[HN Gopher] Avoid blundering: 80% of a winning strategy
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Avoid blundering: 80% of a winning strategy
        
       Author : duck
       Score  : 402 points
       Date   : 2024-04-02 06:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (longform.asmartbear.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (longform.asmartbear.com)
        
       | hasty_pudding wrote:
       | The problem is you don't know if it's a blunder until after.
        
         | titusjohnson wrote:
         | Blunders are things you _could_ or _should_ have avoided, had
         | you only taken a moment to pause and think.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | By "blunders", the author includes both those which can be
           | prevented (see section "Preventable blunders") and those
           | which can't. This is one of the reasons this article is
           | silly.
           | 
           | Next in the series is, "Avoid accidents: 80% of being a good
           | driver."
        
             | 317070 wrote:
             | To be fair, you could stop calling them accidents.
             | "Avoiding collisions" does sound like it will get you to
             | 80% of being a good driver.
             | 
             | Like the author, I also play chess, and I could have
             | written the same advice. Maybe the charitable take here is
             | "Don't worry about long term plans so much, at least until
             | you manage to stop making trivial mistakes, evaluated
             | looking retro-actively at decisions you made."
        
             | marginalia_nu wrote:
             | Driving accidents are largely avoidable though.
             | 
             | If you avoid the wheel while tired or with alcohol in your
             | system, you'll slash a big part of the risk. Avoid
             | conversations in the car, on the phone or with your
             | passenger(s), that's even more risk reduced. Keep your
             | tires in good shape, your windshield clean, that's even
             | better. Finally, if if you practice defensive driving,
             | situational awareness, more still accidents can be avoided.
             | 
             | Nothing will of course mitigate _all_ accidents, but there
             | are definitely things that make you more or less accident
             | prone in traffic.
        
           | iopq wrote:
           | That's not applicable to chess. Some blunders are deep and
           | neither player sees mate in 10.
           | 
           | The computer immediately sees mate in 10 and calls the last
           | move a blunder. The opponent misses the mate in 10 and moves
           | elsewhere, the computer puts it as a blunder.
           | 
           | Both players blundered without even seeing a clear win, and
           | it would take them an hour of analysis to see the exact
           | sequence and prove there's no way to escape it even though
           | there are a hundred variations
        
           | rapsey wrote:
           | So success is more likely by not being an idiot. Not exactly
           | helpful advice.
        
       | rightbyte wrote:
       | This effect is why I am like 10 times as effective working 1/10
       | as much as in my younger years in my career.
       | 
       | You can only afford to work fast when not in a hurry.
       | 
       | If I also take credit for work I've not done I am probably a
       | 1000x dev. Multi year projects shut down in under a hour before
       | they became any trouble.
        
         | none_to_remain wrote:
         | Creating code is the lowest level of programming.
         | 
         | Deleting code is much more refined.
         | 
         | Preventing code is sublime.
        
           | Jensson wrote:
           | This leads to analysis paralysis. Building things helps you
           | think clearer.
        
             | otterley wrote:
             | I've learned at Amazon that writing about what you want to
             | build, and why, and why not do something else - in a way
             | that others can clearly comprehend, and before ever
             | touching a line of code - helps you think even more
             | clearly.
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | It really doesn't, unless you've already implemented a
               | variation of the thing before.
               | 
               | There is a time for reflection and planning/thinking
               | about a given software problem, but you're mostly wasting
               | time doing so in-depth before you've done/looked through
               | a rudimentary implementation.
               | 
               | Your planned architecture will be worse then the one from
               | the person that interated several times while
               | introspecting the resulting code, discovering
               | misconceptions on the way.
               | 
               | Do note that this initial implementation is only there to
               | learn the domain of the software, basically.
               | 
               | The phase can be skipped if you're not really changing
               | anything and mostly just reimplement something you've
               | done before. At that point, you're not doing something
               | new however.
        
               | lioeters wrote:
               | > initial implementation is only there to learn the
               | domain
               | 
               | I've been trying to do a kind of documentation-driven
               | development, where I write a fairly detailed README file
               | before I write a single line of code. It hasn't gone as
               | smoothly as I imagined, I think it takes practice to get
               | more effective - similar to test-driven dev. And it made
               | me realize my usual approach is "to think by coding", and
               | to explore the problem space with a rough draft of a
               | program.
               | 
               | It must be a common approach, as I've heard people say
               | "Throw away the first draft." Not only in programming but
               | about writing in general. Ah, there's even a term for it:
               | 
               | Throwaway prototyping - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sof
               | tware_prototyping#Throwaway...
        
               | exceptione wrote:
               | I am interested, is there some public material about this
               | method?
        
               | marklar423 wrote:
               | It's basically just writing a design document; Google has
               | a similar culture.
               | 
               | I suppose if you're not actually showing it to anybody it
               | becomes rubber ducking via design document.
        
               | office_drone wrote:
               | Commoncog has some blog posts about the process:
               | 
               | https://commoncog.com/putting-amazons-pr-faq-to-practice/
               | 
               | https://commoncog.com/product-development-iterated-taste/
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | While I disagree with this approach in general - manually
               | executing a task and following the data flow is the best
               | way to understand a new system - I will say that with the
               | rise of LLMs, writing documentation, stubs and comments
               | first may be the fastest way to bootstrap a new project.
        
               | taneq wrote:
               | Maybe it does for some people but based on all of the
               | functional specifications I've implemented over the
               | years, they are by far the exception. Maybe designing and
               | documenting first is OK if it's done by people who've
               | already learned how systems work by building and
               | maintaining a lot of them, though.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The documents used in Amazon at that lifecycle stage
               | aren't functional specifications. The point is to justify
               | launching a few project to management. You should be able
               | to clearly explain why it's worth expending resources.
        
             | Buttons840 wrote:
             | You don't have to save everything you build. Many times
             | I've implemented a feature and felt unsatisfied with it,
             | reverted, and built the same thing again.
        
             | high_5 wrote:
             | Not necessarily. You might end up just building things on
             | top of things spiral which reduces the ability to think
             | clearly.
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | You can build a ton of things and not put them in
             | production (to then pay the price of what you built).
             | Practice makes perfect then.
        
             | adql wrote:
             | Designing does. Building and using it is for confirming or
             | revoking any prior assumptions you had about the initial
             | design to improve it.
             | 
             | Most of the thinking should be put into designing and then
             | revising the design, the "building" should be the simplest
             | part.
        
           | appplication wrote:
           | Love this, I'm going to steal it
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Is this true?
           | 
           | I find creating, then deleting to be more grounding. Explore
           | a couple paths and pick the good one, don't just stay home.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | Some ideas don't have a good path - they are just going to
             | suck time and energy until cancelled. Like, the last one
             | I'm thinking of: way out of our core product, there are
             | others out there that are pretty good already, it got
             | proposed as a "quick win" which was absolutely delusional,
             | and the winning argument for why we went ahead and built it
             | was that version 2 would do all the extra work that did tie
             | it back to our product and made it worth doing.
             | 
             | Sadly, I failed at preventing it, so the team spent more
             | than twice as long as (they) predicted to build something
             | half as functional and surprise, no v2 will happen.
        
         | worddepress wrote:
         | But I am paid by the hour. I make more money if we do the multi
         | year project :-). That big fancy project needs someone to lead
         | it, eh :-). Now I am up a level on the old CV.
        
       | nocoiner wrote:
       | Based on the last thing I read from this guy, I'm surprised he
       | didn't include having a spouse, kids or friends on his list of
       | avoidable blunders.
        
         | ycombinatrix wrote:
         | link please
        
           | chplushsieh wrote:
           | Not GP, but perhaps this is the post:
           | https://longform.asmartbear.com/two-big-things/
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | That doesn't say they're avoidable blunders. It says that
             | they cost time and energy, and therefore preclude other
             | opportunities.
             | 
             | But is having a good marriage a blunder compared to having
             | a great career? I don't think he's saying that.
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | This is such a simplistic, winner-take-all viewpoint.
             | Example: having an awesome marriage can open a bunch of
             | doors and afford you the time, energy & space to DO a lot
             | more things. Same with a family & friends. It must be sad
             | to go through life viewing every course of action as work
             | that eats limited capacity.
        
       | throwup238 wrote:
       | Stop that blundering! https://youtube.com/watch?v=QoSN7oalIec
        
       | djtriptych wrote:
       | Thought of chess immediately after seeing the title.
       | 
       | I really do recommend everyone play. There are innumerable
       | insights like this that arise (though this may be true of any
       | sufficiently complex game).
        
       | intalentive wrote:
       | A tattered sign hanging over Chesterton's fence: this way lie
       | blunders.
        
       | ikekkdcjkfke wrote:
       | So it's not "ok to fail" this week?
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | It is ok for others to fail, don't put pressure on them. It
         | isn't ok for you yourself to fail, put pressure on yourself, at
         | least if you want to outdo others.
        
         | StefanBatory wrote:
         | Failure was never alright despite what people claim.
        
           | anon012012 wrote:
           | They say "you need to fail to succeed". The key thing is that
           | it is not enough to fail, you also have to _reflect_ on why
           | you failed, and this is _the reflection_ which has you
           | progress.
           | 
           | It is not the failure itself which is progress, it is the act
           | of failing, then feeling BAD, and then _thinking_ about how
           | not to feel BAD anymore. Failure without feedback is
           | pointless failure. (This is the same idea than deliberate
           | practice.)
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | I think that's "fail" in a way that's different from "blunder".
         | 
         | Let's say I'm a programmer. I try an approach. It doesn't work.
         | I realize it doesn't work and back out my changes. That's a
         | failure.
         | 
         | Let's say instead I try an approach. It' doesn't work. I keep
         | trying to force it to work, distorting the overall architecture
         | and still leaving an unreliable, unmaintainable mess. _That 's_
         | a blunder.
        
       | kevin_nisbet wrote:
       | Also luck is probably a much larger factor than most people
       | realize. It's not just bad luck leading to failure, but luck
       | leading to customers/revenue.
       | 
       | As an example, if no one is competing with you, it doesn't matter
       | too much how good you are.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | _if no one is competing with you, it doesn 't matter too much
         | how good you are._
         | 
         | Temporarily. Once people see you're doing well with no
         | competition the competition will spring forth, no matter how
         | good you are. If you're also doing things badly those
         | competitors will eat your lunch.
         | 
         | That isn't a reason not to launch when your product is very
         | basic and scrappy. You don't need to make it good, and
         | definitely not perfect. You just need to go fast.
        
           | iopq wrote:
           | Unless your first mover advantage lets you just stay there
           | for decades. See: PayPal
           | 
           | they have only now been dethroned as the default credit card
           | processor despite being awful to work with when I tried to
           | integrate their API circa 2010
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | If first mover advantage in internet payment processing was
             | important, CyberCash would still be around. I'm pretty sure
             | there was another internet payment processor around before
             | PayPal too.
             | 
             | Setup was harder, and the integration wasn't the same, but
             | it was before PCI, so integrating with CyberCash meant you
             | could own the whole payment flow, and have a better
             | experience than PayPal, where you send the user off, and
             | when they come back, PayPal may not have confirmed payment
             | yet.
        
               | iopq wrote:
               | Yes, but PayPal was growing off the back of eBay,
               | CyberCash never became entrenched to get the first
               | mover's advantage
               | 
               | > The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on March
               | 11, 2001. VeriSign acquired the Cybercash assets (except
               | for ICVerify) and name a couple of months later. On
               | November 21, 2005 PayPal (already an eBay company)
               | acquired VeriSign's payment services, including
               | Cybercash.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberCash
               | 
               | so in a way, PayPal ate a lot of the other payment
               | processors
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | It's possible to make no blunders and still lose. That is not a
         | weakness, that's life.
        
       | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
       | The general message reminds me of both
       | 
       | "95th percentile isn't that hard to reach"
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22265197 /
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38560345)
       | 
       | and "How to Be Great? Just Be Good, Repeatably"
       | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38686997)
        
       | kevmo314 wrote:
       | > To win at chess, blunder less.
       | 
       | How to win: don't lose.
       | 
       | C'mon it's not like people actively choose to make mistakes.
        
         | pkulak wrote:
         | Sure, but you can choose your play style. I find I'm way more
         | likely to win a chess game if I play a few moves of a really
         | safe, boring opening, and then just focus on keeping everything
         | protected and never extend myself too much until the opponent
         | hangs their queen (I'm about 400, so that's actually very
         | likely).
         | 
         | If I get creative and come out all aggressive, I hang my queen.
         | But the former is boring as hell, which is why I don't play
         | chess.
        
           | iopq wrote:
           | That's you, when I play aggressive chess the OTHER side makes
           | blunders. It will show up as "the other player made a mistake
           | so you won" and as an unforced error
           | 
           | of course it's unforced, if we all played perfectly there
           | would be no game to play, but the aggression is what showed
           | their bad tactical play
        
       | philbo wrote:
       | It seems to me that the main difference between chess and
       | startups is that in chess you only have one opponent. The more
       | opponents you have, the more likelihood that not blundering on
       | its own is not sufficient.
        
         | passion__desire wrote:
         | I read a blogpost long time ago which said he made more money
         | on working on startups which he sold during the bubble economy
         | rather than bust. All boats rise during high tide. It is better
         | to sell your boat during high tides.
        
         | ilaksh wrote:
         | I think that there are at least 10 main differences between
         | chess (or other sports) and startups.
         | 
         | It's a very weak analogy.
         | 
         | He does have a few good points though if you disregard that.
        
       | iopq wrote:
       | Avoid blundering?
       | 
       | To do that, you need to learn opening strategy, endgame strategy,
       | tactics, etc.
       | 
       | This isn't helpful
        
         | voiper1 wrote:
         | In amatuer tennis, he would say that indeed you need to learn
         | how to play. But you just play and return the ball. You don't
         | need anything fancy to make you win. You just keep playing
         | until your opponent makes a mistake.
        
           | iopq wrote:
           | Just hit the ball back, simple as
        
       | bjackman wrote:
       | I think this is very true, I've found the same thing in e.g:
       | 
       | - Simracing: getting faster doesn't make you win races. Getting
       | more consistent does.
       | 
       | - Squash: getting stronger and faster doesn't make you win games,
       | getting less exhausted does, because you make less mistakes.
       | 
       | These are surely not true when you're at a high level, but for
       | most people it's the right focus.
       | 
       | The corresponding insight for building software is this:
       | "Brilliant" ideas for your engineering are probably not the right
       | place to invest energy. Instead you are likely to create more
       | success by ensuring you have excellent testing, qualification,
       | user feedback, monitoring, rollouts, stuff like that.
       | 
       | This also just comes back to investment+return again. If _you_
       | think you gave great ideas then that's fine. But if you can keep
       | your race/game/project/startup alive and stable then you start to
       | unlock extra "passive income" from your teammates having good
       | ideas (and the latitude to execute them) and your competitors
       | fumbling their opportunities.
       | 
       | So take your ego out of the equation and do the humble stuff
       | first. Don't reward your "rockstar programmers", reward the
       | person who set up the dashboards and the e2e tests and threw up
       | together that spreadsheet of 'most common user complaints'.
        
         | chillfox wrote:
         | "These are surely not true when you're at a high level"
         | 
         | I don't know what you mean by high level, but I suspect that
         | avoiding mistakes continues to be very important regardless of
         | level in most things.
         | 
         | I play Marvel Snap in the top 1000 and at that level most of
         | the games comes down to whoever makes a mistake first loses.
        
           | voiper1 wrote:
           | >This observation applies only to amateur tennis. In
           | professional tennis it's just the opposite: 80% of the
           | rallies are won rather than lost, as unforced errors are
           | infrequent. This is true in chess as well, as high-level
           | players don't blunder, and thus it really is that litany of
           | other skills that results in high standings.
           | 
           | I think this means at a high level, you're already not
           | blundering. So you need to actually do something MORE in
           | order to win. You need to force your oponent to lose, and not
           | just play "OK" and wait for them to make a mistake.
        
             | AdamN wrote:
             | Although pros do still make clear errors and even misses
             | that may not be classed as an error (but are at the
             | professional level) might outweigh the brilliant shots when
             | it comes to the win. I suspect this is why some games are
             | 'best of'. The real aficionados sense a low error rate and
             | then it's more purely about the big, brilliant plays - and
             | that's not a common event.
        
           | harry8 wrote:
           | French Open tennis. Seems like the winners, (eg Rafa Nadal
           | who has one of the greatest sporting records in any sport,
           | anywhere there), consistently hit ground strokes from the
           | baseline, back over the net and deep enough in play. From
           | that point the opponent self-destructs.
           | 
           | Ok differs from wimbeldon where guys play Hamlet while
           | playing in the final (Kyrios, Becker, McEnroe, etc. etc.) and
           | can win doing it with outrageous aggression and magic
           | winners, but the French Open is certainly "High Level" Rafa
           | at the French? How many matches was his longest winning
           | streak? 36 matches, 5 titles in 6 years? Unfathomable
           | sustained excellence.
        
             | seabass-labrax wrote:
             | I don't follow tennis closely enough to understand the
             | difference. What makes the eventual winners at Wimbledon
             | play more aggressively than at the French Open? Is it due
             | to the environment (clay or grass perhaps) or some sort of
             | cultural thing?
        
               | I_ wrote:
               | Grass is faster, meaning for any given shot over the net
               | you have less time to respond. This encourages attacking
               | behaviour.
               | 
               | Clay is slower, meaning even off fast, angled, difficult-
               | to-reach shots the ball bounces higher and slower,
               | meaning you have time to get to it, thus prolonging
               | rallies and points.
               | 
               | But beyond that, it's not just that players choose to
               | play more aggressive on grass - a given shot _is_ more
               | aggressive on grass.
               | 
               | This is why the serve is more powerful on grass - you
               | open the point with a powerful shot, and on grass that's
               | harder to return.
               | 
               | See rally length differences here:
               | https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1246341537753006082
        
               | seabass-labrax wrote:
               | Fascinating! Thanks for the explanation.
        
           | weinzierl wrote:
           | I'd go even farther than that and suspect that in many areas
           | avoiding blunders gets more important climbing to higher
           | levels.
           | 
           | Just the other day I explained this to my daughter:
           | 
           | In our school system a 1 is the best grade a 6 the worst.
           | 
           | Maintaining a 2.0 average is kind of easy. When you blunder
           | and get a 3, all you have to so is getting a 1 eventually to
           | compensate.
           | 
           | Maintaining a 1.0 average is much, much harder, because you
           | have to write 1s consistently without any exception and no
           | way to fix a blunder(*).
           | 
           | In many systems there is a hard ceiling of what you can
           | achieve. When your performance is measured as an average,
           | this makes the system more unforgiving for blunders the
           | closer you are to the ceiling.
           | 
           |  _(*) Technically, in our school system this is not entirely
           | correct, because I think you could theoretically get 0.7s.
           | The overall point still stands, because there is a hard and
           | positive limit._
        
           | djtango wrote:
           | Watch any top tennis game and unforced errors and %age first
           | serves often tells the story of the match
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | > These are surely not true when you're at a high level, but
         | for most people it's the right focus.
         | 
         | It is trivially true at all levels - anything that leads you to
         | lose a game can be construed as a mistake, so if you make no
         | mistakes and you lose then the game has been solved (which
         | Chess has not been) or was unwinnable. The mistakes just get
         | smaller and fewer and fewer people can recognise them.
        
         | SenHeng wrote:
         | A good example would be Elizabeth Swaney[0] who somehow found
         | her way into the 2018 Winter Olympics simply by showing up at
         | qualifying.
         | 
         |  _In order to qualify for the Olympics, athletes needed to
         | place in the top 30 at either a FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
         | event or FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and score a
         | minimum of 50.00 FIS points.[9] Swaney achieved this by
         | attending competitions with fewer than thirty participants,[6]
         | with one event in China having fifteen (in which she placed
         | thirteenth). Thirteen of her top 30 finishes were a result of
         | her showing up, not falling, and recording a score_
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Swaney
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | This has been my analysis of high level competition as a
           | whole. It isn't about who is the best, as in peak
           | performance. It is about consistently making the least amount
           | of mistakes.
           | 
           | You can break records, or you can out de-mistake the
           | competition.
        
             | petsfed wrote:
             | I disagree categorically with this.
             | 
             | In baseball, the team that commits the most unforced errors
             | tends to lose the game, but the team that scores the most
             | runs _always_ wins.
             | 
             | Usain Bolt doesn't have 8 gold medals and 3 world records
             | because he has perfect form (I just learned that he has
             | scoliosis, leading to "imperfect" form, whether that made
             | him faster or slower than he would otherwise be is
             | apparently a subject of some debate), but because he's
             | _fast_. It is frequently the case that the best at
             | something _defines_ "perfect" form. And anyway, Bolt
             | doesn't run marathons, because he cannot sustain _that_
             | kind of performance for 2 hours.
             | 
             | I hear what you're saying, I can't count the number of
             | times I've seen truly bonkers tricks in freestyle skiing
             | and snowboard competitions, from people who screwed up
             | their 2nd or 3rd run, or couldn't stitch together a
             | coherent run around that one trick, and so came in near the
             | middle of the rankings. But the winners were not
             | significantly less impressive, just blunder-free. A lot of
             | time, the winners were the peak performers moment-to-moment
             | but sustained that performance for much longer.
        
             | spennant wrote:
             | In other words... being Iceman is better than being
             | Maverick.
        
         | sotix wrote:
         | > Simracing: getting faster doesn't make you win races. Getting
         | more consistent does.
         | 
         | I think this is absolutely true at the lower levels, but once
         | you hit a baseline of consistency, the faster drivers do win
         | races by simply being faster. It can be maddening them trying
         | to recreate their line but still being an entire second per lap
         | slower. But when racing closer to the beginner level, simply
         | being able to complete every lap at a consistent pace does
         | indeed put you at a massive advantage over others.
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | In the context of startups, everyone's at beginner level.
           | 
           | For auto racing (whether sim or real), the #1 rule has always
           | been "To finish first, first you must finish", which, as I
           | see it, is a direct "make no blunders before worrying about a
           | podium finish".
        
             | lgas wrote:
             | > In the context of startups, everyone's at beginner level.
             | 
             | Why would this be true? There are plenty of startup
             | veterans that have been doing it for years.
        
           | adql wrote:
           | Yeah but getting consistent is the bar you need to get to
           | first before you can even be considered decent.
           | 
           | Being 1s faster than everyone best lap but having ~2s lap-to-
           | lap inconsistency will make you lose every time.
        
           | dgunay wrote:
           | A similar dynamic bears out in a lot of games. For example,
           | in most RTS games, you win at lower levels by simply out-
           | macroing your opponent. Only when you are on equal footing
           | later do tactics and strategy become important, despite those
           | ostensibly being the core focus of the genre.
        
         | blastro wrote:
         | In golf, reducing bogies helps more than increasing birdies, so
         | same idea there
        
       | sakras wrote:
       | A famous Super Smash Bros player, when asked for advice, would
       | always respond with "Don't get hit". Seems this principle of not
       | blundering has wide-reaching applications!
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | That is surprisingly true: knowing nothing about Smash, I
         | sometimes get roped into playing it at parties. I've managed to
         | do respectably well, knowing nothing about special powers or
         | any of the controls beyond navigating and jumping, simply by
         | dodging like crazy and not getting hit.
         | 
         | I don't even bother attacking. It annoys everyone.
        
         | dinkleberg wrote:
         | I've been discovering this is also very true for Elden Ring.
         | Most of my deaths in the game are from being greedy and wanting
         | to get in one more hit, but winning tough fights is almost all
         | about avoiding getting hit.
         | 
         | And I agree, I think the idea of avoiding losing is better than
         | "trying to win" in many cases. Like with health and fitness, it
         | would be very hard to identify what the right action to "win"
         | would be (what does win even mean?). But it is much easier to
         | do the things that keep you from losing. Don't eat poorly,
         | don't be inactive all the time, and so on. The avoidance
         | approach won't have you reaching the Olympic level, but you'll
         | be doing a lot better than most.
        
       | spxneo wrote:
       | this is the greatest article i ever read on HN in the past 12
       | years i been coming here
        
       | irjustin wrote:
       | "Product Market Fit" that's it - #4 in the article.
       | 
       | Few startups fail due to #1-3 after achieving #4. So many
       | startups blame #1-3 because they couldn't find #4. If you don't
       | have PMF, you're burning cash, pivoting, arguing (founder
       | disputes) to figure out your way there. All #1-3.
       | 
       | PMF is incredibly hard and don't let anyone fool you.
        
         | rrr_oh_man wrote:
         | "If you're asking yourself 'Do I have PMF?' then you don't have
         | it"
        
         | asah wrote:
         | Sorry but no: I've seen lots of great companies die from #1-3
         | and competitors copy the PMF product and win.
         | 
         | One of my saddest investments was an amazing company gummed up
         | in co-founder squabbles too far gone to recover, even while the
         | product was growing like weeds. Company died in lawsuits and
         | walkaways. Another was pre-PMF and ran into this, I learned
         | from the previous experience and jumped in and helped them keep
         | the band together. They found PMF the next year and off to the
         | moon ($1M ARR, 100% QoQ growth, 36 months that, <6 months to
         | truly profitable).
         | 
         | I have lots of examples of all 3 and more. It's all 100x easier
         | than PMF but if you don't do FIRST then you don't get to work
         | on PMF.
        
       | ZephyrBlu wrote:
       | A better way to read this is "80% of a not losing strategy". The
       | author agrees with this but buries the lede at the very end of
       | the piece:
       | 
       |  _" Is this a fail-safe path? Of course not. Even in chess. The
       | rest of the game does matter."_
       | 
       | I also think his framing is somewhat misleading, since the
       | default mindset (Despite his hedging) is that you will win (Or
       | have higher chances) if you don't blunder.
       | 
       | The problem is that winning in startups is often a tail event,
       | which means reducing blunders doesn't have much impact on the
       | overall probability. Is reducing blunders the highest order bit?
       | 
       |  _" An entrepreneur may look at a successful diner and think that
       | customers are there because of the hip decor on the walls. She
       | sets up a competing diner across the street with better decor
       | only to find that it can't pull any customers away. The highest-
       | order bit isn't the decor. It's actually the cheap but high-
       | quality coffee that customers care most about. Without getting
       | the coffee right, no amount of aesthetics will beat the
       | competition._"
       | 
       | https://commoncog.com/highest-order-bit/
       | 
       | The only time this is a winning strategy is if survival has
       | compounding effects. For startups, they tend to be default dead.
       | 
       | This memo by Howard Marks explores the case when survival is
       | actually a winning strategy:
       | 
       |  _" If we avoid the losers, the winners will take care of
       | themselves"_
       | 
       | https://www.oaktreecapital.com/insights/memo/fewer-losers-or...
       | 
       | Reducing blunders is obviously good in any situation, but is it
       | the dealbreaker for startups? It always depends on the context.
        
         | salamo wrote:
         | > The problem is that winning in startups is often a tail
         | event, which means reducing blunders doesn't have much impact
         | on the overall probability.
         | 
         | Maybe you could compare it to playing chess against a much
         | higher rated player. In that sense, minimizing your weaknesses
         | is still useful. And looking at the "blunders" the author lists
         | we can definitely say that making these errors is worse than
         | not making them.
         | 
         | One place where this analogy breaks down is that chess is a
         | zero-sum perfect information game. Business is neither zero-sum
         | (competition can encourage innovation and better products) nor
         | perfect information. In chess, we can calculate for each of the
         | candidate moves and have theoretically perfect knowledge of the
         | future state of the board. In business and many other
         | situations, this kind of thing isn't possible. The upshot is
         | that several of the "blunders" the author lists may only turn
         | out to be blunders after the fact.
        
           | ZephyrBlu wrote:
           | Yes I know it's useful. The last line of my comment said
           | that: _" Reducing blunders is obviously good in any
           | situation, but is it the dealbreaker for startups? It always
           | depends on the context"_.
           | 
           | "is it useful?" usually isn't a very interesting question,
           | because a lot of things are obviously useful and yet don't
           | have much of an impact on results.
        
           | smatija wrote:
           | When playing against much better player there are two
           | possible strategies in practice:
           | 
           | 1. try to simpifly position as much as possible and hope for
           | a draw (and inevitably lose the endgame due to playing too
           | passively);
           | 
           | 2. complicate position so much that neither you nor your
           | opponent can calculate or understand it, then hope that your
           | opponent will mess up before you will.
           | 
           | Take from that what you will.
        
         | darkerside wrote:
         | Have to agree with this sentiment, and I'm surprised it's not
         | getting more traction. If startups are like chess, they are
         | like very low level chess because the game was just invented.
         | Nobody knows what a blunder is yet, many will go undetected,
         | and worrying about playing perfect chess will probably outrun
         | your runway.
        
         | smartbear wrote:
         | As the author of the article, I really like your counter-point
         | here.
         | 
         | Because I do agree -- in all startups most "stuff" is being
         | executed poorly (if at all), with issues everywhere, and yet
         | when you get the right 1-2 things _really_ right, that can
         | overwhelm all those problems.
         | 
         | So, perhaps the charitable view is that this piece is a fun way
         | of getting at the usual ideas of things which derisk a startup
         | -- e.g. talking to customers rather than coding in a hole --
         | and indeed many of these things will surely be a net-positive.
         | 
         | And yet, the "80% of winning" might indeed be correct for
         | amateur chess and amateur tennis, yet it's not "80%" for
         | startups, and that bit is rhetorical.
        
       | koonsolo wrote:
       | Once he started talking about chess, I knew it was going to be a
       | limited view on things.
       | 
       | There are 2 kinds of games: those that punish mistakes very
       | badly, and those that reward exploited opportunities very richly.
       | 
       | I was never good at games like chess because of this exact same
       | reason: I don't cover all my bases and lose from a stupid
       | oversight. However, I'm pretty good at poker, because I know how
       | to exploit an opportunity when it arrives.
       | 
       | So in the end, you have to know which game you are currently
       | playing. Some things require "the devil is in the details", and
       | other things you can just fix problems when they arrive (because
       | those problems won't kill your overall progress)
       | 
       | I would argue that startups are more playing the 'exploit
       | opportunities' game and not the 'cover all your bases' game.
       | 
       | For example, a startup shouldn't cover all legal aspects or
       | risks. In the end, when you are generating enough revenue, you
       | can deal with earlier legal mistakes. There are plenty of
       | examples.
       | 
       | When your startup is not exploiting opportunities, no "cover all
       | legal aspects" is going to save it.
        
         | blowski wrote:
         | I don't understand your distinction between types of games. In
         | Chess, your stupid mistake creates an opportunity your opponent
         | can exploit. The failure to exploit an opportunity is itself a
         | mistake.
         | 
         | I guess in Poker there is an element of luck of the deal - is
         | that the kind of opportunity you're talking about?
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | In Poker it isn't so much about how many hands you win or
           | lose, it's about creating big pots when you have good hands
           | and small pots otherwise. That's how good poker players can
           | profitably play bad cards (that are statistically unlikely to
           | make good hands).
           | 
           | In chess the table stakes are always the same. One point for
           | a win, half a point for a draw. To win consistently at chess
           | you have to play the openings carefully, play the mid game
           | strategically, and grind out all the end games. Sloppy
           | players who occasionally make brilliant moves don't get
           | anywhere in chess, because a brilliant sequence of moves will
           | only earn you a single point while small mistakes will still
           | result in full point losses.
           | 
           | In cash game poker you can play sloppy but when you see the
           | opportunity win a huge pot that makes up for all the mistakes
           | and then some.
           | 
           | Tournament poker is a bit more like chess. Successful
           | tournament poker players win by grinding out small victories
           | over the course of many hours.
        
             | blowski wrote:
             | So it's thinking about the opportunity at the level of
             | tournament and ladder, rather than individual games.
        
           | koonsolo wrote:
           | The distinction is how much a mistake gets punished. In
           | chess, a tiny oversight might lose you the game ("Oops I
           | didn't saw you could take my queen").
           | 
           | In poker, a huge mistake like "whoops I dropped my cards
           | accidently open on the table" is "let's not bet this round"
           | as if nothing happened.
           | 
           | Let me give you some real life examples so you can spot the
           | difference.
           | 
           | Security always falls into the "don't make any mistakes"
           | category. A small oversight might jeopardise your entire
           | system. Some back door was open and nobody realised it.
           | Whoops!
           | 
           | In startups, like I mentioned, when you solve a critical
           | problem for customers, your UX can be terrible, your
           | production can be inefficient, your product can be full of
           | bugs. If your product solves a critical problem, it's still a
           | big win for your customer, even though all the rest is
           | terrible. This is exploiting an opportunity.
           | 
           | In sports, take basketball for example, the game is much more
           | forgiving with mistakes compared to something like
           | gymnastics. In basketball, a missed shot or a turnover isn't
           | the end of the world; you have multiple opportunities to
           | recover and score points throughout the game. However, in
           | gymnastics, a slight misstep or a fall during a routine can
           | severely impact your overall score, leaving little room for
           | recovery.
           | 
           | You could also look at investments for example. In stock
           | trading, especially day trading, a single mistake can lead to
           | significant financial loss, especially if leverage is
           | involved. It's a game where covering all bases and being
           | cautious of every move is critical. On the other hand,
           | venture capital operates more on the principle of exploiting
           | opportunities. Venture capitalists invest in several startups
           | knowing well that most will fail, but a single successful
           | investment can cover for all losses and bring substantial
           | profits.
           | 
           | In the end, knowing which game you're playing is essential. I
           | see plenty of people trying to cover all bases when in
           | reality it's the opportunity that really matters. If your
           | personality is one more than the other, you can take a
           | profession that leans into your strength.
        
         | pratclot wrote:
         | I really like this comment, chess sucks.
        
       | janalsncm wrote:
       | > the player who committed more blunders lost 86% of the time
       | 
       | In some sense this is almost tautological. While finding an exact
       | definition for a chess blunder isn't straightforward, here is one
       | example from the Lichess UI:
       | 
       | https://github.com/lichess-org/lila/blob/b527746b179cdde6438...
       | 
       | Basically, if you make a move which decreases your winning
       | probability more than 14% over the best move, that's a blunder.
       | But winning probability is a nonlinear function of stockfish
       | centipawns. A drop in 100 centipawns when you're up 15 points
       | isn't a blunder. When the game was equal, it is.
       | 
       | Point is, by the time you know it's a blunder you already know
       | something about the outcome of that move, that it swung the
       | winning probability by more than 14%. So the analysis is kind of
       | just measuring some function of winning probability and saying
       | that it is highly correlated with winning probability.
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | Also, getting better changes what a blunder is. When I began,
         | hanging my queen was a blunder. Then allowing a discovered
         | check was a blunder. Then allowing the threat of a future
         | discovered check affect my move is a blunder etc.
        
         | smatija wrote:
         | These evaluation-centric definitions of blunder are a bit
         | awkward though.
         | 
         | Traditionally blunders were defined in more player-centric way:
         | player blundered, when he made a mistake obvious enough, that a
         | player of his strength is very unlikely to make. So what is a
         | blunder for a strong player may merely be a mistake for a
         | weaker player.
         | 
         | Problem with evaluation-centric definition is that not all
         | moves that worsen position by 14% are equally obvious - if you
         | hang a queen in one that is certainly a blunder, if you miss a
         | non-trivial sacrificial combination on the other hand...
        
           | salamo wrote:
           | Chess.com is also definitely using an evaluation-centric
           | definition to label moves as blunders. The issue is that this
           | definition is also some function of the change in winning
           | probability.
           | 
           | > So what is a blunder for a strong player may merely be a
           | mistake for a weaker player.
           | 
           | Statistically this intuition appears to be correct. Your
           | winning probability is still more than 25% when down a queen
           | against an 800 rated player, but under 10% if playing a 2200:
           | https://web.chessdigits.com/articles/when-should-you-
           | resign#...
           | 
           | So it would make sense for the definition to take into
           | account the opponent's Elo rating.
        
             | smatija wrote:
             | I agree - all attempts at automatic classification of
             | blunder have same problem. This is why analysing games
             | without engine still matters and is going to matter for
             | foreseable future.
             | 
             | Don't forget also impact of time control - shorter games
             | lead to more mutual mistakes. While in 90+30 first big
             | blunder should decide the game, in blitz it's just the
             | beginning.
             | 
             | Amusing example is Chessbrah speedruning to 2000, while
             | hanging queen in every game:
             | https://www.twitch.tv/videos/593176969
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | Maybe a better analogy would be card counting in Blackjack.
         | 
         | To be profitable (if it can be), card counting works with
         | extremely tight margins, like a fraction of a percent per hand.
         | It only turns a profit averaged out over many hands.
         | 
         | But if you make a basic strategy blunder, you can lose the
         | statistical benefits of maybe hundreds of perfectly played
         | hands. That's why it may be better to play a simple strategy
         | perfectly, than a more advanced but error prone strategy.
         | 
         | That's also the reason why casinos love wannabe card counters.
         | Their strategy may work in theory, but because of mistakes, the
         | end result is worse for the player than playing basic strategy.
         | 
         | Note about basic strategy: it is the optimal way of playing
         | blackjack assuming each card draw is independent (so, no card
         | counting), it is simple, and widely available and accepted in
         | casinos. The player is at a loss (of course), but reasonably
         | so. If you can play basic strategy consistently, you are better
         | off than the vast majority of players.
        
           | rileymat2 wrote:
           | I feel ignorant, I thought with card counting you were still
           | pretty much playing the simple strategy but altering bet
           | sizes as your expectations of winning increased?
        
             | chiyc wrote:
             | It can also involve deviations in strategy based on the
             | count, particularly with borderline hands.
        
             | Cushman wrote:
             | Your understanding is correct, more or less[0], but there
             | are two parts to strategy: an inexpert counter is likely to
             | be distracted, and to make errors from perfect play.
             | They're also likely to lose the count, and make errors in
             | bet sizing. The net of those is worse than a non-counter
             | playing perfectly, whose edge is slightly negative but who
             | still stands a decent chance of making money on a given
             | day.
             | 
             | But note that's a reason for casinos not to _overtly_
             | discourage counting; they'll still happily ban a player who
             | is apparently counting well rather than roll the dice on
             | whether they're counting "well enough".
             | 
             | [0] Sibling points out that counters will make specific
             | deviations from "naive" perfect play depending on the
             | count, but that's to push earnings up a bit on an already
             | positive edge. There's also the element of camouflage,
             | where a _really_ strong counter might deviate in ways that
             | don't hurt their earnings but make their play look less
             | "counter-y".
        
             | hehhehaha wrote:
             | Ya but simple mistakes can turn +ev to -ev, and if you
             | miscalculate and scale up on -ev, then that can wipe out
             | your +ev for hours
        
         | Certhas wrote:
         | It's not tautological, though. Your position can gradually
         | deteriorate until it is not salvageable anymore. In that
         | situation we say that the opponent outplayed you.
         | 
         | The fact that the switches in probability occur suddenly is
         | highly relevant. One reason for this could be, that you are
         | able to avoid this type of mistake 90% of the time. So during 9
         | out of ten moves, nothing changes. Then it does. So in this
         | model, avoiding blunders means honing your skills to be able to
         | apply all aspects of your mistake knowledge all the time. In
         | another game, that is less blunder driven, it might be better
         | to focus on getting more things right most of the time, rather
         | than getting fewer things right all of the time.
         | 
         | At this level, chess is a tactics game. Not a strategy game.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | It's an issue of how the games are evaluated. At most skill
           | levels a human being slowly outplayed is trading blunders
           | from a computer's perspective.
           | 
           | For a 1400 a game where an 800 crushed a 500 is most likely a
           | comedy of errors. For a GM that 1400 crushing a 1100 will
           | similarly be filled with missed opportunities. And for a top
           | chess engine on significant depth, most games are practically
           | a slapstick comedy because the best of the best represent
           | such a small fraction of overall players.
        
             | anamexis wrote:
             | I don't think that's true. Speaking as someone sub-1000
             | rated who plays lots of other people in the same region,
             | the computer evals don't typically show a series of
             | blunders. 1 or 2 blunders per game is common, but blunder-
             | less games are also not uncommon. Just lots and lots of
             | suboptimal but not terrible moves.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | They may be referring to sub-1000 online rated. An 800
               | FIDE rated player is going to wipe the floor with an 800
               | chess.com rated player.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | If anything that reinforces my point that low-rated
               | players aren't losing in a series of constant blunders.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | If you're 800 FIDE rated over the board you're not going
               | to be 800 online. You'll be way above that. I haven't
               | played in years but I was beating 1200 rated players
               | online as a total beginner. The ratings are not
               | comparable.
               | 
               | A sub-1000 online rated player is frankly a very poor,
               | total beginner at chess, not an enthusiastic club player.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | No argument there, but that has nothing to do with my
               | point that novices at chess aren't just playing constant
               | blunders when playing each other.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | If you're rated 800 online and making 1-2 blunders per
               | game playing blitz, that seems low and it still adds up
               | to 2-4 in a given game.
               | 
               | If you mean longer time controls then that's definitely
               | helping, but most games are 5 minutes or less simply
               | because players are going to be able to fit far more such
               | games per day. Similarly the average rating is quite low
               | simply because everyone starts terrible and most people
               | quit relatively quickly.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | I'm talking about daily/correspondence games.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Ok, 1-2 blunders are more believable in that context, and
               | uhh ouch. Anyway, it's still an extreme edge case which
               | says nothing about most games.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | My point was that it's not an extreme edge case, it's
               | quite common, even at the 700-1000 chess.com ELO level.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Someone dying in a car accident is frequent/common as in
               | happening several times a day, but it's still an extreme
               | edge case in terms of the average trip.
               | 
               | If we're talking about the average game you simply need
               | to look at all time controls to get an accurate
               | understanding not pick an uncommon example and
               | arbitrarily suggest it's representative of the general
               | case.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Do you have better data, or are you just being an
               | asshole?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Do you have better data, or are you just being an
               | asshole?
               | 
               | Last I checked, 55% of games on chess.com are 5 minutes
               | or less if that's what you're asking. But at this point
               | I'm just done with this conversation.
               | 
               | Also, average account ELO was ~800 not sure if that's
               | active or just not banned.
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | That's position-dependent. In one case you might be in a
           | totally closed position where there's no obvious way forward
           | and your position gradually deteriorates. In another case you
           | might be in an ultra-sharp, open position where you miss some
           | crazy sacrifice combination that leads to mate-in-10.
           | 
           | The first example is clearly a strategic defeat and the
           | second a tactical defeat. But calling it a "blunder" to miss
           | the sacrifice in such a sharp position feels unfair. You
           | might have been walking a tightrope for a long time to reach
           | that point and then made one little slip any grandmaster
           | could be expected to make.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | I once watched a volleyball game between my high school's
           | vaunted multi-time state champion team and a small private
           | school. It was a perfect example of no blunders vs. gradual
           | deterioration. Our team played an aggressive style that would
           | test the opponent's physical ability and mental toughness.
           | The small private school played no-mistakes, all defense, and
           | no offense. They would dig up everything in bounds and return
           | the ball. They only scored when our team hit the ball out of
           | bounds. That game took four hours, and the only reason the
           | small team lost was depth: they only had one substitute.
           | Eventually, they wore out and just couldn't physically
           | perform.
        
         | sjducb wrote:
         | The point is that you are in control of whether you blunder or
         | not. It's more important to avoid obvious mistakes than to have
         | a good strategy.
        
         | mtsyh wrote:
         | Chess.com is more sophisticated than this in the treatment of
         | blunders. They are divided into "misses" and "blunders".
         | 
         | In my experience, it appears that the difference between the
         | two is that a "miss" is something the computer evaluates as
         | unreasonable or difficult for a human to find. If you had found
         | it, it would have been deemed a "brilliant" move, which is
         | another analysis move type that chess.com has doesn't have.
         | Either that or a miss is failing to capitalize on an opponent's
         | blunder.
         | 
         | It makes sense to chess players, since we consider missing an
         | opportunity to capitalize on an opponent's mistake to be
         | distinct from unilaterally making one's own position worse,
         | even though to lichess those are going to both look like drops
         | in the evaluation score.
        
           | smatija wrote:
           | Chess.com isn't really more sophisticated than lichess - it's
           | only trying to appear so.
           | 
           | It's definition of blunder etc is still based only on engine
           | evaluation. For example it marks as briliant all sound
           | sacrifices, even the most routine ones. This is good
           | marketing, but I doubt it's good analysis.
        
         | philipov wrote:
         | It might be tautological, but it also happens to be correct!
         | The Pareto rule applies: A beginner progressing to intermediate
         | might quickly iron out the biggest blunders and by the time
         | they're advanced get 80% there, but mastering that last 20%
         | requires decades of practice.
        
         | incorrecthorse wrote:
         | > In some sense this is almost tautological.
         | 
         | Yes. The interesting property would be the reverse proposition:
         | what percentage of victories are granted by not blundering?
         | 
         | In amateur level chess, that number is very high. That's the
         | point the author was trying to make.
        
       | fedeb95 wrote:
       | This goes back to the medieval idea of via negativa, defining
       | through negations. Interesting it worked out for you.
        
       | salamo wrote:
       | As a side note, I think this blunder-centric approach to chess is
       | underappreciated, especially at low to mid levels where the vast
       | majority of players peak. In addition to working on tactics,
       | players should also specifically work on not blundering.
       | 
       | What this means in practice would be something like an "anti-
       | tactic". In normal tactics, we need to find the best move which
       | will usually win the game or give a decisive advantage. But an
       | anti-tactic is a fight with your intuition: you want to make a
       | move but that move is actually a blunder. There are several
       | correct answers but one or two attractive but very wrong answers.
       | 
       | Of course the "rest of the owl" is how to determine which moves
       | are very attractive to certain players. That is something I am
       | working on now.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | But the blunders are where all the fun is.
       | 
       | Apart from them, games are boring mechanistic jobs.
       | 
       | If the enemy doesn't blunder I start to blunder as I'm getting
       | more and more bored with the game.
       | 
       | If enemy plays bad I also get bored and blunder.
       | 
       | Anything to put the spark back into the activity that was
       | supposed to be engaging.
        
       | zheng_qm wrote:
       | It is remarkable how much long-term advantage people like us have
       | gotten by trying to be consistently not stupid, instead of trying
       | to be very intelligent.
       | 
       | -- Charlie Munger
        
       | joss82 wrote:
       | This only works where the number of moves is finite, and you can
       | only iterate in lockstep with your opponent: tennis and chess are
       | good examples.
       | 
       | If you are a startup, you don't have to wait for your competitors
       | to play before making a move, you can (and must, to survive) make
       | as many moves as you possibly can, to get ahead.
       | 
       | A blunder is not as bad as not making enough great moves.
        
         | vaylian wrote:
         | > you can (and must, to survive) make as many moves as you
         | possibly can, to get ahead.
         | 
         | The tricky part is not getting ahead in the wrong direction,
         | because that could be a blunder if the strategy behind that
         | move is not well thought through.
        
         | smartbear wrote:
         | (Author of the article)
         | 
         | I agree with your counter-point. The finiteness and lock-step
         | are interesting characteristics; I wonder what the set of
         | characteristics are, for when this "rule" is especially
         | applicable.
         | 
         | And then we could ask: Is a startup like that? Are some kinds
         | of businesses like that, but some are not? (e.g. a one-person
         | accounting service vs a "change the world" startup?)
         | 
         | I do agree that often with startups it's whether you find the
         | 1-2 things that REALLY matter, and execute those REALLY well.
        
           | joss82 wrote:
           | It's a bit like trying to know if a geometric series is going
           | to converge to 0 or diverge towards infinity.
           | 
           | If a blunder is a 0, then avoiding blunders is super
           | important.
           | 
           | For example if you are in finance or accounting, commiting
           | fraud makes you lose your license and set your business value
           | to zero.
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | It is easier to avoid errors and accidents than it is to be good
       | at emergency room surgery.
        
       | CuriouslyC wrote:
       | Any good coach will tell you to spend the majority of your time
       | honing the fundaments, in any sport or competitive activity. This
       | is a big part of why.
        
       | gizmo wrote:
       | The author seems to be at Elo 1100. At this level players don't
       | think even a single move ahead and blunder their queen every
       | other game. Slightly better amateur players realize that they
       | should trade pieces once they're ahead to get to a winning end
       | game.
       | 
       | Avoiding blunders only works at chess at the lowest levels. It's
       | the same for tennis. Complete amateurs can win just by returning
       | the ball but at higher amateur levels you will have a bad time if
       | you try this.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | Article is not about becoming a pro - it is about creating a
         | company that doesn't fold like most of companies.
         | 
         | Most startup companies are run by amateurs and that is advice
         | for amateurs.
         | 
         | People who have experience already stuff that is in article ;)
        
         | noxvilleza wrote:
         | It's "Elo", not "ELO" (it's not an acronym).
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | You're right. Fixed.
        
         | iknownothow wrote:
         | I get your point but in your analogy don't you think startups
         | should be considered amateur chess players rather than experts?
         | "Forced errors" are a thing in chess and tennis but I don't see
         | that applying to startups. I can see Apple, Microsoft and other
         | big companies playing chess through lobbyists and lawsuits but
         | I think the article was about startups.
         | 
         | P.S. I've never founded a company or have any experience with
         | it.
        
           | gizmo wrote:
           | Your local pizzeria will probably do well by just not
           | blundering. If the pizzas, location, decor, menu, and staff
           | are good enough then the place will do reasonably well. If
           | you do everything right as a pizza place you survive, if you
           | blunder you go bankrupt. On the flip side, they don't have to
           | do anything original. Just doing OK in all dimensions is the
           | winning strategy.
           | 
           | Software isn't like that. It lives in the right tail of the
           | distribution. You can blunder everything except product and
           | still do extremely well, because software costs nothing to
           | produce. Your gross margins are 95%. You can blunder left and
           | right and it doesn't matter when people like your product and
           | pay for it. Mistakes that would destroy any other low margin
           | business you can shrug off.
           | 
           | A pizza place is a local business. They differentiate
           | themselves from other pizza places by being closer to you.
           | 
           | Software is global. Your tiny startup competes with open
           | source, big tech, and everything in between. If your product
           | is mediocre you'll struggle or fail (and rightly so). If your
           | product is great you get a fire hose that spews money.
           | 
           | In basically every interview with successful founders they
           | joke about the giant mistakes they made (that ended up just
           | not mattering). The kind of blunders that destroy any other
           | business are no big deal in software. The article is wrong
           | and the lesson should be the opposite.
        
         | arduanika wrote:
         | Sure, and he makes this point right there in TFA:
         | 
         | "This observation applies only to amateur tennis. In
         | professional tennis it's just the opposite: 80% of the rallies
         | are won rather than lost, as unforced errors are infrequent.
         | This is true in chess as well, as high-level players don't
         | blunder, and thus it really is that litany of other skills that
         | results in high standing."
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | Eric Sink from Source Gear made a similar point in a 2005 (I'm so
       | old) essay explaining competition and business topics to
       | developers via sports/game metaphors:
       | 
       | https://ericsink.com/articles/Game_Afoot.html
       | 
       | "The thing I find most interesting about Ping Pong is that you
       | can often win without doing anything fancy or aggressive. A lot
       | of players think the way to win is to slam the ball really hard.
       | The problem with this strategy is that a slam is a high-
       | risk/high-reward shot. If you do it right, you almost certainly
       | score a point when your opponent fails to return the ball. If you
       | do it wrong, you give your opponent a point.
       | 
       | Modesty aside, I consider myself a "pretty good" Ping Pong
       | player. I can slam the ball when necessary, but I hardly ever do.
       | I can beat most other players by simply returning every shot with
       | a little backspin. Hitting the ball hard simply isn't necessary.
       | All I need to do is wait for the other player to make 21
       | mistakes.
       | 
       | How software is similar
       | 
       | You can beat a lot of competitors by simply not beating yourself.
       | Most companies go out of business because of their own stupid
       | mistakes, not because of the brilliance or strength of their
       | competitor. Stay conservative, and stay in business. Watch the
       | years go by, and you'll be surprised how many of your competitors
       | come and go."
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | Very good metaphor. I score similarly in Rainbow 6 Siege, an
         | online FPS game. On the level I play, the game can be very fast
         | paced. Often I score simply because I'm more patient, not
         | because I click more accurately or faster.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | This is what professional poker players do, and if the goal
           | is winning it works. It also changes what was originally a
           | pleasurable social activity into a grinding job, which I
           | don't want for things that I currently find fun, like ping
           | pong.
        
             | fernandopj wrote:
             | Exactly. This is the reason at one point I stopped being
             | invited to casual poker games with friends of friends. I
             | was amateur level compared to professionals, but just
             | because I don't make blunders, any game session 4 hours
             | long were enough for me to systematically get most if not
             | all of everyone else's money and ruin their fun.
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | You kinda broke the social contract of why that group was
               | hanging out and playing. Not saying you were this guy,
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxgDaCOS-tE
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | This kind of play is boring in a friendly setting because
               | you're folding so damn often. That bothers me more than
               | how often someone's winning (and is why my friend group
               | doesn't play anymore--the guy most-interested in
               | organizing games plays "correctly", and it's _boring_ ,
               | so nobody wants to do it)
        
       | taneq wrote:
       | Not sure if it's been linked in this thread yet (although I did
       | see it on another post yesterday) but iirc this is one of the
       | core messages of Playing To Win by David Sirlin
       | (https://www.sirlin.net/ptw). To win, all you have to do is not
       | lose.
        
       | Omroth wrote:
       | "Not strategy, not memorizing opening lines, not practicing your
       | end-game technique, not studying the Great Games of History, not
       | drilling with puzzles to get better at tactics,"
       | 
       | "In my games, the player who committed more blunders lost 86% of
       | the time."
       | 
       | Goodness I wonder what methods one could use to reduce their
       | blunder rate.
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | it's simple. if i were playing the game, i would make moves
         | that lead to victory, and i wouldn't make moves that lead to
         | defeat. that way, i would always win.
         | 
         | making mistakes seems really stupid and i'm not sure why anyone
         | would do that.
        
         | javier123454321 wrote:
         | I think the point is to, instead of being on the lookout for
         | the winning strategy, put more of your limited attention on
         | preventing basic mistakes. It's about shifting focus,
         | presumably, there's a baseline of competence in the endeavor at
         | hand.
        
         | tech_ken wrote:
         | These things all help, but ultimately reduction of blunders is
         | the result of consciously checking whether you're blundering
         | something, not being a genius calculator. Most blunders in
         | chess (outside of the higher-levels) aren't the result of
         | failing to see some 5-move tactical sequence, they're just
         | hanging a rook because you were hyper-focused on your own
         | initiative. Controlling your blunder rate is IMO a game of
         | attending to your own mental state: ensuring that you're giving
         | proper consideration to your opponents threats, being realistic
         | about your advantages, and preventing your imagination from
         | running away on you. Obviously study and puzzles can help you
         | do these things more effectively (for example making you more
         | likely to pick up material when your opponent blunders), but
         | they are a necessity not a sufficiency. At the end of the day
         | 'not blundering' is about staying humble, playing slowly, and
         | not freaking out; everything else is points on the margin.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > Goodness I wonder what methods one could use to reduce their
         | blunder rate.
         | 
         | Checklist:
         | 
         | 1) Is there a checkmate? Yeah, you might want to stop it if you
         | don't want to lose.
         | 
         | 2) Is there a check? Checks are forcing and can make you do
         | things you don't want to do. You probably want to prevent them.
         | 
         | 3) Is there a capture? A piece with no defenders that can be
         | grabbed probably needs to have something done about it.
         | 
         | 4) Is there an undefended piece? Undefended pieces become
         | capturable. Defend it.
         | 
         | 5) Do you have _any_ plan at all? Even a bad one is better than
         | none at all.
         | 
         | The problem is that there are lots of these on a board. When
         | you first start doing this, it's a slow process, and it is not
         | _fun_. But you will get _much_ better _very_ quickly.
        
       | komposit wrote:
       | IN many ways this is just another perspective on the need for
       | taking calculated risks. I think this becomes even more
       | interesting when you add the factor time into it. I usually play
       | 3+2 type games where each player gets 3 minutes on the clock plus
       | 2 for each additional move. In this kind of setup i've found that
       | playing more risky aggressive moves on the one hand exposes you
       | to make blunders, but it also gives you the initiative and causes
       | the opposing player to spend more compute time checking possible
       | variations.
        
       | skeeter2020 wrote:
       | So the advice is "don't make so many small mistakes that it kills
       | you"? and 20% of the time "don't make a fatal mistake". I just
       | don't find this very helpful. Anyone who's worked at a startup
       | already knows (1) it is a daily grind, (2) you don't die as often
       | as you enter a zombie state.
        
         | viggity wrote:
         | "zombie state". I love that. I was the CTO of a healthcare
         | startup for 6 years. Would have been a wonderful business for
         | like 1-2 people to own but we raised venture funding. We made
         | good money, had ok growth (attrition was high because well,
         | that's what happens when your patient population is 70yo and
         | have heart problems). I liked to phrase it as "a mediocre
         | success is worse than a failure". You just get strung along,
         | looking for a breakout, but are stuck with 10% growth.
        
       | jprete wrote:
       | I think the sports analogy is bad. Using table tennis as an
       | example, a point can look blundered from the outside, but really
       | the opponent hit a very difficult shot to return and the player
       | did their best to do so. There's also the ongoing factor of one's
       | position relative to the table and one's read of the opponent's
       | likely next shot. These aren't factors that can be judged just
       | with a simple measure of whether the player's return hit went
       | wide.
        
       | topaz0 wrote:
       | I think this is a case where doing the automated analysis on a
       | large dataset is misleading, because the automated analysis is
       | based on an automated evaluation of how good a move is. Another
       | way of saying "don't blunder" in this context is "choose a move
       | that is not much worse than the best move". That is hardly more
       | useful advice than "choose the best move". The advice "don't
       | blunder" only becomes useful when you can also give advice about
       | how to recognize blunders: "check whether your pieces are
       | hanging", "check whether your opponent has mate in 1", "check for
       | forks". Probably many of the blunders in that dataset are simple
       | things like this, but others are long forcing lines or
       | counterintuitive sacrifices that are difficult to recognize both
       | for you and for your opponent. The computer doesn't distinguish,
       | but it's much easier to improve by focusing on the former than
       | the latter. (obviously to continue to improve you have to do
       | both, but "not hanging pieces" is a lot less work).
        
       | lakomen wrote:
       | What a useless post. BRB while I control things I'm never able to
       | control
        
       | vundercind wrote:
       | I'm bad enough at chess that every match features some blunders.
       | 
       | It's why I can only play humans. Any not-extremely-subtle-in-its-
       | badness blunder is spotted too consistently by even "easy" chess
       | engines. IIRC I used to go about 50/50 versus the weakest
       | computer on Chessmaster and the entire experience was _stressful_
       | rather than fun, LOL.
        
       | keeptrying wrote:
       | On the face of it this seems to imply, moving slowly and
       | deliberately.
       | 
       | However this is not always true.
       | 
       | Example: Detroit lions Vs SF in 2023 playoffs. Avoiding
       | blundering means being adaptable to the situation at hand - not
       | using instinct derived from previous battles.
        
       | upwardbound wrote:
       | > I computed a simple "error score" that includes mistakes while
       | giving blunders more weight: [number of mistakes] x 2*[number of
       | blunders]
       | 
       | This doesn't give blunders more weight..
       | 
       | Multiplication is commutative and associative, so the author's
       | formula is also the same as this one: 2*[number of mistakes] x
       | [number of blunders]
       | 
       | To give more weight to blunders, you could use an exponent, which
       | is a common trick in baseball statistics (SABRmetrics), like
       | this: [number of mistakes] x [number of blunders ^ 1.1]
       | 
       | See e.g. some of the formula concepts invented by Bill James
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_James#Innovations
        
         | rKarpinski wrote:
         | Think the star represents exponent, otherwise they are using
         | two different symbols for multiplication.
        
           | jprete wrote:
           | It's possible, but that formula is (after a log2
           | transformation) equivalent in comparison power to
           | log2(mistakes) + blunders. This is almost reducing the
           | mistake term to a tiebreaker, because mistakes and blunders
           | are on the same scale (a proportion of the number of actions
           | taken in a game).
        
             | rKarpinski wrote:
             | > This is almost reducing the mistake term to a tiebreaker
             | 
             | Isn't that exactly what it's supposed to be?
             | 
             | >> However, in 40% of the games both players had an equal
             | number of blunders. So I also included "mistakes"--the
             | next-worst kind of error.
        
         | smartbear wrote:
         | (Author of article)
         | 
         | Sorry, that was supposed to be +, not * !
         | 
         | You're right. Just a typo! Now fixed.
        
       | talldatethrow wrote:
       | Totally unrelated side note, but I was in car sales for almost a
       | decade and was better than top 1% nationwide basically since the
       | first year. Averaging 34 cars a month when national average is
       | 11.
       | 
       | People always asked for advice and in general my advice was
       | "don't shoot yourself in the foot".
       | 
       | Actual particular style or methods aren't that important because
       | whatever style you have will work on some and not on others, so
       | just keep yourself and your pipeline busy with people that are ok
       | with that style.
       | 
       | But don't mess up in a way to loose people. You don't need the
       | world's best opener. You need an opener that doesn't turn people
       | off.
       | 
       | You don't need to be the best more charismatic person, just don't
       | turn people off.
       | 
       | You don't need to be the world strongest closer, just don't turn
       | people off making them get up and leave.
       | 
       | Stop making mistakes, and the rest is usually fine.
        
         | petsfed wrote:
         | Turns out "get the hell out of the way" is very good baseline
         | advice for a lot of situations.
         | 
         | Want to make a sale? Get a customer in the room with a good
         | product, then get the hell out of the way.
         | 
         | Want your team of engineers to build incredible things? Hire
         | good people, then get the hell out of the way.
         | 
         | Its not perfect, it hinges a lot on starting from a good place,
         | but if you're in a situation where everybody in the room wants
         | essentially the same thing (for the project to succeed, for the
         | customer to drive away with a new car, etc), the best thing you
         | can do is simply not interfere with the process that arises
         | organically.
        
           | spxneo wrote:
           | i like this even better! so much workflows often get tainted
           | by top down ego.
           | 
           | delegate and trust.
        
         | spxneo wrote:
         | very sound advice not just in sales but dating too
         | 
         | dont be a turn off dont signal turn off behaviour
        
       | eggbrain wrote:
       | I struggle with how I'm supposed to grok this advice, as it feels
       | like a tautology.
       | 
       | E.g. with his chess example, I can't see how blundering isn't
       | just a result of a lack of the things he mentions -- practicing
       | technique, drilling puzzles, etc. How can we as amateurs know
       | _not_ to make blunders without knowing _why_ it was a blunder,
       | which usually involves being properly skilled to identify the
       | blunder ahead of time in some fashion?
       | 
       | The main caveats I can think of are
       | ego/recklessness/apathy/emotion, which revolve around not caring
       | about making a blunder, along with distraction/hastiness, which
       | revolve around not having the appropriate mental energy to not
       | make a blunder.
        
         | a_t48 wrote:
         | Many many chess blunders are as simple as "I moved a piece
         | where it can be immediately taken".
        
         | Dove wrote:
         | Some of the best advice I've ever heard comes from the
         | following observation:                   Blundering is often a
         | result of trying to overplay a small advantage.
         | 
         | If you are playing thoughtfully, with an eye on the whole game,
         | you are smart enough not to blunder. It's when you get excited
         | about pursuing an opportunity that you overlook mistakes.
         | 
         | Play your advantages and play them hard. But don't lose sight
         | of the big picture. Or alternatively, when you see an
         | opportunity, look for the danger.
         | 
         | The insight has served me extremely well in competitive and
         | security contexts, and I think it accounts for a lot of
         | blunders in product design as well.
        
           | tech_ken wrote:
           | > Play your advantages and play them hard. But don't lose
           | sight of the big picture.
           | 
           | Almost nothing is more dangerous to my winning chances than
           | exiting the opening with a small material or positional
           | advantage. Opponent is now incentivized to attack
           | ferociously, and I'm left struggling to figure out the safest
           | way to convert without playing too passively but also not
           | over-pushing.
        
         | setgree wrote:
         | I agree. I like the way Arnold Kling expresses a similar idea
         | [1]: "One of my beliefs about competition is that the business
         | world is very forgiving of mistakes... On October 11, 1999, our
         | business, along with the Scottsdale relocation business, was
         | sold to homestore.com for $85 million. My share was quite
         | dilute by this point...But a couple of percent of $85 million
         | is still real money, particularly considering the sequence of
         | mistakes, miscalculations, misjudgments, and erroneous
         | forecasts that led to it."
         | 
         | Kling and coworkers had an important insight about what the
         | internet was going to do to home-buying. This made up, in part,
         | for such obvious blunders as failing to buy MapQuest.
         | 
         | [1] https://arnoldkling.com/~arnoldsk/aimst2/aimst218.html
        
         | greedo wrote:
         | Most blunders (at least 1500 ELO and below) are often board
         | observation blunders, where your board vision lets you down.
         | Either you're too tunnel visioned on your own attack or you
         | just expose yourself to simple tactics. When I first started
         | playing online, I would routinely blunder my queen roughly 10%
         | of the time. Luckily I've improved and only do it 9% of the
         | time...
        
       | sourcepluck wrote:
       | There are some major misunderstandings about chess amongst the
       | general public. "Wanting to not blunder" and "not blundering" are
       | two very different things.
       | 
       | I remember an in-person rapid tournament, 12m with a 3s
       | increment, I was rated ~1600, playing a lot at the time, reading
       | books, etc. In the first round got matched against the highest
       | rated player there (which is normal, someone has to play them in
       | the first round).
       | 
       | He was an IM, skittish small fellow, something like ~2200 or
       | ~2300, I can't remember. Table 1 was up on a little podium. So we
       | go through the opening, middle-game, and this guy is just sitting
       | back. Solid, non-threatening, relaxed, barely used any time on
       | his clock. I'm sweating, taking ages, nervous, seeing dragons
       | around each corner.
       | 
       | I try reason with myself: look, this guy is in a worse spot than
       | you, he has more to lose, etc. He's waiting for you to make a
       | mistake. He is avoiding exchanges, and making little probing
       | threats, at best. Just breathe, stay in the game, let him attempt
       | an attack! Just keep things solid, and don't blunder!
       | 
       | We go back and forth like this for at best 4 or 5 moves into the
       | middlegame let's say.
       | 
       | His move: he smiles apologetically and takes the rook I just put
       | on an unprotected square his bishop was _very_ clearly hitting. I
       | resign with an embarrassed look and whisper an apology for my
       | stupidity.
       | 
       | My advice to anyone who is feeling too big for their jodhpurs: go
       | study chess as hard as you can, for as long as you like, and then
       | go play a few tournaments. 12-year-olds will wipe the floor with
       | you and then their Mom will make them a sandwich while they move
       | on with their life.
        
         | tech_ken wrote:
         | > 12-year-olds will wipe the floor with you
         | 
         | Was chatting with a guy who used to play pick up games at the
         | Marshall and I remember him talking about how humbling it was
         | to get your head kicked in by like a 7 year old. I think this
         | is one of the coolest things about chess: in most other
         | competitions age is a huge predictor of the outcome (I'd crush
         | a 7 year old in basketball), but in chess it can be almost
         | harder to face a young opponent because their learning rate is
         | so ferocious and they're young enough that pride often isn't a
         | distractor. One of my ongoing struggles in getting my Elo
         | higher is to try and keep the childlike playfulness front-and-
         | center. As you say in your anecdote: it's all about playing
         | simple moves and not getting tilted. Let the super-GMs
         | calculate 15-move lines.
        
       | zoogeny wrote:
       | This is mostly tangential to the article contents, but I've been
       | watching interviews and talks by Benoit Mandelbrot [1] recently.
       | I was a little surprised to find his work outside of fractals to
       | be extremely interesting. He characterizes his own work as being
       | on the general concept of "roughness".
       | 
       | The reason I bring it up in context of this article for
       | blundering, is that he studies the chaotic movement of stock
       | markets from the abstract perspective of "roughness". That is, he
       | is interested in categorizing patterns that are in some kind of
       | grey zone between smooth and completely chaotic.
       | 
       | One of the features I recall him mentioning in one of his
       | introductions was related to "black swan" type events in markets.
       | He suggests that only a few stock movements over time account for
       | the majority of loss/gain. This is a feature he was interested in
       | exploring and recreating using mathematical models and it lead
       | him to investigate sampling from stochastic distributions that
       | are not Gaussian.
       | 
       | This view is forcing me to evaluate some of this startup/business
       | advice in a new light. This article seems to assume that both in
       | chess and business that "blunders" are distributed in a normal
       | way (probably not the correct mathematical term but I hope it
       | communicates what I mean). But in reality, some blunders are tiny
       | and some are massive.
       | 
       | Consider, you can avoid 99 out of 100 blunders but if the 1
       | blunder you make is that black swan blunder then you are dead.
       | Conversely, you can make 99 out of 100 blunders but if you avoid
       | that 1 black swan blunder then you can survive and even thrive.
       | Of course, avoiding all blunders just happens to ensure that you
       | also miss the catastrophic ones.
       | 
       | I haven't fully digested this idea but I think it is the basis
       | for some profound advancement in our understanding. The problem
       | is we can't really tell at any given moment which events are the
       | ones that will end up being the most impactful, that seems to
       | only come in hindsight. But even just realizing that there is an
       | unequal distribution to the contribution of events over time
       | feels pretty important to me.
       | 
       | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | People always tell me they wish they were good at cooking.
       | 
       | The biggest thing is don't mess up.
       | 
       | Don't burn anything, don't undercook it, don't overseason, don't
       | underseason. Even if it's just "okay", if you can avoid ruining
       | food, consistently, people will start to refer to you as a 'good
       | cook'.
       | 
       | Or in another way, just don't be a bad cook and you'll be a good
       | one.
        
         | jitl wrote:
         | A lot of this is recipe selection too! If you are a beginner,
         | and have people coming over, don't pick a new recipe or a
         | complicated old recipe. Do something easy, especially if you're
         | doubling to feed more mouths.
         | 
         | corollary: Thanksgiving is a day for cooking standards, not
         | innovating (unless you've practiced)
        
           | phone8675309 wrote:
           | I've never seen anyone more stressed in the kitchen than my
           | partner trying to debone and roll a turkey for Thanksgiving
           | as opposed to doing it the standard way in the oven.
           | 
           | They went to culinary school, but this was a production for
           | family and was uniquely stressful for them. It turned out
           | fantastic but they were wrecked for the rest of that long
           | weekend.
        
         | mostly_harmless wrote:
         | I feel this way for photography, about filtering. If you take
         | 1000 photos, only show people your 20-50 best. Now you are a
         | good photographer.
        
         | ljm wrote:
         | Prep first and follow the recipe. It's not as hard as it seems
         | if you get all your ingredients ready and then start cooking.
         | It is _literally_ a list of instructions. It tells you what to
         | do. No imagination needed.
         | 
         | It becomes a lot easier to fuck it up if you try to prep on the
         | fly because you'll never get the timing right, which means you
         | won't be following the instructions any more.
        
         | petsfed wrote:
         | This neatly encapsulates why (and how) Pabst Blue Ribbon beer
         | plausibly (but never confirmed) won that blue ribbon in 1893:
         | at a time when beer was especially hard to get just right,
         | tasting the same every time is a huge technical win.
        
         | RachelF wrote:
         | It is the same with military history. Many wars are lost
         | because of blunders, often your military can do more damage to
         | itself than an enemy can do.
        
       | CSMastermind wrote:
       | "Slow is smooth and smooth is fast"
       | 
       | This applies to software engineering and I've had a hard time
       | explaining it to people throughout my career.
        
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