[HN Gopher] The Set-Up-to-Fail Syndrome (1998)
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       The Set-Up-to-Fail Syndrome (1998)
        
       Author : maximilianburke
       Score  : 77 points
       Date   : 2024-03-30 22:21 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hbr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hbr.org)
        
       | yamrzou wrote:
       | https://archive.is/FThP1
        
       | Loughla wrote:
       | I am always afraid that I'm doing this with my subordinates.
       | Probably to a fault.
       | 
       | So I treat everything as a learning experience. Recap anything
       | and everything that went right or wrong and talk it out. What did
       | we do well, what could have been done better. All of that.
       | 
       | The problem only comes when you run into someone who is a
       | constant victim. Any negative feedback immediately becomes
       | someone else's fault. Any perceived injustice is immediately a
       | huge deal.
       | 
       | I do not know how to work with that type of person. If they do
       | not see their faults, either professional or personal, it's hard
       | for me to help. Any suggestions?
        
         | itopaloglu83 wrote:
         | I believe Sun Tzu demonstrated it with 180 concubines.
         | 
         | He first explains the process. Takes the blame on himself if
         | the instructions were not clear. When the failure continues, he
         | warns. And if it continues again, he punishes.
         | 
         | https://titusng.com/2013/03/04/the-test-of-sun-tzus-art-of-w...
        
           | rrr_oh_man wrote:
           | "Behead middle management"
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | I was always suspicious of all the 4-factor personality tests I
         | was exposed to in the corporate world because it seemed to me
         | they were glossy but not very helpful.
         | 
         | Then I found out about OCEAN and realized the 4 factor tests
         | were always avoiding the only one that mattered: Neuroticism.
         | 
         | (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness,
         | Neuroticism)
         | 
         | https://www.thelifedoctor.org/the-narcissist-s-prayer
         | 
         | While it is unlikely that the uncoachable are full blown
         | narcissists, those employees probably need a lot of counseling
         | to overcome whatever life experiences that taught them
         | corrective feedback is a personal attack.
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | The jump from Neuroticism to Narcissist confused me.
           | 
           | I'm a bit wary of anything touching on narcissism, there was
           | a big jump in people who loved talking about their narcissist
           | ex the past 2-3 years. (the cousins of body language doctors
           | via true crime YouTube)
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | > The jump from Neuroticism to Narcissist confused me.
             | 
             | Me too
             | 
             | > I'm a bit wary of anything touching on narcissism, there
             | was a big jump in people who loved talking about their
             | narcissist ex the past 2-3 years.
             | 
             | The term narcissist maybe overused, but a lot of us also
             | learned to recognise it in recent years. It is a fairly
             | common behaviour, and people can have narcissistic traits
             | without having clinical NPD. Just because some people claim
             | their ex was narcissistic without adequate justification,
             | that does not mean there are not also many who are right
             | when they say it.
             | 
             | I think being forced into being confined with people during
             | lockdowns also made people realise what they were putting
             | up with. Because it is so different from how reasonable
             | people behave, and it is associated with abusive behaviour,
             | it can be hard to figure out what is going on.
             | 
             | A bigger problem IMO is the overuse of "gaslighting" which
             | dilutes its meaning and makes it harder to clearly describe
             | the actual behaviour.
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | > a lot of us also learned to recognise it in recent
               | years
               | 
               | [Citation Needed]
               | 
               | What triggered this large-scale awakening?
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | Weird that you'd say neuroticism is the "only one that
           | mattered". I'm more inclined to believe that for
           | conscientiousness. I gather it's strongly correlated with
           | life outcomes.
        
           | riehwvfbk wrote:
           | Many neurotic people know they (we) are neurotic and are
           | working on it (getting counseling, meditating, etc). However,
           | there is a genetic component to it, and despite their best
           | efforts to manage the traits they will always more neurotic
           | than the average bear.
           | 
           | But what's truly ironic is that some of this neuroticism is
           | justified: we are in fact perceived negatively and
           | organizations are in fact trying not to hire or get rid of
           | us. And so our employment is only as good as our ability to
           | mask. Which, as you might imagine, does not make it easier to
           | not be neurotic.
        
             | caseyy wrote:
             | It seems to me like neuroticism isn't fixed in people.
             | Perhaps there are genetic predispositions, but it seems to
             | me like it can be learned at certain stages in life, and
             | later unlearned as a set of behaviors.
        
               | riehwvfbk wrote:
               | Yes, therapy helps tremendously. Just as with everything,
               | there is a base system and then a set of overrides
               | programmed in the brain, which is why we can override a
               | fight-or-flight response and don't scurry away from any
               | shadow like an insect does.
               | 
               | However, there is research to suggest that neurotic
               | people have more active amygdala than average. So yes, we
               | can override our panic, and yes, we can learn to do it
               | better, but there is a gotcha: all these overrides tend
               | to fail at the most inopportune moment. And that is when
               | already overwhelmed by stress.
        
         | arbitrage wrote:
         | Do you talk with them, or talk at them? Are you the only one
         | giving feedback? What feedback do you get from the employee
         | you've been failing to connect with?
        
         | thereisnospork wrote:
         | An opinion: I would say that they are what they are, and that
         | people need to want to be helped. To me that would be someone
         | to delegate work to that is clearly within their competencies
         | but which is not 'growth work' that would requisite [negative]
         | feedback. The question then becomes whether or not they remain
         | an asset under those limitations.
         | 
         | If they are not an asset to the team/company, then I would be
         | inclined to proceed down the 'improve or else' path, starting
         | of course with informal but frank conversations / formal
         | reviews about the specific shortcomings, with specific examples
         | and specific ways similar situations should be handled in the
         | future[0].
         | 
         | Otherwise it gets muddier, because there is conflicting
         | interest between a 'happy' status quo where his/her growth is
         | going to be kneecapped vs. potentially demoralizing them trying
         | to force them to grow. Imo all you can really do there is be
         | upfront at 1-on-1's and formal reviews.
         | 
         | A final point is that this behavior is not likely lost on the
         | rest of the team: regardless of how the 'offender' is handled
         | it is important to not let things fester. I've been part of
         | more than one group where morale was wrecked because management
         | was too concerned with being 'nice' to move on from problematic
         | persons.
         | 
         | [0]Specifics are key here, not just for them but for you: if
         | you can't distill down the desired corrections into actionables
         | your subordinates aren't going to be able to either.
        
           | caseyy wrote:
           | Could be risky to put a person known for victimizing
           | themselves on the spot. That can even blow up in ways not
           | limited to the company.
           | 
           | I do agree with the sentiment of addressing things head-on,
           | but these employees can be very delicate. This is the only
           | type of employee I handle with kid gloves.
        
         | caseyy wrote:
         | I've learned to deal with this kind of employee. The root cause
         | is often insecurity so that's what needs to be dealt with.
         | Everything else may be a red herring.
         | 
         | 1. Active listen to everything they say, even if it's their
         | unique perception of things. Do not challenge them, repeat what
         | they said sometimes to make them feel smart, laugh at all the
         | jokes, make them feel heard. You can acknowledge what they say
         | and still not agree with them. Say "that must feel hard", "that
         | sounds disappointing", "I can see you're putting in a lot of
         | effort" -- acknowledge the feelings and generally true things
         | (most people put effort into their work), not the minute facts
         | if you think they could be wrong.
         | 
         | 2. Give them a lot of praise and thanks, but be genuine. Don't
         | make up praise, just turn up the positive feedback and turn
         | down the negative. Basically, give this person 10% of the most
         | important negative feedback only and 90% of the most important
         | positive feedback.
         | 
         | 3. Give them autonomy and trust. Take them off the critical
         | path so they don't have any real deadlines if you are worried
         | about their performance, there is always backlog. Give them a
         | simple project and trust them completely with the execution.
         | Have 1:1s sometimes to give very very gentle guidance - "what
         | do you think about X?" "What are some alternatives to Y?" "I
         | read this article about Z, why don't you have a look?"
         | 
         | 4. Be friendly to them. Communicate a lot and informally, don't
         | be formal or involve many people in the communication. Focus on
         | the frequency of the communication. There are some other tips
         | in a book about building professional friendships called The
         | Like Switch.
         | 
         | 5. Increase bus factor, these people sometimes still leave
         | unexpectedly. Someone might say something about them publicly
         | or privately, or there will be some perceived slight against
         | them and they will feel victimized.
         | 
         | 6. Over time, you can gradually bring such a person back to the
         | critical path and show them "the way" of being secure in the
         | workplace by example.
         | 
         | 7. Don't talk negatively about this person behind their back,
         | even if you usually share your work frustrations with work
         | friends and even the small stuff ("X never washes his mug in
         | the sink, I'm constantly washing up after him" -- not even
         | benign remarks like that). If it comes out, that will undo all
         | of your hard work building up this employee. If it doesn't, but
         | other people learn about this person's traits, then they might
         | say something and that could turn into a significant problem,
         | even leading to this person leaving because of a perceived
         | slight.
         | 
         | Also, protect yourself. Speak to your own manager (but only
         | them) about this person candidly when you are asked. Say that
         | they tend to view themselves as a victim and they're not very
         | responsive to feedback, but that you are taking steps A, B, C
         | and D, and that hopefully you're seeing progress, like that
         | they are less timid with you, they have fewer conflicts in the
         | team, etc. Such a person may go to your manager and stir things
         | up if they feel like they're victimized by you. While it may be
         | true that this person is victimized by basically everyone from
         | time to time, some headaches can still come to you. So make
         | sure your manager can back you up. The truth and a little bit
         | of time is the best antidote to this type of person if they
         | mean harm to you.
         | 
         | Anyways, they are not bad people, they just slipped into the
         | victim mentality or maybe were raised that way. You can help
         | them rebuild their self-esteem and stop seeing themselves as a
         | victim if you must or want to. It's probably the most
         | challenging employee to manage though, so expect turbulence.
         | But sometimes we don't choose who we manage, and also, this
         | person probably has many other great qualities which may make
         | them very successful if they can overcome the victimhood.
         | 
         | This works in my own practice, but it's definitely a delicate
         | situation.
        
           | brilee wrote:
           | Sounds like a lot of emotional labor with major opportunity
           | costs...
           | 
           | https://charity.wtf/2023/06/19/helicopter-management/
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | You don't have to take on the task all the time but it's
             | very nice that someone took the time to lay out all their
             | knowledge in a comment, seems like very good, experienced
             | advice.
        
         | GoToRO wrote:
         | Why do you care so much about their faults? How do you know
         | those are really faults, maybe it's just your own perception?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | As a manager, your responsibility is to make something work
           | by managing the people assigned to it.
           | 
           | If the situation isn't working, either the thing itself needs
           | to change (rarely possible in many situations), or the person
           | needs to change, or there needs to be a different person
           | there.
           | 
           | It is a fault at that point, even if it's just a personal
           | difference and entirely reasonable for them to be doing
           | whatever it is they are doing. Regardless, it still isn't
           | working.
           | 
           | And at the end of the day, the managers perceptions (and
           | their superiors perceptions) are what matters. It's literally
           | why they are there, and their job.
           | 
           | Is it fair? Often, no it is not.
           | 
           | Is it life? Yes.
        
             | GoToRO wrote:
             | If only their perception matters, then they should put it
             | in the job ad. But no, they prefer to lie: we are a team,
             | we want the best, we are a meritocracy. That's the problem.
             | They should look in the mirror more often because no IC can
             | bankrupt a company, but a couple managers will.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | What does any of that have to do with what I said?
               | 
               | Only one person on the team has the ability to fire
               | anyone. Everyone can quit.
               | 
               | So, when push comes to shove who's perception of if
               | things are working matters?
               | 
               | If the other party quit, there is no shove or pushing.
               | 
               | All of that is the same at any and every company (barring
               | union rules or other contracts), no need to put it in the
               | ad.
               | 
               | And yes, ultimately every company gets what the
               | consequences of its actions results in - and managers are
               | agents of the company.
               | 
               | The hardest part is often those consequences are a lot
               | more pleasant for them then it is for labor/employees.
               | That is also life.
        
       | magpi3 wrote:
       | The same phenomenon exists in teaching. When I student is
       | failing, a teacher constantly has to challenge themselves whether
       | or not the failure lies with their approach. I think students are
       | set up to fail all the time.
       | 
       | But with 60+ students, this self-examination can be exhausting.
       | 
       | And if you begin to micro-manage/criticize students, you risk
       | them making them feel stupid. I have found that you have to do
       | the opposite: you have to give them more freedom, more personal
       | responsibility, and you have to challenge them to succeed. They
       | have to own it. They have to have the agency to figure things out
       | and ask questions. It's the only solution. You can't coddle
       | someone to success.
       | 
       | Of course if this fails, I look like a shitty teacher. Teaching
       | is hard. Managing is hard too, I am sure.
       | 
       | I teach middle-school students to be clear. At certain ages, yes
       | students need a lot of structure and they can't figure things out
       | themselves.
        
         | 4wsn wrote:
         | > You can't coddle someone to success.
         | 
         | The most succinct way I've heard this massive cultural problem
         | explained.
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | As a young person I had a job at a computer repair shop. I might
       | have been 19 years old. They did a 1 day working interview. I
       | impressed them heavily with 10 repairs in the day, all of them
       | solid and billable. They hired me. I was alarmed when they also
       | hired a guy that blew up a customer's motherboard by plugging in
       | the PSU cables incorrectly (This was the in the mid 90's).
       | 
       | It went downhill from there. I became the target of a lot of
       | bullying and harassment from the alpha jackass, leader of the
       | coked up jackasses that worked there, and eventually he gave me a
       | degrading nickname that implied that everything I touched broke.
       | 
       | I was constantly stressed out, felt like the worst employee in
       | the world (at that age I didn't know I was the victim at this
       | point) and this self-fulfilling prophecy just made things worse.
       | Suddenly I'd become bad at my job. I couldn't fix 5 computers a
       | day, and they often came back with problems.
       | 
       | Was this issue _me_? No. the issue was a highly toxic workplace
       | where I was berated for my successes ( "Oh look, he fixed one,
       | must be a F****n miracle") and expected to fail.
       | 
       | I'd have quit, but I needed the work. The manager, a lowlife
       | cokehead and strip club aficionado, mercy fired me 2 months in.
       | He saw the problem but didn't care to fix it. Of course, I was
       | better off. They were a crooked shop to begin with and my
       | reputation was at risk for having worked there even 2 months.
       | 
       | Many years later I am a well respected manager who _never_ treats
       | employees like this. I am well aware that if my employee is
       | failing _me_ , then in some way I am failing _them_. I work on
       | the relationship with the employee as much as I work on the
       | issue. I encourage their successes, help them work through any
       | issues, and show confidence in them until they start showing
       | confidence in themselves.
       | 
       | I can honestly say this approach has worked wonders, and I've
       | seen huge HUGE turnarounds in employees who thought they could
       | never make it. Now they're rock stars.
        
         | namaria wrote:
         | Sometimes a crash course on how not to do things is a most
         | effective form of education...
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | Definitely not in this case.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > I am well aware that if my employee is failing _me_ , then in
         | some way I am failing _them_.
         | 
         | I have had to fire people over the years, of course, but
         | whenever it gets that far I feel terrible that it got to that
         | point, that how this person was managed is a failure for the
         | company _and_ the departing employee. I hope it's obvious that
         | none of this is expressed to the person being fired -- they are
         | miserable enough about their situation and don't care about the
         | company any more, if they ever did.
         | 
         | Always there is a post mortem: did we hire the wrong person --
         | if so what could we have done better? As for the management --
         | again, what could we have done better?
         | 
         | BTW I'm sorry you had to deal with that horrible experience. At
         | least it was only two months.
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | I was a rockstar at each of my previous employers except the
           | last one, and consider myself lucky to have had the
           | opportunity to quit before being fired. So naturally, during
           | my exit interview I had only positive things to say about the
           | experience but it was by far the most restrictive and toxic
           | workplace I've worked at. How was it toxic? A general lack of
           | respect, or interest, for people's time and ability/talent
           | which was made clear through various policies and the
           | behavior of a few assholes.
           | 
           | You won't find the answers you need by doing a post-mortem.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | > You won't find the answers you need by doing a post-
             | mortem.
             | 
             | It's really the only opportunity since if you had the
             | answers beforehand perhaps the person would not have been
             | "let go".
             | 
             | If your point is that post mortems aren't that great, I
             | agree. It's like debugging a crash dump rather than a live
             | process. But sometimes the core dump is all you have.
        
         | jahewson wrote:
         | > I couldn't fix 5 computers a day, and they often came back
         | with problems.
         | 
         | Totally possible they were sabotaging your work. Good riddance!
        
       | winwang wrote:
       | > Boss and subordinate typically settle into a routine that is
       | not really satisfactory but, aside from periodic clashes, is
       | otherwise bearable for them.
       | 
       | This sounds like a game theoretic setup.
       | 
       | I'm annoyed that, in this scenario, the boss gets all the upside
       | of good results, and none of the downside of bad results. In such
       | a context, every IC should aim to become a manager immediately.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | This sounds like the kind of thing that happens when you make a
       | bad hire and then try to force it to work.
       | 
       | Words to live by: Hire fast, fire fast. Yep, as the article
       | mentions, that has costs. What has a much higher cost is hiring
       | the wrong person and hanging on to them, hoping to manage them
       | into a great fit.
        
       | Terretta wrote:
       | Business writing, including within HBR, has fallen farther than
       | one remembers over the past 20 years. This piece's style is
       | refreshing.
        
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