[HN Gopher] Peter principle
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Peter principle
        
       Author : steelbrain
       Score  : 253 points
       Date   : 2024-03-27 20:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | nextworddev wrote:
       | Hmm dunno, I have seen 1) people rising >2 levels above their
       | level of incompetence, as well as 2) people staying <2 levels
       | below their worth.
       | 
       | What's definitely true is that actual level / title don't match
       | perfectly with "competence" which itself is a nebulous concept in
       | many companies.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | An argument _for_ discrimination is that one then gets highly
         | talented people from the discriminated-against class who stick
         | upon their glass ceilings; I first heard this hypothesis as the
         | British empire having been headed by English but run by Irish,
         | Native, Scots, and Welsh administrators.
         | 
         | (alternative to avoid relying on discrimination: apply "up or
         | out"?)
        
           | rocqua wrote:
           | What about up or down?
           | 
           | If someone has reached their level of incompetence, bump them
           | back to the previous level with their current pay. Apparently
           | they were excellent at that previous level, and don't have
           | room to grow right now. So put them to use at that previous
           | level.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | that's also found in the military, as a "brevet rank"
        
         | sorokod wrote:
         | I believe that example 1) is addressed in the article as
         | "percussive sublimation".
        
       | Jimmc414 wrote:
       | The peter principle assumes that competence in one role
       | automatically translates to less competence in a higher role. If
       | you follow this logic and reverse it, then it would be safe to
       | assume that Steve Jobs would have been one of the best data entry
       | clerks ever employed by Apple.
        
         | seb1204 wrote:
         | I always understood that a person being competent in role A is
         | being promoted because of being good paired with maybe personal
         | or/and corporate development goals. Once in the new role, with
         | likely higher pay, it is very unlikely to go back. Instead of
         | going back the person will try to stay afloat in the new role.
         | Some will rise to the challenge others not.
        
         | jmholla wrote:
         | > The peter principle assumes that competence in one role
         | automatically translates to less competence in a higher role.
         | 
         | No it doesn't. It just says that if you're good at your job,
         | you'll get promoted. If you're not, you'll stay where you are.
         | So you either are good at your job and can be promoted or
         | you're bad at your job. You can be good at your current job and
         | other forces outside of competence are preventing that
         | advancement.
         | 
         | And so, there is no logic to reverse and make that assumption.
         | Also, for your reversal, Steve Jobs would've needs to start as
         | a data entry clerk. Reversing this doesn't mean any job below
         | you is where you came from.
        
           | Jimmc414 wrote:
           | > No it doesn't. It just says that if you're good at your
           | job, you'll get promoted.
           | 
           | Respectfully, that's exactly what it says. Why else would
           | someone get promoted "until they reach a level at which they
           | are no longer competent" if one's competence increases with a
           | promotion? e.g. Some people are intuitively better at
           | managing people than they are at programming.
        
             | TheCoelacanth wrote:
             | And those people who are good at management will get
             | promoted to directors. The ones who aren't remain
             | incompetent managers.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | And some will be better at being a director than they
               | were as a manager.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | But those aren't the ones who earn a promotion from
               | manager. The people who are good at being manager earn
               | those.
        
               | scaredginger wrote:
               | And some won't, so they'll remain directors
        
               | TheCoelacanth wrote:
               | And those ones will become senior directors, and so on.
               | The principle isn't that no one will ever be good at
               | their job; it's that they won't stay in that job long-
               | term if they are good.
        
             | jmholla wrote:
             | It does not. To quote Wikipedia [0]:
             | 
             | > employees are promoted based on their success in previous
             | jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer
             | competent, as skills in one job do not necessarily
             | translate to another.
             | 
             | That does not translate to or imply that:
             | 
             | > The peter principle assumes that competence in one role
             | automatically translates to less competence in a higher
             | role.
             | 
             | It is saying you will keep getting promoted until you are
             | incompetent. You can be more competent at a higher role
             | without violating the Peter Principle. That would be
             | another point at which you would be promoted working your
             | way towards incompetence. The Peter Principle just says you
             | were competent at each step in the ladder until you got to
             | the point you weren't promoted anymore because you are
             | incompetent at it.
             | 
             | You're then take another logical leap in saying that
             | promotion to the next level means you are competent at
             | every job on every career path that could get you to that
             | level. The Peter Principle only talks about your own career
             | path.
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_principle
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | I quoted directly from the source you provided.
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | I was going to comment on this thread but realized I had
               | reached my level of incompetence at explaining things to
               | other people on the internet.
        
               | fourthark wrote:
               | You'll never get promoted with that attitude.
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | I will have to be satisfied with being a foot-soldier in
               | the online user generated content wars. Alas.
        
               | jmholla wrote:
               | I do not see your verbiage on that page. Can you point me
               | to it?
               | 
               | Edit: You seem to be referring to this quote of yours:
               | 
               | > Why else would someone get promoted "until they reach a
               | level at which they are no longer competent" if one's
               | competence increases with a promotion?
               | 
               | My response explained why your leaps in logic don't make
               | sense. That line just means there's a point at which
               | their skills won't apply. Not that every rung above
               | results in reduced competence. You can be better and
               | better and then worse and the Peter Principle would still
               | be applicable.
               | 
               | The Peter Principle is just about the changing
               | competencies as one rises and how one hits a wall.
        
               | Jimmc414 wrote:
               | You make valid points, and your interpretation is likely
               | a more accurate interpretation of the Peter Principle.
        
         | rocqua wrote:
         | The principle just requires that competence at job A doesn't
         | guarantee competence at the job you are promoted to after A.
         | You would get the same results if competence at a job were
         | random.
         | 
         | Notably it also suggests people could be great at high level
         | jobs but never reach them because they aren't good at the low
         | level ones.
        
       | habitue wrote:
       | Biggest constraint on this principle is that you can get promoted
       | to a level where getting promoted again requires someone else
       | quitting. That doesn't really imply anything about your
       | competence.
       | 
       | Usually if you're blocked from advancing though, you'll move on
       | to another company that needs someone in the higher role
        
         | kovezd wrote:
         | > getting promoted again requires someone else quitting.
         | 
         | I can imagine this being true for 80% of high-mamager
         | positions. But there's also a good portion of leadership
         | positions that get created with new lines of business.
         | 
         | That is blue ocean thinking. Generally, it will give you more
         | ownership about the outcome of your career.
        
       | mattgreenrocks wrote:
       | There's a Freakonomics podcast about this topic that's worth a
       | listen.
       | 
       | It helped me work through what it felt like to be in this
       | position. I'd class myself as a reluctant staff eng at this point
       | who has no wish to progress further at this time.
       | 
       | Most interesting part of the podcast is how it talks about how
       | companies know this happens but let it happen anyways because
       | it's the least of all evils on their eyes.
       | 
       | One suggestion to beat it is wild: random promotions. As I've
       | gotten older and seen how titles/pay are tied closely to
       | experience and age I've started to see that maybe it isn't the
       | worst idea. It does, however, absolutely murder the method of
       | meritocracy.
        
         | Willish42 wrote:
         | https://freakonomics.com/podcast/why-are-there-so-many-bad-b...
         | 
         | link for the lazy
        
         | random99292 wrote:
         | I just listened to the episode and I am not sure I buy their
         | premise why bad managers exists. There are many reason why
         | someone get promoted into a managerial position, but saying
         | it's because they were good at their current job seems
         | simplistic and a broad generalization.
         | 
         | I am also skeptical of their claim about sales numbers and how
         | effective their managerial skills are. Correlation is not
         | causation, and averages is a horrible way to judge if a person
         | will be a good manager.
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | > I am also skeptical of their claim about sales numbers and
           | how effective their managerial skills are.
           | 
           | That's exactly the issue: there's no causal link. They could
           | be good at both; indeed, this is what the org is banking on.
           | But it's just as likely you're good at sales and not as good
           | at management.
        
             | random99292 wrote:
             | I probably misunderstood it, but what I heard it as you can
             | be a good manager even if you don't have knowledge on what
             | you are managing.
        
         | datascienced wrote:
         | I would hate random promotions. They might then actually
         | promote me. Increasing salary is a different matter; please do
         | that!
        
       | wrp wrote:
       | Since first hearing about the Peter principle, I've wondered
       | whether it would work to just make all promotions probationary.
        
         | influx wrote:
         | Most places I've worked require you to be operating at the
         | level you're going to be promoted to before you get actually
         | promoted.
        
           | helpfulmandrill wrote:
           | But you can't e.g. prove your ability to manage without being
           | given a team to manage...
        
         | Willish42 wrote:
         | Some big tech organizations basically do this without the pay.
         | Essentially in some FAANG corps, you have to prove having
         | worked at L+1 while still at L to get promoted to L+1.
         | 
         | In my biased / personal experience, the veracity of such a bar
         | kinda deteriorates over time and the short average tenure makes
         | most promo processes corrupt B.S. when folks are more
         | incentivized to just quit and join somewhere else for more
         | money.
         | 
         | Also, this process and your suggestion at a "probation" tends
         | to motivate working harder for the window being measured,
         | regardless of how actually adept or well equipped the person is
         | at the level for which they're trying to illustrate competence.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The problem is the step function differences. Someone may be
           | an exceptional individual contributor but a lousy manager
           | even at a relatively low level. A manager of a small team may
           | not be great at handling a big team that may need to be
           | realigned.
           | 
           | Some of it's about a company having reasonable tracks for
           | people depending upon their preferences. But people may also
           | have preferences they're just not suited for.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | > You have to prove having worked at L+1 while still at L to
           | get promoted to L+1.
           | 
           | Yes, and this line of thinking has spread to many orgs. And
           | as you point out people tend to just move elsewhere instead.
           | 
           | The length of the observation window is one thing, and more
           | fundamentally employees are asked to work above their pay
           | grade in hope for it to be noticed/recognized, which is never
           | a fun thing to do.
           | 
           | Then comes the responsibility problem: If a dev want to
           | become a manager, there's no way to let them deal with HR,
           | write performance reviews and do 1 on 1s including private
           | information as a trial. They need the actual role inked in
           | their contract, have people treat them as a manager. They
           | can't be doing it as a role playing exercice. A probation
           | period could work, but I think it would be pretty awkward to
           | have them step down after 3 months.
        
         | helpfulmandrill wrote:
         | Even better, have time-limited temporary promotions, which
         | automatically revert after 6 months or a year. Permanent
         | promotions are generally only available to those who have done
         | a temporary promotion in the past.
         | 
         | That gives the organisation a way to tell if you are ready for
         | permanent promotion, but removes the humiliating experience of
         | "not passing your probation".
        
         | P_I_Staker wrote:
         | This doesn't seem to work so great in practice. Same story for
         | demotions and pay reductions. Not that they can't happen. It's
         | just not the norm for understandable reasons.
        
       | everly wrote:
       | A good scene in 30 Rock is when Tracy is told about the Peter
       | Principle and responds "but my incompetence knows no bounds!"
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | The assumption here is that being good at a job is what 'earns' a
       | promotion.
       | 
       | In fact, it can be the opposite; why risk promoting someone to a
       | new role, when they are doing great at the current one?
       | 
       | What actually marks someone for promotion is clear potential for
       | the target role, sometimes despite a not-so-good current
       | performance, indeed sometimes because of it.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | That's the "Dilbert Principal:" Promote incompetent employees
         | to management to minimize their ability to harm productivity.
        
       | BobbyTables2 wrote:
       | This is all fine for lower levels.
       | 
       | For executives, there are only a few paths:
       | 
       | - take over your boss's job when they retire/get fired. (One can
       | slowly go from individual contributor to vice president this
       | way!)
       | 
       | - fit non-competence based corporate goals and have the polish to
       | visibly demonstrate such (industry track record not required!).
       | More about fluff than stuff...
       | 
       | - have strong corporate political alliances with higher leaders
       | 
       | None of this has anything to do with vision, ability, or merit.
        
         | ranger207 wrote:
         | If promotions are based on metrics (and they always are, even
         | if the metric is "how much do I like this guy"), then you can
         | either try to increase your score in that metric as much as
         | possible, or you can game the metric as much as possible to
         | make it look like your score in the metric is high. Most of the
         | people at the executive level have been doing the latter so
         | long that the former just isn't really considered at that level
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | _This is all fine for lower levels_
         | 
         | More likely the other way round; if there are more options at
         | lower levels - as you imply - then there are more ways for the
         | principle to be countered or defeated.
         | 
         |  _None of this has anything to do with vision, ability, or
         | merit._
         | 
         | Unfortunately, if you take the principle seriously, that's
         | pretty much exactly what it has to do with.
        
       | OhMeadhbh wrote:
       | George Marshall who was, among other things, Chief of Staff of
       | the Army during WWII was lauded for his policy of yanking
       | commanding generals if they didn't adapt to new positions
       | quickly. But he lessened the stigma of being relieved by
       | transferring them to other commands, still at flag rank. Several
       | commanders early in '42 were removed from commanding infantry
       | divisions, but were given commands of units in combat support or
       | material support or training where they went on to deliver
       | stellar service. So it was like finding the right guy (and it
       | definitely was a guy back in those days) for the right job.
       | 
       | This is in contrast to continental armies with aristocratic
       | baggage who found it difficult to fire flag grade commanders
       | (looking at you, monty.)
       | 
       | But the political risk to his own career was enormous and the
       | only way he got away with it was with the full support of FDR and
       | his reputation earned partially as Pershing's Chief of Staff in
       | WWI.
       | 
       | He is also the only person in the US Army to be considered for
       | the rank of Field Marshall, mostly because FDR thought it would
       | be funny to have Field Marshal Marshall.
       | 
       | Which is to say... you might be able to cheat the Peter
       | Principal, but the amount of effort seems great and you would
       | have to work very hard to sooth the egos of those demoted or
       | reframe the demotion as a lateral xfer.
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > He is also the only person in the US Army to be considered
         | for the rank of Field Marshall, mostly because FDR thought it
         | would be funny to have Field Marshal Marshall.
         | 
         | According to Wikipedia, he got an equivalent rank that was
         | named "General of the Army" It was not called "Field Marshal"
         | because having a "Marshal Marshall" was considered undignified
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_marshal#United_States:)
        
           | OhMeadhbh wrote:
           | _considered_ for the rank of field marshal. i did not imply
           | he was promoted to field marshal. and even then, it was very
           | likely just a joke.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | well then you should have implied it because he was
             | promoted to a rank equivalent to field marshall, 5 star
             | general. (neither rank existed at the time, and when the
             | rank was created, "field marshall" was eschewed as a name
             | for it)
        
               | OhMeadhbh wrote:
               | it would have been inaccurate to say George Marshall was
               | promoted to Field Marshal, because he wasn't. He was
               | promoted to General of the Army. It's sort of like saying
               | someone who was promoted to Gunner in the Marines is a
               | Chief Warrant Officer. The two are equivalent in rank,
               | but very different roles in their organizations. And if
               | you referred to a Navy Captain as a Colonel, people would
               | look at you funny, even though the two are considered
               | equivalent rank.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | It's quite normal and ordinary to say and execute as if,
               | for example, a "Group Captain" in a Commonwealth air
               | force is the equivalent to a "Colonel" in the US Air
               | Force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_comparative_
               | military_r...
               | 
               | The US doesn't have a Field Marshall rank; European
               | forces do. The promotion of Gen Marshall to five star
               | general was intended to make rational the lines and ranks
               | of command, including between coordinated forces of
               | allied nations.
               | 
               | it's not the name of the title that matters, it's the
               | rank in the hierarchy.
        
           | bdw5204 wrote:
           | I imagine that's where Joseph Heller got the idea for a
           | character named Major Major Major Major:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Major_Major_Major
        
         | ranger207 wrote:
         | It's interesting reading about WWII generals because they're so
         | well-studied it's relatively easy to notice patterns about
         | them. One is that there were a few different types based on
         | what they were good at. Patton was a good tactician and
         | (mostly) beloved by his men; Eisenhower was a logistician with
         | little experience actually commanding but he got along with
         | everyone; Nimitz was good at delegating (aka finding the right
         | man for the job); etc. A lot of leadership stuff is universal,
         | but then a lot of it is also dependent on what's needed for the
         | job, and a person's skills and leadership patterns may not be
         | exactly what's needed for the job. The Peter Principle is that
         | if you do a good job you get promoted, as you get promoted it
         | gets harder, eventually you reach a point where your skills
         | aren't enough to overcome the next level of difficulty
         | increase. Most people would probably be able to go a lot
         | further if they were fit into the right positions to use their
         | particular leadership pattern
        
           | throwaway458864 wrote:
           | > A lot of leadership stuff is universal, but then a lot of
           | it is also dependent on what's needed for the job, and a
           | person's skills and leadership patterns may not be exactly
           | what's needed for the job.
           | 
           | Leadership is what's needed for leadership jobs. It's in the
           | title. All leadership is the same: inspire the troops, block
           | the bullshit, elevate the good shit. How you do that changes
           | by rank.
           | 
           | > The Peter Principle is that if you do a good job you get
           | promoted, as you get promoted it gets harder, eventually you
           | reach a point where your skills aren't enough to overcome the
           | next level of difficulty increase.
           | 
           | The Peter Principle isn't about difficulty, it's about skill
           | set. As you climb the ranks you need a different skill set.
           | The job isn't harder, the job is different.
        
             | OhMeadhbh wrote:
             | > The Peter Principle isn't about difficulty, it's about
             | skill set. As you climb the ranks you need a different
             | skill set. The job isn't harder, the job is different.
             | 
             | This is a great observation and think it isn't very well
             | described when talking about the Peter Principal. My Dad
             | retired as a Colonel and required a LOT of political
             | skills. He said he wasn't really interested in the politics
             | of being a flag grade officer and thought he was too old to
             | learn them. Me, on the other hand, never progressed past
             | small unit command. And never even got to the point where
             | politics were a major part of my job. In my unit we were
             | all just trying to not get killed and find opportunities to
             | use the logistics training we received.
        
             | maxrecursion wrote:
             | > Leadership is what's needed for leadership jobs. It's in
             | the title. All leadership is the same: inspire the troops,
             | block the bullshit, elevate the good shit. How you do that
             | changes by rank.
             | 
             | A big part of leadership, which might be covered under your
             | 'block the bullshit' point, is fighting the higher level
             | managerial battles, and only relying on your lower level
             | staff for their specialized support.
             | 
             | If there is one thing I hate about some managers is
             | throwing their employees to fight political battles with
             | other managers, or high level Executives, while the manager
             | hides in the bushes.
             | 
             | The manager's job is to fight those battles, and yet I've
             | seen them hide from them a lot, while using their workers
             | as shields.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | > If there is one thing I hate about some managers is
               | throwing their employees to fight political battles with
               | other managers, or high level Executives, while the
               | manager hides in the bushes.
               | 
               | The "never bring a knife to a gunfight" rule of
               | management.
        
         | keybored wrote:
         | > So it was like finding the right guy (and it definitely was a
         | guy back in those days) for the right job.
         | 
         | I almost spit out my coffee while reading HN. "Holy shit" I
         | think to myself, "the second world war _was_ a boys club!" My
         | mind reels as a I pace the room and look at my Condoleezza Rice
         | and RBG posters. "How many potential career women did WWII hold
         | back? And in turn their daughters and granddaughters from the
         | lack of example and inspiration that those women could set?" I
         | now know that I have a new research project on my hands. The
         | electric typewriter beckons.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Wehrmacht gave great support from the sides.
         | 
         | At the beginning of the war, American flag officers were
         | humiliated by their much more experienced and skillful
         | Wehrmacht counterparts. Lt. Gen Lloyd Fredendall and other
         | fools just had to go or the war would end before it started. It
         | was a natural evolution.
         | 
         | The only subpar American general who thrived in WWII was Gen.
         | Douglas MacArthur. He came out of every mess he created with a
         | hero's reputation. He could fix everything with a bombastic
         | speech and infinite self-confidence.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | So MacArthur had a "reality-distortion field" like Steve
           | Jobs? Interesting.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | > but the amount of effort seems great
         | 
         | You "just" have to consider moves through the managing pyramid
         | and promotions to be independent concepts.
         | 
         | I mean, this is basic stuff that you can read on any management
         | book. (Y careers, and the like.) And if you try it on the real
         | world, every single person will think you are crazy and fight
         | you (except for the competent ICs inside the organization).
        
         | sofrimiento wrote:
         | This is a interesting talk held on UC Berkeley about the
         | culture of firing officers during WWII:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxZWxxZ2JGE
         | 
         | Thomas E. Ricks main hypothesis is that the US failures in
         | Vietnam, Afghanistan and Iraq can be attributed to the culture
         | of firing under-performing disappearing.
         | 
         | It mirrors what I've seen in a lot of organizations as well,
         | under-performing executives keeping their jobs when they
         | shouldn't.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > He is also the only person in the US Army to be considered
         | for the rank of Field Marshall, mostly because FDR thought it
         | would be funny to have Field Marshal Marshall.
         | 
         | Considering that when the 5-star rank (General of the Army) to
         | which he was promoted had three other people promoted to it at
         | the same time, if he was considered for promotion to Field
         | Marshal but they ended up choosing a different name for the
         | rank, he probably wasn't the only one.
        
       | spott wrote:
       | The peters principle makes an assumption about the convexity of
       | competency that I've never thought was great. Essentially someone
       | could get promoted to their level of incompetence, when if they
       | were promoted again they would actually get better at their job.
       | 
       | There is an implicit assumption that competence at job a is less
       | than competence at a job b above job a, which isn't necessarily
       | true.
        
         | abadpoli wrote:
         | I don't think there is that implicit assumption. My
         | understanding of the principle is that a person would never get
         | "promoted again", because their incompetence at their level
         | prevents it.
         | 
         | Essentially: if you're good at a job, you get promoted out of
         | it. If you're not good at a job, you don't get promoted out of
         | it. So the end state for everyone is that they remain in jobs
         | they are not good at.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | That's brilliant ...
           | 
           | Or a brilliant restatement if the original peter principle
           | (to gives props eleswwhere :-)
           | 
           | So we just stop promotions ... I think ???
        
             | the_cramer wrote:
             | Where i work the only way to get a noticeable jump in
             | salary is promotion. I call this "horizontal scaling" of
             | salaries. I believe the "vertical scaling" of salaries
             | would be a better fit. Some already have it in tariffs,
             | most of the time there are tough limits to what you can
             | earn as "simple developer/project manager/sales clerk".
             | 
             | So yes, probably promotions are not the right action often,
             | but the other options need to be improved.
             | 
             | edit: i lacked the explanation of vertical scaling: rising
             | salary in the job you are currently doing and building
             | expertise and experience. Opposed to being horizontally
             | moved to a whole different job where your expertise is
             | probably worse.
        
           | mare5x wrote:
           | So people that are good at their jobs should be kept on the
           | brink of promotion for as long as possible?
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Promotion should not be into a different job.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | If you're doing the same job after your promotion it's
               | not really a promotion, it's just a pay rise with extra
               | steps.
        
             | eschneider wrote:
             | That's not a good recipe for retention of quality people.
        
             | BeetleB wrote:
             | Or simply pay them more without a promotion. That's what
             | bonuses are for.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | I'm personally of the opinion that promotion and pay
               | rises should be entirely separate discussions and it
               | should be both possible and normal to get one without the
               | other. In fact you should have to work your new position
               | for at least 6 month after a promotion before you can
               | discuss any pay rise.
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | Ideally you should evaluate if a person will be good in the
             | new position, where they will be promoted. Don't know if
             | that's always possible, or how easy it is.
             | 
             | Also, maybe if someone is bad at their job, they should be
             | demoted or otherwise moved. It's another way to break the
             | convergence to people unfit to their positions.
        
           | scaryclam wrote:
           | Though, I have seen on more than one occasion someone
           | promoted again and again after reaching their level of
           | incompetance. This seems to be more driven by the
           | incompetance of the person/people doing the promoting to
           | cover their tracks though. They can't be seen as incompetant
           | themselves, so they move the original incompetant employee up
           | the ladder again, but to the side so they're less able to
           | cause problems, but still look good.
        
         | P_I_Staker wrote:
         | It's often misunderstood, IMO. It's not purely about
         | hierarchies and eventually "advancing" until you aren't
         | talented enough to do the job (because the higher jobs are
         | harder).
         | 
         | Lots of the Scott Adams types misunderstand it this way,
         | because they have a "40 rules of power" perspective. It works
         | better as like a law of nature and physics. Perhaps even better
         | as a mathematic or logical rule (don't know the exact name,
         | axium? law?). Could even be considered a paradox of sorts.
         | 
         | Think of it like this: Assuming an organization promotes people
         | that excel at their jobs, but not if they are incompetent. Draw
         | a flowchart. If someone succeeds what happens? If they fail
         | what happens? (not clear, but it isn't really mentioned if the
         | incompetent ones are fired).
         | 
         | Either way it's a guarantee under this system that all will be
         | promoted to incompetence. You could even compare it to an ideal
         | system like circuits. Yeah the real world doesn't work exactly
         | like this, but it kinda can.
         | 
         | So, it's not about the above job being more challenging per se.
         | You might just not have the right stuff. You could even add
         | being accepted by the team or boss, because you can't be
         | successful otherwise (though I dislike this one).
         | 
         | Actually, I tend to think it's the drive to "advance" that's
         | the problem, and unwillingness to just pay senior people more
         | (though there's often good reasons there too).
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | Sometimes I wonder if Stalin had the right idea. Purge the
           | leadership every so often to start with a clean slate. Of
           | course this only works with bureaucracies and not things that
           | require tons of experience. You also have to have somewhere
           | for them to move on to if you don't want to murder them or
           | ship them to Siberia.
        
             | P_I_Staker wrote:
             | Was this strategy very successful?
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Successful in what regard? Stalin ended up dying of
               | natural causes, Russia and Ukraine transformed from a
               | backwards agrarian economy to a despotic industrial
               | economy, the Soviet Army took a good chunk of Europe
               | during WWII, the Soviet Union became a superpower, and
               | during his rule it could be argued that the Soviet
               | bureaucracy was incredibly efficient. I don't actually
               | think we should take Stalin as a role-model for how to
               | run a government (I was being tongue-in-cheek in my above
               | comment) but it is amazing what you can accomplish when
               | you have a total disregard for human rights, all of the
               | levers of the State, a ruthless secret police, and an
               | enormous amount of natural resources.
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | Why doesn't anyone consider things like demotion, lateral
             | motion or promotion contingent on an evaluation of fit for
             | the target role? Must we jump directly to "never promote
             | anyone" or "Stalin-type purges"? Are there really so few
             | options?
        
               | google234123 wrote:
               | people have too much pride for demotion - risk to the
               | company too
        
             | ordu wrote:
             | If you have something else, they will not be trying so
             | hard.
             | 
             | Generally, to make people try hard you need either
             | punishments for not working or some benefits. Skinner
             | proposed a little more complex classifications:
             | positive/negative punishment/reinforcement[1]. Positive
             | when you react by bringing punishment or reinforcement,
             | negative if you remove them. So four different kinds of
             | operant conditioning. His findings are not directly
             | applicable to human subjects, but they are not completely
             | irrelevant either.
             | 
             | So if you are trying to fix Stalin's system towards more
             | humanism,... I have two ideas:
             | 
             | 1. Negative punishment: make lives of highly ranked
             | bureaucrats miserable, with the "promotion" as the only way
             | to stop their misery.
             | 
             | 2. Positive reinforcement: make a promotion for them to be
             | a dream of their lives.
             | 
             | I'd try (1), with (2) conditionally on their performance.
             | This way you could get an endless stream of applicants to
             | pick from, and they really-really would do their best to
             | move to the last part of their life, even if they turned
             | out to be incompetents.
             | 
             | The only problem is how to distinguish short term and long
             | term successes.
             | 
             | PS. Please don't get it too seriously, I was carried away
             | by the idea of good Stalin.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related threads below. The 1974 video is fun:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39wzku9KIEM.
       | 
       |  _Peter Principle_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33855815 - Dec 2022 (5
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle (1974) [video]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32627396 - Aug 2022 (39
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle: Are you at your level of incompetence?
       | (1974) [video]_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32243969 -
       | July 2022 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24433059 - Sept 2020 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Tested_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19797375 - May 2019 (47
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle is a joke taken seriously. Is it true?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17845289 - Aug 2018 (108
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study (2009)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17301215 - June 2018 (50
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Isn 't Just Real, It's Costly_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16972249 - May 2018 (48
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2270053 - Feb 2011 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1121507 - Feb 2010 (1
       | comment)
        
         | smilingsun wrote:
         | It's very interesting with this perspective of internet
         | popularity of the concept.
         | 
         | I remember the Wikipedia entry from a long time ago as much
         | shorter than the current version, so went back in time.
         | 
         | In 2018, the article was much shorter:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_principle&o...
         | 
         | But I really like the visualization in the 2018 version:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peters_principle.svg.
         | 
         | And as I can learn from other HN comments below, there was
         | indeed real studies conducted in 2018, so the comical/logical
         | hypothesis has been further developed and empirical evidence is
         | now also there.
        
         | biercarsten wrote:
         | Theres also a nice short movie in german (english subtitles
         | included): - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGhTBqLkrZ4
        
       | jensenbox wrote:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39wzku9KIEM
        
       | amackera wrote:
       | People aren't static, nor are companies or roles within them.
       | Treating every person as unchanging and treating the requirements
       | of each level in the hierarchy as unchanging are just plain bad
       | assumptions to make.
       | 
       | People grow. Companies change.
       | 
       | This book was meant as satire, and the fact that so many people
       | take it as fact is honestly quite concerning.
        
         | gpuhacker wrote:
         | From the wiki page:
         | 
         | "In 2018, professors Alan Benson, Danielle Li, and Kelly Shue
         | analyzed sales workers' performance and promotion practices at
         | 214 American businesses to test the veracity of the Peter
         | principle. They found that these companies tended to promote
         | employees to a management position based on their performance
         | in their previous position, rather than based on managerial
         | potential. Consistent with the Peter principle, the researchers
         | found that high performing sales employees were likelier to be
         | promoted, and that they were likelier to perform poorly as
         | managers, leading to considerable costs to the
         | businesses.[15][16][2]"
        
           | kbolino wrote:
           | The Peter Principle might be downstream of the Monotonic Pay
           | Scale, where it is expected that a person who manages others
           | must be paid more than any of them. Conversely, no matter how
           | good you are or how much money you are making the business,
           | you will reach a point where your pay is effectively capped
           | unless you transition to management.
           | 
           | The government suffers from this especially, despite an
           | ostensibly very different incentive structure. The explosion
           | in government contractors (by which I mean, individuals
           | indirectly employed to do jobs in lieu of direct hires) seems
           | to be driven in no small part by this problem.
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | > This book was meant as satire, and the fact that so many
         | people take it as fact is honestly quite concerning.
         | 
         | The article says it was satire but it also says it was based on
         | their real research. Also satire doesn't necessarily mean
         | something is meant to be untrue
        
           | kitd wrote:
           | Indeed, satire is _meant_ to uncover hidden truths
           | subversively.
        
           | 2devnull wrote:
           | Yep, many "just-so" stories have some aspect of truth. I feel
           | like people citing the Peter principle as a cliche
           | explanation for many things that are likely to be
           | overdetermined probably correlates with intelligence, as it
           | takes greater intelligence to consider more complicated
           | models of career advancement.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I know the book is satire, but I've never actually witnessed this
       | concept at play. What I have witnessed, many times, are people
       | who always were incompetent rising because they are good at the
       | social and political aspects of the workplace.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | You've never seen a great developer turn into an awful manager
         | after a promotion and then stay at that level?
        
           | datascienced wrote:
           | Most of the time no, they self select out of it and "go back
           | to coding again".
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | It's astonishing how many people come to me with a Peter
       | Principle story from their own work. It's also incredible just
       | how many people from all walks of life experience that they are
       | working with incompetents.
       | 
       | What I'd throw in there as well is competence noise. The people
       | who are sitting with someone day-to-day can tell whether they are
       | competent. But the person who decides who gets promoted is
       | somehow blind to this.
        
         | greyman wrote:
         | >But the person who decides who gets promoted is somehow blind
         | to this.
         | 
         | Sometimes yes, but I also observed that sometimes it was
         | necessary to do, since no other suitable person showed up.
         | 
         | Also, I would add that what surprises me how slowly many people
         | can improve.
        
         | pi-e-sigma wrote:
         | Actually it's not universally true that people working closely
         | together know who is competent and who is not. Because you
         | yourself need to be competent to know if others are doing a
         | good job or not. If you are surrounded by incompetent morons
         | you as likely might be labeled as incompetent by them and since
         | they are the majority you lose the battle. It doesn't even have
         | to be done on purpose by the morons, they just don't know they
         | are bad at what they are are doing and create a kind of a
         | circlejerk re-assuring themselves
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Yes!
           | 
           | Incompetent manager: "Hey uh can you pop open that firewall
           | for me?"
           | 
           | Me: "That's against corporate policy. You'd need to follow
           | procedure xyz."
           | 
           | Incompetent manager: "My good friend, J could open that
           | firewall in 15 mins flat. J opened the firewall for me 4
           | times last week. He could show you how if you don't know what
           | you are doing, its no problem."
           | 
           | Me: _Facepalming_ "Didn't you hear what I just said?"
           | 
           | Of course the above happens in a meeting with a congregation
           | of people.
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | I think the Peter Principle actually doesn't apply to hyper
       | competent people because we get the "You're too valuable in your
       | current position" treatment and therefore aren't given the
       | opportunity to rise at all.
       | 
       | By some interpretations, it sounds like it means that people who
       | are incompetent used to be competent before they were promoted
       | into their current position... But in fact, because the super-
       | competent candidates are locked into their low positions, it
       | ensures that the pool of candidates who are selected for
       | promotion consists mostly of moderately incompetent people...
       | Kind of like "I like this person and they are OK in their current
       | position but maybe if we promoted them, we'll get that spark
       | going..." But, surprise surprise, they never attain excellence.
        
         | wccrawford wrote:
         | I don't know that it's about being "hyper competent" so much as
         | it's about being competent in a niche position that is
         | incredibly hard to fill. I think after a while you could argue
         | that that person is indeed "hyper competent", but the situation
         | actually starts before that point.
        
       | zmmmmm wrote:
       | I am a living example of this principle! They should use me as an
       | example in the textbook.
        
       | stareatgoats wrote:
       | The "Peter principle" rests on the assumption that organizations
       | are rational meritocracies, and will reward people that are
       | competent at their given task. And those organizations may
       | (still) exist, but they are not the norm, at least not in my
       | experience.
       | 
       | I propose another, more important, principle as an explanation
       | for the obvious incompetence of many managers:
       | 
       | Competent people are a source of pain to higher levels of
       | management, because they don't just say "yes boss", they will
       | tend to point out the risks of flying blind, offer a better
       | solution than what was recently clubbed at the board of directors
       | meeting, and have ethical guardrails regarding what chemicals to
       | put in the product, how to treat coworkers, etc. They are
       | brilliant at their tasks, but have opinions that go beyond their
       | designated area, they are expensive and demanding. And they
       | usually end up getting the can, with or without a severance pay.
       | And the incompetent, but "yes boss"-employee gets the promotion
       | instead.
       | 
       | There you have it.
        
         | aftoprokrustes wrote:
         | This is, fortunately, not my experience. In all of my jobs, the
         | most highly regarded people, including by management, were/are
         | those who have an informed opinion and are confident enough to
         | voice it, and potentially take responsibilities outside of
         | their job description in order to steer the business in the
         | direction they are convinced is the right one. Note that this
         | handful persons I am referring to _also_ accept criticism and
         | correct their understanding when new information ia given to
         | them: they are not dogmatic jerks. Actually, all my managers
         | were this kind of person, with crazy ideas and not affraid to
         | disagree with anyone.
         | 
         | I also had one colleague who was brilliant and had strong
         | opinions about the product, which were expensive and demanding,
         | and was affected by a lay off wave. I think him being original,
         | not "focusing on the core product", and a strong character had
         | something to do with it, so of course it happens.
        
           | stareatgoats wrote:
           | > This is, fortunately, not my experience.
           | 
           | I'm happy for you. I have also had such workplaces, healthy
           | and dynamic organizations. Are they in the majority, or
           | somewhere in the middle in a normal distribution? Not sure,
           | but my guess is not.
        
             | flkiwi wrote:
             | My experience in very large organizations is that, other
             | than CEOs who can go either way, the very top levels are
             | extremely bright, surprisingly well-adjusted people.
             | Tensions arise because, from the perspective of the senior
             | leaders, VPs and below are indistinguishable from the most
             | junior employees, while from the VPs' perspective they are
             | themselves senior leaders, leading to all sorts of
             | friction.
             | 
             | It's a bizarre environment and I cannot believe how much
             | time I've spent in it.
        
           | rlpb wrote:
           | > in order to steer the business in the direction they are
           | convinced is the right one
           | 
           | It's also necessary to be able to accept that others have
           | other opinions and that to make progress everybody needs to
           | be pulling in the same direction. A decision must be made and
           | most of the time it's not going to be exactly what you're
           | convinced is the perfect direction. Yet, having said your
           | piece and perhaps having influenced the direction, it's
           | necessary to then support the final decision even if you
           | don't precisely agree with it.
           | 
           | A large proportion of people with the qualities you describe
           | are unable to do this, and therefore tend not to be highly
           | regarded by management.
           | 
           | Of course if you consistently find yourself at odds with the
           | eventual direction then you're better off being elsewhere.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | The problem here being that if you are competent you'll
             | find it a strain to work in an environment that (often)
             | does not listen to your advice, even if that means everyone
             | is pulling in the same direction.
             | 
             | It's nice for everyone else if they're all contentedly
             | pulling in the wrong direction, not so much for the one
             | that sees that direction for what it is.
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | In that case how are you sure that you are correct and
               | everyone else is wrong?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And you may be right and you may be wrong. But you'll
               | probably be happier if you go elsewhere.
        
           | rokkamokka wrote:
           | The other side of the coin is the needlessly defiant people.
           | These believe themselves to be those that "have an informed
           | opinion and are confident enough to voice it", but in reality
           | they just disagree with everything and everyone except
           | themselves. From a third party's point of view they're easy
           | to discern, however.
        
             | ttoinou wrote:
             | Oh those people disagree with themselves very often, that's
             | how you can recognize them
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | Finding a reason to echo someone's own opinion back at
               | them after a suitable time where they've forgotten they
               | voiced it is a very effective test for disagreeableness,
               | I've found. You don't need to chase them down about the
               | contradiction. Just note it and take appropriate future
               | actions.
               | 
               | It can even be a bit amusing, if they are insulting about
               | it, to watch them vigorous call themselves stupid for
               | expressing their previous opinions.
        
               | n1b wrote:
               | Agreed - and you will find not a single living person
               | will pass this test over time. Therefore, it's a
               | worthless, but deeply amusing, test. Human ignorance is
               | so pervasive it even applies to people like you :)
        
               | jerf wrote:
               | I can _tu quoque_ right back at you; can you conceive of
               | a person who expresses some opinion (and this includes
               | technical matters, things within the scope of your job,
               | opinions you are being paid to have, not just random
               | political things) only and solely because it is their
               | real opinion? No, if you came at with me with my own
               | opinion two weeks later, you would not find I have
               | radically shifted very often, and even less often without
               | realizing I 've shifted, and virtually never _insulting_
               | whoever held the opinion I held two weeks ago.
               | 
               | I don't base my opinions on whether or not I get to
               | contradict someone else. Clearly some people do.
        
               | qup wrote:
               | I find many of my previous positions to be stupid.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | Right, as should we all. The key question is, when you're
               | confronted with one of those opinions, do you defend it,
               | deny it, or renounce it?
        
             | Buttons840 wrote:
             | I'm probably one of these defiant people, so I want to
             | speak in their defense.
             | 
             | I really just want to be heard. I want to be heard and have
             | a response from someone who has comprehended my point of
             | view and fully engaged with it, but that rarely happens.
             | 
             | At my last job I was defiant because the company was
             | storing plain text passwords and PPI in the test database,
             | and every developer had access to it (I'm certain there is
             | a reader of this comment whose password I had access to
             | along with a good amount of PPI). I said this should be
             | fixed but nobody really engaged with what I was saying; we
             | had important product enhancements to work on. So I got
             | defiant and pushed really hard and burned some of my
             | political capital, made myself appear a trouble maker in
             | some people's minds, and in the end the PPI was removed
             | from the test database. This caused the test environment to
             | break and some tests needed to be fixed. They still store
             | plain text passwords though, because that assumption was
             | spread throughout the code. I would have continued pushing
             | to do the work and stop using plain text passwords, but I
             | was laid off.
             | 
             | If a company prioritizes profit over ethics you will find
             | trouble makers who are justifiably defiant. Judge for
             | yourself how many companies do that.
        
               | sorokod wrote:
               | The bottom line is that you failed to achieve the goal
               | you set out to achieve and got laid off.
               | 
               | How is that "speak in their defense"? Can you think of an
               | alternative approach that would have delivered the result
               | over time without you loosing your job?
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >I think him being original, not "focusing on the core
           | product", and a strong character had something to do with it,
           | so of course it happens.
           | 
           | You absolutely have people who are very competent but just
           | not interested in what management (rightly or wrongly) thinks
           | should be the current priorities. Sometimes things advance to
           | the point where there's no longer a good fit. Not necessarily
           | anyone's fault but it may be time to part ways.
        
           | yosefk wrote:
           | Sounds great! Care to share the places you've seen this at?
        
         | hcks wrote:
         | 1/ it's not rational to promote someone competent at their
         | tasks
         | 
         | 2/ there are either ways to reward than promote to a higher
         | level in the management pyramid
        
           | pi-e-sigma wrote:
           | Hence it's not rational for an employee who wants to get a
           | promotion to be competent at their work.
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | I've seen this happen. Start pushing off the work of the
             | old job and doing the new job before the promotion.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | And that's why the GP's #2 is so important.
             | 
             | Organizations where it exists tend to work much better than
             | the ones where it doesn't.
        
         | hackton wrote:
         | My experience is that people being good at the job tend to be
         | promoted to managerial positions, but being good at certain
         | tasks does not make you necessarily good at managing people,
         | even if they just do these very tasks.
         | 
         | I also have been in companies with two career paths: managerial
         | and technical, both respected and rewarded, to the point you
         | can be paid much higher than your boss if you are senior and
         | performing. Might not work in every sector/size though.
        
           | mattgreenrocks wrote:
           | IMO, most orgs believe more in scaling via adding people vs
           | scaling via tech.
           | 
           | This doesn't discredit what you say. It does, however,
           | explain why it's much easier to move up on the management
           | ladder vs the IC ladder.
        
             | gmane wrote:
             | I'll add on to your point: moving up the IC ladder is often
             | slow because it takes more to both become an expert in a
             | field and to prove it to your leadership. Each step up the
             | IC ladder is harder to actually obtain those skills, and
             | harder to prove that you have obtained those skills to
             | management.
             | 
             | On the flip side, the management ladder is more delivery
             | focused (though not exclusively): are you getting your team
             | to get their work done? It's somewhat easier to demonstrate
             | success on the management side, and because you're leading
             | a team, it's possible (though not necessarily true in most
             | cases) for a manager to get promoted on the strength of
             | their team and not their ability as a manager.
        
         | md_ wrote:
         | At the risk of seeming like an asshole:
         | 
         | I think for every highly competent person who just lacks a bit
         | of social graces and is unfairly punished by a defensive
         | bureaucracy, I have encountered many more _incompetent_ people
         | who, due to Dunning-Kruger, don 't recognize their own
         | incompetence, and instead ascribe the rejection of their
         | (mediocre) ideas to the unfair defensiveness of the bureaucracy
         | above them.
         | 
         | Or, in meme form: https://imgflip.com/i/8ks5kq.
        
           | stareatgoats wrote:
           | > many more incompetent people who, due to Dunning-Kruger,
           | don't recognize their own incompetence
           | 
           | You are right of course, I am myself a living proof of that,
           | and I would not wish it on my worst enemy organization to
           | give me a promotion. That said, this doesn't really explain
           | why so many incompetent people end up being promoted, which
           | Peter (I believe correctly) documented. His theory is
           | admittedly a bit more elaborate than mine, but it obviously
           | builds on an endearing naivete regarding the nature of
           | organizations, especially large and mature such.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | How have you ever gotten the full story so many times to know
           | that these people exist in such numbers? You'd have to hear
           | their bad idea (apparently be intelligent enough to
           | understand them completely) and then you'd also be there to
           | hear them griping and blaming management and again finding
           | their complaints uncompelling.
        
             | md_ wrote:
             | Hmm, let me put it this way:
             | 
             | I have often run into people who seem to think management
             | is stupid for not accepting their idea, which they then
             | explain--and which I also think is a bad idea.
             | 
             | Maybe I'm also just dumb, though!
        
               | g4zj wrote:
               | > highly competent person who just lacks a bit of social
               | graces
               | 
               | I consider myself one of these people (let's say above
               | average competency). I don't think management is stupid
               | for not accepting my ideas. I begin to have an issue when
               | they disregard the concerns my idea was meant to address.
               | Too often, it feels as though they choose the path which
               | leads us straight into what I think are clearly
               | foreseeable and avoidable problems, and then I'm at fault
               | for describing them as such after the fact.
        
               | flkiwi wrote:
               | This isn't meant to respond directly to your statement
               | because I've seen the same thing. BUT one fascinating
               | thing I've learned is how scale plays into things. That
               | $50 million project may be a Senior Director's most
               | important, career-making project ... but less than a
               | rounding error to their EVP.
        
           | nextworddev wrote:
           | Dunning-Kruger seems like an overused framework to explain
           | just pure "lack of self-awareness due to immaturity / ego /
           | lack of intelligence, etc."
        
             | godshatter wrote:
             | Not to mention that if someone isn't a psychologist they
             | shouldn't be spouting off about the Dunning-Kruger effect
             | anyway because arguably they don't have enough competence
             | in that particular domain to be able to talk about it
             | intelligently.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | Hell, I have a PhD in psychology and I don't know enough
               | about this effect to talk about it intelligently.
        
         | alecco wrote:
         | > Competent people are a source of pain to higher levels of
         | management, because they don't just say "yes boss"
         | 
         | Fits the MacLeod/Gervais pyramid of losers / clueless /
         | sociopaths.
         | 
         | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2009/10/07/the-gervais-principle-...
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | Hmm, that's a great summary of what I meant when I recently
         | told my coworker I couldn't help him because I'd recently
         | burned through all my political capital.
        
         | bedobi wrote:
         | the stares at goats principle has been in effect most of my
         | career... and this is not me saying "I'm so smart" - I'm really
         | not. I do care about doing the basics well. But that's asking
         | too much of a lot of organizations.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | At middle management levels that approach may be the way it
         | works, because of the incentives.
         | 
         | But once you start presenting to board rooms and people who
         | have zero skin in the game of office politics, but 100% skin in
         | the game of the firm's profits (and more broadly firm profits
         | at large), you absolutely will not succeed unless you are
         | delivering value through competence
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | I've definitely worked for people who violated that rule to
           | the detriment of the company. They could _appear_ competent,
           | but in my view, corroborated later by the view of the market,
           | they were actually not.
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | It still works that way for anyone who values anything else
           | above profit. If you believe ethics are more important than
           | profit, the board won't like you.
        
         | n1b wrote:
         | Rational meritocracies do not exist in the present, have never
         | existed in the past, and will never exist in the future.
         | However, the idea that a meritocracy can or does exist is a
         | useful tool for those with leverage over others. It justifies
         | their decisions, which in reality simply boil down to a
         | combination of their "gut" feeling and what they can get away
         | with socially given their position in the hierarchy.
        
         | dudeinhawaii wrote:
         | I agree, but I think it's even more subversive. Large
         | corporations tend to develop internal fiefdoms with rules that
         | aren't always aligned with the larger company's objectives.
         | These fiefdoms develop unspoken rules, which competent people
         | tend to question. "Why are we padding every task by 75%?" "Why
         | are we saying X tasks are 'hard' and require additional
         | staffing when we know they're easy?" These new unspoken rules
         | misalign rewards.
         | 
         | Competent individuals often question practices like these and
         | are either coerced into submission or shown the door. This
         | leads to a gradual subversion of the corporate culture,
         | transforming what was once agile, resourceful, and,
         | importantly, truthful into a culture of internal lies and self-
         | deception. "Everyone lies on this report, so you must too.
         | Everyone exaggerates their evaluations, so you must as well.
         | Everyone inflates sales predictions by many multiples; you must
         | do the same." Rewards given under the de-facto misaligned
         | system favors the incompetent. This further estranges
         | competence from leveling.
        
         | nchallak wrote:
         | Isn't this just another definition of the original principle.
         | People rise to the level where their noise is just enough to
         | not worry the people promoting them i.e. the lesser their noise
         | is the more they will be promoted. What you are offering seems
         | like an explanation rather than a new observation.
        
         | zachmu wrote:
         | You're confusing competence with disagreeability.
        
         | Aloisius wrote:
         | _> Competent people are a source of pain to higher levels of
         | management, because they don 't just say "yes boss"_
         | 
         | This sounds more like they aren't competent at the kind of
         | politicking and development of political capital required for
         | middle management.
         | 
         | In other words, someone competent is promoted and which they
         | are incompetent at because they lack the skills necessary for
         | the new job - the Peter Principle.
        
         | asveikau wrote:
         | This is true, but it's also subjective. The question of
         | competence and correct behavior is subjective. There could be
         | validity in the "yes boss" perspective. I say that despite
         | having a very strong bias against the "yes boss" personality
         | myself.
         | 
         | Ultimately both sides of this need to approach with humility
         | and understand how little they can see and influence, and how
         | all perception is subjective.
        
         | onthecanposting wrote:
         | I want to agree because I see myself in this, particularly the
         | conclusion of the career arc, but I try to remember that market
         | conditions are beyond my control and aren't productive to dwell
         | on.
         | 
         | I had a boss who cut his teeth at one of the largest AEC firms
         | in the US. He frequently said, "the two most dangerous people
         | are an incompetent that everyone gets along with and the highly
         | competent that nobody gets along with. Both can destroy an
         | organization." I knew who he had in mind on the former, which I
         | thought was pretty callous. I realized that he saw me as the
         | latter after I was fired.
         | 
         | I think we should not infer rules about business behavior from
         | market forces because management in large organizations have
         | enough insulation to develop their own hard to explain customs.
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Which competes with the Gervais Principle:
       | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2009/10/07/the-gervais-principle-...
        
       | dijit wrote:
       | I'm much more compelled by the "Gervais Principle" from 2009:
       | https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2009/10/07/the-gervais-principle-...
       | 
       | Basically, instead of people being promoted to incompetence; the
       | IC level is thought of as "economic losers"; IE: the exploited.
       | People who are exploited and throw a lot of effort in are
       | considered "the clueless" and occupy most middle management, and
       | the high leadership of every company is considered sociopathic.
       | 
       | It's a much more compelling ideology to me as it maps
       | unfortunately well into real life; at least as described (maybe
       | the particular chosen words for the classifications evoke the
       | wrong assumptions though).
       | 
       | 9 minute video: https://youtu.be/jJYa68AnECY?t=29
        
         | creamyhorror wrote:
         | I'm surprised to find this so far down. The Gervais Principle
         | is the cynical cousin of the Peter Principle, and even if it
         | isn't actually accurate for some workplaces, it makes for a
         | compelling read.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Can we apply this to Boeing?
        
       | nasir wrote:
       | Summary: "In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his
       | level of incompetence."
        
       | 486sx33 wrote:
       | I had an employee give me this book one morning. He wasn't a
       | direct report, he reported to his manager who reported to me.
       | Anyway he came in my office one morning and gave me the book. I
       | hadn't heard of it so I smiled and thanked him for thinking of
       | me. I had an interesting wave of thoughts reading it... I still
       | don't know if he thought I was incompetent or what, but, in any
       | case, it was enlightening.
        
         | darkerside wrote:
         | So you never asked him why he gave you the book?
        
           | 486sx33 wrote:
           | He used to be a pastor and one of his followers had given it
           | to him. I did ask him but his answer amounted to "passing it
           | along I thought you'd be interested". Of course I spent a
           | long time wondering what his deeper message to me may have
           | been. Perhaps I'll never exactly know his intent but that's
           | ok for me. He quit and took a job at a shoe store , but stays
           | in touch with me 5+ years later.
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | My own observations:
       | 
       | A) Some places, the only way to land a leadership position, is by
       | simply outliving your competition in the firm. Some firms put way
       | too much emphasis on seniority, and are afraid to not promote
       | senior employees in a predictable fashion, in fear of them
       | leaving.
       | 
       | These types of places also compensate purely based on your
       | seniority and job title - which is why everyone wants to land
       | such positions.
       | 
       | B) The Peter Principle is rampant in sales. Good salespeople get
       | promoted to leadership positions, and are bogged down with tasks
       | they do not enjoy, or want to do.
       | 
       | C) Places with a strong focus on "up or out" can also end up with
       | a system where the Peter Principle is rife. Employees will do
       | anything in their power to reach tenure, and once tenured, they
       | might lose all motivation to perform their leadership duties -
       | other than to work their subordinates to the bone, because they
       | know there's a endless supply of them, and that all of them are
       | equally motivated to reach promotion / tenure.
        
         | P_I_Staker wrote:
         | Sales? You just described engineering management, as well as
         | many fields, probably.
        
       | franze wrote:
       | counter example, the peter principle is used to disguise the lack
       | of a career path.
       | 
       | when I started my career I was working at a national news agency
       | as "Business Development Web" this was from 1998 to 2004 and
       | everything "internet / cyber data highway" was my job. from
       | website to api-s to product design to design to code, frontend
       | backend and project management and well product management
       | (feeds, stream, ...) . seperation of work in the online space did
       | not exist then.
       | 
       | as at one point i told them that i want to develop further and
       | not relaunch the website next year again the hold me back 'cause
       | of the fear of peter principle - ans that they need me cause
       | there was nobody else who could ever do my job.
       | 
       | so i quit.
       | 
       | so i think the peter principle exists, yes. there are incompetent
       | managers which were very competent in another position.
       | 
       | but applying the peter principle for decision making is harmful.
       | for the individual and the organisation.
       | 
       | i would say the sum pf applying the peter principle in an
       | organisational is more harmful to promote people and see of they
       | will be valuable, even if some of them will suck eventually.
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | Isn't that more a case of "if you want job security make
         | yourself irreplaceable. If you want a promotion make yourself
         | replaceable"
        
       | haolez wrote:
       | I've been promoted up to CTO as a former developer (CTO of some
       | big companies now!) and I feel I'm a pretty mediocre CTO compared
       | to my dev performance. I can attest to this principle :)
        
       | mattgreenrocks wrote:
       | Worth noting: Charity Majors' blog on management and tech:
       | https://charity.wtf/
       | 
       | She says several things I've always thought were taboo to even
       | think, including the fact that management shouldn't be viewed as
       | a promotion, it's a completely separate job and some people are
       | better at it than others. My limited experience: it's a separate
       | job, it's a lot more things to juggle and carry, and it mostly
       | makes sense that they get paid more. I have zero experience on
       | director/c-level jobs, so I'm not going to speculate there.
        
         | noodle wrote:
         | Fully agreed. IMO its a critical thing to provide engineers an
         | IC career path that enables advancement without requiring
         | moving into a manager type of job. Otherwise, you get people
         | who are shitty managers because they feel they have to do the
         | job to continue to grow, and that turns into a team/org-wide
         | morale issue.
         | 
         | When promoting engineers into management positions, I'll always
         | give them a trial run first in some form to make sure they
         | actually enjoy the job, make sure their new team doesn't see
         | any red flags, and to give them a graceful path to go back to
         | IC without some fanfare company-wide promo announcement locking
         | them into the role socially.
        
       | supportengineer wrote:
       | So what does this imply if you've never received a promotion,
       | ever?
        
       | rapjr9 wrote:
       | People can learn. So I've often wondered if the Peter Principle
       | is more of a recognition that people stop learning as they get
       | older. Seems like the data could fit either scenario. People rise
       | until their job requires more skills than they have, or people
       | rise until they stop learning (or learn to stop learning, or
       | until their learning capacity is reduced.) There's this thing
       | that is called "growing up". Does growing up entail not being
       | naive and an end to accepting what you are told (i.e., learning)?
       | "They" say that when you're over 30 you are "over the hill". Has
       | anyone ever tried to measure that? Maybe it's not a physical
       | change in the body, maybe it's a consequence of getting hurt and
       | learning not to be naive and accepting less teaching, being less
       | open. If you've watched children grow up you can see them
       | becoming more reticent and adopting postures.
        
       | 1-6 wrote:
       | Does that mean long time employees are incompetent?
        
       | shsbdncudx wrote:
       | I've always found it a little naive. Sure, day 1 of a new job you
       | are not going to be as good as you are 2 years later. Seems like
       | a normal part of growth.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-03-28 23:02 UTC)