[HN Gopher] A Brazilian special-forces unit fighting to save the...
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       A Brazilian special-forces unit fighting to save the Amazon
        
       Author : mitchbob
       Score  : 222 points
       Date   : 2024-04-02 20:14 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | mitchbob wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/2024.04.01-160136/https://www.newyorker.c...
        
       | djohnston wrote:
       | This is where drones and spies seem like the right approach. It
       | can't be hard to get a labourer on site with a cellphone or even
       | just a tracker no?
        
         | bluepizza wrote:
         | These communities are insular and lawless, not to mention hours
         | away from any significantly sized town. They know who belongs
         | there and who doesn't.
         | 
         | The spy would have to be internal people who are turned, which
         | is not easy either because these folks are not educated, and
         | would have trouble hiding their new income or acting within the
         | confines of a information providing program.
         | 
         | Not impossible, but unfortunately, our government doesn't have
         | the resources.
         | 
         | Regarding drones, the area is impossibly large. If we had
         | enough cash, live satellite monitoring and deployed army
         | stations for every zone would be the ideal solution.
        
           | wavefunction wrote:
           | "live satellite monitoring" are you talking about launching a
           | geosynchronous spy-satellite as well as the analysis,
           | communications and command structure to make use of the
           | satellite information? Along with stationing thousands of
           | troops deep in the jungle with no existing supporting
           | infrastructure? And that being cheaper than deploying some
           | loitering and FPS suicide drones? You could probably hike out
           | with a "solar birdhouse" of FPS drones, attach it to a tree
           | and deploy an FPS drone as needed while running 24/7 zones of
           | loitering drone surveillance for very cheap.
           | 
           | The real issue would be distinguishing between "illegal and
           | prohibited" and "illegal but allowed" and "not illegal"
           | activities in these communities since they rely so deeply on
           | their environments for everything.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Did you mean "FPV" (first person view) drones?
        
             | bluepizza wrote:
             | It's really a lot of land. Amazon forest is estimated to
             | have an area five times the area of Alaska.
             | 
             | Drones are a drop in the bucket.
             | 
             | My point was exactly about the fact that "cheap" doesn't
             | cut it, unfortunately.
        
         | Rinzler89 wrote:
         | _> It can't be hard to get a labourer on site with a cellphone
         | or even just a tracker no?_
         | 
         | And then do what with it? I live in an EU country where illegal
         | timber exploitation is rife, and there's not much a lone person
         | with a drone can do.
         | 
         | A lot of these areas are relatively remote and the underfunded
         | police and rangers are usually quite far away and slow to show
         | up, even when they're not paid by the timber mafia to look the
         | other way. And by the time authorities do show up, the mobsters
         | have been most likely tipped off and cleared the area.
         | 
         | And if you're an average joe trying to directly interfere
         | you're putting your life in danger since you're standing in the
         | way of a multi million euro industry and there's camera footage
         | of volunteer forest watchers being assaulted by timer mobsters
         | on quad bikes wearing balaklavas.
         | 
         | If this is happening in the EU I can't imagine what it's like
         | in other places.
        
           | mrcartmeneses wrote:
           | You're just not thinking like a Brazilian death squad
        
             | Rinzler89 wrote:
             | No idea what that is. Care to detail?
        
               | wavefunction wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_squad#Brazil You're
               | gonna have to read it for yourself though
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | And you think there's phone signal on the middle of the jungle?
         | Sometimes hundreds of miles from the nearest asphalt road?
         | 
         | Check google maps and see how you'd get to and from here
         | (notice, getting up here would be the "easy" part of the
         | journey - there's even "street view"
         | https://maps.app.goo.gl/2XEL3J3aJWoLEGY58 )
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | Starlink, it's enabled lots of awesome nasty shit.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Unlikely, given that isn't even a partner in Brazil yet
             | 
             | https://www.starlink.com/business/direct-to-cell
        
               | mmaia wrote:
               | Starlink is available in Brazil and dominates the
               | broadband market in Amazonas. Antennas are commonly found
               | with illegal miners. [0]
               | 
               | 0- https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/cv2edkw84zmo
               | (Portuguese)
               | 
               | https://www.starlink.com/map
               | https://www.starlink.com/br/business
               | https://www.starlink.com/br/residential
               | https://www.starlink.com/br/service-plans
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | > Unlikely, given that isn't even a partner in Brazil yet
               | 
               | The article mentions thrice the use of Starlink by the
               | miners:
               | 
               | > Cabral said; they must have been warned that the G.E.F.
               | was coming. He pointed to a white rectangular antenna on
               | a tall pole in the center of the camp and said,
               | "Starlink"--Elon Musk's portable satellite-communications
               | system.
               | 
               | > "Wherever the miners have Starlink, we're at a real
               | disadvantage," Finger told me. "They can warn each other
               | there is a raid going on in the territory, and they can
               | organize their work better."
               | 
               | > The new farm had a Starlink connection, and, as the
               | rains abated, a pilot said that he was sure the farm
               | manager would warn the miners that we were coming.
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | Gold, weapons, heavy ammunition and Starlink antennas have
             | become "the new normal" in seizures by Brazilian security
             | forces in illegal mining areas, according to an Ibama
             | spokesperson, told BBC News Brasil.
        
       | IlikeMadison wrote:
       | The French do the same against illegal gold miners in French
       | Guiana Amazon. They have approximately 1,000 soldiers compared to
       | up to 9,000 illegal prospectors. I can't imagine how a single
       | unit will be capable to curb anything when you look at the size
       | of Brazil's Amazon.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | The larger prospectors will be tied to hard to move assets
         | (cyanide leach pools, crushers, screens) in semi cleared areas
         | near rivers. The unit will have helicopeters and possible
         | access to sat imagery.
         | 
         | The plan would be to gather intel, map, and move through, one
         | group at a time with enough soldiers (50 to 100) to deal with
         | smaller unmiliterised enclaves.
        
         | SEJeff wrote:
         | Wireless sensors, synthetic aperatire radar, aerial
         | surveillance all are things that exist. These things have
         | existed since Vietnam and are significantly better now than
         | they were then. The record for Lorawan sensor mad range was
         | ~1,300 km / 830ish miles. You could partition the rainforest
         | into grids and use these sorts of sensors if you wanted to be
         | excessively thorough. Not easy or cheap, but very doable with
         | today's technology and a bit of customization.
         | 
         | Note: my grandfather invented some of the rf sensor technology
         | designed to be airdropped by the US military over the forests
         | of Vietnam for this exact thing. It worked well for what it was
         | designed for.
        
         | rmbyrro wrote:
         | They should have a lot more troops involved, for sure, but GEF
         | can be very efficient by leveraging surveillance tech.
         | 
         | Brazil deployed SIVAM [1] about 20 years ago. At the time it
         | was a state-of-the-art radar surveillance system. Not sure how
         | they kept up with tech advances, but it still gives a
         | significant edge to the GEF unit.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Surveillance_System
        
         | tnjm wrote:
         | Probably true - but having a great many soldiers in an area
         | where there are an extremely isolated people such as the
         | "uncontacted" Yanomami also poses its own risks. If they're
         | focusing on the most sensitive areas with highly trained
         | personnel and making use of the impressive knowledge and
         | expertise in Brazil's Indian affairs department, FUNAI, much
         | could be achieved. The situation in French Guiana is quite
         | different, with perhaps only small numbers of Wayapi living in
         | isolation.
         | 
         | Brazil is rolling back the free-for-all that was established
         | under Bolsonaro, but if they're handling it delicately, that's
         | likely good news.
        
       | ymgch wrote:
       | It's just for the press. Can't change anything.
        
         | porompompero wrote:
         | Exactly my thoughts, they need an army not a A-Team unit.
        
           | _heimdall wrote:
           | It may not be quite that simple. Moving an army is no small
           | feat, the logistics required is complicated and could be
           | miserable to try to manage in the Amazon.
           | 
           | If they did manage to get a large enough military force in to
           | catch most of the illegal miners, how much damage would be
           | done to the Amazon just by the army getting in there?
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | This defeatist take is getting old. Why don't we abolish all
         | police and laws because we can't change anything?
        
       | bentt wrote:
       | Making this the topic of the next Call of Duty would be a great
       | move for the rainforest and bring a ton of awareness.
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | And also ensure they can continue their journey to having 1TB
         | large game assets, as suddenly hundreds of 3D modellers need to
         | create thousands of new foliage models each.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | >>, as suddenly hundreds of 3D modellers
           | 
           | Creating realistic looking trees is one area that has now
           | been almost entirely automated with tooling - there are some
           | absolutely incredible tools for generating whatever kind of
           | tree you want in any number of permutations. So really this
           | would be more like 2-3 people just in charge of verifying the
           | output and making sure it's stylistically consistent.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | They also didn't spend that much effort last time they had
             | a Brazilian level
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BG6lJ6rz-Rs
        
         | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
         | As someone who went through grade-school in the 90s, with all
         | of our "Save the Rainforest" campaigns, all I can think is: a
         | fat lot of good that "awareness" did...
        
           | schoen wrote:
           | In my grade school we were asked to donate money to buy part
           | of the rainforest in order to stop it from being cut down.
           | 
           | I thought this was a brilliant idea, and it wasn't until the
           | first time I visited Brazil (which is, somehow, 20 years ago
           | now) that I learned that it wasn't really helping at all. In
           | part, it's not that easy to "buy part of the rainforest". But
           | more importantly (as the article describes), small-scale
           | miners and loggers don't usually respect those property
           | claims (or designations of areas as protected parkland).
        
           | catskul2 wrote:
           | But how would we know though right? I mean without having an
           | A/B comparison.
           | 
           | Sure it didn't _stop_ the destruction, but I don 't think
           | that was ever in the cards. But it might have helped by some
           | amount even if small. 1%? 2%? 6%?
           | 
           | If it reduced destruction by 2%, would that have made the
           | campaign worth it?
           | 
           | I think there's a chance it did do some good in that it was
           | in enough awareness to end up somewhere on a foreign policy
           | agenda higher than it might have otherwise been, and thus
           | policies might have been negotiated in trade agreements,
           | treaties, company due diligence source tracing, etc.
        
         | tmpz22 wrote:
         | The last few Call of Duty games has featured Mexico and
         | involves raining fire down on forested environments with an
         | AC-130 gunship. So maybe not the best example of environmental
         | protection.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | The loggers and miners are using star link, the operator of that
       | company you will know where they are.
        
       | blinding-streak wrote:
       | > coordinates
       | 
       | > cooperating
       | 
       | The article has multiple instances of umlauts over the letter o.
       | The first one I saw, figured it was a typo. But several more
       | appeared. Strange, I wonder why?
        
         | aloe_falsa wrote:
         | Not an umlaut, a diaeresis - it shows that the letter has its
         | own sound (unlike the word "coop", for example).
         | 
         | You'd generally use it for proper nouns (like Bronte or Bootes)
         | and rare loanwords - it doesn't seem very useful for common
         | dictionary words, since anyone who can understand the word
         | itself probably knows how to pronounce it.
        
         | PyWoody wrote:
         | Their explanation                 > And yet we use the
         | diaeresis for the same reason that we use the hyphen: to keep
         | the cow out of co-workers[0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-curse-
         | of-...
        
           | DFHippie wrote:
           | When I see "coworkers" I always think "cow-orkers". I don't
           | know what orking is. It should be a thing.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | I suppose to also keep the meow out of the homeowner (ho-
           | meow-ner)
        
             | schoen wrote:
             | This feels ripe for an aphorism like "you can take the cat
             | out of the home, but you can't take the meow out of the
             | homeowner"!
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Sibling comments cover the diaeresis. Its use is extremely
         | inconsistent in English.
         | 
         | I can't say I've ever seen it used for co-ordinate or co-
         | operate. Usually these are typed with the hyphen or nothing.
         | 
         | But, it's more common on some words than others - Noel, aioli,
         | and naive come to mind. None would ever appear with a hyphen
         | (at least in my experience).
         | 
         | And zoological and reelect just look WRONG to me. I don't think
         | you'd ever use a hyphen with zoological, but might (or might
         | not) with re-elect.
        
           | schoen wrote:
           | > Noel, aioli, and naive
           | 
           | All three of those were borrowed from French, which uses the
           | diaeresis, so this is "just" keeping the original French
           | spelling.
           | 
           | > I don't think you'd ever use a hyphen with zoological, but
           | might (or might not) with re-elect.
           | 
           | The hyphen only works with words where the vowels came
           | together as a result of compounding (here, adding a prefix
           | like re- or co- to the beginning of another word that already
           | starts with a vowel).
           | 
           | At least in Noel and naive, the vowels came together because
           | French lost a <t> that was present in Latin between two
           | vowels -- interestingly in both cases here a word related to
           | "birth" (natalis and nativus).
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | 1. Test with a dictionary
         | 
         | 2. This is the New Yorker (pretentious)
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | It's part of The New Yorker's style guide. Their use of it is
         | sensible, it's just incredibly rare and not really necessary in
         | English.
        
           | DFHippie wrote:
           | Actually, given English's crazy spelling, it's pretty useful
           | in English.
           | 
           | There was a restaurant in my town -- the sign is still up but
           | it's closed -- called "Cooper's Coop". For a while after they
           | put their sign up I thought it was a cooperative/cooperative.
           | If there'd been a diaresis I would have known it was the
           | chicken coop sort of coop they had in mind.
        
             | schoen wrote:
             | For non-native English speakers, it's something like
             | 
             | /ku:p/ for chickens
             | 
             | /'koU.ap/ for cooperatives
             | 
             | People sometimes spell the latter "co-op" (as an
             | alternative to the _New Yorker_ 's "coop") to make clear
             | that it's two syllables. There's also a college merchandise
             | shop in Cambridge, MA, called The Coop that seems to
             | encourage people to use the chicken-oriented pronunciation
             | as a joke.
             | 
             | https://www.thecoop.com/our-story
        
             | scoot wrote:
             | > If there'd been a diaresis (sic) I would have known it
             | was the chicken coop sort of coop they had in mind.
             | 
             | Except that there wouldn't have been a diaeresis, because
             | (chicken) coop doesn't have one.
        
               | DFHippie wrote:
               | True.
        
             | nkrisc wrote:
             | Agreed that it is useful. I meant not necessary in the
             | sense that pretty much no English speaker will ever expect
             | it to be used.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | It's a great tool for discussing sales of the eggs from your
         | coop at the coop. But it nearly disappeared once.
         | https://archive.is/3Oz0F
         | 
         | """ We do change our style from time to time. My predecessor
         | (and the former keeper of the comma shaker) told me that she
         | used to pester the style editor, Hobie Weekes, who had been at
         | the magazine since 1928, to get rid of the diaeresis. She found
         | it fussy. She said that once, in the elevator, he told her he
         | was on the verge of changing that style and would be sending
         | out a memo soon. And then he died. This was in 1978. No one has
         | had the nerve to raise the subject since. """
         | 
         | I am grateful it persists.
         | 
         | As someone learning Dutch, it is VERY helpful in words like
         | zeeen - ( zee-en - seas). Much easier to know what it is vs.
         | zeeen. I hope it is similarly helpful for foreigners learning
         | English.
        
       | EL_Loco wrote:
       | Brazilian here. I'm 100% for combating and arresting illegal
       | miners, loggers and farmers, but I also know how big the
       | rainforest is, how long the borders are, and how little personnel
       | there is to do the work. Most people don't have a sense of how
       | vast that region is: the brazilian part of the Amazon rainforest
       | is about half the area of the U.S. Now look up how many soldiers
       | and federal police officers are working there. It's daunting,
       | feels like the drug war, only fifty times worse, because there's
       | no solution anywhere close to something like legalization.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | At least with mining and logging it leaves evidence in aerial
         | imagery, unlike a clandestine lab. Maybe one day the amazon can
         | be automatically patrolled by drones that mark targets for
         | these smaller squads.
        
           | definitelyauser wrote:
           | > patrolled by drones that mark targets for these smaller
           | squads.
           | 
           | Surely it could be scaled better with satellite imagery?
           | Assuming it can be updated "reasonably frequently". I imagine
           | drones would run into maintenance problems, especially in
           | such "remote" regions.
        
           | motoboi wrote:
           | There is a satellite-based surveillance system. What is
           | missing (or was) is will to actually enforce.
        
       | a1o wrote:
       | > Illegal miners in the Amazon are increasingly well equipped,
       | with access to Starlink systems that allow them to coordinate
       | work and warn of raids.
       | 
       | What the hell, can't they be tracked down reversely by asking
       | Starlink itself?
        
         | michelb wrote:
         | Why would Starlink give out that info?
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Requirement for being allowed to operate in the country?
        
             | skrebbel wrote:
             | I remember a Musk quote that countries who want to block
             | Starlink can "wave their fists at the sky"
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | "In May 2022, after shaking hands with then-president Jair
             | Bolsonaro at a luxury resort in the interior of Sao Paulo,
             | the businessman (Elon Musk) said he was "super excited for
             | the launch of Starlink for 19 thousand disconnected schools
             | in rural areas and environmental monitoring of the Amazon.
             | .. The promise never came to fruition, according to the
             | Ministry of Education and state secretariats."
        
       | sremani wrote:
       | I am excited about the future movie "Saving Forest Rain".
        
       | estradanicolas wrote:
       | NGO's come and claim resources on the land to mine what is
       | rightfully Brazil's. Happening for a long time now and Lula has
       | the pipeline open again for anyone to come in and get a piece and
       | loot. Also, author left out how Lula was in jail for corruption
       | before he became pres again.
        
         | alimw wrote:
         | > NGO's come and claim resources on the land to mine what is
         | rightfully Brazil's.
         | 
         | It's grimly amusing how the grabbier half of society literally
         | cannot comprehend that not everyone is as selfishly motivated.
        
         | gverri wrote:
         | "in jail for corruption" Can you please explain to our global
         | audience what crime he committed to be jailed for corruption?!
         | 
         | Can you also explain why the judge who sentenced him
         | manipulated the law to judge a case that was completely out of
         | his jurisdiction? Also, that Lula was the number one candidate
         | in pools before he was jailed? And that this same judge went to
         | become a minister of the candidate he helped elect by getting
         | Lula out of the run?
        
           | blastonico wrote:
           | > Can you please explain to our global audience what crime he
           | committed to be jailed for corruption?!
           | 
           | Corruption.
        
         | lbrito wrote:
         | >Also, author left out how Lula was in jail for corruption
         | before he became pres again.
         | 
         | You left out a few things, like the corrupt judge that
         | sentenced Lula during an election where he was the absolute
         | favourite, and months later was made minister by the genocidal
         | president he helped elect.
         | 
         | Thankfully a modicum of sanity is being restored and the
         | corrupt judge is now being investigated.
        
         | motoboi wrote:
         | Nice to see that believing in fake news are not an intelligence
         | related tract.
        
       | charles_f wrote:
       | It seems like the largest cause of deforestation of the
       | rainforest is farming(1). Prevention of illegal destruction is
       | probably a good idea, but if this is to replace it by its legal
       | counterpart...
       | 
       | 1:
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_...
        
         | cute_boi wrote:
         | And many of them are for animal feed.....
        
           | CWIZO wrote:
           | The vast vast vast majority is for animal farming. It's
           | staggeringly inefficient.
        
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