[HN Gopher] Nuclear's role in a net-zero world
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       Nuclear's role in a net-zero world
        
       Author : rntn
       Score  : 14 points
       Date   : 2024-03-24 21:28 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (knowablemagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (knowablemagazine.org)
        
       | bananapub wrote:
       | on a sidenote, it's important to be extremely cynical about
       | people pushing nuclear to the exclusion of other things - at
       | least in Australia, it's now being pushed by the climate
       | denialist Right, who have pivoted from "climate change isn't a
       | thing" to "we need to build nuclear reactors".
       | 
       | Australia has ~zero nuclear industry (it has one research reactor
       | for medical radioisotopes), and so the best case would be driving
       | an oil tanker of money up to some company like EDF and getting
       | them to do it. how's EDF doing at that sort of thing lately?
       | Hinkley Point C in the UK (which has existing nuclear reactors,
       | including on that exact site, as well as a nuclear weapons
       | program, and at least in the past, lots of money) is currently
       | looking to take 21 years from announcement (2010) to the latest
       | hugely delayed completion estimate of 2031. the latest cost
       | estimate is that it'll cost $AU100 billion dollars.
       | 
       | there's also endless grifting from the "SMR" nuclear people, who
       | insist this time it really does almost exist, so we should stop
       | doing all this hard work on improving the grid and renewables and
       | instead just give them cash and they'll magically solve our
       | problems.
       | 
       | tl;dr at least some parts of the pro-nuclear-power lobby is
       | actually just trying to end efforts to minimise climate change
       | damage.
        
         | bluefirebrand wrote:
         | It's important not to dismiss good ideas just because you
         | dislike the people saying them
         | 
         | If more nuclear gets us away from Fossil Fuels faster it's a
         | good thing
        
           | bananapub wrote:
           | not sure what you're replying to?
           | 
           | of course one shouldn't "dismiss good ideas just because you
           | dislike the people saying them", but if your country doesn't
           | already have a nuclear industry then it's too late to get to
           | net zero with nuclear.
           | 
           | of course you can plan for using it later, but you can't get
           | distracted by it now or fall victim to scams by well-funded
           | and malicious groups.
        
           | theshackleford wrote:
           | > If more nuclear gets us away from Fossil Fuels faster it's
           | a good thing
           | 
           | His point is that in Australia, it won't. And it doesn't
           | matter how much evidence you put in front of these people to
           | show them that. You can't even tell them it's costly because
           | they reject even that provable fact.
           | 
           | Renewables plus firming is orders of magnitude cheaper and
           | faster than any form of nuclear ever will be in AU and
           | getting cheaper every day to boot. To which the response will
           | simply be "nuuhh uhhh".
           | 
           | https://www.csiro.au/en/research/technology-
           | space/energy/Ene...
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | If more nuclear takes 20+ years to build while we can get
           | wind farms online next month, is it really faster?
           | 
           | I love nuclear but have to admit it's dead until we figure
           | out how to build these things faster. You can get 10MW of
           | wind built in 2 months. A nuclear plant gives you 1000MW
           | (1GW). You need to build that in less than 50 months (4
           | years) to compete with wind. And wind can already deliver
           | incremental value for most of those 50 months so lead times
           | aren't a problem.
           | 
           | When's the last time anyone built a nuclear plant in 4 years?
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | Just comparing MW when wind is blowing is never going to be
             | useful or result in a productive discussion. You need
             | compare nuclear with other useful, base load generation
             | methods in terms of build cost/time/CO2 per MW.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | I believe the numbers I quoted are averages, not only
               | when the wind is blowing. Source:
               | https://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/faq/
               | 
               | Here's a better number: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-
               | many-homes-can-average-wind-tu...
               | 
               | > At a 42% capacity factor (i.e., the average among
               | recently built wind turbines in the United States, per
               | the 2021 edition of the U.S. Department of Energy's Land-
               | Based Wind Market Report), that average turbine would
               | generate over 843,000 kWh (843MWh) per month--enough for
               | more than 940 average U.S. homes
               | 
               | For comparison, an actual nuclear reactor in practical
               | use produced 4,697,675 MWh in 2017. That's the equivalent
               | of 5572 of those wind turbines.
               | 
               | That's a lot of wind turbines. But if we can build 278
               | wind turbines per year and it takes 20 years to build a
               | new reactor. They're even.
               | 
               | USA currently builds 3000 turbines per year.
               | https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-many-wind-turbines-are-
               | install...
               | 
               | So I think even with 42% capacity, wind is winning. We'd
               | need to build 10 reactors per 20 years (1 every 2 years)
               | for nuclear to beat wind.
        
             | smallmancontrov wrote:
             | Yep, agreed, it's pretty much dead, unless the SMR people
             | can figure out the low-end. There's a reason why our anti-
             | nuclear friend directed his vitriol there, lol.
             | 
             | That said, I hear that China is building nuclear. We might
             | be able to import the know-how, or develop the political
             | will to spin ours back up. A bit of national jealously goes
             | a long way.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | He didn't say he dislikes them.
           | 
           | He said they were people who were provably lying about the
           | very existence of the problem that they now claim nuclear
           | will fix (in 2 decades, at great expense).
        
             | smallmancontrov wrote:
             | Any political cause larger than a certain size will have
             | someone stinky in the big tent. There are stinkers in the
             | renewables tent too, does that mean we should boycott solar
             | panels? Of course not. Same here.
             | 
             | See also: think of the children.
        
         | smallmancontrov wrote:
         | on another sidenote, it's important to be extremely cynical
         | about people claiming that all nuclear is being pushed to the
         | exclusion of other things. This straw man is made of straw.
         | 
         | I'm glad that after 40 years renewables are finally viable as a
         | nuclear alternative... but if we just hadn't stopped building
         | nuclear and continued building at the same pace (no learning
         | curves assumed) we would already be done decarbonizing the
         | grid! It takes some really special thinking to call that a
         | grift. Instead, we are just starting to decarbonize, and with
         | 100 gigatons of extra CO2 in the atmosphere from US emissions
         | alone. I am glad we are un-stuck, but gee, I have a really hard
         | time chalking up the concerted effort to kill nuclear and keep
         | it dead as a "win."
        
         | jemmyw wrote:
         | I don't know much about the politics of this in Australia, but
         | at you have uranium exports already, wouldn't it be an ideal
         | country to build nuclear power?
        
       | schneems wrote:
       | Whether pro or anti nuclear, one paper I feel every engineer
       | should read is "Do Artifacts have Politics" that asks the
       | question "divorced from creator or user intent, do
       | inventions/technologies/artifacts contain and/or promote a
       | political will". Here's a link
       | https://faculty.cc.gatech.edu/~beki/cs4001/Winner.pdf (hint, the
       | answer is "yes" but the journey is more important than the
       | destination).
       | 
       | It's a surprisingly easy read too. More like a long blog post
       | than a dry paper. One of the examples in there is nuclear
       | technologies, which is what brings this up for me.
        
       | codefeenix wrote:
       | Why not title this "Nuclear's role in the world" because NetZero
       | is still a company that does stuff. Also, why the apostrophe?
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | To me nuclear is like those big iron servers of 90's losing to
       | the horizontally scaled "datacenters" of solar panels and wind
       | generators. Generic economics, physics, network and other
       | considerations, when all the domain specific peculiarities are
       | stripped, seem to be very similar.
        
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