[HN Gopher] Ethereum has blobs. Where do we go from here?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ethereum has blobs. Where do we go from here?
        
       Author : bpierre
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2024-03-28 15:41 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (vitalik.eth.limo)
 (TXT) w3m dump (vitalik.eth.limo)
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | > proto-danksharding
       | 
       | Points for unique naming
        
         | ruuda wrote:
         | I used to think it had something to do with dank memes, but I
         | recently learned it's named after Ethereum researcher Dankrad
         | Feist who came up with the idea.
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | Dank, rad and feist?
           | 
           | What a name!
        
             | somedude895 wrote:
             | There's a security researcher who calls herself Isis Agora
             | Lovecruft and I'm pretty sure it's not her real name. I
             | thought it might be the same with this guy, but Dankrad
             | seems to be an actual German name meaning something like
             | "thanks for the advice"
        
               | losvedir wrote:
               | And of course there's security researcher, Signal crypto
               | designer, and former HN commenter, Moxie Marlinspike!
        
               | Hendrikto wrote:
               | As a German, I have never heard that name, but your
               | translation is about correct.
               | 
               | "Rat" as in "advice" is spelled with a T, but the name
               | might be older than that spelling.
        
               | somedude895 wrote:
               | I found it here:
               | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankred_(Vorname)
               | 
               | Apparently the name Tanqueray, like the gin brand, is
               | related.
               | 
               | Names are fun!
        
               | twic wrote:
               | Oh, so Tancred in English:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | I dunno, seems like a plausible trans person name, since
               | we get to pick our own. Also, their twitter profile
               | currently indicates that they use they/them pronouns, not
               | she/her.
        
           | twic wrote:
           | I believe he developed the idea with another researcher,
           | Diederik Loerakker, aka Protolambda, who contributed the
           | other part of the name:
           | 
           | https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/danksharding/
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Also for transparency: I like how Ethereum doesn't even attempt
         | trying to make any of this appear accessible to curious
         | outsiders.
        
           | ElevenLathe wrote:
           | Still less baffling than urbit!
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | Ethereum actually has _excellent_ documentation... it 's just
           | that there's a mindboggling amount of it. Apparently it's
           | quite complicated to make a worldwide trustlessly distributed
           | computer that runs on imaginary money which nonetheless needs
           | to be secure.
        
           | pyaamb wrote:
           | if you enjoy learning from video, finematics is a great
           | resource: https://www.youtube.com/@Finematics/videos
        
       | orthecreedence wrote:
       | I'm so out of the loop these days...I've written off blockchain
       | junk almost entirely. Can someone break down what blobs are? Is
       | this some kind of temporary place for transactions to go so they
       | aren't charged fees individually?
       | 
       | EDIT: NVM, I RTFMed https://ethereum.org/en/layer-2/. I wonder
       | what the trade-offs of layer 2 protocols are. Less secure?
        
         | mypastself wrote:
         | A lot more centralized, in my view.
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | If you're going to leave a controversial comment like that
           | then you should back it up
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | It's backed by decentralized voting consensus
        
               | hanniabu wrote:
               | Correct, which is why they should explain their claim of
               | how and what is more centralized
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | What do you mean?
        
               | bigyikes wrote:
               | Upvotes and downvotes on Hacker News. It's a joke with
               | some truth.
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | Oh. That's an uninteresting way to "back up" a statement
               | imo. Crowd wisdom is often wrong.
               | 
               | "Please don't comment about the voting on comments. It
               | never does any good, and it makes boring reading."
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Just a note, the person you've responded to is different
               | from the person who made the "joke," (if that is the
               | right interpretation. I don't really get the joke, fwiw).
               | 
               | It doesn't really make sense anyway; if the joke is that
               | the comment is "backed" by the fact that HN users are
               | upvoting it--comment scores aren't visible to people
               | other than the posters, right? So all we know is that it
               | wasn't smote into the hidden state.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | I agree. Voting systems are just generically dumb for any
               | sort of truth consensus.
        
               | thomastjeffery wrote:
               | It's confusing because we went from "decentralized"
               | meaning "an inverted hierarchy" to "decentralized"
               | meaning "a hierarchy seen from the other direction".
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | It's decentralized in the same way lobbying a politician
               | is decentralized.
               | 
               | Unless I'm remembering incorrectly, you need a ton of eth
               | to partake in eth PoS voting.
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | Distributed validator tech (DVT) has made it so you can
               | participate in PoS voting with much less ETH than was
               | required before, if you choose.
        
         | mxwsn wrote:
         | Blobs are a temporary form of data storage that are only
         | required to be held by Ethereum nodes for 18 days. Archival
         | nodes are free to store it forever if they wish, with a 1/N
         | trust mechanism to verify an archived blob. Blobs contrast with
         | permanent data storage in calldata, which is very expensive
         | (due to its permanence).
         | 
         | Layer 2's are currently significantly more centralized than
         | Ethereum L1, but this is not a fundamental technological
         | limitation, and can be improved significantly with more
         | resources and time. L2s right now have fragmentation concerns,
         | where users have poor experiences interacting with a ecosystem
         | of 10+ L2s, but this is largely a UX concern that can be solved
         | in my view, and shared sequencers can help this on a technical
         | level. I wouldn't say Layer 2's have many intrinsic fundamental
         | technological trade-offs.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Faster, cheaper, possibly ceases to exist. If that happens
         | there's (supposedly) a way for you to slowly get your funds
         | back by exiting on L1. The blob stuff is about "ok if that's a
         | thing how do I prove to some L1 contract that I own these L2
         | funds?".
         | 
         | The actual proving mechanism is either a) too amazing for me to
         | understand or b) not quite figured out yet. But first blobs..
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | > The actual proving mechanism is either a) too amazing for
           | me to understand or b) not quite figured out yet.
           | 
           | Rollups use either optimistic proofs or zero knowledge proofs
           | for settlement
           | 
           | > The blob stuff is about "ok if that's a thing how do I
           | prove to some L1 contract that I own these L2 funds?".
           | 
           | It's about data availability
           | 
           | > there's (supposedly) a way for you to slowly get your funds
           | back by exiting on L1
           | 
           | They're called escape hatches, you can view the state of each
           | L2 on L2Beat: https://l2beat.com/scaling/summary
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | > Rollups use either optimistic proofs or zero knowledge
             | proofs for settlement
             | 
             | Can you post an example of a code that implements either of
             | these? (the fraud proof, not the happy path)
             | 
             | I ask because in the past when I researched L2s such as
             | Optimism, that code was "to be developed".
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure that this is part of the code that
               | implements fraud proofs on Arbitrum One, which is one of
               | the few L2s to currently have fraud proofs.
               | 
               | Sequencer side:
               | 
               | https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro/blob/d28682b9300d50
               | 214...
               | 
               | Contract side:
               | 
               | https://github.com/OffchainLabs/nitro-
               | contracts/blob/90037b9...
               | 
               | It seems to me that Optimism is lagging way behind - I'm
               | not sure if they have fraud proofs yet even to this day.
               | I consider Arbitrum to have "picked up the torch" so-to-
               | say.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | So, Ethereum "has blobs" now that "are provable," by an
               | implementation that doesn't appear to contain tests [0].
               | Crypto, stay winning.
               | 
               | https://github.com/search?q=test+repo%3AOffchainLabs%2Fni
               | tro...
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | What are you saying? There's a "test-cases" folder in the
               | "prover" folder you linked to a search of.
               | 
               | Not sure why it doesn't show up in GitHub's search, but
               | it's right there in front of both of our faces.
        
               | fwip wrote:
               | Egg on my face, mea culpa. I checked all the places I
               | thought to for Rust code, and was astounded that the
               | search didn't turn it up.
        
               | kinakomochidayo wrote:
               | As far as I know, Optimism has fraud proofs on Sepolia
               | testnet right now
        
               | rauljordan2020 wrote:
               | Hey! I'm one of the developers working on Arbitrum's next
               | iteration of optimistic proofs. It's a really fun problem
               | of many parties resolving disputes about a deterministic
               | state. Happy to answer any questions
        
         | benreesman wrote:
         | As I always do when someone pops off with a phrase like
         | "blockchain junk" I'll remind everyone that Barbara Liskov, who
         | is the second female recipient of the Turing Award (and
         | narrowly missed being the first, Frances Allen received the
         | honor in 2006, Professor Liskov did in 2008), the John von
         | Neumann Medal, an honors doctorate from ETH Zurich (received
         | alongside Donald Knuth), countless other honors, and was the
         | doctoral advisor to Sanjay Ghemawat (with his own trophy case
         | of stratospheric achievement) devoted much of her career to the
         | rigorous study of Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (known
         | colloquially as "pBFT") which is the consensus mechanism used
         | in a number of blockchain-style data structures many if not
         | most of which have at least peripheral connections to what
         | people typically mean when throwing around the term blockchain.
         | I haven't followed her career closely over the last few years,
         | but long into the BitCoin era she was leading a group at MIT
         | studying exactly this set of topics.
         | 
         | Furthermore, she is only one example of staggeringly
         | recognized, decorated, acknowledged pillars of computer science
         | who either is now or recently has been doing real, substantial,
         | academically sound, and novel research in this field: Philip
         | Waller of functional programming and category theory fame works
         | (or did recently) at IO/HK, a shop with more Fields/Turing/ACM-
         | type honors than they have places to put all the plaques.
         | 
         | So with all respect to a fellow community member, easy there
         | with the "junk" stuff.
         | 
         | If you want to say: "2017-era ICO exit scam junk", or "pump-and
         | dump altcoin junk circa 2022", be my guest as long as you cite
         | examples, there was plenty of fraud during those bubbles just
         | like there is always fraud in speculative asset bubbles, and
         | fraud is bad (whatever Greenspan and Summers are on the record
         | as saying and they are both on the record as saying financial
         | fraud shouldn't be prosecuted).
         | 
         | But even there, I'll remind you that the conventional financial
         | system sets no enviable record for either asset bubbles or the
         | attendant fraud: quite the contrary, no one of any real
         | seniority suffered so much as house arrest or community service
         | let alone prison in 1987, 1999, 2001, 2008-2009, or whatever
         | we're calling this. With three notable exceptions: Sam Blankman
         | Fried is serving 25 years for things that happen on Wall St.
         | every day of the week, and if CZ misses serious jail time it
         | will be by the skin of his teeth. Do Kwon is facing trial for
         | felony market manipulation in absentia.
         | 
         | To my untrained eye, it looks an awful lot like cryptocurrency
         | is the one place in the modern digital financial system where
         | fraud is investigated, prosecuted, where people who go jail,
         | and where the victims of that fraud receive at least some of
         | their money back (I have a friend who held significant FTT and
         | is already sure he's getting something back, though these
         | proceedings are complicated and we're frankly a bit out of
         | practice because we stopped prosecuting financial fraud in the
         | late-Reagan/early-Clinton era, so he's not sure how much yet).
         | 
         | Maybe I'm missing something here, my financial credentials are
         | modest if that, perhaps you or another commenter could explain
         | why the superficial analysis that indicates that crypto is the
         | best-regulated of all the very rough financial markets in the
         | world is deficient?
        
           | ongy wrote:
           | This must be the weirdest call to authority I've ever seen.
           | 
           | Consens algorithms are important in both safety and
           | distributed (High Availibility) scenarios. There's no
           | necessary link from research into that, and blockchain in
           | general, and the Proof of X style crypto blockchains
           | specifically.
           | 
           | Can you point to some research of Waller? I've tried to find
           | it to see if it's more directly related, but the only
           | somewhat famous person under that name I can find is a
           | historian, not an expert in computing related topics.
           | 
           | There's some interesting technology blockchains lean on
           | (remember, git storage is a blockchain) but the value
           | proposition of crypo currency blockchains (largely 0 trust)
           | have so far not materialized outside speculative currency.
           | 
           | Which is partially due to misaligned incentives (the
           | developers of e.g. game assets in the NFT case) where the
           | party that would have to enable something do not have an
           | incentive to give up controle.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | I made a typographical error because I typed that with my
             | thumb: the gentleman's name is Dr. Philip Wadler FRS FRSE
             | (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Wadler), I also
             | forgot his proper title as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
             | 
             | The contributions that merited his inclusion in a group
             | that includes (in computing alone) people like Charles
             | Babbage KH FRS and Alan Turing OBE FRS are too numerous for
             | any HN comment: he's got something like 20k citations of
             | hundreds of papers.
             | 
             | His contributions while working at IOHK were IIRC
             | substantially around advanced formal proof systems for
             | typed lambda calculus, the most recent of his IOHK papers I
             | read was describing a System F implementation in the Agda
             | proof system.
             | 
             | I don't think it's called an appeal to authority when the
             | topic is the merit of a field of study (I've never heard it
             | referred to as a call to authority at all): when an
             | overwhelming consensus of basically every reputable
             | academic and scientific honor and award in the field (some
             | among the highest honors in any field) are attached to
             | research done over decades and reviewed, debated, cited,
             | and recognized by a robust consensus, that's an argument
             | that the study was important, novel, rigorous, valuable and
             | worthwhile. I cited the consensus of the entire reputable
             | academic and scientific world because that's how we codify
             | a consensus into a formal recognition that a researcher has
             | in the past, is currently, or is likely to again do
             | important research. I think GP was mistaken to call this
             | research junk or even imply it if someone is going to try
             | to parse it that finely, and I thought that citing the ACM
             | was a better citation than my own opinion.
             | 
             | I agree that git is a blockchain, though not a particularly
             | Byzantine Fault Tolerant one, along with Mercurial and Nix
             | and many other tools many of us use daily.
             | 
             | The broader convergence around previously disparate parts
             | of the digital financial economy is just unambiguously
             | happening: things like FedNow at the high end or Apple Pay
             | / Venmo / Zelle / Wize / WeChat / etc. on a more retail
             | level are arriving faster and faster, placing ever-greater
             | demands on the technology involved, and similar pressures
             | are producing related solutions: the NBBO system in US
             | equities trading to name one example, the consolidated tape
             | that results and the records around it used to be backed by
             | all trades taking place on recorded phone lines, before
             | that by taking place in a room full of witnesses, and
             | before that in coffee shops and other gathering places. All
             | of these systems were workable if imperfect solutions to
             | questions of trust, escrow, reversibility or its converse,
             | and broadly the ways in which Ricardian contracts are
             | generally, in isolation, inadequate to promote a sufficient
             | atmosphere of trust to admit active and reasonably
             | efficient markets.
             | 
             | Cryptographically durable and tamper-resistant ledgers
             | remain in a sort of transitional state where they back non-
             | trivial commerce and much more but still comparatively
             | small amounts of speculation/price discovery: the jury is
             | out on whether or not cryptography and BFT research is
             | going to hit the truly big leagues in terms of notional
             | value: right now they're somewhere in the rough ballpark of
             | equities transactions daily in the maybe mid tens to low
             | hundreds of billions in notional USD, making both a flea on
             | the ass of an elephant compared to say global forex at
             | something like 5-10 trillion a day, and derivatives are
             | just really hard to estimate, but the notional value of all
             | derivatives contracts is like, easily in the hundreds of
             | trillions and there are days when a _lot_ of that moves
             | quickly.
             | 
             | But I wasn't making the case that this stuff is like 100%
             | locked-in the future, I was making a much weaker claim:
             | that it's dismissive and ignorant to call it "junk" and
             | that what limited consequences fraudsters face for
             | financial fraud are tightly clustered in this area.
             | 
             | It's well-understood that the mechanism design of a
             | combination of a floating transaction fee structure (gas)
             | and a market in that unit of account with a lot of
             | speculative activity in it is problematic to put it mildly:
             | transactions become too expensive to facilitate significant
             | commerce rather often. A lot of things are being tried to
             | improve the emergent incentives, some with more noble
             | motives than others, but that's finance: if you're under
             | any illusion that innovation in finance is a constant
             | battle between people trying to generate better outcomes
             | and people trying to game the thing then you can easily
             | disabuse yourself of that notion by learning about the
             | history of finance and I'll recommend two excellent places
             | to start: the emergence of massive OTC derivatives markets
             | that began in the 1980s but really got big a decade later,
             | and the emergence of fully-digital equities and futures
             | markets around the turn of the millennium.
        
               | orthecreedence wrote:
               | > I agree that git is a blockchain
               | 
               | Wait, isn't git more of a merkle-DAG? I thought one of
               | the defining features of blockchains was effectively
               | branchless global state. My understanding is that DAGs
               | are a superset of blockchains. Is this a wrong?
               | 
               | My comment about "blockchain junk" is mainly in response
               | to the fact that it's nearly impossible to find any
               | investment/involvement in the space without running into
               | complete fraudsters and starry-eyed "entrepreneurs" who
               | view blockchain as some sort of god technology that will
               | lift us out of poverty and/or upend the corporate control
               | mechanisms. AKA a bandaid fix by people who don't
               | understand its actual limitations or the dynamics of the
               | systems they supposedly oppose.
               | 
               | As a system for maintaining auditable global
               | state/knowledge in the face of sybil attacks, yes, it's
               | impressive. However 99% of the projects people reach for
               | it _do not require it_ , hence the term "junk." It's more
               | a condemnation of the space surrounding the technology
               | than the technology itself. I figured that would be
               | somewhat obvious.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | You sound like someone who knows your stuff on this and I
               | regret if I was in any way making it sound personal or
               | disrespectful to you personally. I maintain it's an
               | unfortunate if not offensive phrasing, but I'm in no
               | position to carry rocks around glass houses: I say
               | unfortunately or offensively-phrased things too.
               | 
               | There isn't really a robust consensus that I'm aware of
               | as to what constitutes a blockchain per se: Wikipedia
               | lists git as one, and I suppose that's as good a source
               | as any absent such consensus.
               | 
               | git is an (often if not typically in practice degenerate)
               | Merkle Tree, the contents of one atomic (and sometimes de
               | facto immutable) node contain a hash (O(1)-verifiably
               | k-equivalent... you know the drill) of ancestors.
               | 
               | In more pragmatic/colloquial usage I might define a
               | blockchain loosely as a "tamper-resistant, directed, and
               | typically acyclic / bounded-cyclic data structure with an
               | implied machine economics optimization around infrequent
               | but critically important fully-verifiable history subject
               | to heuristically-determined / freely parameterized bounds
               | on branching factor, duration in branched states, and a
               | bounded susceptibility to adversarial interference in a
               | verifiable consensus on the periodic elimination of
               | branching on some semi-predicable cadence", which is
               | pretty hand-wavy but I think captures the spirit of the
               | general usage. By that definition git is only a
               | blockchain by common convention, there's nothing
               | preventing or even discouraging arbitrary, unbounded
               | branching other than it doesn't have a ton of widely
               | valued use cases: most any time you're fine with a branch
               | that never has any scope to interact with any other via
               | rebase or merge you could just make a copy or maybe a
               | copy and a copy of some metadata/history, though git in
               | practical terms is a good tool for such a copy.
               | 
               | And I think you're right that as with any over-hyped
               | technology, it gets attached to projects that don't need
               | it when it's "hot", preoccupies both investors and
               | entrepreneurs without better ideas for how to deploy
               | their time and money when it's "in", and is therefore
               | constantly oscillating between being a magnet for snake-
               | oil types and being out in the cold.
               | 
               | Throw in a bunch of electricity consumption that's
               | _maybe_ net driving up carbon emissions and _maybe_ net
               | attaching a financial incentive to electricity so cheap
               | that it basically has to be renewable but it's kinda too
               | soon to tell, and I think I'm now having trouble seeing
               | how crypto three years ago and "AI" last year are any
               | different along these dimensions.
               | 
               | The difference in my view is that AI is probably higher
               | variance by a lot on social welfare, and not because of
               | some dumbass "paperclip-indifferent AGI" tripe.
               | 
               | Blockchain as applied to finance has the scope to create
               | transparency into financial markets and compel
               | governments to open the books on what is and isn't legal
               | regarding money, for who, and why. It will never like,
               | totally disintermediate government from money, because
               | money is the #1 national security priority of any
               | functioning government, so inventing money that the
               | government can't control is more likely to buy you a R9x
               | than a Turing Award (in a macabre way it's darkly amusing
               | to contemplate the fact that it could buy you both). It
               | also has a positive (in my view) externality of creating
               | broad-spectrum incentives for the public to understand a
               | little better how important digital identity, security,
               | privacy, and autonomy are in 2024 and build at least a
               | little muscle memory around running a slightly or maybe
               | even substantially tighter ship on personal digital
               | footprint. I've apologized to two friends this week
               | because I lied to them about something that is now news
               | that recently broke on the Onavo/Meta thing TechCrunch
               | ran and I wanted them to hear it from me. I lied about
               | this because before it hit the press, I felt it would
               | have been detrimental to the national security of the
               | United States to talk about it, but what I really wish is
               | that we wouldn't end up in situations where anyone faces
               | such dilemmas in private industry.
               | 
               | AI has more obviously useful applications at the consumer
               | level (though it's largely a solution to itself as a way
               | to get information one could previously get from a search
               | engine before it ruined the indexes of search engines by
               | making arbitrarily persuasive falsehoods too cheap to
               | meter, we've had spam for a long time, but spam so good
               | it's convincing to experts in anything other than a bad
               | mood? That's new.). The danger with AI is that it winds
               | up being something other than "available weight" and
               | "operator-aligned", i.e. whoever is the last man standing
               | has arbitrary unaccountable power to convince anyone of
               | anything and prevent that from being accessed by anyone
               | else.
               | 
               | So probably higher stakes.
        
               | orthecreedence wrote:
               | > You sound like someone who knows your stuff on this and
               | I regret if I was in any way making it sound personal or
               | disrespectful to you personally. I maintain it's an
               | unfortunate if not offensive phrasing, but I'm in no
               | position to carry rocks around glass houses: I say
               | unfortunately or offensively-phrased things too.
               | 
               | I didn't take offense at all. I find your knowledge of
               | the space refreshing. I have watched blockchains
               | carefully from the sidelines for some time because of my
               | interest in the intersection of economics, state, and
               | technology and how blockchains might change those things.
               | Over time I became more jaded because the scaling
               | problems blockchains run into seem to be almost
               | insurmountable, so my interest has pivoted into less-
               | global, more-scalable approaches (like merkle-DAG CRDTs
               | with some external form of validation).
               | 
               | > There isn't really a robust consensus that I'm aware of
               | as to what constitutes a blockchain per se: Wikipedia
               | lists git as one, and I suppose that's as good a source
               | as any absent such consensus.
               | 
               | Fair enough.
               | 
               | > In more pragmatic/colloquial usage I might define a
               | blockchain loosely as a "tamper-resistant, directed, and
               | typically acyclic / bounded-cyclic data structure with an
               | implied machine economics optimization around infrequent
               | but critically important fully-verifiable history subject
               | to heuristically-determined / freely parameterized bounds
               | on branching factor, duration in branched states, and a
               | bounded susceptibility to adversarial interference in a
               | verifiable consensus on the periodic elimination of
               | branching on some semi-predicable cadence", which is
               | pretty hand-wavy but I think captures the spirit of the
               | general usage.
               | 
               | Have you considered a career in poetry?? Joking aside,
               | this pretty much sums up my view as well. A DAG with a
               | strong gravitational pull towards a master branch with
               | somewhat infrequently changing data. Which also includes
               | git, so you're right.
               | 
               | > Throw in a bunch of electricity consumption that's
               | maybe net driving up carbon emissions and maybe net
               | attaching a financial incentive to electricity so cheap
               | that it basically has to be renewable but it's kinda too
               | soon to tell, and I think I'm now having trouble seeing
               | how crypto three years ago and "AI" last year are any
               | different along these dimensions.
               | 
               | Yes, agreed. Let's spin up an immense amount of computing
               | power to train a model that hallucinates when asked basic
               | questions. Again, there is a space where the marriage of
               | a large dataset of knowledge and an automated linguistic
               | system searching that knowledge has great use-cases, but
               | throwing "AI" at every problem is just another eye-rolley
               | fad.
               | 
               | > The difference in my view is that AI is probably higher
               | variance by a lot on social welfare, and not because of
               | some dumbass "paperclip-indifferent AGI" tripe.
               | 
               | What do you mean by this?
               | 
               | > Blockchain as applied to finance has the scope to
               | create transparency into financial markets and compel
               | governments to open the books on what is and isn't legal
               | regarding money, for who, and why.
               | 
               | This is one of the things I was originally most excited
               | about. Make politicians receive all wages, contributions,
               | etc through some auditable _public_ currency. If you 're
               | going to work in the public sector, then you have to
               | consent to transparency. I have my own issues with money
               | (mainly its deficiency for economic transactions) but
               | cryptocurrencies are certainly a step up from it. But
               | like you said, you can't just release some new currency
               | and expect the government to bless it. Some empires had
               | their armies, some their navies, but we have our banks.
               | Our empire is a financial one, and a currency that
               | replaces the USD is a direct attack against the heart of
               | the empire. Many mountains would have to move before that
               | is possible, _unless_ Wall St finds some extra utility in
               | it that allows them to extract more.
               | 
               | > the public to understand a little better how important
               | digital identity, security, privacy, and autonomy are in
               | 2024
               | 
               | 100%...cryptographic identity is going to be huge in the
               | next few years (I'm betting on it quite heavily
               | https://stamp-protocol.github.io/).
               | 
               | > AI has more obviously useful applications at the
               | consumer level (though it's largely a solution to itself
               | as a way to get information one could previously get from
               | a search engine before it ruined the indexes of search
               | engines by making arbitrarily persuasive falsehoods too
               | cheap to meter, we've had spam for a long time, but spam
               | so good it's convincing to experts in anything other than
               | a bad mood? That's new.).
               | 
               | Yes, exactly, LLMs as they are are a glorified search
               | engine. Search engines have consumed themselves trying to
               | tailor results to their users instead of just fucking
               | showing objective information and are becoming
               | essentially obsolete pay-to-play ad machines.
               | 
               | > The danger with AI is that it winds up being something
               | other than "available weight" and "operator-aligned",
               | i.e. whoever is the last man standing has arbitrary
               | unaccountable power to convince anyone of anything and
               | prevent that from being accessed by anyone else.
               | 
               | Well, there's more here. As AI markets itself as this
               | sort of objective intelligence machine, it garners more
               | and more trust. As this solidifies it has the potential
               | to shape perception over time to the benefit of the
               | operators/controllers. The obvious conclusion is snuck in
               | advertising, but I'm thinking much more sinister like the
               | editorialization of information to protect the owner
               | classes and the state from any kind of scrutiny.
               | Effectively, a Big Brother that instead of using fear for
               | compliance, softly whispers in your ear. Pair this with
               | the immense surveillance apparatus we've spent decades
               | perfecting (but it's in the private sector! so it's
               | ok!!1) and we're setting ourselves up for a hellscape
               | dystopia.
               | 
               | Definitely higher stakes, I'd say.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | "the consensus mechanism used in," where "used in" is the key
           | part. Not "developed for."
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | Hence my explicitly noting that Dr. Liskov continued this
             | research and grew it in scope long after it had become
             | clear that one of if not the primary application was
             | clearly going to be tamper-resistant ledgers of financial
             | transactions.
             | 
             | It's also why I gave the example of Dr. Wadler FRS FRSE as
             | someone who _even more explicitly_ did extremely
             | sophisticated research well-received by the academic
             | community unambiguously in this context.
             | 
             | I just do not understand what it is about this topic that
             | turns a normally very thoughtful community of people with a
             | generally very high regard for the research agendas of
             | noted computer scientists into spinal-reflex, knee-jerk
             | critics on a dime.
             | 
             | You hear all kinds of arguments but they generally boil
             | down to some version of "blockchain is for cryptocurrency,
             | cryptocurrency is for financial fraud and financial fraud
             | has no place in our society".
             | 
             | But every link in that chain is either incorrect or
             | selectively tolerant of wrongdoing.
             | 
             | Tamper-resistant ledgers have applications outside of
             | finance.
             | 
             | "Everyone knows I mean crypto."
             | 
             | Ok, cryptocurrencies have complex outcomes attached to
             | them, some positive, some negative.
             | 
             | "I'm talking about the fraud which is rampant and the
             | main/only use case."
             | 
             | Eh, not really, speculation isn't by itself fraud, although
             | it is true that markets (say, OTC derivatives markets) with
             | a high ratio of speculation to other non-speculative
             | activities generally have more fraud in them, so more or
             | less rampant than conventional digital finance?
             | 
             | "More both relatively and absolutely."
             | 
             | No. Neither. Trivially false. You think that because you
             | have no fucking clue how much fraud happens either
             | relatively or absolutely in conventional financial markets.
             | Furthermore, the fraud that does happen is dramatically
             | more likely to be investigated and prosecuted, and the
             | victims of that fraud are dramatically more likely to be
             | recognized as victims (unlike for example victims of
             | predatory lending in 2005-2007 who lost their homes and got
             | called criminals into the bargain".
             | 
             | I don't want to believe that it's just the banal fact that
             | we all know someone who got stinking rich speculating in
             | crypto markets and we didn't (I've never speculated in
             | crypto markets and am not in the same galaxy as well-off: I
             | went into debt when the tech job market collapsed last
             | year, with uh, a little help).
             | 
             | But I'm really struggling here to find a more charitable
             | conclusion.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | I'm not against cryptocurrency at all, but you're saying
               | that Dr. Liskov was researching algorithms for that
               | purpose when she really wasn't. Byzantine fault tolerance
               | has lots of other applications, in fact if you search
               | "currency" in the paper she worked on, you'll only find a
               | single match: "concurrency."
               | 
               | https://pmg.csail.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdf
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I didn't say Dr. Liskov was doing pBFT research for the
               | express purpose of promoting cryptocurrency as an
               | application, I said Professor Liskov was working on
               | "blockchain tech", it's therefore pretty cheeky to call
               | "blockchain" "junk", and I said that she not only
               | persisted in but increased the scope of such research
               | during a period of time when it was impossible not to
               | know this is how the technology is being adopted.
               | 
               | If you're going to nitpick in an effort to discredit a
               | robust argument by beam-searching for the weakest-looking
               | link in the argument and go directly after it, then at a
               | minimum, be right.
               | 
               | Don't refute intentional misquotations.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Ok, you said Professor Liskov was working on blockchain
               | tech. Is that the point? Because no, she wasn't.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | We've reached my limit on the nesting of a contentious
               | sub-thread (frankly I'm surprised we haven't reached HN's
               | limit on such).
               | 
               | If I'm mistaken about this, I want to be educated about
               | it, I hold all of the famous computer scientists I've
               | mentioned in extremely high regard and if I've been
               | inadvertently spreading falsehoods it's a priority to me
               | to both stop doing that and depending on the degree of
               | such an error if it is one, a formal apology could even
               | be in order.
               | 
               | I do not think that this remains a useful or even
               | acceptable forum for that conversation however.
               | 
               | If you know or strongly believe that I've made statements
               | about public figures that I admire and that are
               | inaccurate, I'd not only invite but explicitly request
               | that you contact me directly to straighten it out without
               | the distractions and perverse incentives of an audience
               | to a debate that has become more than "spirited".
               | 
               | I'm reachable at b7r6@b7r6.net and I hope to continue
               | this discussion in a more productive forum than this
               | particular sub-thread.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Right now at least, layer 2s are somewhat immature. Many of
         | them do host billions in assets, but they each have different
         | tech stacks backing them up that are at varying levels of
         | maturity and decentralization. L2Beat does a great job of
         | breaking down the L2 ecosystem:
         | 
         | https://l2beat.com/scaling/summary
         | 
         | Note the pie chart in the row for each L2. That pie chart notes
         | the security risks for each one based on their tech stack.
         | Ideally, the top L2s should strive to reach "Stage 2" which
         | could be considered as secure as L1 itself, but no general
         | purpose L2 is at that stage yet and most are still at Stage 0.
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | Layer 2: It turns out "blockchain technology" works a lot
         | better if you do all the important stuff off-chain.
         | 
         | I predict that by 2030 the cryptocurrency nerds will have
         | discovered SQL and transaction audits.
        
         | pyaamb wrote:
         | a good explainer video
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HT9PHWloIiU
        
       | hanniabu wrote:
       | Pleasantly surprised to find this here, especially without all
       | the "tokens are a scam" comments
        
         | wesselbindt wrote:
         | I'm with you, they feel a bit redundant and uninteresting at
         | this point. Like we get it, a spade's a spade, no reason to go
         | on about it. Imagine people commented "postgres is a database"
         | on every postgres related post.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | It's funny how many times in my career I've heard someone say
           | "____ is not a database, it's a datastore" referring to
           | something they made that's basically Postgres with extra
           | steps.
        
           | k8svet wrote:
           | You know, from the way crypto threads are moderated, I bet I
           | can guess dang's opinion about them. Just ridiculously vapid
           | content.
        
       | hanniabu wrote:
       | > Today, we have all the tools we'll need, and indeed most of the
       | tools we'll ever have, to build applications that are
       | simultaneously cypherpunk and user-friendly.
       | 
       | Really looking forward to the next couple years. Everyone has
       | been writing this off as "no killer apps after 10 years" but
       | there's a lot that's been happening to support adoption, from
       | scaling to improved UX. In the next couple years those should
       | percolate to production apps.
       | 
       | The primary improvements have been rollups, blobs, account
       | abstraction, and chain abstraction.
       | 
       | An example of a new onboarding process being developed by
       | coinbase can be seen here:
       | https://twitter.com/WilsonCusack/status/1764355750149710190
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | Like what
        
           | pa7x1 wrote:
           | https://github.com/daimo-eth/daimo
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | So... a place to store your funds that is irretrievably
             | lost if you lose your phone?
        
               | pa7x1 wrote:
               | You can backup your account with passkeys.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Surely everyone will do that
        
             | fwip wrote:
             | The killer app of crypto is... a wallet app to put your
             | crypto in. Okay.
        
               | erulabs wrote:
               | This is "decentralized Venmo".
               | 
               | Yes, the "killer app" of internet currency is going to be
               | money transfers. That is not surprising, non-trivial, and
               | quite valuable.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | That's not a killer app. We already have money transfers.
        
               | pa7x1 wrote:
               | Providing global instant settlement for sub-cent fees?
               | Doubt it.
        
         | bigyikes wrote:
         | What value proposition does crypto offer that existing
         | solutions do not?
         | 
         | The only reasonable answer crypto advocates can ever offer is
         | "decentralization" and the lack of trust required.
         | 
         | The problem is, most people are perfectly fine trusting their
         | financial institutions.
         | 
         | Another commenter was downvoted for saying "No one cares", but
         | a more precise way of putting this is "the average person
         | doesn't care about decentralization" and this is spot on.
         | 
         | It's cool tech, but it reminds me a bit of math research -
         | towers of abstractions built over decades, with little effect
         | on the real world. We can only hope that some benefits will be
         | uncovered down the line.
         | 
         | That's what blockchain technology is: interesting research
         | which will never be popular with or relevant to a lay person
         | (outside of speculative bubbles)
        
           | pa7x1 wrote:
           | If you ascertain some value to the permissionless and self-
           | custodial value of cash. And you see value in the internet's
           | ability to connect the entire world. Then it follows
           | immediately that you see value in cryptocurrency.
           | 
           | Because you cannot use cash to transact globally, and you
           | cannot use digital forms of central bank issued currency
           | permissionlessly or have self-custody. Cryptocurrency gives
           | you all those three properties.
           | 
           | So you must give up something. HNers typically are willing to
           | give up the permissionless and self-custody properties. After
           | all, most of HN audience lives in developed democratic
           | countries where personal freedoms are considered fundamental
           | pillars and protected. But at a minimum you should consider
           | that, not all the world lives under those circumstances. And
           | that there are no guarantees that those circumstances will
           | always be preserved in your cozy first world country.
           | Certainly if you are willing to give them up so easily.
           | 
           | Don't be so quick to assume it cannot happen where you live.
           | One day they may go after some fringe truckers protesting in
           | Canada. Another day they may go after some camgirls earning a
           | living in ways that some executive board of a payment
           | processor considers reprobable. Maybe one day they will tell
           | you in what you can or cannot spend your money or where you
           | can invest it and how much.
        
           | drak0n1c wrote:
           | Decentralization of compute is perhaps a more compelling
           | story. There have been many recent complaints of massive
           | digital networks being at the whim of centralized IP and
           | platform owners making unpopular decisions - whether in
           | social media or games. Even non-profit and volunteer projects
           | collapse when leaders abandon ship or become tyrants. What if
           | open source code could also be extended to open decentralized
           | hosting via micropayments - the direction of which all
           | decided by users in a participatory format - whether via
           | representative republic, direct democracy, or elected
           | dictator?
           | 
           | The obstacle is human nature and ease-of-use friction -
           | taking responsibility for maintenance and innovation and
           | imposing a participatory need requires a modicum of awareness
           | and willingness to contribute - even if only with pennies.
           | This is annoying and wasteful red tape for most, and so
           | corporations with strong advertisers and investors who can
           | provide it cheaper or for free are obviously seen as the
           | better choice. Co-ops and communes have this problem.
        
           | valcron1000 wrote:
           | > The only reasonable answer crypto advocates can ever offer
           | is "decentralization" and the lack of trust required.
           | 
           | That a very big "only". For me that's the killer app. I do
           | not trust financial institutions and the ones that I trust do
           | not want to accept me as their customer.
           | 
           | > "the average person doesn't care about decentralization"
           | 
           | It's like saying "the average person does not care about a
           | system of interconnected computer networks that communicates
           | through TCP/IP". The average person cares about watching
           | reels on Instagram or sending messages through WhatsApp.
           | 
           | > That's what blockchain technology is: interesting research
           | which will never be popular
           | 
           | I have no doubt that someone said the same regarding the
           | Internet.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | Exactly. I mean, you don't even have to trust financial
           | institutions. You only have to trust the institutions that
           | are in charge of maintaining law and order. Everything else
           | follows from that. And if you can't trust those, then you
           | have bigger problems that cannot be fixed with some damn
           | cryptocurrency.
        
       | killthebuddha wrote:
       | I think it would be useful if the full domain (vitalik.eth.limo)
       | was displayed.
       | 
       | Not sure if that's possible or if it violates any HN policies
       | about how links are displayed, apologies if it's a silly/useless
       | suggestion.
       | 
       | Edit: Not sure how popularis eth.limo w.r.t. to HN submissions,
       | but the full domain should probably be displayed for any eth.limo
       | submission.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok!
        
       | skybrian wrote:
       | I'm wondering how this compares with other cryptocurrencies that
       | seem to be getting some attention, like Solana?
        
         | everfree wrote:
         | Solana does not have blobs. It's really as simple as that.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | It seems to have low-cost transactions. Isn't that what the
           | blobs are for? (Among other things.)
           | 
           | (Sincere question; I don't follow cryptocurrencies very
           | closely.)
        
             | everfree wrote:
             | Because transaction fees on blockchains run as an auction
             | market, low-cost transactions are enabled by high
             | transaction throughput, at least relative to demand. In
             | other words, any chain that has high throughput and/or low
             | demand will have low-cost transactions. Solana and Ethereum
             | attempt to achieve high throughput in very different ways.
             | 
             | Ethereum blobs create transaction space that has a 0-of-n
             | trust model (for zk-roll-ups) or a 1-of-n trust model (for
             | optimistic roll-ups). This means that there needs to be
             | either zero or one honest participant who carefully
             | receives, processes and validates every single roll-up
             | transaction in order for an outsider to be able to prove
             | that the chain was not tampered with.
             | 
             | In contrast, Solana achieves throughput by taking the
             | classic blockchain structure (with its n-of-n trust model)
             | and cranking the parameters up to 11. Basically they said
             | "be a standard blockchain, but do everything a hundred
             | times faster on expensive servers with beefy CPUs and
             | datacenter connections". The advantages are that it took
             | less development time and there are less moving parts in
             | the stack. The disadvantage is that the Solana blockchain
             | is not actually verifiable, in the sense that you or I
             | could download a piece of software onto our home computer
             | and follow along with the chain to make sure it's valid.
             | Ethereum is verifiable in this way, even down through all
             | of its (properly-designed and fully implemented) L2s.
             | 
             | To distill the entire situation: In order to scale, Solana
             | gives up some of the fundamental properties that make
             | blockchains powerful. Ethereum, scaling with blobs, retains
             | these fundamental blockchain properties.
        
       | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
       | All this crpyto technology is fascinating. But is it used for
       | anything?
       | 
       | I asked this in an Ask HN today, but got no answer so far:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39852389
       | 
       | It looks like not a single HN reader is using blockchain
       | technology for anything.
       | 
       | If nobody is using blockchain technology outside of blockchain
       | projects, what are the reasons we expect that some day we will?
       | What could be a near term use case?
        
         | wredcoll wrote:
         | Literally no. No one is using it and no one has come up with a
         | use.
        
           | kinakomochidayo wrote:
           | That's odd, Blackrock just created the BUIDL tokenized fund
           | on Ethereum. Seems like there's definitely a use for it.
           | 
           | https://securitize.io/learn/press/blackrock-launches-
           | first-t...
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | Wouldn't any company using blockchain technology be a
         | blockchain project?
        
           | stnmtn wrote:
           | Sure, but if every blockchain project is just "building
           | something for the blockchain" then where is the actual value?
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | You seem to be drawing a distinction here between companies
             | that are building something for blockchain vs building
             | something for people.
             | 
             | Alright, I'll bite, here are some projects that use
             | blockchain for things besides trading tokens or improving
             | blockchain technology:
             | 
             | - https://sarcophagus.io/
             | 
             | - https://www.gitcoin.co/
             | 
             | - https://docs.kleros.io/
             | 
             | There's many more. Many don't have a lot of adoption, and I
             | don't know if they will. But at the very least it's often
             | interesting to see how traditional systems are reimagined
             | in order to enable decentralized, trustless, computer
             | programs (with humans interacting at the perimeter) to
             | fulfill roles which would traditionally be filled by
             | centralized, trusted intermediaries (often humans).
             | 
             | If for no other reason than getting a front seat as many of
             | them fall apart spectacularly but also because it's
             | intellectually fascinating to see problems approached in an
             | inverted manner.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | > But at the very least it's often interesting to see how
               | traditional systems are reimagined in order to enable
               | decentralized, trustless, computer programs
               | 
               | They are not re-imagined. It's a combination of a still
               | on-ongoing gold rush (well, the end tail of it) and
               | people pretending there are purely technical solutions to
               | all problems.
               | 
               | Almost every single of those "interesting re-imagining"
               | projects rather quickly rediscovers why traditional
               | systems are the way they are, and end up being shittier
               | versions of those.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | Most of those are scams.
        
         | hot_gril wrote:
         | Its main purpose is internet currency. The only serious uses
         | surround that via smart contracts, like decentralized exchanges
         | or provably fair gambling (unsavory as that is). Any time
         | someone says "the currency aspect is separate from blockchain,"
         | I'd be wary, seeing how the entire point of blockchain is
         | decentralization via proof of work or stake.
         | 
         | NFTs can make sense in theory as an alternative to the already-
         | popular video game collectibles, as silly as that premise is,
         | but they never really got traction, and again that's related to
         | currency. There's been a lot of vaporware around things like
         | corporate blockchains to track assets, which don't even make
         | sense in theory.
        
           | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
           | Are you using it as internet currency?
           | 
           | I don't know anyone who paid anything with it in the last 12
           | months.
        
             | hot_gril wrote:
             | Yes
        
             | doublepg23 wrote:
             | I'm using the Bitcoin Lightning Network to support podcasts
             | every week or so.
             | https://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/boost/
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | Interesting.
               | 
               | Reading through the page, that sounds super complicated
               | though.
               | 
               | Couldn't the podcasts simply put a lightning invoice
               | (Which is just a string of text I guess?) on their
               | website with a text like "Support us via Lightning:
               | 1f73ac220b9..."?
        
               | lawn wrote:
               | With a regular cryptocurrency they could just post an
               | address or QR code and anyone can send it using a wallet
               | at any time (no need for them to be online or anything).
        
             | maxcoder4 wrote:
             | I use it everywhere where it's an option (so not very
             | often, let's say once a month). I also only use privacy
             | services (vpn for example) where you can pay using
             | cryptocurrency, otherwise what's the point
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | What are some other examples, except for a VPN where you
               | use crypto to pay?
               | 
               | And how is the situation around the world - are retailers
               | who offer digital goods/services allowed to accept crypto
               | as payments?
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | There are hardly any retailers accepting it in the US.
               | Wonder how it is in El Salvador, since they made BTC
               | legal tender.
        
               | vernon99 wrote:
               | In most of the places it's trivial to exchange crypto for
               | local currency in p2p fashion, often for cash.
        
             | vernon99 wrote:
             | I've been paying multiple people and teams remotely via btc
             | in the past years. Even if you can send a wire, sometimes
             | it can be cheaper/easier to send crypto. But in many cases
             | it's not even possible to send large amounts of money
             | without incurring massive fees (international paypal,
             | western union, etc). Moved hundeds of thousands of dollars
             | this way by now for purely legal economical reasons,
             | helping a bunch of people make money they would not make
             | otherwise.
             | 
             | Edit: relatedly, not everybody wants to pay their local
             | taxes (and who am I to judge people in various life
             | situations?). This itself is a _massive_ saver for the
             | folks. Send somebody $5k usd a couple times and their bank
             | will start asking complicated questions.
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | And how do you put the crypto payments into your tax
               | reports?
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Seems pretty easy. My country's tax forms dont
               | distinguish between how you got paid, just that you got
               | paid. Gov doesn't care if it was through a bank, in gold
               | bars, bitcoin, etc (capital gains they care more about of
               | course)
        
           | dinobones wrote:
           | The day a network exists where you can reliably send like
           | $0.001 of value with little/no fees is the day the internet
           | changes forever.
           | 
           | So many ideas are infeasible right now because CC fees are
           | high, and making any payment is extremely high friction.
        
             | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
             | Even if you can send $1.
             | 
             | Users dislike paying on the web because it is a security
             | risk. Because of this insane system of credit cards, where
             | you give the other party a "secret" which enables them to
             | _take_ the money from you.
             | 
             | If you could just _send_ the money, the barrier to pay
             | would be 100x lower.
             | 
             | Most websites pay the bills via ads. And make less than
             | $0.001 per visitor. If they could sell a monthly membership
             | for a one-time payment of $1, they would have a way better
             | business model.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | There are traditional ways to send money without giving
               | out a secret, like Apple Pay. But there's plenty of fraud
               | in the other direction, people accepting charges with
               | stolen payment info that end up being reversed. It's
               | always a little the merchant's job to decide whose "money
               | is no good here," and that's because of laws.
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | Paying via Apple Pay means you have to pay Apple so that
               | Apple will pay the vendor for you.
               | 
               | How do you pay Apple without giving them a secret?
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | No, that's not how it works at all. Apple is neither in
               | the authorization nor the transaction clearing/settlement
               | flow.
               | 
               | > How do you pay Apple without giving them a secret?
               | 
               | Credit cards being effectively unrestricted bearer tokens
               | isn't nearly the only way to do payments. For example you
               | could send a signed message to your bank instructing them
               | to pay Apple (in a world in which you'd be paying them;
               | again, Apple Pay is not that).
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | I think Apple has some special relationship with banks,
               | so it's not this simple. But yeah, one way or another
               | you're trusting Apple Pay, which presumably is more
               | trustworthy than a gas station sale terminal.
               | 
               | And if you were signing your own payments, you'd still
               | have to trust your computing device and the bank.
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | With crypto, you would not have to trust your computing
               | device nor your bank.
               | 
               | You would send $100 to your computing device every now
               | and then. And use that for day to day spendings. If the
               | device turns out to be malicious, you lost only the $100
               | and stay away from the brand that made the device.
               | 
               | A bank would not be involved at all.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | But you're sending that $100 from another computing
               | device, and if you're not trusting a bank-like entity to
               | hold the cryptocurrency for you, you're responsible for
               | securing all your money on that device without locking
               | yourself out.
               | 
               | On the other hand, having some money outside a bank is
               | nice. I've had them freeze my assets before just cuz they
               | felt like it, until I spent a whole day telling them to
               | fix it.
        
               | vernon99 wrote:
               | Having a couple hardware wallets in different places + a
               | paper backup split in a couple pieces gives you enough
               | redundancy not to worry about this. Source: my own
               | experience of close to 10 years now.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | So where do you store the paper?
        
               | cesarb wrote:
               | > If you could just send the money, the barrier to pay
               | would be 100x lower.
               | 
               | We can already do that here in Brazil: the web site
               | displays a QR code (plus its contents in text form), the
               | user scans the QR code (or copies the text) into their
               | banking app, and confirms it on the app to send the
               | money.
               | 
               | I hasn't AFAIK made any meaningful difference for
               | websites. What people dislike isn't the inconvenience of
               | credit cards, it's the inconvenience of having any
               | paywall at all.
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | What if they had $50 stored in a browser plugin and when
               | a website asks for it, they could pay $1 with a simple
               | click?
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | That was possible 30 years ago. There have been probably
               | been a dozen schemes that tried something like that over
               | the decades, starting with DigiCash from before the WWW
               | existed.
               | 
               | They all failed not because of fees, not because of
               | security concerns, but because even having to _think
               | about_ whether you want to pay for something and how much
               | incurs a mental cost that people avoid.
               | 
               | Free beets cheap by a margin that has nothing to do with
               | how cheap or how easy.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | In Europe sending money from one bank account to another is
             | generally free and often almost instant
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | Thats news to me. Can you link to a page of a bank in
               | Europe where they state that they offer free instant
               | money transfers?
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | It's pretty simple to see. First result I found:
               | https://moneytransfers.com/bank-transfers/sepa-transfers
               | 
               | For example from Germany to Austria, sending 1200EUR, I
               | see multiple providers with no fees for quick transfers.
        
               | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
               | I dont't see instant transfers on that page. It says
               | "within 24 hours" and sometimes even "within a week".
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | You can change filters...
               | 
               | You can also check
               | https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/news-
               | insights/videos/...
        
               | IanCal wrote:
               | The UK has "faster payments" which is usually instant
               | (sometimes held up for fraud checks). I'm not aware of
               | any bank that charges for this.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | Besides SEPA which mandated the upper ceiling and an
               | upcoming regulation which forbids banks from de-
               | prioritising payments to/from other banks (can't remember
               | what it's called now) many European countries have had
               | instant bank transfers locally. For example, Swish in
               | Sweden: https://www.swish.nu/about-swish
        
               | IncreasePosts wrote:
               | Are you talking about SCT Inst? It seems like there are
               | no fees built into the protocol itself, but your bank can
               | still charge you to use the service, and it seems many
               | banks charge between 1 and 7 euros:
               | 
               | (pdf reference) https://www.beuc.eu/sites/default/files/p
               | ublications/beuc-x-...
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | I didn't mean a specific protocol, just based on my
               | experience. But where do you see 7EUR in this document? I
               | see lot of banks offering zero or below 1EUR fees. The
               | highest I see is Novo Banco at 5.20EUR (page 18).
        
             | lawn wrote:
             | > The day a network exists where you can reliably send like
             | $0.001 of value with little/no fees is the day the internet
             | changes forever.
             | 
             | Why do you set the bar at $0.001? Even sending $1 reliably
             | and with low fees (which has been doable with crypto since
             | its inception) would be revolutionary in my opinion.
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | Why would the internet change forever when people can
             | reliably send $0.001 with no fees?
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | Then it could be way shittier because every GET request
               | will be monetized. Also your whole browsing history will
               | be public if you're ever tied to a wallet address.
        
             | brazzy wrote:
             | > The day a network exists where you can reliably send like
             | $0.001 of value with little/no fees is the day the internet
             | changes forever.
             | 
             | It will change absolutely nothing whatsoever.
             | 
             | > So many ideas are infeasible right now because CC fees
             | are high, and making any payment is extremely high
             | friction.
             | 
             | Making payments will always be, _is inherently_ high
             | friction, and reducing the amount does nothing below a
             | threshold that is much, much higher than $0.001.
             | 
             | There have been lots and lots of micropayment schemes, and
             | they have all failed because the very fact that there _is_
             | a payment already introduces mental friction that 's
             | effectively higher than current CC fees.
             | 
             | Any idea that is infeasible because there is no way to
             | reliably send $0.001 is in fact easily feasible today by
             | monetizing it some other way, usually via ads.
             | 
             | Lower fees are only relevant for high-volume fully
             | automated transactions with a substantial financial
             | incentive behind them, and those can already be done
             | basically for zero marginal cost, see HFT. The only
             | micropayments that people are willing to engage in
             | individually is when they involve addiction, and that as
             | well can and is already done in gambling apps masquerading
             | as games.
        
             | shuntress wrote:
             | This is something that feels pretty lost in most modern
             | crypto discussion.
             | 
             | It's evident in _literally the first line_ of the bitcoin
             | whitepaper:
             | 
             | "A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would
             | allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to
             | another without going through a financial institution"
             | 
             | If paying a random person online was as easy as dropping a
             | quarter in a cup the internet could be a very different
             | place.
        
           | root_axis wrote:
           | NFTs make absolutely no sense for video games collectables.
           | As it is, video game collectables work just fine, NFTs add
           | nothing except cost and complexity.
        
             | hot_gril wrote:
             | If you want there to be a marketplace for your
             | collectibles, NFTs are the most open way of doing that, and
             | a lot is prebuilt.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Counter-strike had a market for collectibles well before?
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | It took work by a large parent company. And I don't know
               | how third-party websites can trade those, but it must
               | mean either Valve is managing an API or people are doing
               | something hacky to work around that.
        
               | valzam wrote:
               | They can't. There are third party websites but there is
               | no way for them to initiate trades. They work around this
               | bysome crazy peer-to-peer trust-me-bro scheme.
        
               | troupo wrote:
               | And the reason for that is simple: game collectibles
               | literally cannot work in any game on any platform except
               | the one they were designed for.
               | 
               | There's a reason you can't bring your Fortnite skin into
               | a Lord of the Rings game, and it has very little to do
               | with "central companies" and "APIs"
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Interop with other games isn't the issue here.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | a better question is to look at how people use it, the
         | frictions they encounter, and who works on solving those
         | frictions
         | 
         | just saying "speculation" as if thats _not_ a use case misses
         | that "financial services" are our biggest industry on the
         | planet and thats mirrored in the blockchain space, many people
         | solve frictions and compete with each other. it willfully
         | ignores that all currencies are 99% held as stores of value and
         | the M0 money supply is a tiny fraction used as cash and for
         | merchant transactions, a distribution also mirrored in the
         | blockchain space but ignorantly used to discredit it despite
         | ironically showing how well it works as a parallel economy.
         | 
         | additionally due to the structure of blockchains as a pay to
         | write database, most use cases that aren't related to stores of
         | value or trading are intrinsically tied to something financial
         | which makes the standard impossible
        
           | FactKnower69 wrote:
           | >just saying "speculation" as if thats not a use case misses
           | that "financial services" are our biggest industry on the
           | planet and thats mirrored in the blockchain space
           | 
           | This is such a great comparison! Crypto and "financial
           | services" are both a massive waste of labor that produces
           | zero material wealth and mainly exist to facilitate money
           | laundering and further upward siphoning of wealth.
           | 
           | This is why Janet Yellen is currently throwing a tantrum that
           | those big meanies in China aren't playing fair by using their
           | labor to actually manufacture things instead of shuffle fake
           | money back and forth between different buckets until more
           | money appears out of thin air:
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/yellen-intends-
           | warn-...
        
           | mand1575 wrote:
           | Given that we are now entering another crypto hype cycle and
           | blockchain technology, discussions often veer towards crypto
           | and the allure of embedded tokens. I'm going to stick to the
           | realty and opportunity: utilizing blockchain in fixed income
           | finance.
           | 
           | Having spent two decades navigating the complexities of Wall
           | Street, I know the critical problem plaguing the fixed income
           | market: the overwhelming amount of data generated during the
           | origination of debt instruments and the subsequent challenges
           | in reconciliation during clearing and settlement. Night
           | cycles, calling Bloomberg to fix security master. Calling
           | DTCC to settle trades. Blockchain is the best technology to
           | solve this. Only if applied correctly. Otherwise, it's a
           | waste.
           | 
           | We started with a fundamental goal: to debunk the myths and
           | misconceptions surrounding blockchain in the securities
           | space. Despite the pervasive FUD propagated by the media, we
           | have now proved to regulators that securities originated on
           | blockchain are indeed securities - not merely speculative
           | digital assets.
           | 
           | At its core, we are looking to address the root cause of
           | friction in fixed income trading: the lack of direct
           | origination and data quality across market participants. By
           | leveraging a permissioned network, we have proved by
           | recording of municipal loans and securities on our
           | blockchain. While it may not be the flashy product that
           | garners headlines, this milestone marks a significant step
           | forward. We also trained all of FINRA's fixed income
           | examiners....
           | 
           | Our next step is to bring brokered CDs, directly to the
           | investors, giving them access to negotiate with the issuers.
           | From there the goal is to extend to real-time clearing and
           | settlement, streamlining processes and enhancing efficiency
           | across the fixed income ecosystem.
           | 
           | Here's how a trade moves through our system in current
           | state...it's a mental journey.
           | https://www.chicagofed.org/markets/view-lasalle-street/us-
           | re...
        
             | troupo wrote:
             | > the root cause of friction in fixed income trading: the
             | lack of direct origination and data quality across market
             | participants. By leveraging a permissioned network,
             | 
             | Blockchain has nothing to do with "data quality across
             | market participants". Bad data entered into blockchain
             | remains bad data.
        
         | orthecreedence wrote:
         | I think it could be used for some kind of permissioned,
         | collectively crowdsourced database that's (mostly) free from
         | the control of a single group of administrators/gatekeepers. I
         | guess kind of like a decentralized wiki.
         | 
         | In my view, blockchains shine where you need auditable global
         | state, bonus points if you don't want central control in your
         | operations (obviously this then kicks the can to the core
         | devs). This use-case is fairly miniscule for most applications,
         | though.
         | 
         | As far as currency, I think they also have their use-cases as
         | well but most people don't want a global audit trail of all
         | their purchases. Things like Monero and Zcash shine here. The
         | value fluctuations are obnoxious, though.
         | 
         | I'm saying this as a big blockchain skeptic. I think most of
         | the things people use them for are silly.
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | Shared append only, very slow database. It's a very specific
           | setup but maybe there's some scenario for it.
        
         | imchillyb wrote:
         | Banks have been using the Ethereum blockchain for behind the
         | scenes bad debt transfers for about seven years now.
         | 
         | Banks don't want to deal with treasury departments nor do the
         | banks want to be beholden to federal governments regarding
         | prime rates.
         | 
         | Ethereum allows banks to circumvent these types of issues
         | because rates are dictated by banks not by governments and
         | their treasury departments.
         | 
         | Crypto currency is coming soon. It's only a matter of time and
         | validating processes now.
        
           | ArtTimeInvestor wrote:
           | How can a bank transfer debt via Ethereum?
           | 
           | Isn't "debt" a contract between the bank and a user? How do
           | you transfer that and to whom?
        
           | maxcoder4 wrote:
           | That sounds suspicious. Maybe a few years back out would
           | work, but now cryptocurrency is pretty regulated.
           | 
           | And at the same time it's not battle tested. Any CFO who
           | signs of on something like that risks shareholder fury when
           | anything goes wrong.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | What?
        
           | schmichael wrote:
           | Citation needed (from a non-crypto-booster source)
        
         | tdudhhu wrote:
         | Some days ago ICP showed it can run ML on a blockchain.
         | 
         | While this is nice and does show that distributed computing is
         | a real possibility I also don't think that anyone is going to
         | switch from Amazon/Azure to ICP any time soon.
         | 
         | But I must say the idea is really nice. It's very easy to
         | develop Actor model based software and deploy it on ICP.
        
           | ShamelessC wrote:
           | > ML on a blockchain
           | 
           | I would actually love it if you had a link with more info on
           | that. Don't take this the wrong way, but my first guess would
           | be that that basically isn't true; either it's not actually
           | machine learning (as is understood today) or it isn't
           | actually a blockchain but rather normal distributed computing
           | being "verified" via blockchain somehow?
           | 
           | Would love to be proven wrong though.
        
             | dlubarov wrote:
             | There are basically two approaches to on-chain inference:
             | consensus-based approaches (several parties run inference
             | and give a claimed result), and zkML (one party runs
             | inference and proves the result cryptographically).
             | 
             | zkML can be done using general-purpose ZK libraries (since
             | they support arbitrary computations), or there are some
             | specialized tools for proving ML inference, such as
             | https://github.com/ddkang/zkml. It's currently pretty
             | expensive to prove huge models like LLMs, but there's a lot
             | of work being done to make it more practical.
        
             | tdudhhu wrote:
             | https://internetcomputer.org/
             | 
             | A YT video about this: https://youtu.be/wk3FxuA5DKs
             | 
             | I am still very sceptical about this because it looks very
             | slow, but it seems to work.
        
         | valcron1000 wrote:
         | > It looks like not a single HN reader is using blockchain
         | technology for anything.
         | 
         | > If nobody is using blockchain technology outside of
         | blockchain projects
         | 
         | HN is very adverse to the blockchain space. This is not the
         | best place to look for people using the technology since 9/10
         | times you would get downvoted to oblivion
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | > What could be a near term use case?
         | 
         | Ransomware, evading currency controls, funding North Korea.
        
         | toenail wrote:
         | > But is it used for anything?
         | 
         | What people like you usually miss.. hodling bitcoin IS one of
         | its uses, store of value.
         | 
         | > It looks like not a single HN reader is using blockchain
         | technology for anything.
         | 
         | You haven't missed anything, that's why we say bitcoin, not
         | blockchain.
        
         | scyclow wrote:
         | People love shitting on NFTs, but there's still a really good
         | art scene based on NFTs and smart contracts. And once you have
         | digital objects that you actually care about, all the web3
         | infrastructure is surprisingly useful.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | > there's still a really good art scene based on NFTs
           | 
           | Is that a "good art" scene, or a "good" art scene?
        
       | pa7x1 wrote:
       | I'm going to leave here a few dashboards that might be
       | interesting:
       | 
       | See Ethereum scale day by day (today Ethereum is doing 160 tps,
       | more than 10x its initial throughput):
       | https://l2beat.com/scaling/activity
       | 
       | You can now settle your transactions on rollups for mere cents:
       | https://fees-growthepie.streamlit.app/
       | 
       | Neat dashboards regarding blob usage:
       | https://dune.com/hildobby/blobs
       | 
       | What's coming... With the current number of blobs Ethereum will
       | likely be able to do up to ~500 tps on average. ~1000 tps in
       | burst mode. But in coming upgrades the blobs will be sharded
       | through Data Availability Sampling, allowing validators to verify
       | only a subset while being sure that the rest of blobs are
       | validated and available by the rest of the network. This will
       | allow to scale Ethereum up to 256 blobs. Which will give Ethereum
       | a throughput of around ~100K tps.
        
         | dinobones wrote:
         | Thank-you for the helpful links. Can you share some resources
         | to learn about data availability sampling?
         | 
         | Also, have folks invented a cheap/fast way of going from L2 <->
         | L2 without having to do an L1 tx?
         | 
         | I fear that L2s may never be adopted due to network
         | segmentation, but if it's possible for all L2s to interchange
         | with each other cheaply, then it's just as good as L1 IMO.
        
           | everfree wrote:
           | This post from the ethresearch forum goes over data
           | availability sampling (DAS) in detail.
           | 
           | https://ethresear.ch/t/from-4844-to-danksharding-a-path-
           | to-s...
           | 
           | To transfer assets from L2 to L2, of course the naive
           | implementation is to use a centralized intermediary, of which
           | there are currently many that are reasonably priced. There
           | are ways to go between zk-L2s without any central broker in
           | theory; I'm not sure whether that's also true of
           | optimistic-L2s.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | > have folks invented a cheap/fast way of going from L2 <->
           | L2 without having to do an L1 tx?
           | 
           | There are bridge providers like Connext
           | (https://www.connext.network/), Hop
           | (https://portal.arbitrum.io/projects/bridges-and-on-
           | ramps?pro...), LayerZero (https://layerzero.network/) etc
           | that provide liquidity across L2s to make it simple and cheap
           | for common assets like USDC, ETH, etc.
           | 
           | Attempts to do this trustlessly without relying on a
           | liquidity provider do exist, but they're not mature enough to
           | mention yet. They usually rely on zk proofs to validate that
           | an asset was bridged from one chain to another.
           | 
           | L2s are presently already supporting more activity than L1,
           | with 4 L2s regularly doing more TPS than L1. Agreed that
           | fragmentation is a concern, but I think we'll get there soon
           | where the UX is abstracted away for users and the assets flow
           | cheaply.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Adding to this list, for getting average 24 hour costs for
         | rollups: https://gasfees.io
         | 
         | The "growthepie" link above wasn't working in my browser due to
         | "lack of WebGL support".
        
         | pavon wrote:
         | For context, Visa and MasterCard combined average 10k's tps,
         | and are capable of processing 100k's tps at peak. So if it
         | works out, that would put Ethereum in the same ballpark.
        
       | Mahn wrote:
       | Key quote from the article:
       | 
       | > Many have argued that the lack of large-scale applications for
       | the past ten years proves that crypto is useless. I have always
       | argued against this: pretty much every crypto application that is
       | not financial speculation depends on low fees - and so while we
       | have high fees, we should not be surprised that we mainly see
       | financial speculation!
       | 
       | > Now that we have blobs, this key constraint that has been
       | holding us back all this time is starting to melt away. Fees are
       | finally much lower; my statement from seven years ago that the
       | internet of money should not cost more than five cents per
       | transaction is finally coming true.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | All of this depends on so called "Layer 2s", which adds a great
       | deal of UX complexity to the end user. I'm skeptical that this is
       | best way to solve the scalability issues that plague
       | cryptocurrency, but I will say that this looks to me like it has
       | a much better shot of succeeding that anything Bitcoin has ever
       | attempted to do on this front.
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | > which adds a great deal of UX complexity to the end user
         | 
         | Not exactly, L2s are being abstracted away, end users
         | eventually wont even be aware what chain they are interacting
         | with without tracing the tx
        
         | danpalmer wrote:
         | 5 cents per transaction is high for many parts of the world,
         | and exceptionally high if every interaction in normal life is
         | turned into a financial transaction.
        
           | kinakomochidayo wrote:
           | It'll come down even more as blobs are increased, and PeerDAS
           | is implemented
        
           | medo-bear wrote:
           | What parts of the world? In non developed countries bank fees
           | are actually higher than in the West.
           | 
           | In Bosnia a most basic bank account costs about $3 per month,
           | or 60 Ethereum transactions (most people usually have 10 - 20
           | transaction per month). For paying bills banks usually charge
           | a commission fee of 1%. And if you want to send money to
           | someone 50 kms away but across the border the fee is $20 with
           | few days wait for money to be received.
        
             | danpalmer wrote:
             | In many parts of the world people are basically cash-only
             | and don't pay fees for handling money most of the time. The
             | "unbanked". This is the market Ethereum wants to serve.
             | 
             | Also I'd challenge 10-20 transactions per month. I think in
             | many near cash-less societies it might be closer to 5 per
             | day.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > The "unbanked". This is the market Ethereum wants to
               | serve
               | 
               | M-Pesa got there first, and without the taint of
               | cryptocurrency. It's a real, deployed, working system at
               | scale, and has been for years. The idea that a "hope to
               | serve" after a bit more crypto tech innovation will open
               | an untapped market ... well, I wouldn't take it
               | seriously. It's wishful thinking at both ends of the
               | supply and demand equation.
        
               | thisgoesnowhere wrote:
               | You can't invest in M-Pesa tho so it's obviously very bad
               | /s
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | Bosnia and eastern and most of europe in general is
               | certainly not cash-less nor do most people desire that
        
             | searchableguy wrote:
             | Most major developing countries in Asia have p2p instant
             | payments and bank accounts for free or with minimum balance
             | requirement.
             | 
             | UPI (Indian market) launched cross border support with a
             | couple countries starting this year. 118 billion
             | transactions happen via UPI annually.
             | 
             | I do think there is some niche market where ethereum
             | payments will shine but hard to beat free and instant
             | systems already in place at far bigger scale.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | If their vision is "applications" it feels like any price is
           | too high. Would you sign up for hn if it cost 5 cents? Even
           | though that is nothing in terms of money (for most of us),
           | the friction of money actually being involved in and of
           | itself probably makes it not worth it. Especially when its
           | just a silly internet thing.
        
             | danpalmer wrote:
             | It's not just sign up though, it's posting comments,
             | upvoting, etc. Every "write" becomes a transaction, many
             | with their own tokens.
             | 
             | > the friction of money actually being involved ... makes
             | it not worth it
             | 
             | This is it. There are very few people who live for this
             | level of financialisation.
        
             | soulofmischief wrote:
             | I'd happily pay a subscription to a closed community if I
             | thought the value of the community was higher than the
             | entry cost. However, I'm glad Hacker News is open and
             | democratic.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | In the many, many years they have spent building a pile of
         | gibberish tech, traditional finance has begun transitioning to
         | T-0 settlement on centralized platforms. FedNow is going to
         | replace ACH and wires and allow 24/7 real-time transactions.
        
           | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
           | > FedNow is going to allow 24/7 real-time transactions.
           | 
           | Following in the steps of what EU and UK did few years ago.
           | (1)
           | 
           | And which always made this cryptocurrency fast settlement
           | stuff sound laughable - like they're describing just what a
           | regular bank account does, and it's supposedly their special
           | magic, so what?
           | 
           | People need to look outside of the USA to understand the
           | state of the art.
           | 
           | You can even find these systems in Africa already (2)
           | 
           | 1) https://www.ecb.europa.eu/paym/integration/retail/instant_
           | pa...
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster_Payments
           | 
           | 2) https://www.mfw4a.org/news/instant-payment-transactions-
           | afri...
        
         | AlienRobot wrote:
         | >adds a great deal of UX complexity to the end user
         | 
         | Considering there are people who don't understand the bitcoins
         | aren't INSIDE a physical wallet, that ship has sailed and made
         | a revolution or two already.
        
       | camillomiller wrote:
       | > On March 13, the Dencun hard fork activated, enabling one of
       | the long-awaited features of Ethereum: proto-danksharding (aka
       | EIP-4844, aka blobs). Initially, the fork reduced the transaction
       | fees of rollups by a factor of over 100, as blobs were nearly
       | free. In the last day, we finally saw blobs spike up in volume
       | and the fee market activate as the blobscriptions protocol
       | started to use them. Blobs are not free, but they remain much
       | cheaper than calldata.
       | 
       | Can someone please confirm this isn't the incipit from an
       | unpublished Douglas Adams novel?
        
       | EMM_386 wrote:
       | Hmm ... "proto-danksharding" which activated the "blobscriptions
       | protocol" so that blobs are "much cheaper than calldata", all of
       | this helping it to become an "L2-centric ecosystem". In the end,
       | this leaves them "not confident enough in the complex code of an
       | optimistic or SNARK-based EVM verifier".
       | 
       | I'm sold ... just tell me where to transfer the money.
        
         | everfree wrote:
         | The actual quote is "we are not *currently* at the point where
         | we can be confident enough in the complex code of an optimistic
         | or SNARK-based EVM verifier". The article seems to imply that
         | "in the end", they will be.
        
           | elcritch wrote:
           | Unlike the parent, the full quote gives me more confidence
           | that they're being serious about the upgrades to the Ethereum
           | protocol. This stuff is all cutting edge distribute systems
           | and zero-knowledge proofs work, so of course it's going to
           | take a while to reach confidence in how it'll work.
        
           | PoignardAzur wrote:
           | Something tells me that even if/when the optimistic or SNARK-
           | based EVM verifier is production-ready, the person you're
           | replying to will still feel somewhat unconvinced.
        
             | pa7x1 wrote:
             | Very likely, but if they get it sorted out one day he will
             | be using it without knowing.
             | 
             | If you have no interest whatsoever and they start
             | explaining to you all the cryptography behind establishing
             | a secure connection to your bank most people would dismiss
             | it as mumbo-jumbo. But now you can tell your grandma to
             | look out for the little green lock on the web that makes
             | her account secure.
        
         | teekert wrote:
         | If only I could use meta-transflectors to transmogrify my
         | unobtainium-like power conduit flex provider. I mean we're
         | almost there for crying out loud. Just modulate the hyper
         | spanner at a rotating frequency. I guess they just need to
         | epibrate a bit more.
        
           | d-lisp wrote:
           | When setting up my DWS on the chain I performed a fresh
           | implementation of the flex spanning system so that sharded
           | stakes were accordingly modulated when dilution factors are
           | on the rise. Retro validators should never rely on the sole
           | consideration of performative liquidity, and that's why in
           | most use-cases, distributive-non-passing underfitted
           | categorization of assets is preferable. Every DNP-uca
           | implementation has proto-failure systems that allow for
           | better mining experiences, in fact every time assets are
           | minted you obtain by-products of the initial dilution thanks
           | to the false commitment that is produced when pseudo-stakers
           | correct the current derivation according to the relative
           | spike index. That's why the tech interested me at first.
        
             | teekert wrote:
             | LLMs at their finest.
        
           | Zetaphor wrote:
           | Just because you're unfamiliar with the technology doesn't
           | mean it's nonsense. The failing is yours in actually looking
           | into these things rather than trying to be funny.
           | 
           | If you explain to most people how a TLS handshake works it
           | will sound to them as equally nonsensical. This technology is
           | complicated, this article is targeted at an audience that
           | understands the technology, not one that needs a "My first
           | introduction to distributed computing"
        
             | earnesti wrote:
             | TLS handshake actually makes sense for average programmers
             | who understand basic cryptography.
             | 
             | Ethereums problem is that it is a badly designed
             | clusterfuck. The newer blockchains will likely take over.
        
           | AlienRobot wrote:
           | /r/vxjunkies
           | 
           | Wait, this isn't reddit.
        
         | PufPufPuf wrote:
         | I wouldn't be surprised if all that was just a made up jargon
         | and this was a joke article. But again, it's about blockchain,
         | so the line is thin.
        
           | Zetaphor wrote:
           | There's actually interesting technology being developed here
           | in the areas of distributed computation and zero trust
           | systems. The implementations of Zero Knowledge Proofs and
           | ongoing work on ZK-SNARKS I personally find most fascinating.
           | 
           | There's a lot more to this ecosystem than just speculation.
           | At it's core is a distributed world computer but all anyone
           | knows about is money.exe because this stuff is immensely
           | complex.
           | 
           | If you look into the researcher rather than paying attention
           | to the soyjack youtube thumbnails you'll find the actual
           | substance. Nobody is going do the work for you. Or you know,
           | just write it all off with a snide joke because "crypto bad".
        
             | talldayo wrote:
             | > At it's core is a distributed world computer but all
             | anyone knows about is money.exe because this stuff is
             | immensely complex.
             | 
             | Alternatively, because the only way to use the
             | aforementioned distributed world computer is to engage with
             | money.exe and buy more CoinTokens. Imagine all the kids out
             | there who will be delighted to learn a pay-per-use code
             | interpreter. "Hey mom, I need your credit card to cover the
             | gas while I debug my smart contract."
             | 
             | But assuming you have the money to spend, it's a whole
             | universe of possibilities! Just make sure to cash in before
             | actually trying to _use_ any of them.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | coti is also using dags for some reason
        
       | taxmeifyoucan wrote:
       | For anyone interested in in-depth details of Ethereum protocol
       | and upgrades, checkout the Protocol Study Group. Yesterday's
       | presentation was about scaling and Danksharding, given by its
       | creator https://epf.wiki/
        
       | Version467 wrote:
       | As far as I can tell, the only cryptocurrency that actually
       | delivers on its name (i.e. being used as a currency) is Monero.
       | Sure, it's all drugs and stolen credit cards, but it does
       | undeniably solve a real world problem for its users instead of
       | just being used as a vehicle for speculative investment.
       | 
       | With that said, I think if anyone comes up with a "killer-app"
       | for crypto, then it'll be on the Ethereum chain. They seem to be
       | the only ones who consistently work towards adding capabilities
       | to the core technology.
       | 
       | Edit: I realize I haven't commented on the article at all. This
       | sentence stood out to me:
       | 
       | > Today, we have all the tools we'll need, and indeed most of the
       | tools we'll ever have, to build applications that are
       | simultaneously cypherpunk and user-friendly. And so we should go
       | out and do it.
       | 
       | Clearly, this is an important step. But the two examples he
       | provides as a beacon of what's possible (Daimo and Farcaster)
       | don't inspire a lot of enthusiasm. Daimo is just a decentralized
       | version of Venmo and Farcaster is a protocol to build social
       | networks on the blockchain, which is yet another tool and not an
       | application.
       | 
       | I do still like reading Vitaliks thoughts. He's a pretty good
       | writer, and it's evident that he spends a lot of time actually
       | thinking about the topics he writes about.
        
         | rglullis wrote:
         | One of the things that made me less skeptical of Ethereum was
         | that Vitalik has consistently argued based on his view of
         | "Ether as digital oil to power the blockchain", which is to say
         | that the point is _not_ to just hodl, but to create a core
         | technology that can enable different applications.
         | 
         | I still think that we should not forget the "I need a
         | censorship-proof way to send money to someone overseas" story,
         | but mostly as a hedge against the existing institutions, not as
         | an immediate need.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | _> "Ether as digital oil to power the blockchain"_
           | 
           | This has made you _less_ skeptical of what he's peddling?
           | That slogan is a series of red flags in only eight words. He
           | could be selling actual snake oil.
        
             | pazimzadeh wrote:
             | Actual snake oil has actual benefits. It's fake snake oil
             | you want to avoid.
             | 
             | Effect of Erabu Sea Snake (Laticauda semifasciata) Lipids
             | on the Swimming Endurance of Mice
             | https://karger.com/anm/article-
             | abstract/51/3/281/41756/Effec...
        
               | bloppe wrote:
               | This is an all-time HN comment
        
             | maxcoder4 wrote:
             | I'll rephrase a bit for the HN crowd: "The Ethereum
             | currency (Ether) value proposition is that it is used to
             | pay for decentralized apps on the Ethereum Blockchain. The
             | more application and users are there, the more Ether is
             | needed and hence it's value goes up". At least that's how I
             | understand it.
             | 
             | OPs point is that most cryptocurrency advocates go for "but
             | my token and hold, it is sure to grow 10x in a few months"
             | and I (like probably OP) consider it misleading baseless
             | hope at best, fraud usually.
        
           | PKop wrote:
           | >the point is not to just hodl, but to create a core
           | technology that can enable different applications
           | 
           | This is has been said about every coin since the beginning of
           | crypto.
        
         | 486sx33 wrote:
         | +1 for monero
        
         | gehwartzen wrote:
         | >As far as I can tell, the only cryptocurrency that actually
         | delivers on its name (i.e. being used as a currency) is Monero.
         | Sure, it's all drugs and stolen credit cards, but it does
         | undeniably solve a real world problem for its users instead of
         | just being used as a vehicle for speculative investment.
         | 
         | This is exactly my use case (the former not later) with Monero
         | and it's been amazing. Only marginally more difficult than to
         | shop on amazon and feels a million times less sketchy than
         | trying to find something locally. The speculative nature of
         | crypto is therefore more of an annoyance as it causes the price
         | to fluctuate too much between paying, shipping, and fund-
         | release.
        
           | coffeebeqn wrote:
           | So you pay with monero but you still need to give them an
           | address to ship to which some probably store somewhere where
           | the police might eventually find it ? I guess depending on
           | the local police the chances of that leading to any trouble
           | are lower than getting stabbed by a tweaker when you go out
           | into the community to purchase your stuff
        
         | grigio wrote:
         | yep, Monero is the CBDC cure, what Bitcoin wanted to be in the
         | origin
        
         | shuntress wrote:
         | The "Killer App" for a cryptocurrency would be the ability to
         | use it as a currency.
        
           | maxcoder4 wrote:
           | As the OP said, the cryptocurrency you're looking for is
           | Monero.
        
             | shuntress wrote:
             | "Bitcoin but its anonymous" does not make Monero a real
             | currency.
             | 
             | I guess it helps that its value is relatively stable.
             | 
             | But I still can't realistically use it. I can't walk in a
             | store, buy something, then pay with Monero which is
             | obviously disqualifying on it's own. But in addition to
             | that, if I want to give a friend some Monero I would have
             | to walk them through making a new account with some new app
             | which they won't do because it's pointless anyways.
        
               | 486sx33 wrote:
               | Shopify for monero is an idea being kicked around, there
               | are also monero marketplaces for non- illegal things
               | 
               | Monero could be used in a store and some stores do take
               | monero! Its quick, with low fees
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | It's maybe quick with low fees now while no one is using
               | it.
               | 
               | It has the exact same practical problems every other
               | distributed cryptocurrency has preventing it from being
               | useful as an actual currency. If Monero ever started
               | seeing adoption as an actual currency it would fall apart
               | just like Bitcoin.
        
               | tayo42 wrote:
               | Is moner just quick for now but as it scales it'll be
               | slow like bitcoin? Or is there something unique about
               | monero that makes it fast?
        
           | evantbyrne wrote:
           | imo this is less of a technical issue and more of a
           | regulatory one in 2024. Sending and receiving large amounts
           | of btc/eth for instance might take a minute. For lower value
           | point of sale transactions you don't really have to wait. And
           | that's money in your pocket at that point not an IOU like a
           | pending transaction at a US bank. Paying capital gains on
           | transactions and constantly changing value dampens adoption
           | quite a bit though
        
             | shuntress wrote:
             | You could maybe call it a technical issue or an issue of
             | adoption but the fact is that no one is scanning Monero
             | wallet QR codes to buy coffee.
        
         | medellin wrote:
         | I mean i have been using bitcoin for the past 6 years to send
         | money to people outside the country with little issue.
         | 
         | I know it's hard to imagine for the west but places exist where
         | working around the local financial system is a huge benefit.
        
       | bawolff wrote:
       | > Basically, Ethereum is no longer just a financial ecosystem.
       | It's a full-stack replacement for large parts of "centralized
       | tech", and even provides some things that centralized tech does
       | not (eg. governance-related applications). And we need to build
       | with this broader ecosystem in mind.
       | 
       | I have respect for ethereum. It seems like one of the few
       | cryptocurrency projects actually trying to push those ideas as
       | far as they'll go, instead of just being endless scams.
       | 
       | But still, at the end of the day, this feels like endless
       | complexity and in the end we are just back we started:
       | applications we could already do much better using traditional
       | technologies.
       | 
       | What even is the elevator pitch use case of all this?
        
         | kinakomochidayo wrote:
         | > What even is the elevator pitch use case of all this?
         | 
         | > It's a full-stack replacement for large parts of "centralized
         | tech"
         | 
         | Anti-censorship, permissionless data that lasts longer than
         | centralized companies..?
        
         | smoovb wrote:
         | My (non-crypto) company uses USDC daily on L2 Arbitrum for
         | international settlement, and have seen the fees drop to a few
         | cents per transaction with the release of blobs. We have
         | replaced the need for wires/TransferWise/Revolut on several of
         | our routes.
        
           | anonymousDan wrote:
           | Awesome. Can I ask the name of your company?
        
           | defiamazing wrote:
           | There is absolutely no reason for USDC to be on a blockchain
           | other than to interact with DeFi. Once DeFi hype dies USDC
           | will be instantly outcompeted by a centralized solution. It's
           | multisig controlled anyway so it's the same thing.
        
         | Destiner wrote:
         | Here's an elevator pitch. Your twitter/facebook/github account
         | gets banned, what do you do? With farcaster/lens/radicle, it's
         | impossible.
        
           | thisgoesnowhere wrote:
           | Direct RSS from the source does this as well. What's the
           | difference?
        
       | ForHackernews wrote:
       | > On March 13, the Dencun hard fork activated, enabling one of
       | the long-awaited features of Ethereum: proto-danksharding (aka
       | EIP-4844, aka blobs). Initially, the fork reduced the transaction
       | fees of rollups by a factor of over 100, as blobs were nearly
       | free. In the last day, we finally saw blobs spike up in volume
       | and the fee market activate as the blobscriptions protocol
       | started to use them. Blobs are not free, but they remain much
       | cheaper than calldata.
       | 
       | > proto-danksharding
       | 
       | > rollups
       | 
       | > blobscriptions
       | 
       | > calldata
       | 
       | I realize this post is the High Priest of Ethereum preaching to
       | his disciples, but we are deep deep into "how many angels can
       | dance on the head of a pin?" territory here.
       | 
       | Does anyone know if you can use multiple slurp juices on a single
       | danksharded blob?
        
       | digger495 wrote:
       | They should shove it _waaaaay_ up their butthole.
        
       | throwaway22032 wrote:
       | People who still think cryptocurrency is pointless are like
       | fundamentalist Christians saying that condoms are pointless.
       | 
       | You're trying to imagine away the use cases because you don't
       | agree with them.
        
       | conradev wrote:
       | > Today, we have all the tools we'll need, and indeed most of the
       | tools we'll ever have, to build applications that are
       | simultaneously cypherpunk and user-friendly.
       | 
       | > The Daimo wallet is explicitly describing itself as Venmo on
       | Ethereum, aiming to combine Venmo's convenience with Ethereum's
       | decentralization
       | 
       | I will forever point this out, but Venmo has a "Private" setting.
       | Your balance on Ethereum is public, as is any transaction you
       | send.
       | 
       | It just isn't a viable replacement for cash
        
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