[HN Gopher] First-in-human implantation of bionic device to halt...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       First-in-human implantation of bionic device to halt Crohn's
       disease (2023)
        
       Author : deluxeroyale
       Score  : 215 points
       Date   : 2024-04-01 06:43 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (florey.edu.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (florey.edu.au)
        
       | pazimzadeh wrote:
       | This paper seems to describe the general strategy:
       | 
       | Neuronal regulation of the gut immune system and neuromodulation
       | for treating inflammatory bowel disease
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8565205/
       | 
       | It would be incredible if it works, since it would avoid
       | treatment with systemic immunosuppresives which can promote
       | infection/cancer. However maybe there is still a local risk of
       | the above?
       | 
       | I would also be concerned about the implant getting covered in
       | nasty biofilms over time.
       | 
       | If this type of thing works, does that mean that medication that
       | target the nerves might work against inflammatory disease?
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | I think most of these claims are BS, but I've met several
         | people who have claimed to heal their own inflammatory diseases
         | through non-medical practice to help regulate their vagus
         | nerve. I know for me, these types of practices seem to help
         | manage my symptoms. So maybe there is some connection.
        
           | pazimzadeh wrote:
           | What claims are BS. What did your friends do wrt their vagal
           | nerve
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | That's wishful thinking. Please don't go off your IBD meds or
           | you will regret it some day.
        
           | fao_ wrote:
           | The vagus nerve sits inside the collarbone right next to the
           | carotid artery. As a doctor told me once, if you're able to
           | physically stimulate your vagus nerve, you need to get to A&E
           | posthaste, lol
        
             | jdadj wrote:
             | Look up vagal maneuvers. Used by a subset of tachycardia
             | patients to reset to a typical heartbeat.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagal_maneuver
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | What's A&E? Googling only shows the cable network
        
               | firejake308 wrote:
               | Accidents & Emergency is what the Brits call the
               | Emergency Room
        
               | JohnVideogames wrote:
               | "Accident & Emergency" - you may know it as the Emergency
               | Room, but it's commonly called A&E in the UK
        
               | astura wrote:
               | British for "emergency room."
        
           | firejake308 wrote:
           | That makes more sense for IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) than
           | it does for IBD (inflammatory bowel disease). IBS is caused
           | by the gut-brain nervous system acting up due to stress, and
           | vagal maneuvers forcibly turn off the fight-or-flight
           | response from the nervous system. On the other hand, IBD is
           | caused by your immune system attacking itself in the gut, and
           | the T cells aren't really connected to the nervous system in
           | any physiologically relevant way. So your friends were
           | _probably_ talking about IBS, not IBD.
        
         | trebligdivad wrote:
         | > I would also be concerned about the implant getting covered
         | in nasty biofilms over time.
         | 
         | The implant doesn't necessarily sit inside the gut though does
         | it ? Just somewhere it can ping the relevant nerve.
        
           | pazimzadeh wrote:
           | I don't have the citation for this, but I learned in a class
           | long ago that most implanted devices end up covered in
           | biofilms, it's only a matter of time. Especially if it's
           | plastic. e.g. breast implants, catheters, etc.
        
             | brnt wrote:
             | Bacterial biofilms? On implanted implants? How do they get
             | there?
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | Your bodhi is filled with bacterial and archae, if they
               | create a localized stronghold they'll form a protective
               | biofilm.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | I highly doubt that this would obviate the need for biologics,
         | but I think it would probably work very well in combination.
        
         | atombender wrote:
         | > can promote infection/cancer
         | 
         | Note that while TNF inhibitors like adalimumab (Humira) have a
         | black box cancer warning in the US, this was based on assessing
         | a small number of studies early on. We now have more than 20
         | years of studies and patient registry data, and later studies,
         | including meta-analyses, have concluded that there is no
         | additional risk of cancer with these TNF inhibitors.
         | 
         | E.g. see:
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24361468/
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2770105/
        
           | spenrose wrote:
           | A co-author of the first study is employed by Humira's maker;
           | the second study was funded by it. Doesn't mean they are
           | wrong, but it does suggest some skepticism is due.
        
             | atombender wrote:
             | Those were only the first two studies that came up on
             | PubMed. There are a number of studies that support the same
             | conclusions.
        
           | pazimzadeh wrote:
           | Yes but that's one drug, which does increase your risk of
           | infection according to your links. There are other newer
           | drugs for which we don't have 20 years of data.
           | 
           | The best thing is if we could target these drugs to only be
           | activated in areas of active inflammation.
        
             | atombender wrote:
             | Yes, we have less data on newer drugs, but TNF inhibitors
             | are currently the go-to medication for many autoimmune
             | disorders, including Crohn's and UC.
             | 
             | Infection risk is currently the case with all current
             | medications that act on the immune system. In all cases we
             | are merely suppressing some pathway where the end goal is
             | to reduce the immune response.
             | 
             | ThatMs really the best we can do until we actually identify
             | the causes, and can address that rather than "dialing down"
             | our immune systems.
        
       | rgmerk wrote:
       | I have Crohn's but am one of the lucky 20% who is in long-term
       | remission without surgery and without the more problematic drug
       | therapies - thus far!
       | 
       | But if this works as well as hoped it will bring a lot of peace
       | of mind that if I do ever need surgery, I won't be going back in
       | for more every few years.
       | 
       | Medical research is awesome, for all its inefficiencies.
        
         | epgui wrote:
         | Which drugs are you talking about? Pretty much all the
         | biologics for CD have amazingly positive safety profiles...
        
           | 6177c40f wrote:
           | All of them increase risk of cancer (EDIT: upon further
           | review, maybe not all of them? Or maybe just with combination
           | therapy?) and severe infection. Many of the biologics are
           | also quite new, and the long term effects of taking them are
           | not well understood. Plus, in some cases they don't work well
           | enough alone and so multiple drugs are required (a biologic
           | in combination with something like methotrexate or
           | azathioprine is typical), which further increases risks.
           | Anecdotally, I know of a couple people who had bizarre and
           | severe immune reactions to biologics that left doctors
           | baffled, so that's something that can also occur, apparently.
           | 
           | Also some people are just prescribed steroids like prednisone
           | for whatever reason, which has some pretty negative long term
           | effects.
        
             | jessriedel wrote:
             | At least for Ulcerative Colitis, there are safe drugs that
             | are much less effective (mesalamine) but the strong
             | effective drugs all come with long-term cancer risks
             | (prednisone, remicaid, entyvio, etc), as you say. The newer
             | drugs like entyvio are generally less risky than the older
             | ones, mostly on account of being more targeted, but the
             | risk is still significant. I imagine the situation is
             | similar for CD.
        
               | 0x00_NULL wrote:
               | Becareful with Stelara. The body reuses the same
               | inflammatory cytokine group that is the target in the
               | lungs to fight off infection. So, your lungs can't fight
               | infection very well on Stelara small issues can very
               | quickly become life threatening.
               | 
               | I got Pneumonia that turned into Sepsis in about 60
               | hours. It happened so fast that the doctors brought in an
               | addiction specialist. The only other time they've seen
               | this is when drunks pass out and aspirate on their vomit.
               | (Crohn's doesn't let me drink, so we can rule that
               | out...) After days of studies, we found the warning label
               | on Stelara about the elevated risk of lung infections. My
               | care team reached out the Janssen and confirmed it. After
               | about 4 days of IV antibiotics, I was sent home to
               | continue on oral antibiotics.
               | 
               | Still, if I die from something like this, it's still
               | worth it to take these biologics. At least I lived a much
               | better life for a while thanks them. The side effects can
               | be life threatening, but the ability to have a life is
               | worth it.
               | 
               | TLDR: On Stelara, I went from Pneumonia to Sepsis in
               | about 60 hours while taking oral antibiotics. The
               | warnings on the labels of the biologics are serious - and
               | the side effects can be life threatening.
        
             | epgui wrote:
             | I mean if you're thinking about the big picture, chronic
             | inflammation increases cancer risk even more.
             | 
             | For corticosteroids, I agree... But that's not supposed to
             | be used long term and is a bit of an emergency resort.
        
               | 6177c40f wrote:
               | Not supposed to be used long term, but sometimes they
               | are, I personally know two people who are on
               | corticosteroids long term because nothing else works.
               | You're right though, it's all a calculated risk because
               | untreated disease can be life threatening, in addition to
               | being debilitating.
        
             | pants2 wrote:
             | I had a severe anaphylactic reaction to Remicade, it was a
             | terrifying experience. The doctor had seen it a few times
             | before so apparently it's not uncommon.
        
               | wholinator2 wrote:
               | On your first injection or a little while in?
        
               | pants2 wrote:
               | It was on my second infusion. Started having trouble
               | breathing about a minute in.
        
             | spondylosaurus wrote:
             | Untreated bowel inflammation also increases your risk of
             | cancer significantly. If cancer risk is on the table either
             | way, might as well take the drugs that increase your
             | quality of life in the meantime :)
             | 
             | Plus--you have a chance of beating cancer. But a colectomy
             | is a one-way trip!
             | 
             | (Prednisone will absolutely fuck you up long-term though.
             | No cancer risk afaik, but osteoporosis risk is through the
             | roof. I've heard of UC patients who needed joint
             | replacements in their 30s from long-term steroid use...)
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > Many of the biologics are also quite new, and the long
             | term effects of taking them are not well understood.
             | 
             | It's interesting that this has become a talking point now
             | for basically any new therapy. As soon as something new and
             | promising comes out, we "don't understand the long-term
             | effects" -- but this discounts (1) the years and years of
             | research and development that go into them (2) the decades
             | of research and development that has gone into the
             | underlying platforms (3) the trials that have happened and
             | (4) the known and understood negative effects of the
             | disease being treated.
             | 
             | The FDA tends not to yolo new therapies.
             | 
             | We see this with GLP-1's all the time. They have side-
             | effects, what will happen later, etc -- as though obesity
             | doesn't have side-effects, and predispose you to every
             | disease known to man?
             | 
             | I feel like this all started during the COVID vaccine
             | hysteria, but maybe it was always there and I wasn't paying
             | attention? I feel like a decade ago when a new treatment
             | for a chronic disease came out people threw themselves at
             | it.
             | 
             | I guess maybe as a concrete follow-up question: how many
             | years would it take before you felt comfortable with it,
             | and why that number specifically? 10? 20? 30?
        
               | 6177c40f wrote:
               | I'm not trying to discourage the use of these drugs. In
               | fact, I would absolutely use them if I required them-
               | their potential benefits outweigh the risks. But I also
               | must admit that I would still feel more than a bit
               | nervous about it.
               | 
               | I also should point out that "long term effects of taking
               | them are not well understood" isn't my personal opinion
               | per se, it's something I've read in the literature about
               | these drugs, including relatively recent research (I wish
               | I had a good source that summarizes this point, but I
               | don't have one on hand). Concern about long term effects
               | is real and legitimate, and pre-dates concern about
               | COVID-19 vaccines (another instance where I believe the
               | benefit far outweighs the risk, for the record). There
               | must always be a balance between spending time testing
               | vs. getting a pharmaceutical deployed. It would be absurd
               | to imply that we're not making a tradeoff here.
        
             | pseudosudoer wrote:
             | Your statements are true, but please present this
             | information with nuance. Yes you have an increased risk of
             | cancer, but it's a small percentage and not a guarantee.
             | Untreated bowel disease is guaranteed to have side effects,
             | horrible QoL, and a much higher risk of cancer than
             | medications.
             | 
             | Prednisone is the one exception though, unless life is
             | completely unlivable or you have a significant chance of
             | death (typically from perforation) I would avoid it.
        
               | 6177c40f wrote:
               | I think that the benefit of the medication is clear, or
               | else why would anyone take it? I definitely do not want
               | to imply that I don't think the cost-benefit analysis
               | comes out in favor of taking the medication. I just
               | wanted to underscore how difficult of a situation it is
               | to have a disease that necessitates the use of these
               | drugs.
        
           | jml78 wrote:
           | My wife is on a biologic for psoriatic arthritis. We are
           | scared of the long term impacts around cancer. Within 8 years
           | of being on various biologics she was diagnosed with cancer
           | late last year in her early 40s. No family history of cancer.
           | 
           | We have no evidence biologics caused it but the fact that
           | they reduce t-cell activity, it is definitely plausible. That
           | is why all of them disclose the blanket cancer risks. She is
           | not currently cancer free but we are concerned that the next
           | one will be something with a much worse 5 year outlook
           | 
           | We would rather her not be on them but they are the best
           | thing that currently exists.
        
             | computer7050 wrote:
             | Rinvoq?
        
               | jml78 wrote:
               | That is one she has been on in the past. She has gone
               | thru about 8 trying to find one that works best for her.
               | 
               | She is currently on tremfya
        
               | computer7050 wrote:
               | Thanks for the response. I have a family member about to
               | start on Rinvoq and cancer risk is weighing on my mind as
               | well.
        
               | jml78 wrote:
               | I am probably sensitive because my mom passed away due to
               | stroke prior to my wife being on Rinvoq but that was a
               | bigger concern for me when my wife went on it. Learn to
               | identify stroke symptoms.
        
           | odyssey7 wrote:
           | If so then they are a lesson in how misleading statistics can
           | be.
        
           | purple_ferret wrote:
           | some of them you have to take with an immunomodulator to
           | suppress the possibility of antibodies, and those increase
           | the risks of lymphoma and some other stuff.
        
             | deluxeroyale wrote:
             | And the immunomodulotors(thiopurine) comes with an 2x risk
             | of skincancer and 3x lymphoma (monotherapy). anti-TNF comes
             | with an 3x associated risk of lymphoma (monotherapy).
             | Combined it's doubled (6x risk of lymphoma) Integrin
             | Receptor Antagonist are not associated with any increase of
             | cancer.
        
         | wholinator2 wrote:
         | How did you do it?
        
       | cjdell wrote:
       | I initially wrote this as a reply to a comment by "NotGMan"
       | mentioning fasting/paleo that got flagged. They could have
       | approached the subject more delicately but I believe they have a
       | point.
       | 
       | About 3 years ago I had gut issues so bad I thought I was close
       | to death. NHS couldn't see any problems and were basically
       | telling me I'd gone nuts. They refused to do any further testing.
       | 
       | After a year of suffering I tried a 7 day water-only fast and the
       | pain finally went away. I broke fast with only paleo foods and
       | stayed that way for 6 months. I gradually introduced other foods
       | after that period with the last being gluten about 2 years after
       | the initial fast. I am almost cured, however I will never abuse
       | my gut in the same way again. Less carbs, more salads...
       | 
       | This is just my personal experience of course but I have
       | discovered so many other people with similar gut issues who are
       | also being ignored by their doctors that you can't blame one for
       | wondering if there is a conspiracy at play.
       | 
       | I wouldn't have believed any of this a few years ago but now I
       | have serious doubts in modern medicine's ability to deal with
       | chronic health issues, especially in the gut.
       | 
       | We do eat so many more processed foods (and other things) that it
       | doesn't require that much of a stretch to the imagination that
       | diet is a part of the problem or indeed the root cause.
       | 
       | Lack of openmindedness bothers me immensely and the nature of
       | human biology is under no obligation to fit into tidy boxes for
       | the sake of our understanding. The real world is fuzzy.
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | Decades ago, about 30% of the people who had celiac disease
         | would waste away and die, especially children. Until a doctor
         | noticed that if the people ate 12 bananas a day they seemed to
         | do better. Of course, 12 bananas a day is a kooky diet, but
         | people who eat 12 bananas a day tend to eat less of everything
         | else, including less bread and gluten and so they would do
         | better. Later science figured out bread was a problem and then
         | eventually identified the specific protein (gluten) that
         | effects people with celiac disease.
         | 
         | I think there are other foods that bother different people, but
         | we haven't managed pin down exactly which foods bother which
         | people. It's a hard problem, but surely there are other cases
         | of "if you just avoid this specific food ingredient, you will
         | recover", just like celiac disease.
         | 
         | So, on the one hand, sharing advice about which diets worked
         | and didn't work can be helpful (like the 12 bananas a day
         | diet). On the other hand, "I tried an unusual diet, which also
         | happens to have a good amount of marketing behind it, and
         | things are better" is one of the most common bits of advice
         | you'll find for many diseases, and the problem is everyone
         | recommends a different diet.
         | 
         | A relative of mine has Chrons disease and was close to death
         | before it was diagnosed, the doctors recommended a junk food
         | diet basically, high calorie foods with almost no fiber, and
         | that's how he eats now and is doing much better. I don't
         | recommend everyone follow the same diet, but for whatever it's
         | worth, eating junk food has helped my relative, true story.
         | 
         | And this is what I mean, there's so much conflicting advice
         | about which diet to try. I can't fault people for trying
         | different diets, because I believe there are many unknown
         | disease, like celiac disease, which can be treated with an
         | exact (but as of yet unknown) diet. I also don't fault people
         | for giving up and not enthusiastically trying every diet-of-
         | the-week that gets suggested, it's tiring. Also, it's notable
         | that the diets with the most marketing tend to be the ones most
         | recommended.
        
           | cjdell wrote:
           | Thank you for taking the time to reply and not just
           | downvoting me. That is enlightening and I'm glad your
           | relative is in better health now.
           | 
           | I'm certainly not suggesting there is a single treatment plan
           | that'll work for everyone. As I said biology is fuzzy and it
           | annoys me when people try to debug health issues like they
           | were pieces of software. Discussing these things openly does
           | help however.
        
             | ibash wrote:
             | I have chrohns. The diet change recommendation is something
             | we hear often.
             | 
             | For me my doctor recommends a mediterranean diet and to
             | avoid emulsifiers, but it's definitely not a cure and not
             | universal.
             | 
             | If you go look at chrohns forums you'll see a lot of
             | experimenting and a lot of different diets because (to my
             | understanding) chrohns has a lot of different and unknown
             | causes.
             | 
             | For me high fiber foods can put me out of commission for
             | the next day, for others it's the opposite.
        
               | wholinator2 wrote:
               | Yeah, there was a vegan girl once who heard i ha Crohns'
               | and just would not stop telling me to go vegan.
               | Apparently it had helped her IBD but she seemed incapable
               | of believing that i had tried all that and that eggs and
               | meat were the best diet for me. High protein, high
               | calorie. I'll eat vegetables with make but always well
               | done. If i ate vegan I'd probably be dead in 2 weeks.
        
           | yterdy wrote:
           | Taking this tangent and riding it: it's well-known that
           | undiagnosed celiac disease in children stunts growth. After
           | diagnosis and transition to a gluten-free diet, there is
           | usually a period of catch-up growth (which unfortunately does
           | not close the gap fully, usually). If there are a bunch of
           | these silent sources of malnutrition, it could - alongside
           | things like poor perinatal care for mothers and children, as
           | well as the various sequelae of America's high level of
           | economic inequality among developed nations - be one piece of
           | the puzzle for why the adult height of Americans has stalled
           | when compared to Europe (which would be an empirical finding
           | and not just gussied-up scientific racism).
        
           | SirMaster wrote:
           | >I think there are other foods that bother different people,
           | but we haven't managed pin down exactly which foods bother
           | which people. It's a hard problem
           | 
           | Sounds like a job for a neural net. If people would log all
           | what they eat and how they feel. If the neural net had access
           | to all the components of the foods they are inputting, surely
           | with enough data a pattern would emerge of what common
           | component in what they eat is correlated with worse symptoms.
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | Not that easy. I have sibo and depending on what I eat and
             | how I eat it, it changes the effects it has on me. Also the
             | amount and frequency. For example, if I have raisins at the
             | start of my meal then I don't see issues, but if I have
             | them at the end of my meal then I do. If I have it here and
             | there then no issues, but if I have it a few meals in a row
             | then it'll give me issues.
             | 
             | And raisins affect me within 20min, but if I were to face
             | something like potatoes or tomatoes then it doesn't give me
             | issues until hours later (after my next meal or even the
             | next day).
        
               | cjdell wrote:
               | You may benefit from speaking to a nutritional therapist.
               | You _might_ have a biofilm problem at specific points
               | along your digestive tract but I would let them make that
               | determination and come up with a personalised treatment
               | plan. Nutritional therapy is about  "eating yourself
               | well" and you might be surprised how effective it is.
               | Good luck!
        
             | tonnydourado wrote:
             | > If people would log all what they eat and how they feel.
             | 
             | Dietary data is one of the hardest things to collect.
             | Either you need to hospitalize people and control their
             | whole diet, and your sample size is small, because of
             | costs, or you need to rely on self reporting, and your data
             | is unreliable.
             | 
             | Basically, much easier said than done.
        
             | ijustlovemath wrote:
             | Biological systems are highly nonlinear and time-dependent,
             | and also very individual! People have been trying learning
             | techniques in glucose control since the early 2000s, and
             | have only seen limited success in very controlled
             | scenarios. I think a simple neural net would fall short of
             | catching all that complexity, at least using the current
             | architectures
        
               | Buttons840 wrote:
               | Yes. I have celiac disease and I know people report
               | following a strict gluten free diet for a whole year or
               | more before they start to feel better. For me, I never
               | did _feel_ better, but blood tests show that certain
               | celiac-related antibodies have returned to normal levels.
               | 
               | That's a very delayed and weak signal.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | People won't log all the food they eat, but supermarkets
             | actually have data on what food people _buy_.
             | 
             | So correlating that data with people's health could be very
             | interesting!
             | 
             | I don't think that has much chance getting past an IRB
             | though.
        
               | ijustlovemath wrote:
               | Youd have to somehow control for waste and individual
               | consumption within a household, which would be very
               | difficult!
        
               | olyjohn wrote:
               | God forbid we use the data to do something good. But for
               | marketing? Yeah no problem.
        
           | CWuestefeld wrote:
           | _I don 't recommend everyone follow the same diet, but for
           | whatever it's worth, eating junk food has helped my relative,
           | true story._
           | 
           | Crohn's disease affects each patient differently. Depending
           | on what part of the gut is being attacked [1], different
           | digestive processes are implicated. That will lead to
           | different kinds of foods being potentially problematic (as
           | well as leading to a need for different kinds of
           | supplementation).
           | 
           | The bottom line is: your mileage WILL vary.
           | 
           | (I've had Crohn's for nearly 45 years, since I was an
           | adolescent.)
           | 
           | [1] My doc once told me about a patient he had that was
           | affected in the throat!
           | 
           | ETA: for my personal experience, the one thing I can't eat is
           | whole-kernel corn in any non-trivial quantity. It actually
           | clogs me up. Oddly, popcorn is perfectly fine, as are corn
           | tortillas and the like. It's happened to me twice. The first
           | time I went to the ER and said I thought I had an obstructed
           | bowel, and the admitting nurse said "can't be, if that were
           | the case, you wouldn't be able to walk in yourself". I think
           | that gives some perspective about what kinds of pain you can
           | get used to. Second time it happened, I didn't bother, since
           | there turned out to be nothing the ER docs could do other
           | than monitor me. I just let it work itself out over the
           | course of a couple days.
        
             | semi-extrinsic wrote:
             | The "your mileage will vary" part is definitely true, as
             | well as the "incredible what kinds of pain you can get used
             | to". I had 30 cm of my upper intestine removed 12 years
             | ago. Doctors said it was so constricted you couldn't pass a
             | pencil through, but I was still managing to ski double
             | black diamonds two weeks before surgery.
             | 
             | When it comes to fiber in particular, I think what can
             | confuse people is the difference between water soluble
             | fibers like oatmeal, and extremely insoluble "macrofibers"
             | like raw green asparagus, leafy greens, orange pith etc.
             | The former is OK for some, the latter is no-go for everyone
             | AFAIU.
             | 
             | Another curveball is nearly underbaked dough, like you'll
             | find in a lot of commercial bread and rolls, even if it has
             | zero fiber. If you can knead it back into dough with your
             | hands, it might just form a nice lump in your gut as well.
             | 
             | I have the same thing as you with corn, and also with nuts
             | unless eaten with lots of liquids. I think it goes back to
             | the possibility of forming tough paste in the gut.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Too many doctors erroneously just go along with "If the [front
         | line] tests show nothing, it is nothing", such a shame.
        
         | loudmax wrote:
         | I do want to offer a limited defense of the medical community's
         | "lack of open-mindedness". By the nature of their job, their
         | work is inherently life risking. Most of us working in IT can
         | afford to make experiments that doctor's cannot afford. I may
         | be willing to try some unconventional approaches if the cost of
         | error is an application crash and nuisance to the end user. If
         | the cost of error is death of the user, I'm going to be far
         | more conservative.
         | 
         | When a patient dies, society will treat a doctor very
         | differently if it's perceived that the doctor was being
         | unorthodox compared to too cautious. This doesn't mean that too
         | cautious doesn't also cost lives. It's just really difficult to
         | balance when the stakes are so high.
         | 
         | Anyway, good on you for taking ownership of your own health,
         | and thank you for sharing your experience. I hope you continue
         | to get better.
        
           | abecedarius wrote:
           | I'd respect this defense of medicine if medicine had resisted
           | the U.S. dietary guidelines, which started as pseudoscience
           | chosen by politics in the 1970s. Instead of being
           | conservative about evidence and risks, the profession mostly
           | was conservative about questioning that imposed consensus.
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | I recall on an ask reddit a group of gastroenterologists were
         | answering questions. One thing that stood out was they said
         | "let your stomach rumble it's a necessary part of gut health".
         | 
         | Fasting would help initiate that, but I think so many people
         | these days never stop eating long enough for their stomach to
         | rumble.
        
           | cjdell wrote:
           | I have also read that our gut doesn't like being in constant
           | operation. Our ancestors didn't have access to food 24/7 and
           | it makes sense our bodies adapted to take advantage of this
           | by entering a self-cleaning state during long periods without
           | consumption.
        
         | pants2 wrote:
         | I'm convinced that dietary restrictions are extremely powerful
         | for treating Crohn's and similar diseases, but patient
         | adherence is so bafflingly low that the treatment may as well
         | not exist in doctors' eyes.
         | 
         | Just as an example of a more studied case, the probability that
         | an overweight person reattains normal weight through diet and
         | exercise is well under 1% [1]. Now consider that diets for
         | Crohn's (like a water fast and strict elimination diet) are
         | considerably more difficult to follow than a weight loss diet -
         | it's no wonder that diet appears to be ineffective for most
         | people.
         | 
         | After a similar experience to yours I haven't had any foods
         | with the 8 major allergens (and a few more select things) for
         | over seven years, aside from a handful of accidents early on.
         | That's not an easy diet to follow, but gets easier with time
         | and experience.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4539812/
        
           | wholinator2 wrote:
           | What are the 8 major allergens you're avoiding? Do you avoid
           | anything else?
        
             | pants2 wrote:
             | The 8 most common allergens as identified by the FD: milk,
             | eggs, fish, Crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts,
             | wheat, and soybeans. These are called out on all packaged
             | foods, which makes it easier, though I'm OK with some
             | derivatives like soy lecithin. I also avoid yeast (brewer's
             | or baker's) and a few other small things like black pepper.
             | 
             | I've been in remission for long enough that I could
             | probably start eating a lot of these things again, but I
             | have no desire to go through another Crohn's episode, so
             | I'll probably continue to avoid these foods for the next
             | 40-50 years (unless there's a miracle Crohn's cure in the
             | meantime). After that, as I understand, a weakening immune
             | system from old age makes Crohn's symptoms significantly
             | less likely or severe.
        
         | aeblyve wrote:
         | Indeed. It is difficult to have good-faith conversations about
         | this subject with others sometimes because trust in "The
         | System" (as it were) is often a core of peoples' relating to
         | society. Western medicine does have excellent treatments for
         | problems like appendicitis (in my case...), but is very much
         | lacking in the holism that prevents the issues to begin with.
         | 
         | A quote from Ray Peat:
         | 
         | >"Besides fasting, or chronic protein deficiency, the common
         | causes of hypothyroidism are excessive stress or "aerobic"
         | (i.e. anaerobic) exercise, and diets containing beans, lentils,
         | nuts, unsaturated fats (including carotene), and undercooked
         | broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and mustard greens. Many health
         | conscious people become hypothyroid with a synergistic program
         | of undercooked vegetables, legumes instead of animal proteins,
         | oils instead of butter, carotene instead of vitamin A, and
         | breathless exercise instead of stimulating life."
         | 
         | We see that health-consciousness, when lead somewhere by
         | ideology, is not in itself sufficient to make progress.
        
       | lebuffon wrote:
       | We have so many "bandaids" but very few cures these days. Perhaps
       | AI systems will allow us to find root causes of these insidious
       | diseases.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | We have so many cures that we simply forget about many diseases
         | entirely.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | Depending on how they are counted there are between 10000 and
           | 70,000 different human diseases, and treatments only exist
           | for around 500 of them. Further, the overwhelming majority of
           | these treatments are not cures, i.e. treatments that end
           | medical conditions in an individual.
        
         | spondylosaurus wrote:
         | I mean, we have a pretty decent understanding of the causes and
         | mechanisms behind Crohn's and colitis. The problem is that
         | "your immune system is going nuts" is a hard problem to solve
         | once it gets started, and the human immune system loves to go
         | nuts on a moment's notice.
        
           | wholinator2 wrote:
           | Genuinely asking, do we? Like, we might understand the
           | mechanism but do we actually understand the cause, the "why"
           | behind the mechanism? It was my understanding that there's
           | practically infinite variety in which foods cause symptoms
           | for different people, and that the specifics of each were
           | still largely unknown
        
             | spondylosaurus wrote:
             | Well, for one, foods aren't the only thing that affect
             | symptoms. And a lot of food issues are related to (1) which
             | parts of your GI tract are affected and (2) what's wrong
             | with them. People with strictures usually need to eat low-
             | fiber diets, for example, but people without structures can
             | actually benefit from some fiber.
             | 
             | The "why" is a little less clear, but it's likely a mix of
             | genetic factors and environmental/infectious triggers. Plus
             | good old-fashioned stress :)
        
         | aeblyve wrote:
         | Scientific-ideological blindness, the kind that benefits
         | General Mills et al., is a significant limiter. AI will not
         | change that, if anything, only reinforce it.
        
         | ctrw wrote:
         | We stopped people dying from easy things so now they die from
         | hard things.
        
       | hardware2win wrote:
       | Is Crohn getting more and more common recently?
        
       | Khelavaster wrote:
       | This is NOT to halt chrohn's disease. This is to reduce side
       | effects from primitive colon-removal surgery to treat Crohn'#
       | symptoms.
        
         | ibash wrote:
         | That's not my reading. One of the main symptoms of crohns is
         | inflammation that leads to scarring and then surgery to remove
         | the scarred intestine.
         | 
         | If this stops inflammation/ scarring that's a big part of it.
         | 
         | Or to put it another way: you get scarring before surgery, too.
         | The problem is that overtime there's only so much intestine you
         | can remove.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | > Australia has among the highest incidence of Crohn's disease in
       | the world
       | 
       | We really need to look at supply chain and environmental factors.
        
         | Centigonal wrote:
         | IBDs like Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis have increased in
         | incidence (controlling for better diagnosis) as countries
         | develop[1] [2]. People in developing countries have a lower
         | rate of incidence, and if they move to developed countries, the
         | incidence remains low. However, their children, born in
         | developed countries, experience the higher rate of incidence.
         | Something about being a child in a developed country increases
         | your chance of developing an IBD
         | 
         | Several theories have been proposed, including hygiene
         | hypothesis, lack of fiber in the diet, and pollution, but
         | finding causality has been hard. Worse yet, nobody knows what
         | causes these illnesses.
         | 
         | It's also interesting to note many food allergies have
         | increased in prevalence in the last 30 years - although the
         | causes for that might be different, they are both GI related
         | auto-immune conditions.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085%2811%290016...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.thelancet.com/cms/attachment/1bc07ee3-782c-4670-...
         | 
         | [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19917585/
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | It's all about the gut microbiome
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | I worked with someone at _big name university_ biomedical
       | informatics department who found out only in their early 30 's by
       | emergency health crisis that they had Crohn's. Perhaps with some
       | people it requires an emergency for there to be clinical
       | investigation, or epigenetic conditions silence some pathologies
       | until there is a specific stressor or gene activation.
       | 
       | I sure hope a CRISPR edit treatment comes along to permanently
       | cure some of the serious Crohn subtypes.
        
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