they looked like they would be when
         | you thought about their effects, because people adjust their
         | behavior to avoid them.
        
           | sunshowers wrote:
           | > Credit card companies obligate merchants to charge the same
           | prices regardless of whether you pay with a card
           | 
           | No longer true in most of the US, actually.
           | 
           | https://www.lawpay.com/about/blog/credit-card-surcharge-
           | rule...
        
         | jollyllama wrote:
         | It creates a massive money transfer from small businesses to
         | credit card companies, transfer partners, and wealthy
         | consumers.
        
           | skrbjc wrote:
           | Seems to make sense to transfer money from one group to
           | another for a service that one group uses and the other
           | provides.
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | To add to your point; there's an IMF paper[1] backing this
         | claim of "massive money transfer from the poor...to the rich".
         | 
         | I'm quoting the summary below
         | 
         | "We study credit card rewards as an ideal laboratory to
         | quantify redistribution between consumers in retail financial
         | markets. Comparing cards with and without rewards, we find
         | that, regardless of income, sophisticated individuals profit
         | from reward credit cards at the expense of naive consumers. To
         | probe the underlying mechanisms, we exploit bank-initiated
         | account limit increases at the card level and show that reward
         | cards induce more spending, leaving naive consumers with higher
         | unpaid balances. Naive consumers also follow a sub-optimal
         | balance-matching heuristic when repaying their credit cards,
         | incurring higher costs. Banks incentivize the use of reward
         | cards by offering lower interest rates than on comparable cards
         | without rewards. We estimate an aggregate annual redistribution
         | of $15 billion from less to more educated, poorer to richer,
         | and high to low minority areas, widening existing disparities."
         | 
         | [1]
         | 
         | https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2023/03/10/Who...
        
           | vineyardmike wrote:
           | Technically this paper doesn't say "poor to rich" it says
           | "subprime borrowers to super-prime borrowers". Income-to-FICO
           | score is only moderately correlated. Well, it says rich to
           | poor in the abstract and conclusions, but not the actual
           | writing.
           | 
           | The paper says high-income borrowers who run balances "lose"
           | the most in this transfer - because they spend more in
           | absolute terms, and banks are better able to capture that
           | through balance increase.
           | 
           | To quote: "our findings are inconsistent with the reverse
           | Robinhood hypothesis".
        
           | cbdumas wrote:
           | I don't read that paper as backing that claim. At best the
           | paper finds that the mechanism is more complicated than
           | "money transfer from the poor... to the rich". To quote the
           | conclusion directly:
           | 
           | "Notably, our results are not driven by income, as they hold
           | within the sub-samples of low-, middle- and high-income
           | individuals. In particular, high-FICO high-income consumers
           | benefit the most from reward credit cards, but they do so at
           | the expense of low-FICO high-income consumers. While credit
           | card rewards are often framed as a "reverse Robin Hood"
           | mechanism in which the poor subsidize the rich, our results
           | show that this explanation is at best incomplete."
        
           | thegrimmest wrote:
           | Can't this be rewritten in plain English as "unsophisticated
           | (dumb) people don't know how to use credit cards in their own
           | interest?". Isn't that just the _free_ in _free market_?
           | 
           | Why is a principled objection to a paternalistic state
           | intervening to protect dumb people from making bad decisions
           | seen as unethical? What entitles dumb people to such
           | protection?
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | What's dumb is the statement or implication, which is made
             | constantly, that the typical person is dumb. I don't mean
             | to pick on you personally, who I have no grievance with,
             | but rather to heap scorn on an idea both illogical and
             | presented in bad faith frequently, a practice I always
             | aspire to.
             | 
             | The typical person is the result of ruthless selection
             | pressures over millions or billions of years depending on
             | how one sets their watch, a chain of the fittest, savviest,
             | toughest, and hardest to kill members of the most dangerous
             | life form we know about.
             | 
             | Most people, more than half, are unsophisticated by the
             | definitions implied, which would make people of _above
             | average intelligence_ "dumb". Dubious, to put it mildly.
             | 
             | A much more plausible theory, and one not laden with all
             | the trim and tackle of a bigoted agenda, is that the
             | typical person receives a poor education, leaving them ill-
             | equipped to outmaneuver operations research PhDs whose
             | entire job is to use the very efficient frontier of
             | mechanism design, dark patterns writ large, to outfox
             | individuals who (in the typical case) didn't have wealthy
             | parents or some other greased path into an advanced degree.
             | 
             | And the real kicker to me, as someone who has spent serious
             | time with seriously high-profile people in technology, is
             | that for whatever combination of reasons (one watches out
             | for post hoc ergo propter hoc type fallacies, cause and
             | effect are nuanced in human affairs), I've found that the
             | higher someone's station in life is, the less formidable
             | they seem. I don't know if power corrodes the necessity to
             | stay sharp, or if privileged positions emphasize some other
             | set of traits at the expense of basic competencies, but if
             | half the big shots I've met started from scratch in my
             | neighborhood, they'd have been an easy mark for the
             | unscrupulous and/or hungry.
             | 
             | Being ill-served by an education system that is broken by
             | design, and being outfoxed by fraudsters with sophisticated
             | mathematics who all but write their own laws doesn't make
             | someone stupid.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | > _that the typical person is dumb_
               | 
               | The typical person is typical, and from the perspective
               | of an atypically smart person that's dumb(er). I'm not
               | saying I am such a person, only that they inevitably
               | exist.
               | 
               | > _is that the typical person receives a poor education_
               | 
               | Uneducated, unsophisticated, and dumb are interchangeable
               | for the purposes of this argument. People should navigate
               | the world on their own merits, not have the state
               | intervene on their behalf. That's the point of a _free_
               | market and society.
               | 
               | Whether or not you're of "above average intelligence", if
               | you use your credit card like a bank account, you
               | _deserve_ every bit of  "wealth transfer" to people who
               | know better that entails.
               | 
               | Understanding the difference between borrowing and
               | earning doesn't require any sophisticated mathematics.
               | Neither does understanding compounding interest payments.
               | The only skill required is basic arithmetic. I don't see
               | why folks feel the need to defend plainly bad decisions
               | made by others, or advocate that they be protected from
               | the full extent of their obvious consequences.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | If you're not saying that you're an atypically smart
               | person, then how would you know what such a person would
               | think about this?
               | 
               | Understanding modern finance at any level of
               | sophistication sufficient to even speculate about the
               | incentives and constraints and therefore the implied
               | utility payoff structure for anyone requires a great deal
               | more than simple arithmetic: even your example of
               | calculating compound interest in the most charitable
               | interpretation of how you could have meant that, which is
               | a stationary risk-free return discounting a zero-coupon
               | bond with neither default nor prepayment risk (because
               | now we're into IO and PO strips and that's a TED talk all
               | by itself) is a differential equation.
               | 
               | Its big brother, the Black-Scholes-Merton equation, is
               | wildly more complicated under any faux-realistic "risk
               | neutral expectation": that's Ito calculus. And it's all
               | but useless (arguably worse than useless in times of
               | significant pressure in repo markets among other
               | stresses): it's basically a security blanket that
               | Mandelbrot had demolished conclusively in the 1970s, it
               | was all but conclusively discredited in "interesting
               | times" in markets the moment it was posed. And we can do
               | VAR, and all that, I'll make time for this.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | > _what such a person would think about this?_
               | 
               | I'm sure opinions of people in any category vary widely.
               | I'm simply pointing out that the curse of
               | knowledge/competence _exists_. If you 're an unusually
               | capable _anything_ , the average person will be incapable
               | by comparison.
               | 
               | None of the deep understanding of finance you're
               | postulating is required to make decisions adequate to
               | avoid being taken advantage of by a credit card. Pay your
               | bill every month in full and you'll be a net beneficiary.
               | 
               | Trying to optimize your investment strategy is a full
               | time profession. Simple, functional, strategies are
               | readily available for unsophisticated (but not dumb)
               | consumers (eg. buy and hold index funds). Stepping off
               | the beaten path is always done at one's own risk, and
               | over the proverbial corpses of your predecessors who
               | thought they knew better. So much is true in all areas of
               | life.
               | 
               | You've not addressed my main question: Why defend
               | obviously unconsidered, unsound, and plainly bad,
               | decisions made by others?
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I have addressed your question: the realities of life in
               | a financially precarious situation have utilitarian
               | payoff structures and attendant mechanism design that
               | consist of a basket of utilities that are often signed if
               | not complex scalars even at course approximation.
               | 
               | A trivial, tinker-toy reductio absurdium is that if
               | someone believes they are likely to die soon (not an
               | uncommon thing for the left behind in the 2020s, my
               | brother drowned himself in a bathtub a few years ago
               | under a level of crushing poverty that I would have
               | subsidized dramatically more had I understood his
               | situation, even being substantially tapped out myself)
               | they have little if any incentive to worry about how a
               | fucking credit card is going to look 20 years down the
               | road.
               | 
               | I speak from a lot of lived experience here: when I got a
               | job in my late teens sufficient to arbitrary calories, I
               | gained 30 pounds. I was 150 at 6'4" prior.
               | 
               | I speak from experience on education: I have what rounds
               | to none, and somehow discuss the nuances of complex
               | derivatives pricing, which is tangential at best to my
               | core expertise.
               | 
               | I've addressed your argument: you can't easily dollarize
               | all of the externalities, and even if you could, compound
               | interest remains a differential equation.
               | 
               | I'll kindly thank you to address the substantial points
               | regarding mechanism design, semistable Nash equilibria,
               | the role of open market operations in wage manipulation,
               | the recurring socialization of losses and privatization
               | of profits via a long discredited notion that anything in
               | finance is long or even medium-run Gaussian distributed
               | that I've raised before saying the word "dumb" again?
               | 
               | I'd really appreciate it.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | So it sounds like you're saying that modern life is too
               | complex to effectively navigate? There are many examples
               | of rather simple people from humble beginnings navigating
               | it successfully.
               | 
               | Your straightforward example consists of someone who
               | consciously makes a short-term decision on the basis they
               | won't be around to deal with the consequences. In your
               | specific example, why should we externalize their risk?
               | Isn't it theirs to take, and aren't the consequences
               | theirs to own? If their assumption turns out to be wrong,
               | don't they already have more than enough to be happy
               | about?
               | 
               | You're basically suggesting we subsidize the short-term
               | thinking of people who for whatever reason are not
               | planning for their own future? What is the _moral_ reason
               | that entities them so such a subsidy?
               | 
               | I'm also speaking from lived experience. I was born into
               | a single parent household of very poor recent immigrants.
               | I'm also not a financial expert, but my thesis is you
               | don't need to be to avoid falling into obvious debt
               | traps.
               | 
               | > _the left behind in the 2020_
               | 
               | I am sorry about your brother. Do you think he was not
               | personally, individually responsible for his decisions
               | and actions? I've not met any employer who isn't
               | clamouring for someone that will: 1) be sober 2) show up
               | on time 3) work hard. Anyone who can do these three
               | things can excel. There are countless instances of
               | careers that span from entry level to executive. This is
               | substantiated by research that shows "grit" as the key
               | determining factor for economic success.
               | 
               | > _I'll kindly thank you to address the substantial
               | points_
               | 
               | Your thesis is that not all individuals have the same
               | capacity to manage risk due to systemic inequalities or
               | immediate crises. I agree with that. I simply disagree
               | that this is a morally unacceptable status quo. I see
               | society as a liberal ecosystem, where organisms are
               | continually succeeding and failing. The authority
               | required to mount a collective response to these
               | inequalities is too susceptible to corruption, and
               | represent injustice in their departure from liberalism.
               | Not to mention that well-meaning interventions by
               | federated authority have an _abysmal_ track record.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | My brother was also cursed by epilepsy, which was likely
               | in large part due to the lead poisoning all of us
               | received living in a house that should be condemned as
               | young children.
               | 
               | I wish people like you faced anything like the
               | consequences you so gleefully dole out for others.
               | 
               | I'm going to forget your username. Make sure I don't have
               | cause to remember it.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | As I said, I'm sorry about your brother, truly. That
               | doesn't take away from the fact that all our curses and
               | all our blessings are fundamentally ours to bear. I'm not
               | doling out any consequences, just advocating for
               | individualism and voluntary association. These are the
               | principles that underpin our prosperity. I've lived
               | through plenty of misfortune and suffering. All of that
               | is _mine_ though. I would rather die screaming in agony
               | than pry greedily into the pocket of an unwilling
               | stranger. I 'm somewhat disappointed we cannot disagree
               | about this in a friendly manner.
        
               | pertymcpert wrote:
               | Example of lack of sharpness? You could also work on
               | being more concise.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | You put me in an awkward position because I'm describing
               | an observed trend of people I've known personally, and
               | while I'll call out flagrant malfeasance by name, I try
               | to not just call people soft or incompetent by name
               | without an adjacent example of serious wrongdoing.
               | 
               | I don't think it takes hard hitting investigative
               | journalism to find catastrophic fuckup after catastrophic
               | fuckup among the elite in the last month alone.
               | 
               | That's a Google search away, if your objection is made in
               | good faith, Google it.
        
           | jmilloy wrote:
           | This is interesting. The study you cite and quote is about a
           | transfer of money from "naive" credit card consumers to
           | "sophisticated" credit card consumers, which correlates to
           | "poor to rich", "less educated to more educated", etc. I'm
           | even more interested in the transfer that occurs from both
           | cash and non-reward-card consumers to specifically reward-
           | card users.
        
         | psadri wrote:
         | This is an interesting flywheel. Once I realized that by not
         | using a CC I was subsidizing everyone else, I decided to opt
         | into using a high reward credit card myself.
        
           | supertrope wrote:
           | There are Prisoner's Dilemmas everywhere.
           | 
           | Many jobs require a college degree as a blunt filter for
           | employee quality. Now that more and more people have that so
           | it's been devalued. You now need specific majors or to come
           | out of an elite college to get the same advantage that used
           | to be conferred by being a college grad. Colleges talk about
           | affordability but many colleges spend big on recruiting star
           | professors and new facilities to compete in the rankings and
           | alumni donations arms race.
           | 
           | Car traffic makes not driving dangerous so people are
           | incentivize to drive. SUVs make driving a sedan more
           | dangerous during crashes so people choose to buy bigger cars.
           | 
           | Marketers race to the bottom on ever more annoying, numerous,
           | and louder ads. People block or mentally tune out ads which
           | feeds back into advertisers pushing the envelope to get
           | noticed.
           | 
           | If ransomware victims did not pay it would become
           | unprofitable. But each business is rightfully concerned about
           | mitigating its immediate business interruption.
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | > The money extracted by the credit card companies and Visa
         | causes merchants to raise prices for everyone regardless of
         | whether they have a rewards card or use a credit card at all.
         | 
         | Case studies indicate otherwise.
         | 
         | Dodd-Frank Act postulated what you stated, that higher fees
         | result in higher prices for consumers ... and if you lowered
         | the fees for the merchants, merchants would lower their prices
         | (to pass along that savings back to the consumers).
         | 
         | But studies have shown otherwise, and merchants did not lower
         | fees.
         | 
         | https://www.cutimes.com/2015/09/03/durbin-failing-to-lower-m...
        
           | Devorlon wrote:
           | > Two thirds of the merchants surveyed reported no change or
           | didn't know the change in their debit costs post-regulation.
           | One fourth actually reported an increase in debit costs
        
           | abalone wrote:
           | Also true for Australia! When they regulated interchange,
           | merchants did not pass the savings on to consumers.[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://laweconcenter.org/resources/the-effects-of-price-
           | con...
        
             | eltondegeneres wrote:
             | That think tank is funded[1] by the anti-regulation Charles
             | Koch Institute and the article should be read with that in
             | mind.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.influencewatch.org/non-
             | profit/international-poli...
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | That may be true. But do you in your heart of hearts
               | think that companies are going to pass those savings on
               | to consumers?
        
           | sf_rob wrote:
           | Claiming that merchant fees result in higher prices is
           | different from claiming that reducing merchant fees would
           | directly, immediately, or measurably lower prices. Isn't a
           | plausible explanation that companies are hesitant to lower
           | prices for any reason?
           | 
           | Let's consider the opposite scenario, if Visa raises their
           | fees do merchants keep prices where they are? I suspect not.
        
       | astura wrote:
       | >Almost everybody writing about credit cards on the Internet
       | receives some sort of spiff if you sign up after clicking through
       | tagged links in their material.
       | 
       | This is something that really can't be said loud enough. The vast
       | majority of credit card content on the Internet is just shilling
       | for referral money. Like almost all of it. There's so much money
       | in this space, and most people have no idea.
       | 
       | That's why Doctor of Credit is the only site I'll ever visit/use
       | - https://www.doctorofcredit.com/were-removing-all-credit-card...
       | 
       | About a decade ago I found some blog about credit card rewards
       | and signed up for their mailing list. The owner of the blog
       | emailed me directly saying how he's going to "guide me through
       | the process" and was pushing me to sign up for certain credit
       | cards for sign up bonuses and wanted to know if I had any
       | questions. He was acting like he was a friend just trying to
       | guide me. I was a little taken aback but replied I was going to
       | spend a large amount of money soon and I wanted to earn a sign up
       | bonus for it and I found a sign up bonus that was comparable to
       | what he was pushing on me from Navy Federal. I asked what he
       | thought of it. He said it was no good and I needed to use the
       | cards he was pushing for XYZ reason, blah,blah,blah. It was so
       | fucking sketchy, I stopped responding, unsubbed from the mailing
       | list, and sent all his emails in the trash. Never visited the
       | blog again.
       | 
       | I didn't realize until later how much money he stood to earn from
       | me using his sign up links and the only thing wrong with Navy
       | Federal offer was it wouldn't earn him anything.
       | 
       | I ended up becoming really familiar with the major credits after
       | that.
        
       | lastofthemojito wrote:
       | So what's the deal with the Chase Sapphire Reserve card he
       | mentions almost everyone having? I don't shop for credit cards
       | often and when I Google it I see it's myriad of rules for points
       | and perks, but nothing really jumped out at me as the killer
       | feature that would lead to that sort of adoption.
        
         | versuspinecone wrote:
         | I think their point was that it was the first card of its kind
         | outside of American Express. Back in 2016 there wasn't anything
         | else really like it other than Amex's high tier cards. It also
         | had a really generous sign up bonus when they first released
         | it, 100,000 points if you spent a certain amount on the card in
         | the first few months. Since then other issuers have been
         | playing catch-up so the CSR stands out less.
        
         | cschneid wrote:
         | When it came out, its signup bonus was quite generous, and its
         | points could be redeemed for a lot of value if you used them
         | right (travel). It's less generous now, but still pretty solid.
         | 
         | The big one is that points can be used for 1.5x travel or
         | something like that. So 100 points buys $1.50 of travel, which
         | can add up pretty quickly. The signup bonus was worth something
         | like $1200. And its 'better than normal' categories fit well
         | with professionals in cities who eat out a lot, with a high
         | point-accumulation from that use.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | The big news in credit card rewards (that I was hoping this
       | article would address) is that Robinhood just announced a 3% flat
       | cash back card, highest I've ever seen, where the only catch is
       | that the money is deposited into your Robinhood account.
       | 
       | At 3% they are clearly losing tons of money on every transaction.
       | There is an annual fee but it is only $60. The money can be
       | withdrawn from Robinhood as soon as it is deposited. How can they
       | possibly afford this? What are people doing with their money in
       | Robinhood that they are willing to pay people over 1% (I'm
       | assuming) just to deposit money there in a roundabout way?
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | They take a loss from every transaction and make up for it with
         | volume. /s
         | 
         | My guess is that since Robinhood Gold gives you a lower margin
         | interest rate, enticing people to use more margin, they hope to
         | reap all the money back and then some.
         | 
         | Since the rebate money goes directly into your Robinhood
         | account, rather than a checking account, they encourage it to
         | stay in Robinhood.
        
           | mdaniel wrote:
           | > They take a loss from every transaction and make up for it
           | with volume. /s
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/KodqIPMbyUg?t=54 _(First CityWide Change
           | Bank 2 - Saturday Night Live)_
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | recently relevant:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39909035 _(How can
         | Robinhood afford 3% cash back on its new credit card?; Apr
         | 2024; 21 comments)_
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Thanks, I missed that one. Seems like the answer is nobody
           | really knows and it's all unsatisfying speculation.
        
         | vl wrote:
         | Fidelity has flat 2% no fee "deposit to fidelity" card since
         | forever. Probably Robinhood is competing in "small customer"
         | segment and just passes all rewards to customers since it's
         | attractive for their target customer?
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | 2% I can understand. 3% is a big loss to take.
        
       | waynesonfire wrote:
       | credit card transaction fees should be charged to the customer
       | not the merchant.
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | I'm really curious about how the T-Mobile dining program works
       | where by registering my credit card (which already gives 3%
       | cashback on restaurant purchases), I get another 5% cashback
       | through T-mobile.
        
       | cess11 wrote:
       | Quite interesting. I've had one encounter with such a credit
       | card, which I only used for making a rather large payment over
       | the course of four months without having to pay interest. To me,
       | that was the attraction, not having to adjust my monthly
       | budgeting much and also not having to dip into savings. My bank
       | would have said 'yeah, lol, you pay our 8% interest if you want a
       | loan you could actually cash out at any time'.
       | 
       | Where I live credit cards are still relatively uncommon, most
       | cards in use are debit, and from the article it seems they have a
       | simpler scheme behind them. The idea to have a 'book-buyers
       | credit card' seems quite foreign, though I think some people have
       | gas-station-related cards.
        
       | yruthewaythatur wrote:
       | What are these rewards programs? is this a USA specific thing?
        
         | skrbjc wrote:
         | Depending on the card, you get around 1 or 2 or even 3% back in
         | cash or other types of rewards like airline miles on your
         | purchase. Basically the credit card company charges a merchant
         | something like 3% on a transaction they accept through a credit
         | card, and the credit card company decides to pass on a portion
         | of that fee to the credit card user as an incentive to use that
         | credit card over another form of payment.
         | 
         | In my case, I pay for as much as I possibly can using a credit
         | card and then pay it off at the end of the month so that I can
         | get that % reward back and am not charged any fees.
        
       | nfriedly wrote:
       | My credit card is a Fidelity 2% cash back Visa. (I think it was
       | originally American Express, but it's Visa now. Presumably that
       | happened sometime after 2016.) I don't travel much, so getting
       | cash deposited into my brokerage is more useful to me, and with a
       | "2% on everything" card, it's not really worth it to me to carry
       | around other cards for specific categories.
       | 
       | After I bought my current home, I put a bunch of expenses on the
       | card. I didn't realize I had gone over the limit until I got a
       | letter in the mail telling me that they automatically increased
       | the limit. They keep increasing it every year or two, so at this
       | point I could put a mid range car on the card.
       | 
       | All that said, I would prefer if rewards cards in general were
       | banned and everything was just 2% cheaper. The whole concept
       | feels a little dirty to me, like I'm taking a bribe to use a
       | specific form of payment. But, at the same time, it doesn't make
       | sense not to in the current market.
        
         | xyzelement wrote:
         | I likewise have this card and it worked for me in a certain
         | point in my life but it depends on what you spend money on. As
         | a family of 4 we spend a lot on groceries and eating out so its
         | good to use a card for those things that gives us 3%. The sort
         | of most obvious one is the amazon visa which you can connect to
         | your amazon account and get the 3% off on everything there
         | automatically.
         | 
         | It's not a life changing amount but it's free money.
        
           | gen220 wrote:
           | Just an unsolicited pointer, but if you're US-based you might
           | consider computing the cost/benefit of an Amex blue cash
           | preferred.
           | 
           | It carries an annual fee of $95, but the 6% back on groceries
           | (on your first $6000/yr) and 3% on gas add up pretty quickly.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | I've had the Fidelity 2% card for a long time. It's simple, and
         | mostly no-nonsense. It's one of my two "everyday carry" cards,
         | and what I use for everything except Amazon and Whole Foods
         | Market (WFM).
         | 
         | For Amazon and WFM, I use the Amazon (Chase) card. Since WFM
         | has replaced or outlived most of the grocery stores near me,
         | this is my other carry card, and it doubles as a backup card if
         | the Fidelity 2% has a problem.
         | 
         | I almost added a Target 5% store card recently, because being a
         | cheap bastid overrides being a minimalist bastid. But I
         | abandoned the card application form, when something about it
         | seemed a little too invasive. So I'll keep doing the Fidelity
         | 2% card when I shop at Target, and that makes Target prices a
         | little less competitive.
        
           | nfriedly wrote:
           | > It's simple, and mostly no-nonsense.
           | 
           | Yeah, that's the other reason I like it: I rarely have to
           | think about it. Both paying off the monthly balance and
           | cashing out the rewards are fully automated.
           | 
           | All I have to remember to do is save a copy of the annual
           | summaries at least once every 3 years, because they don't let
           | you go back farther than that.
           | 
           | I try to keep most of my finances "on rails" like that where
           | bills, savings, etc. just happen automatically.
        
       | gist wrote:
       | > There are many, many other sucker buttons.
       | 
       | Sucker buttons? How about (this is addressed to a certain group
       | of people not everyone) spend your time trying to make money in
       | some way rather than trying to max small amounts that you get
       | from credit cards, reward programs what not. As if everyone is
       | just some kind of retired person with time on their hands to
       | think about miles, rewards etc as a way to keep busy.
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | Remember: there is no such thing as a free lunch.
       | 
       | If they're rewarding you with something, either you or someone
       | else is paying for it. Someone else, in this case, means another
       | cardholder. Maybe the merchant the rewards program is through is
       | counting on you to spend on something you otherwise wouldn't.
       | Sure as hell isn't the bank offering the card.
       | 
       | The credit-ification of everyday purchases in the United States
       | since the 1980s has been a disaster for the average American's
       | financial health.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | What do you mean another cardholder? It's the vendors paying
         | the credit card tax.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | And where does the vendor get their money?
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _Due to long-standing practice, I am (homeopathically) exposed
       | to the common equity of financial services companies that my
       | family uses, so that I can call up Investor Relations if I ever
       | need to escalate a routine banking issue._
       | 
       | For this to be effective, what parts-per-billion concentration do
       | I need?
        
       | wtatum wrote:
       | Not to go too off topic but I'm extremely interested in the
       | throwaway comment about holding enough equity in your service
       | provider of choice to justify calling investor relations when you
       | have an issue. Is this a real thing that people do? If it works
       | it sounds like an amazing life hack but I have my doubts how much
       | influence they would have over the "real" support.
        
         | renhanxue wrote:
         | It's a thing the author of that article does, at least. He's
         | got an article mostly about how to escalate identity theft
         | complaints here that touches on it:
         | https://www.kalzumeus.com/2017/09/09/identity-theft-credit-r...
         | 
         | It's very long so I'll just quote a small bit specifically
         | about the Investor Relations:
         | 
         | > _If you cannot route letters to the legal department, go as
         | high up as required. Pro-tip: virtually every major US company
         | has a department called Investor Relations which is trivially
         | discoverable, very well-funded, publicly routable, and very
         | bored during 80% of the year. You can excuse any letter to
         | Investor Relations with: "I am a shareholder in BigBank. I was
         | therefore profoundly displeased when I learned..."_
         | 
         | > _What's a well-paid bored professional in Investor Relations
         | going to do with your account information? Nothing? Nothing is
         | a great way to get fired. No, they're going to open up their
         | internal phone tree or ticketing system and say "I have a
         | letter from an investor which alleges an identity theft issue.
         | Which group handles that? Your department? Great; handle it and
         | call me when you're done. Do you want it by fax, email, or
         | FedEx?"_
         | 
         | For this to work though you've got to _present_ like your
         | position in the stock is in the millions of dollars, even if it
         | 's actually like $100. The author of the article has been in
         | the financial industry for a very long time, and has also spent
         | a long time as a Japanese salaryman, so he can definitely pull
         | that off.
        
           | dexwiz wrote:
           | There are a ton of free services only accessible to those
           | with money. For example, if you buy jewelry from any luxury
           | store you can often also bring it in for free cleaning. But
           | they will honor this for any piece you bought from them. And
           | if you bring in a mix of pieces they will often clean them
           | all.
           | 
           | Luxury retail isn't often worth it, but when it is it comes
           | with lifetime services.
        
       | steelframe wrote:
       | It's fascinating to me how much people discount their privacy.
        
       | acyou wrote:
       | Before, the American economy has been built on excess
       | consumption. Assuming that the rising tide lifts all boats,
       | rewarding and encouraging excess consumption helped everyone, not
       | just the wealthy. That's almost the opposite case when most goods
       | purchased are now overseas imports. If the model doesn't make
       | sense anymore, it should be replaced. Remove the ban on charging
       | based on payment method.
       | 
       | Stripe is relevant. If customer and merchant incentives are
       | aligned, I would say Stripe probably just wants to have low or
       | minimum interchange? Have I misunderstood?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-04-04 23:00 UTC)