[HN Gopher] Netherlands is the second-largest exporter of agricu...
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       Netherlands is the second-largest exporter of agricultural products
        
       Author : jseliger
       Score  : 88 points
       Date   : 2024-03-25 19:23 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | 082349872349872 wrote:
       | The Netherlands is a good example of intensive agriculture: not
       | only have they put heavy capital investments into the land they
       | already had, they even invested substantial amounts of capital in
       | creating _new_ land.
        
       | Reubend wrote:
       | If you'd asked me which country was the 2nd largest exporter of
       | agricultural products, I certainly wouldn't have said the
       | Netherlands. It's cool to see what they're doing to maximize
       | efficiency, and I hope that efficiency can be replicated globally
       | as well.
        
         | throw_pm23 wrote:
         | That efficiency has huge externalities and I hope it will not
         | be replicated globally.
        
         | FranzFerdiNaN wrote:
         | It's completely destroying our nature, air, water and soil. So
         | no, it should decubitus be replicated.
        
       | VeejayRampay wrote:
       | very poor quality though, if you've had dutch tomatoes or
       | peppers, you'll know
       | 
       | I'd be interested in the nutritional value of said products as
       | well
        
         | Rinzler89 wrote:
         | Yep, the tomatoes coming from Spain, Italy, etc have a lot more
         | flavor. NL is more like the Shenzhen of agriculture (not saying
         | it like it's a bad thing)
        
           | belter wrote:
           | There is nothing like driving from the Netherlands to
           | Germany, going to the Supermarkt and buying cucumbers branded
           | Origin Netherlands at 60% of their price in the
           | Netherlands...
           | 
           | https://northerntimes.nl/dutch-shoppers-flock-to-german-
           | supe...
        
             | Rinzler89 wrote:
             | Germany is the black hole of supermarket prices. Even shit
             | made in Austria is cheaper once you cross the border to
             | Germany than in the country where it's made. It's insane.
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | The single market at work, and such a small amount of a
               | product's cost is from making it. I am always sad about
               | not being near an internal EU border for this reason.
               | (though, if my time were worthless, I'd probably come out
               | ahead buying plane tickets)
        
           | zoover2020 wrote:
           | Not disagreeing here, but how I understand it, the year-round
           | availability of fresh produce is a quality trade-off.
        
             | snowpid wrote:
             | though Tomatos can be bought in cans with lots of better
             | taste
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | But they look incredible on the shelves!
        
           | DrSiemer wrote:
           | A uniform color and consistent geometric shape is all that
           | matters. Taste is redundant. Carrots are orange because the
           | Dutch bred them that way.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Yeah it's because in Holland they grow them in cotton buds
         | sprayed with nutrients. It minimises the chance of plant
         | diseases and it's much easier to harvest but it loses taste.
         | The Germans call the Dutch tomatoes Wasserbomben. Meaning water
         | bombs.
        
       | ragebol wrote:
       | Big discussion in the Netherlands now, and going on to some
       | extent for decades already, about: does it make sense for such a
       | small country to have this much intensive agriculture?
       | 
       | As the article mentions, the nitrogen deposited in the little
       | patches of what should pass for nature are killing it.
       | 
       | Nice to be self-sufficient in food, but we're more than that in
       | some areas. But say something negative about farmers and you'll
       | have protesters in big tractors blocking highways and city
       | centers.
       | 
       | The parties currently trying to form a government will only let
       | these problems fester and not make hard choices to put an end to
       | them one way or another.
        
         | DrSiemer wrote:
         | One of the four forming parties IS the farmers... They keep
         | holding up these signs that say "no farmers no food", while we
         | all know a huge part of it is for export.
         | 
         | Practically nobody is against the small farmers, which is the
         | sad image they like to prop up, but there are plenty of them
         | that drive around in a Tesla while their fully automated
         | factory chomps through the never ending supply of animal
         | carcasses.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _One of the four forming parties IS the farmers... They
           | keep holding up these signs that say "no farmers no food",
           | while we all know a huge part of it is for export._
           | 
           | Well, export or domestic, the "no food" part still stands.
        
             | RetroTechie wrote:
             | > Well, export or domestic, the "no food" part still
             | stands.
             | 
             | More & more I tend to regard Dutch farmland as a factory:
             | one that happens to 'manufacture' agricultural products
             | (mostly grass & maize to feed cows), using land as part of
             | the machinery.
             | 
             | The "feed own population" is 2nd tier consideration. And as
             | an industry, it uses a big % of the surface area in our
             | densely populated country, while adding relatively little
             | to our economy (~2% or so, iirc).
             | 
             | Now if land were plentiful that wouldn't be a (big)
             | problem. But with agriculture taking the space of almost
             | non-existant 'nature', all the environmental problems
             | resulting from its intensity, animal welfare issues etc,
             | this _is_ a problem.
             | 
             | Dutch population is a bit 50/50 on this I'd say. Much
             | sympathy for farmers but yes the problems are real. But
             | farmers have a strong lobby here so probably not much will
             | change. More automation, faster-growing crops, bigger
             | farms, lower prices for what's produced, middlemen (like
             | supermarket chains) squeeze them like crazy while raking in
             | profits for their owners or shareholders.
             | 
             | Not a great time to be a farmer in the NL.
             | 
             | Edit: the high-tech agri & research stuff (as described in
             | article), _that_ is good stuff though.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | _> The  "feed own population" is 2nd tier consideration.
               | And as an industry, it uses a big % of the surface area
               | in our densely populated country, while adding relatively
               | little to our economy (~2% or so, iirc)._
               | 
               | TFA says total agricultural exports in 2021 was $108.4
               | billion and according to Google the GDP was just over $1
               | trillion, which is closer to a tenth of the economy just
               | in exports not 2%. Am I missing something?
        
               | FranzFerdiNaN wrote:
               | https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2020/19/landbouw-droeg-
               | in-20...
               | 
               | It's only 1.4%. If you are generous you end up with at
               | most 7% by adding in a lot of related industry and
               | transportation of goods as well.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Then where does the $108 billion of exports come from?
               | Even at 7% against 1 trillion gdp the math just doesn't
               | make any sense to me if there's that much in export.
               | 
               | Is most of the export capital just going towards
               | importing fertilizer so it's not counted towards GDP or
               | something?
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | I have no idea of the specific numbers, but a component
               | of GDP is indeed _net_ exports.
               | 
               | If you export 100B and import 100B the trade would
               | account for 0% of the GDP.
               | 
               | At a glance, NL seem to import quite a lot of
               | agricultural stuff, even if it exports more.
               | 
               | https://oec.world/en/profile/country/nld?yearlyTradeFlowS
               | ele...
        
               | petre wrote:
               | It's also the EU country which uses the most ferts and
               | pesticides. I wonder of there are any beekeepers left in
               | NL, or bees for that matter. I've seen black bees in a
               | reservation in Sicily. Amazing. I'd like to see them
               | again in ten years.
        
             | DrSiemer wrote:
             | No it does not. You could phase out more than 60% of the
             | Dutch farmers, which would reclaim 40% of the land (from
             | the 66% they currently use), losing less than 1% of the
             | BDP, and the country would STILL have plenty of food.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _and the country would STILL have plenty of food_
               | 
               | I did write: "export or domestic".
               | 
               | The country would still have "plenty of food", but the
               | second largest production of food would be affected.
        
               | DrSiemer wrote:
               | Affected, yes. That's not the same as "no food". Having
               | farmers in the Netherlands is not a binary choice.
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Which is not a very big production at all because most
               | countries that don't qualify as failed states rightly
               | organize their food production independently. The biggest
               | buyer tends to be China who doesn't need the food to
               | begin with, it's just buying on generational paranoia.
        
           | chipdart wrote:
           | > One of the four forming parties IS the farmers... They keep
           | holding up these signs that say "no farmers no food", while
           | we all know a huge part of it is for export.
           | 
           | Huge swathes of land in the Netherlands are used to grow
           | flowers, which are definitely not food and are far from being
           | critical for a society to subsist. They may be making
           | fortunes selling them but let's not pretend the whole
           | agricultural industry is mobilized to prevent famines.
        
             | ragebol wrote:
             | I live in North Brabant, and around here, it mostly cows
             | and maize/corn.
             | 
             | Somehow, some people think of this as 'nature' (it's indeed
             | green, I guess), while the original would be heath lands on
             | poor soils. Now, with all the nitrogen deposits, other
             | species (nettles, grasses, prickly bramble bushes) that are
             | less resilient to that come to flourish and take over the
             | little heath lands that are left.
        
           | slily wrote:
           | The implication that a "good" farmer should not be able to
           | afford a car makes your statement about being pro-small
           | farmers seem disingenuous. While I've read similar comments a
           | few times recently, the "but" is always ridiculous. If a
           | farmer manages to carve out enough free time to drive to the
           | city to protest for a few days, surely he or she is a mega-
           | rich, evil factory farmer, etc. - same story as the Canadian
           | truckers a couple years ago. Not to be provocative, but I
           | find it interesting that city-slicker posh leftist
           | ecofascists somehow managed to convince themselves that
           | working-class people such as farmers and truck drivers are
           | part of the "privileged oppressor" category by virtue of
           | protesting against policies that hurt them.
        
         | chipdart wrote:
         | > But say something negative about farmers and you'll have
         | protesters in big tractors blocking highways and city centers.
         | 
         | At this point they should be called what they are: agricultural
         | corporations.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | How much taxes are these companies bringing in?
        
         | JohnMakin wrote:
         | There is often similar discussion in California, who produces
         | much of the country's agriculture, but uses huge amounts of
         | natural resources to do so (particularly water).
        
       | ragebol wrote:
       | Big discussion in the Netherlands now, and going on to some
       | extent for decades already, about: does it make sense for such a
       | small country to have this much intensive agriculture?
       | 
       | As the article mentions, the nitrogen deposited in the little
       | patches of what should pass for nature are killing it.
       | 
       | Nice to be self-sufficient in food, but we're more than that in
       | some areas. But say something negative about farmers and you'll
       | have protesters in big tractors blocking highways and city
       | centers.
       | 
       | The parties currently trying to form a government will only let
       | these problems fester and not make hard choices to put an end to
       | them one way or another.
        
         | MaximilianEmel wrote:
         | [^duplicate comment] @dang
        
       | NicoJuicy wrote:
       | Yeah well.
       | 
       | Those things grow the quickest because they were cultivated to
       | absorb the most water.
       | 
       | So there's little taste and advantages with those, compared to
       | others.
       | 
       | So yeah, great. But numbers only say part of the story.
        
         | maxglute wrote:
         | So they're like broiler chicken? I'm always impressed by US
         | chicken breasts until it goes in my mouth.
        
       | viburnum wrote:
       | The bummer is how much of it driven by fossil fuels: greenhouses
       | heated with gas, air pumped with CO2 to speed up ripening,
       | fertilizer made from fossil fuels.
        
       | thijson wrote:
       | My cousin works as a farmer's hand in the Netherlands. He had an
       | interesting anecdote about liquid manure. They used to spray it
       | over the land, but people living nearby started complaining about
       | the smell, so they started injected it underground. They found
       | that yields improved after that.
       | 
       | They stored the liquid manure in a big bag. I stood on it, it was
       | a bit like a water bed.
        
         | anthomtb wrote:
         | > They stored the liquid manure in a big bag. I stood on it
         | 
         | I am certain its a sturdy bag but why risk it?
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | That would make an even greater story. "Let me tell you kids
           | about the time I had to swim through a literal pool of shit."
        
             | mjhay wrote:
             | That actually does happen. Industrial pig and chicken farms
             | often have manure lagoons, which are exactly what they
             | sound like. Do not do an image search for manure lagoons.
             | There's been quite a few instances of people falling in and
             | being overcome by fumes. I'm sure there are worse ways to
             | go, but not many of them.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | I think manure here is used (not incorrectly, but
             | uncommonly) to mean fertiliser but not perhaps animal
             | excrement.
        
               | biorach wrote:
               | Oh no, it really does mean animal excrement here
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | My dad had one of those, one of many stories he told with
             | the implicit "don't be an idiot like your dad" moral. Every
             | parent should have a few!
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | Eh, once you've been covered in shit enough times, the risk
           | of once more is easily outweighed by a novel experience.
        
         | Okkef wrote:
         | It's not done for the smell but for less NOx pollution. It's
         | the law and the fines are massive.
        
       | aqme28 wrote:
       | To the extent that the greenhouses are a significant source of
       | light pollution, and every once in a while (faulty coverings, or
       | for a holiday) the sky will be bright purple[1,2]
       | 
       | [1]:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Netherlands/comments/10mc6ah/can_an...
       | [2]:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/Rotterdam/comments/ylmcgy/bright_pu...
        
       | lispm wrote:
       | It's also one of the largest importers/re-exporters.
        
         | jauco wrote:
         | Here's a chart that shows how the two compare:
         | https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2024/10/dutch-agricultural-exp...
         | (cbs is the government bureau for statistics)
        
       | jurschreuder wrote:
       | Fun fact:
       | 
       | In open fields in Spain you can harvest around 4 kilograms of
       | tomatoes per square metre. A Dutch high-tech greenhouse produces
       | 80 kilograms per square metre and with four times less water.
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | How much more energy spent though?
        
           | bavent wrote:
           | Also how do they taste? My recollection of Dutch tomatoes is
           | they they are not very good. Bland, watery.
        
             | temporarara wrote:
             | Generally in agriculture (and other domains too) when you
             | maximize output the quality suffers. And tomatoes are no
             | exception. Growing your own or finding a small hobby grower
             | and greatly appreciating their efforts are your best bets
             | for having actual tasty stuff. Tomatoes are no longer true
             | luxury food but tasty tomatoes are.
        
           | chris_va wrote:
           | Well... (if I am calculating correctly)
           | 
           | A tomato plant is roughly ~40lbs/sqft/year (hydroponic... at
           | 40W/sqft). That's a bit higher than the 80kg/m^2 estimate,
           | but I don't have the wattage requirements for the lower
           | yield. But, assuming it is linear, about 20Wh/g-tomato.
           | 
           | And then, from a climate impact standpoint... The marginal
           | CO2 emissions factor in the Netherlands is pretty high at
           | ~0.6kg/kWh, so ~2kg-CO2 for every (~6oz) tomato. That is
           | about 200-300x higher than the CO2 from trucking
           | (refrigerated) tomatoes from Spain to Netherlands (~30-40kg-
           | CO2/ton-tomato/1000 miles ~= 7g-CO2/tomato).
           | 
           | The local ecological (water+fertilizer+pesticide) impact is
           | probably higher in Spain (vs the greenhouse construction and
           | land use in the Netherlands), though it is hard to know how
           | much to trade that off.
        
         | brailsafe wrote:
         | Do the Dutch ones end up tasting less like water or are they
         | still just as crap as anything not from a garden? Sort of
         | joking sort of not, mass produced tomatoes end up tasting like
         | nothing most of the time
        
           | 28304283409234 wrote:
           | Our Dutch tomatoes have no taste.
        
             | AlecSchueler wrote:
             | To be fair do tomatos in Spanish supermarkets taste much
             | better?
        
               | jstsch wrote:
               | No. They might even be imported from Holland.
        
           | jstsch wrote:
           | Serious answer: it entirely depends on the variety of
           | tomatoes being grown. There are some varieties that have been
           | selected for taste. Typically, they will also have a very
           | efficient supply chain with a super short duration between
           | harvest to packaging to supermarket (packaging at the
           | greenhouse, straight to distribution, to retail). They are
           | typically about three times the price of the cheapest 'bulk'
           | tomatoes (and also have a higher margin, in the end).
           | 
           | The main challenge with fruits, and especially tomatoes, is
           | ripening versus shelf life. A tomato tastes best when it's as
           | ripe as possible. Sweet, fragrant and full of flavor.
           | However, at that very special time, it will burst on the vine
           | or fall apart in your fruit basket within a day. Which is why
           | you'll never find this quality in a supermarket. And why I
           | grow tomatoes in my garden every summer :)
        
         | rowanG077 wrote:
         | And the dutch ones might as well be bags of water.
        
       | joegibbs wrote:
       | According to Statista this is just a statistical anomaly as a
       | result of the Netherlands having such large port facilities - the
       | agricultural products are imported to the country and then
       | exported elsewhere in Europe, which artificially bumps up the
       | export statistics without any correlation to the actual
       | production amount.
       | 
       | Which makes a lot more sense, because even an efficiently-run
       | farming sector surely couldn't be so efficient that it can
       | produce almost as much as the US despite being 1/50 the size. If
       | you look at actual agricultural production the Netherlands isn't
       | at the top of anything - the best they're doing is world #5 in
       | cheese production.
        
         | AlecSchueler wrote:
         | It makes me curious, is there anywhere we can see the figures
         | accounting for point of production?
        
         | flavius29663 wrote:
         | According to WorldBank[1], they import $36 billion and export
         | $26 billion worth of food
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/WLD/Yea...
         | 
         | Such journalism...
        
         | qazadex wrote:
         | Re-exports are only 1/3 of their total exports - it's still
         | incredibly impressive to have such high production for such a
         | tiny country.
         | 
         | https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2024/10/dutch-agricultural-exp...
        
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