[HN Gopher] Brilliant Pebbles (2001)
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       Brilliant Pebbles (2001)
        
       Author : keepamovin
       Score  : 35 points
       Date   : 2024-03-30 12:06 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.llnl.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.llnl.gov)
        
       | keepamovin wrote:
       | Also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brilliant_Pebbles
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | It was one of Edward Teller's increasingly insane projects. He
       | could really sell crazy weapon concepts.
       | 
       | 1. Conceive brilliant and super expensive system.
       | 
       | 2. Don't think about basic countermeasures that could invalidate
       | the plan.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | Also, require multiple technologies that hadn't even reached
         | TRL 1 [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_readiness_level
        
         | jonathankoren wrote:
         | Teller really did become a nuclear quack after the Manhattan
         | Project. WRT SDI, he went to White House and told Reagan there
         | he had an X-ray laser that could destroy warheads in flight.
         | Reagan, got excited about it and encouraged Project Excalibur.
         | 
         | The laser didn't exist. Nor did Teller tell Reagan what would
         | power the laser. It's power source? A nuclear bomb.
         | 
         | That guy really wanted to put nuclear bombs _everywhere_.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Excalibur
        
           | icegreentea2 wrote:
           | Teller's work on the hydrogen bomb (after the Manhattan
           | Project) probably solidify his mind set. Immediately post
           | WW2, Teller was in the minority view of believing that
           | hydrogen bombs were feasible. But we all know how that ended
           | up.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | You can see how that would affect a person. Advocate
             | exploring a far out idea against resistance, then be
             | dramatically proved correct when an unexpected advance
             | makes the goal achievable.
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | It wasn't a goal with achieving.
        
               | philwelch wrote:
               | I disagree. Nuclear deterrence has prevented direct
               | warfare between great powers for the longest period since
               | at least the Roman Empire.
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | Nuclear deterrence was perfectly capable with fission
               | bombs
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | Who was more of a quack in that situation? Teller for
           | dreaming up sci-fi bullshit powered by nukes, or Reagan for
           | not even thinking to ask questions before buying into it?
           | 
           | I saw something interesting recently, some short propaganda
           | films in the style of news broadcasts created by the CIA
           | specifically for consumption by Reagan. Apparently the man
           | was a half-wit who disliked reading and easily mesmerized by
           | video; a typical TV-watching zombie.
           | 
           | https://www.motherjones.com/media/2015/03/ronald-reagan-
           | cia-...
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | > Apparently the man was a half-wit
             | 
             | I would say that seems to be the norm for many of our
             | presidents since then. Maybe it always has been.
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | JFK at least was reputed to be an extremely proficient
               | reader. His reported speed reading is probably somewhat
               | exaggerated but conservative estimates would have him
               | reading the script of one of those CIA brief videos in a
               | small fraction of the time it took for Reagan to watch
               | them. Being good at reading obviously isn't a sufficient
               | qualification to make somebody a good president, but I
               | think it's a necessary prerequisite.
        
               | abecedarius wrote:
               | Don't most of us read a transcript many times faster than
               | its video?
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Those of us who can bear reading in the first place at
               | least.
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | He repeatedly gave multiple speeches where he confused
             | reality with roles he played, or movies he saw. Most
             | famously, he repeated told the story of a B-17 pilot that
             | was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for staying
             | with the plane to comfort a trapped ball turret gunner
             | until it crashed.
             | 
             | This was climax of the film, "A Wing and a Prayer".
             | 
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1984/01/01/
             | w...
        
               | keepamovin wrote:
               | Your comments here are interesting so just curious what
               | do you think the solution to Geo political conflict is?
               | How does it play out in your mind?
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | I wonder whether the same problem would occur with enough
               | focus on what any one of us says?
               | 
               | If we recorded your words over a period of a few years
               | and then had thousands of people looking for errors in
               | the transcripts, what errors would be found in your
               | memory or thinking patterns?
               | 
               | It is certainly common enough to see some doozy mistakes
               | from smart people within the comments on HN.
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | Well, he did have Alzheimer's, a degenerative brain
               | disease that affects memory. And we're supposed to
               | believe that he had no symptoms of until January 21,
               | 1989.
               | 
               | As a person that had a grandmother and aunt that
               | developed it, that's... mighty suspicious.
        
             | opo wrote:
             | >...Apparently the man was a half-wit who disliked reading
             | and easily mesmerized by video; a typical TV-watching
             | zombie.
             | 
             | Your source says:
             | 
             | >...While Reagan found the videos helpful and asked for
             | more, the original idea for the televised briefings was the
             | CIA's. The president still received regular written and in-
             | person briefings, Dujmovic writes.
        
           | habosa wrote:
           | Had wacky ideas for sure but calling him a quack after the
           | Manhattan Project isn't fair. Besides his foresight on the
           | hydrogen bomb, he also was one of the first major names in
           | science to raise the alarm about climate change:
           | 
           | https://amp.theguardian.com/environment/climate-
           | consensus-97...
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | The hydrogen bomb is a quack idea though. The whole purpose
             | is just to destroy cities. It has no legitimate military
             | value. Just because it can be
             | 
             | That is why he was controversial in the post war.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | The hydrogen bomb is why the Cold War stayed cold.
               | Deterrence is a military value.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSVqLHghLpw
        
               | adonovan wrote:
               | > The whole purpose is just to destroy cities. It has no
               | legitimate military value.
               | 
               | Well, destroying cities was also the military purpose of
               | the first two atomic bombs.
        
               | jonathankoren wrote:
               | It was the largest bomb ever until then, yes. But to
               | equate a fission bomb to a fusion bomb is a disservice.
               | We're talking multiple orders of magnitude more powerful.
               | 
               | If you want to know the difference, I suggest nukemap. To
               | put it in perspective, we're talking about destroying
               | lower manhattan with the Fat Man, versus incinerating all
               | five boroughs and shattering windows in White Plains, NY.
               | I'm not talking about dick waving stunt like the Tsar
               | Bomba, I'm talking about _deployed_ weapons.
        
               | m4rtink wrote:
               | That is far too shortsighted - its a perfect propelant
               | for in space propulsion - the best we know of right now:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_prop
               | uls...
               | 
               | Also there are much more eficient ways to use a fusion
               | bomb, than destroying cities:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_shaped_charge
        
       | KineticLensman wrote:
       | > However, before program cancellation, SDIO carried out the
       | Clementine Deep Space Experiment, spectacularly demonstrating
       | Brilliant Pebbles technologies.
       | 
       | Well apart from the effectors actually required to rapidly
       | intercept and destroy incoming missiles [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The only long-term result of the incredibly expensive Star Wars
       | programs championed by Edward Teller was that other countries
       | developed systems that would defeat it - and some military-
       | industrial contractors got wealthy.
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | Apart from bringing the USSR to its financial knees you mean,
         | thereby hastening its demise and with that ending (that phase
         | of...?) the cold war?
        
           | 48864w6ui wrote:
           | If the SU was a gas station with an army, King Fahd probably
           | did far more on the financial knees front.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | The book _Eccentric Orbits_ makes the point that the Iridium
         | satellite constellation relies heavily on the basic
         | technologies which were devloped, in some fledgling form, for
         | SDI.
         | 
         | Specifically, communications satellites before that were as
         | dumb as possible, the 'bent pipe' model -- whatever goes up on
         | one frequency, comes down on another. The satellite neither
         | knew nor cared about the payload. The majority of electronics
         | were actually analog.
         | 
         | But with SDI, satellites had to communicate with each other.
         | They had significant processing on-board. They made their own
         | in-space mesh network, though that term wouldn't be used until
         | later. They had to cope with possible loss of a satellite and
         | keep the data flowing between the others.
         | 
         | That's exactly the fundamental concept behind Iridium and
         | several more constellations since, Starlink perhaps most
         | familiar to the most HN readers.
         | 
         | Motorola did a lot of the dev work for SDI, and after the
         | project was scrapped, Motorola went on to build Iridium. Brooks
         | argues in the book that the fundamental R&D for Iridium
         | wouldn't have been practical without the groundwork laid, and
         | paid for, by SDI.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | >That's exactly the fundamental concept behind Iridium and
           | several more constellations since, Starlink perhaps most
           | familiar to the most HN readers.
           | 
           | This isn't at all a fundamental concept special to space.
           | This happens all over the ground (smart networks tolerant to
           | faults). Routing protocols, packet switching, multiplexing,
           | link layer authentication, etc were all before SDI.
           | 
           | Any special sauce for iridium or Starlink has nothing to do
           | with the nodes being active routers.
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | That's how all communication satellites since the 60's have
           | worked.
        
       | inejge wrote:
       | The same Lowell Wood whose group dreamed up the Brilliant Pebbles
       | concept later came up with a return-to-the-Moon/Mars exploration
       | scheme using some zany technology, including inflatable
       | spacecraft, which the critics proceeded to name "Brilliant
       | Condoms".
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Was that the scheme that used the rocket engine with piston
         | pumps?
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | An excellent bit of trivia!
         | 
         | As if spacecraft particulary Rocketships weren't phallic enough
         | already
        
       | paulsutter wrote:
       | Below shows the shortsightedness of government programs. They
       | decided almost 40 years ago that the technologies were "not
       | remotely ready for use", and stopped working on them
       | 
       | Obviously we should have started anyway, and by now we'd be 40
       | years further along. But apparently they can only think in
       | election cycles (quote from the Wikipedia article on Brilliant
       | Pebbles)
       | 
       | > Teller and Wood initially proposed their own BMD system,
       | Project Excalibur. This used an X-ray laser driven by a nuclear
       | warhead that could attack dozens of ICBMs at once. In 1986,
       | Excalibur failed several critical tests. Soon after, the American
       | Physical Society published a report stating that none of the
       | directed-energy weapons being studied by SDI were remotely ready
       | for use.
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | Sometimes I wonder how much stuff was actually air quotes
         | stopped working on, and how much stuff simply went black and
         | became a classified program that's not released.
         | 
         | Or a waived bigoted special access program that effectively
         | doesn't have congressional oversight. or even the corporate
         | side of those programs that doesn't even have government
         | oversight necessarily.
        
         | sillystuff wrote:
         | Careful what you wish for. Missile defense is going to be
         | viewed as an offensive weapon by any adversaries (and probably
         | most/all of the folks pushing for it domestically as well).
         | 
         | If you can destroy most of your target's counter-strike,
         | deterrence against starting a nuclear war from mutually assured
         | destruction is no longer a consideration. With an effective
         | missile "defense" the US can first-strike nuke whomever they
         | please with "acceptable" consequences for those in power
         | (hiding in their bunkers). We have had presidents since Reagan
         | who have lamented that they couldn't use our nukes.
        
         | jcrawfordor wrote:
         | I wouldn't characterize the history that way.
         | 
         | First, there are multiple reasons that SDI was not pursued,
         | beyond concerns around its feasibility. Most notably, bilateral
         | agreements were signed with the Soviet Union to cease
         | development of ballistic missile defense technology. Those
         | agreements held until only very recently, and they seem to have
         | been effective in mitigating the worst of the Cold War by both
         | preserving the status quo around nuclear deterrence and heading
         | off another extremely expensive large-scale development
         | program. Both the US and the USSR agreed to only field two BMD
         | systems and actually fielded only one at most during the Cold
         | War; SDI just didn't fit into the political/military climate of
         | the time and there were good reasons not to push that envelope.
         | 
         | Besides, the extreme cost of SDI meant that there was
         | _enormous_ opportunity cost. One of the criticisms of SDI is
         | that it was such a sink of money and political capital that it
         | delayed the development of other approaches to missile defense
         | and broader nuclear security.
         | 
         | Second, BMD efforts in no way stopped cold after the failure of
         | SDI. SDI survives to the present day, after a couple of
         | renamings as the Missile Defense Agency. MDA continued to
         | develop many of the more practical aspects of SDI and these
         | serve as the basis of BMD countermeasures today. The problem of
         | BMD is very challenging considering adversarial countermeasures
         | and even modern systems show poor efficacy, but that's not to
         | say that MDA efforts haven't produced outcomes. Major
         | improvements in fire control technology came out of the
         | program, perhaps most significantly the development of phased-
         | array and electronically scanned radar, and attendant broad
         | improvements in microwave electronics.
        
       | alexjplant wrote:
       | And here I thought this was going to about the hi-fi snake oil
       | "Brilliant Pebbles" [1]. Interesting to know that the guy selling
       | these named them after a government program.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20070929015257/https://machinady...
        
       | some1else wrote:
       | In December 2022, SpaceX announced Starshield[1], a separate
       | Starlink service designed for government entities and military
       | agencies.
       | 
       | [1] https://spacenews.com/with-starshield-spacex-readies-for-
       | bat...
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Starshield won't be used directly for missile defense.
        
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