[HN Gopher] Hacking the genome of fungi for smart foods of the f...
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       Hacking the genome of fungi for smart foods of the future
        
       Author : laurex
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2024-03-26 16:24 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencedaily.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencedaily.com)
        
       | elevaet wrote:
       | This seems like a much more promising avenue than lab-grown meat.
       | Fungi are already rich in protein, are a bit closer on the tree
       | of life to animals than plants are, are sedentary by default, and
       | are absolute chemical powerhouses.
       | 
       | If we can engineer a fungus to produce just the right amino
       | profile, or whatever nutrition you're looking for, then you have
       | a self perpetuating stock that should be much lower tech and
       | simpler to manage than trying to grow muscle tissue in a "petri
       | dish".
       | 
       | Heck, we could just be eating more mushrooms, they already are a
       | pretty good source of protein.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | afaik mushrooms contain about 2-3g protein per 100g. Meat has
         | about 20-25g.
        
           | elevaet wrote:
           | That's true, but because mushrooms are so wet (~90% water),
           | if you look at the numbers for dehydrated mushrooms vs meat,
           | mushrooms start looking a lot better.
           | 
           | I think dry mushrooms are about 30% protein by weight, which
           | is in the ballpark of dry meat.
        
             | IanCal wrote:
             | Semi related, I recommend roasting then dehydrating and
             | blending mushrooms if you can. Mushroom powder like this is
             | an incredible addition to many things, though my kids will
             | eat it on its own regardless. A massive pile of mushrooms
             | will become a tiny jar of powder.
             | 
             | And less related, lacto ferment them. They're then
             | outrageously good fried.
        
           | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
           | Presumably it is still early days for modern agricultural
           | fungus selection. I heard a story that thousands of years
           | ago, corn had six kernels per cobb(might have been seven).
           | Few generations of selective breeding and you produce
           | monstrous varieties.
           | 
           | Presumably we could do the same thing with fungus if we saw
           | the economic/moral/sustainability incentives.
           | 
           | Edit: an article about ancient corn
           | (https://blogs.ifas.ufl.edu/news/2023/01/24/uf-researchers-
           | di...)                 Teosinte is a small, grass-like plant
           | that forms ears of six to eight kernels. Each kernel is
           | encased in an acorn-like shell. These encased kernels grow on
           | a thin stem, not the thick cob that characterizes modern
           | corn. The whole ear is about two inches long, the kernels no
           | larger than peppercorns.            About 10,000 years ago,
           | the Indigenous peoples of what is now southern Mexico began
           | selectively breeding teosinte. Over time, those acorn-like
           | coverings retracted and formed a cob. Now exposed, the
           | kernels were easier to harvest and could be bred for
           | increased number and size, Koch said.
        
           | InSteady wrote:
           | However, if you compare the energy and resource inputs to
           | produce that 2-3g the picture starts looking a LOT more
           | competitive. Not to mention a very attractive nutrient
           | profile and potential medicinal benefits (eg a lot of
           | bioactive tryptophan metabolites).
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | That's the "before" picture. Let's see what these scientists
           | can get to with the "after" picture. If they can get it up to
           | 50g/100g, I know what I'm eating.
        
             | IanCal wrote:
             | There's way more water in mushrooms too. 90+% may simply be
             | water.
        
         | Emma_Goldman wrote:
         | How far is that from pre-existing products, like Quorn[1],
         | which here in the UK is probably the main producer of
         | vegan/vegetarian meat simulacra? The problem is that people
         | don't like eating straight fungus, and so it is serially
         | transformed through elaborate processing, to create meat-like
         | products. Which it turns out are extremely unhealthy.
         | 
         | I think you are on more promising ground in your final remark.
         | There are plenty of whole food plant-based sources of protein
         | that are tested, economical and low-carbon, while possessing
         | none of the health drawbacks of 'high tech' alternatives.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorn
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | 100g at 2.3g carbs, 1.7g fat, and 13g protein? What's
           | extremely unhealthy about that?
        
             | Emma_Goldman wrote:
             | Food, and therefore nutrition, is significantly more
             | complicated than a ledger of macronutrients. In this
             | particular case, I was getting at this:
             | 
             | https://www.bmj.com/content/384/bmj-2023-077310
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | > _Ultra-processed foods, as defined using the Nova food
               | classification system, encompass a broad range of ready
               | to eat products, including packaged snacks, carbonated
               | soft drinks, instant noodles, and ready-made meals._
               | 
               | I'm not seeing the relevance.
        
           | elevaet wrote:
           | > people don't like eating straight fungus
           | 
           | What do you mean? People love eating all kinds of mushrooms!
        
           | Aromasin wrote:
           | It should be pointed out that most Quorn products aren't
           | vegan. They use eggs as a binding agent.
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | "Heck, we could just be eating more mushrooms, they already are
         | a pretty good source of protein. "
         | 
         | Definitely, but mushrooms and meat also go very well together..
         | 
         | And I am open towards engineered mushrooms, but I doubt they
         | will result in meat. But maybe in something that can convince
         | enough people to reduce their meat consumption by eating that
         | instead.
        
         | wintermutestwin wrote:
         | >a pretty good source of protein.
         | 
         | Unlike many things that are referred to as a "good source of
         | protein," mushrooms have a really great macronutrient profile:
         | 
         | 100g of common button mushrooms = 3g protein, 3.3g carb, .3g
         | fat
         | 
         | Compared to Lentils (which are the best of the standard foods
         | labeled as "good source of protein") 100g = 9g protein, 20g
         | carb,.4g fat.
         | 
         | The problem with lentils is that you have to eat a lot of carbs
         | to get protein. The ratios are terrible for most other legumes,
         | soybeans and nuts.
        
           | slily wrote:
           | Poor amino-acid composition is a major problem with non-
           | animal protein sources. Every time we think we can "cheat"
           | nutrition by reducing nutritional value to a small set of
           | cherry-picked nutrients, we find that it leads to
           | deficiencies elsewhere. It's like fad diets for technocrats.
        
           | BobaFloutist wrote:
           | 100g of Lentils is a lot more food than 100g of mushrooms
           | though.
           | 
           | Also, you do need some fat and carbs in your diet to, you
           | know, live.
        
         | ijijijjij wrote:
         | arent most mushrooms toxic when uncooked though... which adds
         | some doubts
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | You can eat any mushroom once!
        
       | begueradj wrote:
       | In this 2019 documentary [1], "Fantastic Fungi", it is briefly
       | mentioned that fungi played a paramount role in the evolution of
       | our brain (intelligence)
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.netflix.com/fi-en/title/81183477
        
       | altairprime wrote:
       | Lab-grown _lembas_? Excellent news. (See also:  "Sourdough", by
       | Robin Sloan.)
        
       | willmadden wrote:
       | Do you know what the food of the future sounds like to me? Steak.
        
         | javaunsafe2019 wrote:
         | Can you elaborate?
        
           | willmadden wrote:
           | Yes, I do not want to eat genetically engineered fungus or
           | crickets. I prefer a steak.
        
             | throwway120385 wrote:
             | I prefer steak too but I only eat it once or twice a year
             | due to the cost.
        
             | orthecreedence wrote:
             | And hopefully one day we'll live in a world where steak has
             | the incredibly high cost it actually deserves, and people
             | like you can spend your hard-earned money on it still while
             | everyone else eats the fungi equivalent for pennies on the
             | dollar.
        
             | Almondsetat wrote:
             | Do you know how steaks are made?
        
       | nelsonic wrote:
       | Isn't "hacking fungi" the beginning of the plot of The Last Of
       | Us? Let's leverage the genome of cordyceps ... what could go
       | wrong?
        
         | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
         | I thought that was a shot at climate change and natural
         | evolution of the organism adapting to be tolerant of warmer
         | temperatures.
        
       | ktosobcy wrote:
       | Didn't they eat lot of fungi-based food on the Expanse? usually
       | on the poorer spectrum of society?
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Framing is everything. Lobster was once for poor people, to the
         | point that labor contracts limited how much lobster could be
         | fed to workers. Now it's a delicacy.
        
         | throwway120385 wrote:
         | Yeah almost everything the belters ate was some combination of
         | soy and fungus. It was the only thing that would grow in the
         | faint light past Mars.
         | 
         | Looking forward to finally having a recipe for red kibble.
        
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