[HN Gopher] Does America suddenly have a record number of bees?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Does America suddenly have a record number of bees?
        
       Author : softwaredoug
       Score  : 97 points
       Date   : 2024-04-01 14:09 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | throwup238 wrote:
       | I think the bigger question is: why has squab fallen so much in
       | popularity in 15 years?
        
       | thefourthchime wrote:
       | https://archive.is/lHVwP
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | The real reason is buried pretty far down in the article:
       | 
       | > In 2012, the Herbert Hypothetical gave rise to a new law: Your
       | plot of five to 20 acres now qualifies for agriculture tax breaks
       | if you keep bees on it for five years.
       | 
       | > Over the next few years, all 254 Texas counties adopted bee
       | rules requiring, for example, six hives on five acres plus
       | another hive for every 2.5 acres beyond that to qualify for the
       | tax break. Herbert keeps a spreadsheet of the regulations and
       | drives across the state to educate bee-curious landowners.
       | 
       | Economics, who knew?
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | The interesting bit is more that there's still an ongoing
         | severe problem with bee colonies dying that hasn't been solved
         | despite the apparent increase in overall numbers:
         | 
         | " _Sadly, however, this does not mean we've defeated colony
         | collapse. One major citizen-science project found that
         | beekeepers lost almost half of their colonies in the year
         | ending in April 2023, the second-highest loss rate on record.
         | 
         | For now, we're making up for it with aggressive management. The
         | Texans told us that they were splitting their hives more often,
         | replacing queens as often as every year and churning out bee
         | colonies faster than the mites, fungi and diseases can take
         | them down._"
        
           | ortusdux wrote:
           | Sounds like the usual issues you see with an aggressive focus
           | on monoculture.
        
           | zamalek wrote:
           | I wonder if this is helping weed out the "africanized genes"
           | (bees that will far more easily sting), or have southern
           | beekeepers given up in that regard?
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | The way it would be weeded out is through selective
             | queening. That's how the European honey bee has become so
             | docile - pinching the agressive queens. So it could
             | influence the genetics of the feral bee population, but I
             | would guess it will be minimal.
        
             | poulsbohemian wrote:
             | I'm not in the region where they have Africanized bees, but
             | following the research and stories from active keepers, it
             | seem like it's a combo of both keepers learning how to
             | manage them plus shifts in genetics causing them to mellow
             | some. From what I hear, there are small scale and hobby
             | keepers in the southwest that are actively keeping and
             | working them
        
           | nrjames wrote:
           | Varroa mites are a vector for diseases and fungus and most
           | likely the distal cause of most of the dying colonies. If
           | they are not aggressively managed, they eventually lead to
           | the death or absconding of almost every colony.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | A lot of it's genetics over management in my experience.
             | I've seen treatment-free colonies go multiple years with
             | low mite numbers and treatment free yards overwinter
             | 75-100% of colonies. I've also seen heavily managed hives
             | take losses anyways, or abscond after treatment. Including
             | some that take 75-100% losses. Many times the same apiary
             | can go from one extreme to the other in a year or two.
             | 
             | The problem with the genetics is that it's extremely hard
             | to maintain continuity of a colony beyond a few years
             | because eventually they need to requeen. Those future
             | queens are made from a variety of contributions of other
             | gene lines due to the way the mating happens.
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | Can anecdotally confirm. I've had 100% surviving hives and
             | continuous queen lineage now for 6-7 years. Before that I
             | did minimal mite treatments (powdered sugar washes are
             | nuts) and had 75% of hives abscond every year requiring new
             | queens. My "neighbors" (>2mi away) rarely have a single
             | hive survive a single winter.
             | 
             | My preference is to alternate "natural" thymol/oxalic
             | treatments with Apivar. You can really see the reduction in
             | virus laden malformed bees in a hive turnover (~6 weeks).
             | Apivar treatment lasts a full year, but I'd rather not
             | develop resistance (don't leave strips in the hive longer
             | than 8 weeks!) so alternate years. The best time I've seen
             | for treatment is right before large population booms (since
             | there are fewer mites in brood). That usually means early
             | winter after supers are removed, or after a queen swarm
             | leaves in late winter/early spring.
             | 
             | One major challenge to resistant queens is that they tend
             | to be more aggressive and their resistance is diluted
             | unless you requeen (resistant) every year or two due to
             | interbreeding with local non-resistant drones.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | If you have the stomach for the extra work and your
               | apiary goals can support it consider adding brood breaks
               | to your varroa management strategy.
        
               | kurthr wrote:
               | That's an excellent method! It just requires capturing
               | all the queens and removing any queens and queen cells.
               | Spring swarms and supersedure do something similar
               | although not of a very controllable length.
               | 
               | I'm not worried about the amount of honey.
        
               | pedrocr wrote:
               | It can be done with push in cages to trap the queen
               | inside the hive. Because there's still a queen they won't
               | start new cells. Because she's limited to a very small
               | area the brood break is almost complete. I think a two
               | week break is enough. The national honey show had a great
               | video explaining this method. Apparently commercial
               | beekeepers are going that route now that varroa
               | treatments are becoming less effective.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | It's pretty common knowledge in the beekeeping world that
           | losses are about 50% annually. Most beekeepers request every
           | year or two as well.
           | 
           | The past couple years I've had high losses. Mostly due to
           | yellow jacket pressure. But I'm also treatment-free and
           | expect some losses from colonies that are less varroa
           | hygienic and too late in the year to requeen.
        
             | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
             | Asking as someone not in the beekeeping world, do you get
             | the impression that the colony loss rate is stable or
             | increasing/decreasing?
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | It's extremely variable on an individual basis. I've had
               | years with 100% survival and then others with 0% survival
               | (small sample of under 10 hives), with other beekeepers
               | experiencing similar losses.
               | 
               | There are some studies/surveys out there about survival
               | rates (the population rate studies are less helpful). My
               | understanding is the survival rate plummeted after the
               | introduction of varroa but has been mostly stable around
               | 50% survival nationally for over a decade.
        
             | forgetfreeman wrote:
             | "I'm treatment-free" is a particularly smug way of saying
             | your apiary management strategy is to continuously bomb
             | every surrounding apiary and whatever native pollinators
             | may be in your area with parasites. There is a reason that
             | professionals loathe hobby beekeepers.
        
               | fredoliveira wrote:
               | Can you expand? Doesn't treatment free mean that their
               | apiary is self-selecting? How does this mean cross-
               | contaminating neighboring, treated apiaries?
               | 
               | (I know very little about this. Just honestly asking for
               | more info because I'm curious)
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | Not the other guy, but presumably 'treatment free' means
               | that you have hives full of diseased bees or bees
               | infested with mites. Those sick/infested bees then spread
               | those things to wild bees and to other apiaries. Even if
               | the neighbors are willing to treat, that doesn't
               | necessarily mean they'll survive being constantly
               | reinfected by the non-treatment hives.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Treatment-free should mean that you're using IPM methods.
               | It should not be self selecting, but selection aided by
               | the beekeeper heading off problems (requeening, brood
               | breaks, and even treatment when absolutely necessary -
               | like burning your hive if you get AFB, or treating for
               | EFB). You still need to be monitoring your hives.
               | 
               | "Even if the neighbors are willing to treat, that doesn't
               | necessarily mean they'll survive being constantly
               | reinfected by the non-treatment hives."
               | 
               | This is not really how it works for most of the diseases
               | and parasites. Yes, things like foulbrood would act this
               | way. But the stuff that is commonly treated for are mites
               | and parasites like nosema. Even if you treat for these,
               | there will still be a level of it present in the hive.
               | Even healthy hives have bees with one or more of the
               | nosema species present in their guts to some degree.
               | That's why diagnosis of nosema relies on concentrations
               | counted under a hemocytometer.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | "Even if you treat for these, there will still be a level
               | of it present in the hive."
               | 
               | True, which is why all hives need to be actively managed
               | to optimize survival rates, but this comment coyly fails
               | to acknowledge that mite counts in surrounding hives do
               | measurably spike when a neighboring hive craters.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Show me the data.
               | 
               | If you define surrounding hives as those within 30 feet
               | or so, yes due to drift they will see a spike. More
               | distant hives should not.
               | 
               | Actively managed and treatment-free are not antonyms. If
               | someone thinks they are, that's a problem.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | I like that you're pretending in two places in the
               | comments that sick hives don't get robbed out during
               | their collapse. I posted some reading material for you
               | elsewhere in the thread. Give it a once over, it looks
               | like you might learn something.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "I like that you're pretending in two places in the
               | comments that sick hives don't get robbed out during
               | their collapse."
               | 
               | Nice strawman. I make no such claim. Most hives that get
               | robbed out are predominately done so by the hives in the
               | same apiary.
               | 
               | "Give it a once over, it looks like you might learn
               | something."
               | 
               | Based on my interaction with you, I highly doubt it has
               | anything to offer.
        
               | nothercastle wrote:
               | Treatment free is euphemism for the owner deciding it was
               | cheaper to accept 50% losses then to manage the hive with
               | treatment. It's basically impossible to do treatment free
               | unless you are on a island
        
               | gorjusborg wrote:
               | > doesn't necessarily mean they'll survive being
               | constantly reinfected
               | 
               | Also known as nature.
               | 
               | On the other hand, the natural hives have to deal with
               | resistant parasites and microbes, due to the prophylactic
               | treatments not being 100% effective, creating an
               | evolution chamber for the illness-causing agents.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | Sure, but it's not really nature when you essentially
               | have one keeper constantly raising and introducing extra
               | disease and mites into the environment. It'd be like if
               | you had an infectious disease and constantly went out
               | into public instead of staying home to recover. Sure all
               | the other people getting sick from your infection could
               | be handwaved as being natural, but ultimately it's
               | because you hung around them.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | This is great explaination for why commercial beekeepers
               | should not be migrating hives - turning epidemics into
               | pandemics.
        
               | gorjusborg wrote:
               | > Sure, but it's not really nature
               | 
               | Yeah, bee keeping isn't really nature, it's agriculture
               | (humans harnessing nature). That doesn't mean we have to
               | go 'hardcore' because it isn't nature. We can try to keep
               | it close if we want, and I think we should bias that way,
               | where feasible.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | Not really, no. The population is being artificially
               | propped up by managed hive splits and a continuous influx
               | of stock from breeder mills. To exert real selection
               | pressure requires careful husbandry at industrial scale
               | in an environment isolated from introduction of unmanaged
               | genetics.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | The VSH bees fit that description as they are created
               | from artificial insemination. Yes, it will take
               | generations to make an impact due to feral colonies and
               | the breeder mills not using VSH stock effectively.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "There is a reason that professionals loathe hobby
               | beekeepers."
               | 
               | Most hobby and small scale commercial beekeepers loathe
               | the major beekeepers, and for good reason - trucking
               | around diseases, exposing bees to fungicide and
               | pesticides, creating unhealthy hive densities, etc. But I
               | guess the large commercial outfits need someone to point
               | the finger while the industry dies out due to cheap
               | imports and the willingness of those large producers to
               | subject their bees to active spraying during the
               | pollination of many crops.
               | 
               | You do realize the parasites and diseases that affect
               | native bees are not generally controlled for by
               | commercial beekeepers, right? Even when they are
               | practicing prophylactic treatment, the treatments are not
               | effective at completely eliminating the parasites nor
               | their transmission. Honeybees are a transmission vector
               | for many diseases and parasites regardless of if they are
               | large scale producers or not.
               | 
               | I would also hope that you realize that that just because
               | someone says they're treatment-free doesn't mean thet are
               | just bombing the surrounding areas with problems. IPM
               | techniques can be effective at controlling pests and
               | diseases. They simply aren't economical for the large
               | commercial producers and they may not be as effective
               | when those large producers subject their bees to the
               | commonly poor conditions.
               | 
               | If the large scale commercial practices were really
               | better, we'd see it in the survival rates. But the
               | numbers don't support that.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | Nonsense, every word.
               | 
               | Commercial beekeepers aggressively manage for varroa and
               | other diseases, if they didn't the resulting dieoffs
               | would bankrupt them. Backyard hobbyists don't have more
               | skin in the game than folks who literally pay their
               | mortgage off their hives, and they sure af don't have
               | more experience with any aspect of hive management than
               | individuals who are successfully managing hundreds if not
               | thousands of hives.
               | 
               | IPM isn't "treatment-free" beekeeping which I think we'd
               | both agree is gross neglegence. IPM techniques are also
               | rarely used effectively. Don't agree? Figure out what
               | percentage of hobby beekeepers in your area have reached
               | the level of experience/education of a journeyman
               | beekeeper. If it's 20:1 I'll kiss your ass. Regardless of
               | treatment strategy one management fuckup leading to a
               | single hive collapse absolutely sprays the surrounding
               | 2-3 mile area with diseases and parasites. Given annual
               | failure rates all beekeepers are bombing their
               | surroundings with problems, hobby beekeepers just do so
               | for their own personal amusement regardless of which
               | treatment strategy they employ, and treatment-free
               | beekeepers are way WAY worse about this than any other
               | segment of the industry.
               | 
               | Lastly, I advanced no claim that commercial practices are
               | particularly superior at keeping bees alive, although
               | they and related government ag programs are the only
               | credible sources of ongoing breeding to improve varroa
               | resistance, an effort that is vastly complicated by
               | having to geographically isolate breeding operations to
               | try to avoid cross-breeding from unmanaged populations
               | (read backyard hives).
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "Commercial beekeepers aggressively manage for varroa and
               | other diseases, if they didn't the resulting dieoffs
               | would bankrupt them."
               | 
               | Who is speaking nonsense now? Yes, they typically treat
               | for _some_ pests and disease. Those pests and diseases
               | that they generally treat for do not affect native bees.
               | Even when they do treat, they don 't have full
               | elimination and are still transmissible. You can see they
               | they still suffer about 50% colony loss like the smaller
               | producers.
               | 
               | "and they sure af don't have more experience with any
               | aspect of hive management than individuals who are
               | successfully managing hundreds if not thousands of
               | hives."
               | 
               | And the people keeping hundreds and thousands of hives
               | for commercial purposes don't have as much time to spend
               | on full inspections. If they know so much about
               | management, then they must be making intentionally poor
               | decisions on how to manage when we talk about things like
               | colony dirft and hive densities, transporting bees all
               | over the place (accelerating any existing spread), and
               | subjecting the bees to active spraying during
               | pollination.
               | 
               | "One management fuckup leading to a single hive collapse
               | absolutely sprays the surrounding 2-3 mile area with
               | diseases and parasites."
               | 
               | Have any data to back that up? You do realize that many
               | of the pests and diseases are routinely present in most
               | hives, right? That's why you need actually concentrations
               | for diagnosing things like nosema. I'd love to see an
               | example of an apiary that has _zero_ varroa too...
               | 
               | "Given annual failure rates all beekeepers are bombing
               | their surroundings with problems, hobby beekeepers just
               | do so for their own personal amusement regardless of
               | which treatment strategy they employ."
               | 
               | This makes zero sense. You claim that all beekeepers are
               | problems. But you only have a problem with small scale
               | producers because they aren't paying their mortgage with
               | it. Interesting distinction which bears no matter on the
               | end result. So it appears this conversation is moot.
               | 
               | "an effort that is vastly complicated by having to
               | geographically isolate breeding operations to try to
               | avoid cross-breeding from unmanaged populations (read
               | backyard hives)."
               | 
               | This is complete nonsense. The breeding programs rely on
               | artificial insemination. You can't control the feral bee
               | populations either, so you must do it in a lab. Most of
               | these government bodies and ag extensions have resources
               | (and requirements) for small scale beekeepers, and even
               | encourage it. Most states have mandatory licensing and
               | inspections too. Most beekeeping associations openly
               | welcome beekeepers of any size operations. It seems you
               | just have an axe to grind.
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | You need data to confirm the assertion that collapsing
               | hives spread disease? Since you're so married to whatever
               | chip you've got on your shoulder you apparently need a
               | reminder that sick bees drifting to other hives and
               | robbing out deadouts are both a thing I've appended a
               | list of follow-up reading for your benefit.
               | 
               | Martin SJ. The role of Varroa and viral pathogens in the
               | collapse of honeybee colonies: a modeling approach. J
               | Appl Ecol. 2001;38(5):1082-1093.
               | [doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00662.x] Rosenkranz P,
               | Aumeier P, Ziegelmann B. Biology and control of Varroa
               | destructor. J Invertebr Pathol. 2010;103 Suppl
               | 1:S96-S119. [doi:10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.016] Graystock P,
               | Blane EJ, McFrederick QS, Goulson D, Hughes WOH. Do
               | managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild
               | bees? Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2016;5(1):64-75.
               | [doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.12.001]
               | 
               | With that out of the way not -all- breeding programs rely
               | on artificial insemination, maybe you've heard of Mike
               | Palmer? You know, the guy that basically singlehandedly
               | mainstreamed keeping nucleus colonies as an apiary
               | management strategy? Or Randy Oliver? No? Your loss I
               | suppose.
               | 
               | Go salve your feelings somewhere else, I'm done.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "You need data to confirm the assertion that collapsing
               | hives spread disease?"
               | 
               | Nope. What I need is data backing up your claim that it's
               | a disease "bomb" for everything in a few mile area. I've
               | seen some of those papers and other like them, but they
               | do not support your hyperbolic claims. Had you claimed
               | something reasonable, then they might be what you need.
               | 
               | "With that out of the way not -all- breeding programs
               | rely on artificial insemination, maybe you've heard of
               | Mike Palmer? You know, the guy that basically
               | singlehandedly mainstreamed keeping nucleus colonies as
               | an apiary management strategy? Or Randy Oliver? No? Your
               | loss I suppose."
               | 
               | Of course I've heard of them. Both of them do promote IPM
               | and genetic strategies for varroa. They might do open air
               | breeding, but they also aren't strict about thier
               | genetics. If you get a production queen they're not
               | guaranteed to be VSH, but there's a good chance they are.
               | Any beekeeper should be evaluating their stock regardless
               | of claimed providence.
               | 
               | "Go salve your feelings somewhere else, I'm done."
               | 
               | Good, your insulting, close minded, and illogical
               | discourse does not belong on HN.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | Just a note from a random, uninformed bystander that your
               | posts are coming off as bizarrely aggressive, rude,
               | combative, and dismissive (regardless of what your intent
               | may be).
               | 
               | You may be 100% right about what you're talking about (I
               | don't know either way), but I'm not particularly inclined
               | to take you seriously based on how you're conversing. I'm
               | much more inclined to believe the person you've been
               | having back-and-forth with.
        
               | Nifty3929 wrote:
               | I wonder if it's possible for one farm to put up a
               | literal screen, a physical barrier, to keep out
               | neighboring bees. It might not have to go all the way
               | around, but maybe just block most of the major flight
               | paths from one to the next.
               | 
               | Seems like it wouldn't need to block 100%, but maybe
               | 80-90% would be a big help.
               | 
               | As someone who knows zero about this, I'm just curious if
               | something like this would be feasible.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Bees typically fly at tree top levels and have a typical
               | range of about 2.5-3 miles. This is part of why certified
               | organic honey _produced in the US_ is non-existent. The
               | USDA is working on an organic certification for honey,
               | but without being able to certify the food sources within
               | a 2.5 mile radius (the draft mentioned this as the likely
               | cutoff), it 's practically impossible in most areas.
               | 
               | However, hive spacing can have a big impact. While some
               | transmission does happen at shared flowers, the
               | transmission is very likely between hives due to worker
               | or drone drift. If you have 4 hives on a single pallet
               | (common commercial practice) you will see a lot of bees
               | returning to hives that were not their own. Increasing
               | hive spacing can reduce the number of drifting bees, and
               | possibly reduce transmission.
        
               | Modified3019 wrote:
               | Yeah, I don't give a damn about European honeybees (which
               | are imported cattle), it's the native pollinators I worry
               | about. Ironically "hooray more bees!" headlines just mean
               | more stress on natives due to disease (which isn't just
               | mites, but imported virus complexes and possibly fungi as
               | well) and sometimes even local food source depletion by
               | honeybee hives.
        
               | pvaldes wrote:
               | > I don't give a damn about European honeybees
               | 
               | Do you like to eat "American" apples?, or almonds?
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Other types of bees that are more effiecent at
               | pollination could be used, such as Mason bees. It would
               | require a little more more work to change things over and
               | there wouldn't be the benefit of honey.
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | Likely also economics, who knew?
        
         | jackfoxy wrote:
         | That which you incentivize you get more of. That which you tax
         | you get less of.
         | 
         | Or, as Charlie Munger famously remarked, _Show me the incentive
         | and I 'll show you the outcome._
        
           | gottorf wrote:
           | Yes! People, irrational and misinformed as they may be,
           | respond to incentives.
        
           | tomjakubowski wrote:
           | This is why it's important to have a robust base tax rate.
           | Plenty of headroom for incentives when they're needed
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | You could also have no "true taxes" and just print money
             | and have everyone else pay for it in inflation (tax) to
             | give handouts to incentivize what you want.
             | 
             | Right now we do both!
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Also, even further down, the large increase in almond
         | cultivation in California.
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | Florida has similar tax breaks for cattle grazing, and
         | Washington has them for managed forests.
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | Managed forests are greenwashing. The term itself is a
           | ridiculous illusion. It's like this bee article - it gives a
           | process and metric by which things are improving while
           | ignoring more general collapse that those same economic
           | processes are generating
        
             | ortusdux wrote:
             | How so?
        
               | midnitewarrior wrote:
               | idk what the previous commenter means by it, but to me, a
               | forest is more than a collection of trees that are
               | planted in a grid, ready for clearcutting in a decade or
               | so. A forest is an entire ecosystem that takes decades to
               | build without the disruption of human intervention. Some
               | of these "managed forests" are little more than tree
               | farms, lacking the wildlife and diversity that comes with
               | natural forests. Monoculture tree farming does not create
               | a diverse ecosystem and the benefits that come from that.
        
               | wahnfrieden wrote:
               | Yes though it's forgiving to say that it does not create
               | benefits instead of that it destroys those needs without
               | making up for them
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | It depends on what you're trying to do - some of those
               | tax breaks are because the land is taxed "as if it grew
               | corn" normally, but if people choose to grow trees you
               | want to tax it at a lower rate, because trees are a lower
               | profit crop.
               | 
               | If you're trying to preserve actual forest, you want to
               | do something more like the land trusts that have come
               | into existence (which already exclude the land from taxes
               | usually anyway).
        
       | jszymborski wrote:
       | I might have missed it, but this article seems to be making the
       | common mistake of conflating native bee species with cultivated
       | bees. I'd be interested in knowing how native bee species are
       | doing, especially since my understanding is that cultivated bees
       | often compete with native bee species.
        
         | Dig1t wrote:
         | >the honeybee has been the fastest-growing livestock segment in
         | the country! And that doesn't count feral honeybees, which may
         | outnumber their captive cousins several times over.
        
           | jzimbel wrote:
           | Feral honey bees (European honey bees living in a non-
           | beekeeper-managed colony) are different from North American
           | native bees: https://bugguide.net/node/view/475348
        
           | nathanrf wrote:
           | Feral != Native. There are no honeybee species native to
           | North America; all honeybees, including the feral ones, are
           | descended from colonies imported from Europe (e.g. the
           | "Western honeybee" apis mellifera).
           | 
           | There are a lot of non-honeybee bee species native to North
           | America though, and they now face competition from feral
           | domesticated honeybees. It's unclear exactly how much impact
           | they have- some research does treat honeybees as a harmful
           | invasive species (similar to many other human-introduced
           | species).
           | 
           | Native bee species have a harder time getting good PR because
           | they don't directly work for us, even though they are
           | important pollinators for some native plants.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I think there at least used to be honey producing bee
             | species in the southern US. I believe some are extinct now
             | and others are only present in South America now.
        
               | mattmaroon wrote:
               | South America has the stingerless variety and I'm very
               | jealous.
        
               | Baeocystin wrote:
               | Mayan honeybees are native to the Yucatan, FWIW. They've
               | also spread to Cuba.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | Feral honey bees may be thriving but native bees are
           | collapsing.
        
         | bradley13 wrote:
         | This is important. Swamp the land with a monoculture of
         | disease-prone bees. _Of course_ this is going to have an impact
         | on wild species. Probably massive, but no one seems to care.
         | Rally strange.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | The last five paragraphs are about this.
        
         | poulsbohemian wrote:
         | All the research I'm hearing around North America would
         | indicate the fear about competition is overblown. Honey bees,
         | not being native, don't necessarily go after the same pollen
         | sources as native bees. Some good research out of Alberta
         | showed that native bees were for example going after native
         | plants whereas the honey bees were shown to fly farther
         | distances to find things like canola. In my own yard (hobby
         | guy, not commercial) I have at least three types of native bees
         | and I watch them cohabitate with my honey bees very similar to
         | what the research in Canada demonstrated.
        
         | aiauthoritydev2 wrote:
         | Honeybees are not native to USA only bumblebees are.
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | I suspect the US has the usual complement of solitary as well
           | as social bees. A quick search brings up plenty of results.
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | You missed it. The latter half of the article is about the
         | difference between captive honeybees and wild ones, and also
         | how the population has only increased due to aggressive
         | expansion to counter colonies dying from disease and
         | yellowjackets.
         | 
         | > Grames said the consensus holds that pollinators, like all
         | insects, are in decline -- losing probably 1 to 2 percent a
         | year.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | What if the cycle is simply due to predator/prey dynamics?
           | More captive honeybees mean more well-fed yellowjackets and
           | thus more predatory pressure on both captive and wild
           | honeybees.
           | 
           | https://www2.nau.edu/lrm22/lessons/predator_prey/predator_pr.
           | ..
        
       | WillAdams wrote:
       | When I was a kid, it was pretty normal to get stung by a bee when
       | out playing/picking dandelions/making clover chains, and just a
       | walk around one's neighborhood would have more bees covering
       | various flowers than one could easily count.
       | 
       | A local school system has an annual project where school children
       | gather insects --- bees dropped precipitously in number two
       | decades ago, and children have since been cautioned not to
       | capture any sort of stinging/biting insect (mostly out of
       | liability concerns), but it seems to only apply to wasps and
       | yellowjackets.
       | 
       | There's an article on this sort of thing:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations
        
         | com2kid wrote:
         | > When I was a kid, it was pretty normal to get stung by a bee
         | when out playing/picking dandelions/making clover chains, and
         | just a walk around one's neighborhood would have more bees
         | covering various flowers than one could easily count.
         | 
         | I bought an online pollinator friendly garden kit. $150 later
         | (and a few dead plants that didn't make it through shipping) I
         | now have an absurd number of bumble bees around.
         | 
         | Bumble bees are incredibly gentle, you can walk through entire
         | fields of them and they will just ignore you. I was actually
         | pretty worried about planting a pollinator garden while having
         | a toddler around, but it has gone surprisingly well (meaning he
         | hasn't gotten stung).
        
       | whimsicalism wrote:
       | I would be curious to see if these bee hives in Texas are mostly
       | actually extant or whether people are just claiming bee hives for
       | the tax benefit.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | In 1987 the nation lost 7 million children for similar reasons.
         | 
         |  _In 1986, when taxpayers had only to provide the names for
         | children they were claiming as exemptions, 77 million
         | dependents were listed. But then the law changed, and in
         | returns filed for 1987 only 70 million exemptions were
         | identified._
         | 
         | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-11-me-33-sto...
        
           | flutas wrote:
           | My first thought on that:
           | 
           | How many of those missing 7m were split custody cases where
           | both were claiming them. Then with the new law it's "Oh hey,
           | [parent allowed to claim tax for the child] can I have their
           | social for taxes? Whatdya mean you won't give it to me?"
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Some podcast did an "update" on Freakonomics and according
             | to them the majority of the difference could be explained
             | by double custody/double claims and people not getting SSNs
             | in time.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | 10% of all children had double custody claims? That seems
               | surprisingly high to me
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | There's an _and_ in there. SSNs weren 't automatically
               | issued at birth until relatively recently.
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | August 1987 specifically. So everyone the rule change
               | affected would have been born before. Since most people
               | got SSNs only when they started working, a good chunk of
               | these dependents likely didn't have SSNs at the time.
        
         | Salgat wrote:
         | Same here. A rich family sold a lot of land where our homes are
         | now, but kept a little private pond with a house in the back.
         | The only folks I ever see back there are either landscapers
         | cutting the grass or if the owners come out for a big party; no
         | one lives there. Curious if their agriculture exemption for
         | bees is actually legitimate.
        
       | palata wrote:
       | I can't access the article (paywall), but I hope it makes the
       | difference between wild bees and cultivated bees.
        
       | throwawayoaky wrote:
       | buttloads of honeybees everywhere around here. Hate em. Eating
       | bumble and carpenter foods, boo. Leave my white sage alone.
       | https://bugguide.net/node/view/7698
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | You like carpenter bees? They're a pain in the ass
        
           | fatnoah wrote:
           | I have a very large garden area near my patio with plants
           | that flower from Spring through Fall. I bump into the full
           | assortment of bees going for the flowers and wasps for my
           | food, but the main harassers in my yard are male carpenter
           | bees that dive bomb me and the occasional female coming out
           | of nowhere to sting me.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Depends on the location. Many times they do not compete for
         | food as the tongues of the bumble and carpenter bees are able
         | to reach nectar sources the honeybees cannot. Also many of the
         | native bees will work the flowers earlier in the day, giving
         | them a headstart on the honeybees.
        
         | JamesSwift wrote:
         | I'm a fan of the honeybees, except they keep invading my house.
         | Currently addressing a nest in our attic... Thats the 5th
         | incident in 3 years in this house, 3 of which were hives being
         | built in the home...
        
       | supposemaybe wrote:
       | You think those are bees, yeah?
       | 
       | I don't mean to cause alarm, but may I direct you to Black
       | Mirror's episode 'Hated in the Nation' for your answer.
       | 
       | EDIT: Some people cannot take a joke even if it slapped them on
       | the face. 4 downvotes. Get a life lol.
        
       | Solvency wrote:
       | our backyard in California is full of native plants, lavender,
       | fennel, and tons of other pollinator friendly plants.
       | 
       | There are quite literally hundreds of bees basically working in
       | our backyard every single day, 365 days a year. And it takes
       | almost no effort other than some basic gardening. It's
       | outrageously simple to support bees. It's comically absurd how
       | difficult the world wants to make it seem.
        
         | 97s wrote:
         | Exactly this. Thank you. I have a bee friendly yard in suburban
         | neighborhood with HOA. I keep the front streetside nice and
         | neat for the HOA, but the side yard and back yard is full of
         | clover, a plot of wildflowers, blueberries, blackberries,
         | apples, and a lot of flowers for birds and butterflies. The
         | total amount of effort and cost for all this? Maybe a few
         | hundred dollars over a few years and very minimal work. Turns
         | out that the stuff bees like are basically weeds and will
         | establish and come back with basically no effort at all. The
         | hardest part is stopping the stupid bermuda grass from
         | overtaking it.
         | 
         | I cannot wait for my wildflower plot to shoot up. This year I
         | turned over about 10m x 10m of bermuda grass and sewed a
         | southeastern wildflower mix. I left the center of it grass and
         | a path into it. I plan to go lay down and meditate in the
         | wildflower patch while the bees zoom over head.
        
         | enraged_camel wrote:
         | I mean, yes and no. If you live in a humid climate where pests
         | like roaches can breed easily, then you either have to live
         | with them, or use pesticides. In which case, say goodbye to
         | bees (and other beneficial insects).
        
           | Solvency wrote:
           | this is such a wild and perversely wrong take. living in a
           | humid climate means you have to drench your backyard in
           | pesticides? what?
        
       | subwrmodblocker wrote:
       | Because agribusiness were making up the "bee crisis" to begin
       | with.
        
         | Freebytes wrote:
         | This is one of those fairly obvious situations where you can
         | simply go outside and observe a collapse of insect populations.
         | You may be too young to remember not being able to drive
         | without windshield washer fluid due to the large number of
         | insects that would be on your windshield in a single drive from
         | place to place. Consider leaving your basement.
        
       | aksss wrote:
       | There's always a crisis you need to be ultra-worried about, even
       | if you can't do anything to fix it yourself. One day it's too few
       | honeybees, the next it's too many. It goes from being exhausting
       | to being silly, the more cycles you've seen.
        
       | daneel_w wrote:
       | A record number of honey bees, maybe? But how are all the other
       | equally (or more) important species of wild bees doing?
        
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