[HN Gopher] A Spark Extinguished
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       A Spark Extinguished
        
       Author : conanxin
       Score  : 203 points
       Date   : 2024-03-23 14:06 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (chinabooksreview.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (chinabooksreview.com)
        
       | bckr wrote:
       | My life is so sweet and easy.
       | 
       | Edit: thought it would be obvious I meant "After reading this in
       | its entirety, I realize that compared to the troubles these
       | people went through, my life is so sweet and easy"
        
       | yourapostasy wrote:
       | I've learned over the years of traveling and speaking with ethnic
       | Chinese and Chinese nationals that I make my acquaintance with,
       | that there are numerous tragic stories like this in China and
       | throughout the diaspora. Many are only preserved through family
       | oral traditions and many of those will die out with the
       | population decline. I've heard it expressed that modern day China
       | has a lot of spirit (energetic vigor), but is still seeking its
       | soul (embodied contemplative wonderment and compassion for all
       | around ourselves, as opposed to dogmatic spirituality _per se_ ),
       | and was struck by how apt that was to political leadership in all
       | nations, and to an equal or lesser extent their peoples,
       | depending upon the nation.
        
         | woooooo wrote:
         | What I've heard is that the great leap forward and associated
         | famine are acknowledged in official accounts, but the cultural
         | revolution is increasingly downplayed.
         | 
         | The latter is more worrisome to me because it required
         | enthusiastic participation by lots of normal people to get off
         | the ground. That lesson should be remembered.
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | In the west we can't even seem to hold on to the lessons from
           | 1930s-40s Europe, despite an incredible amount of
           | documentation and retrospection. What hope is there when the
           | history of the cultural revolution is being actively
           | suppressed?
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Somehow, our ancestors built a free democratic world
             | without having all our advantages. As what we've taken for
             | granted as been assaulted and damaged, it would be good to
             | remember what they acheived, and how they did it, from much
             | worse positions - without even a prior example or history
             | to build on.
             | 
             | They created democracy, women's rights, etc. despite almost
             | an entire human history of doing otherwise. We only have to
             | look back 10 years.
        
               | Cheer2171 wrote:
               | The lack of modern technology is an advantage, not a
               | disadvantage.
               | 
               | It is harder to start any democratic revolution against
               | authoritarianism now than in the past. The modern
               | information age makes it harder, not easier. To search
               | someone's papers, you used to have to get police officers
               | to physically enter their home and break their locks, in
               | front of all their neighbors.
               | 
               | You used to need to enlist 5-10 people to spy on a single
               | potential dissident 24/7, and that surveillance is easier
               | to detect. To effectively spy on a population, you used
               | to need to enlist 10-30% of the population to spy on
               | their neighbors and filter reports.
               | 
               | To get the people's attention, you didn't have to get
               | your message through a chaotic attention economy powered
               | by the platforms that filter the information overload.
               | There was literally a public square where you could reach
               | your audience by handing out hand produced pamphlets.
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | Between the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution,
           | there were the Four Cleanups, which are even less remembered,
           | probably because they mostly affected the countryside and
           | didn't hit urban citizens as hard as the Cultural Revolution
           | did.
           | 
           | From Huang Shu-min's _The Spiral Road_ :
           | 
           |  _We decided to attack the five bad elements first, to set an
           | example for the villagers and to intimidate anyone who dared
           | to challenge our authority. Members of the five bad elements
           | were brought up to the podium and forced to kneel down facing
           | the crowd. There was a middle-aged woman among the bad
           | elements. The high-level cadre from the prefecture signaled a
           | poor peasant to come and asked him at close earshot: 'Is that
           | a "landlord's wife" (_dizhupo _)? ' The poor peasant
           | answered: 'Yes, cadre,' went up to that woman, and pressed
           | her head down to the floor throughout the struggle session.
           | At the end of the meeting the high-level cadre asked this
           | poor peasant, 'Why did you force that woman's head down for
           | so long? I thought that this campaign was supposed to avoid
           | unnecessary physical abuse.' The poor peasant answered: 'But,
           | cadre, I thought you had given me the order to force her
           | "head down" (_dizhetou _)! '_
        
       | shikeerzhi wrote:
       | The political stronghold in China appears well fortified. With
       | every year that passes, the optimization gradient from government
       | to people re-enforces the complicity. The differences in written
       | and oral language make clandestine operations difficult. How many
       | of the 2600 Politburo members are intelligence assets? Likely few
       | to none.
       | 
       | The situation is clearly suboptimal from a human perspective:
       | oppressive power is categorically bad, we take this truth to be
       | self-evident.
       | 
       | In terms of catalytic change, what are some out of the box ideas
       | that would rise to the challenge?
       | 
       | 1. New forms of biotechnology minorly resemblant of targeted mind
       | control. For example, any nanotechnology-based vector
       | sufficiently power to trigger behaviors like a voluntary mass
       | resignation of party members. Alternatively, a controlled
       | pandemic that somehow interfaces with compromised electronics to
       | temporarily modulate behavior. But this ask is too high, and such
       | technology would surely be deployed towards even geopolitical
       | goals first.
       | 
       | 2. Incredibly high velocity targeted counterpropaganda that is
       | also historically truthful. Some of the earliest StarCraft bots
       | that defeated humans were simply very good at controlling mass
       | mutalisk swarm. A rapid and unexpected infiltration with truth
       | bombs, ideally physical or written rather than electronic to make
       | censorship challenges, could cause a (probably uncontrolled chain
       | reaction).
       | 
       | 3. Inducement of a Taiwan takeover, and subsequent loss. Very
       | high collateral damage and seems widely destructive rather than
       | more "peaceful."
       | 
       | 4. Weird deus ex machinas. In the Three Body Problem, theoretical
       | physicist start hallucinating a countdown timer. A covert leap in
       | physics or technologies to induce "mystic breaks" in relevant sub
       | populations, particularly those in power, could lead to mostly
       | voluntary abdications of power.
       | 
       | 5. Something more insidious or pernicious related to improved
       | clandestine operation.
       | 
       | 6. Straightforward domination, such as through a deployment of a
       | sovereign but appropriately aligned or controlled AI fleet that
       | maintains the balance of a covert takeover / disassembly of the
       | power structure but phase transitions organically to redistribute
       | power to the wider populace before halting or terminating itself.
       | 
       | A lot of these require sci fi, non-existence technology, or risk
       | of armageddon. Are there alternatives (that don't require
       | classified information or a SCIF) that don't rely on these or is
       | the task complexity simply at that scale?
        
         | paradox242 wrote:
         | All of these technologies would be very useful to a government,
         | especially an authoritarian government. Who do you imagine
         | wielding this technology, exactly? Agents of a foreign power?
         | Internal dissidents? In either case it is difficult to imagine
         | a circumstance in which the same technology is not already
         | available to the CCP themselves.
        
         | exceptione wrote:
         | Dictatorships look strong from the outside, but are weak
         | inside. What looks like a monolith is in fact multiple tribes
         | seeking a position closer to the throne.
         | 
         | The most brutal few that make it to the top have to spend much
         | of their energy to get there or defend their position. That is
         | not saying they don't have any ideologies, but leadership in
         | these systems rewards obedience and tribute paying first of
         | all. So you get a system that optimizes optics for a hierarchy
         | of overlords.
         | 
         | Contrast that with the chaotic looking processes that happens
         | within free democratic societies. Leadership has a much broader
         | accountability, faces scrutiny from all sides, has to tolerate
         | opposition, are bound to laws and have term limits. This
         | system, with all buts and ifs, allows societies to innovate,
         | learn, adapt and prosper.
         | 
         | Chinese leadership should thank the late Kissinger for the
         | enormous transfer of wealth, intellectual properties, and
         | highly favorable trading conditions from the West. It is still
         | very dependent on it for its economics. Totalitarian states
         | will in the long run not be able to compete with free states.
         | 
         | The collapse of the Soviet Union was inevitable, but that stuff
         | can take decades.
        
         | ordu wrote:
         | (2) wouldn't work. People agree with propaganda not because
         | they think it is telling the truth. On the contrary, they agree
         | with propaganda and then they start believing it. I'd say it is
         | more like a social adaptation, you need to be like others.
         | 
         | (3) wouldn't work either, I think. Propaganda can absorb losses
         | and paint them as a heroic struggle against overhelming odds.
         | 
         |  _> Are there alternatives (that don't require classified
         | information or a SCIF) that don't rely on these or is the task
         | complexity simply at that scale?_
         | 
         | I don't know any, but I think that some way to form societies
         | independent from the government might help. Some way to meet
         | people, to discuss things with them, to plan actions and to do
         | it at a large scale. But the problem is how you can distinguish
         | a goverment spy from a freedom fighter? It is the key problem,
         | everything else is just an implementation detail.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | Almost all of the proposals in your comment seem authoritarian
         | to me. I think at this point we should have learned that
         | deploying totalitarianism to fight a regime the West doesn't
         | like both doesn't work and, to use your words, is "self-
         | evidently categorically bad".
         | 
         | Dreaming of some mind-controlling bioweapon to change the minds
         | of politicians we don't like seems particularly dystopian to
         | me.
         | 
         | If this technology existed, you can guarantee it will be
         | deployed in _your country_ , wherever that is.
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | > In the 2000s, the underground filmmaker Hu Jie interviewed most
       | of the survivors and in 2013 released online one of his best-
       | known films, Spark.
       | 
       | This film is available on YouTube:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iay4eXyUb7k
        
       | CitizenKane wrote:
       | What an interesting tale and gripping read. I've lived in China
       | and surprised that I've never heard of this before.
       | 
       | For those unaware, not a whole lot has changed since that time
       | unfortunately. China has had certain periods where they had
       | opened up somewhat, but those days are long gone to my knowledge.
       | If anything the repression may be even greater these days in some
       | ways, though at least there isn't any kind of mass starvation
       | going on as far as I'm aware.
       | 
       | The current system also seems to be more of a riff on the old
       | imperial system rather than something fundamentally new. In the
       | past it was an imperial examination to join the Mandarin
       | class[1], now it's a test to join the CPC [2]. Either way, if you
       | don't get in your opportunities are limited.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat) [2]
       | https://daily.jstor.org/communist-party-of-china/
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | > I've lived in China and surprised that I've never heard of
         | this before.
         | 
         | Why is that surprising? The regime is very thorough in
         | scrubbing history.
        
           | like_any_other wrote:
           | That is why it is surprising - to them.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > The current system also seems to be more of a riff on the old
         | imperial system
         | 
         | From a distance it seems like government policy is, in many
         | ways, also the imperial system returned, almost like the CCP is
         | the new dynasty (though not hereditary). The focus on
         | corruption (not among political allies, of course), which the
         | imperial system saw as its eventual downfall - IIRC Chinese
         | history at least traditionally taught there were three
         | repeating phases to a dynastic cycle: ascendency, corruption,
         | chaos, then ascendency again .... The perspective on other
         | countries as inevitably inferior. The attempt, post-Opium Wars,
         | to hold onto power by adopting Western technology without
         | adopting Western culture, such as political, intellectual, and
         | economic freedom (it never went well, as you might expect).
         | Even the nine dashed line geographical claims are, IIRC, from
         | the Qing dynasty.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Yes it does, but they also imported the credit based
           | fractional reserve monetary system. This really does require
           | constant growth for positive (or even near zero negative)
           | interest rates. Although there are a lot of monetary
           | controls, there are really only trade-offs not fixes, if
           | loans are made for which the asset does not cover a loss. You
           | have to pick winners and losers.
           | 
           | That said monetary controls are much stronger than you'd see
           | in an open market country, and one could force a digital
           | currency with negative interest rates.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | Constant growth in monetary terms doesn't require real
             | growth. Most currencies are at least somewhat inflationary.
             | 
             | Bad loans, like broken promises, will always be with us.
             | Sometimes you take a risk and trust someone, and it doesn't
             | work out, so you're poorer than you thought. It doesn't
             | mean we shouldn't take risks.
        
         | Tevo wrote:
         | _" If a revolution destroys a systematic government, but the
         | systematic patterns of thought that produced that government
         | are left intact, then those patterns will repeat themselves in
         | the succeeding government."_ - Robert Pirsig, Zen and the Art
         | of Motorcycle Maintenance
         | 
         | Though I don't know enough about Chinese politics to tell how
         | much the quote actually fits.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > People on the side of The People always ended up
           | disappointed, in any case. They found that The People tended
           | not to be grateful or appreciative or forward-thinking or
           | obedient. The People tended to be small-minded and
           | conservative and not very clever and were even distrustful of
           | cleverness.
           | 
           | > And so the children of the revolution were faced with the
           | age-old problem: it wasn't that you had the wrong kind of
           | government, which was obvious, but that you had the wrong
           | kind of people.
           | 
           | -- Night Watch (2002) by Terry Pratchett
        
           | taikobo wrote:
           | Born and raised and stuck here, I can tell you that it
           | absolutely fits. It is kind of a vicious cycle, the
           | government breed ignorant people and these people cultivate
           | the ruthless authoritarian regime continuously. But I do
           | believe history is on an upward trajectory, just with some
           | twists and turns, or "spirals" as the people here call it.
           | The problem is that maybe few of the people alive will live
           | long enough to reap the benefit of it.
        
         | _tik_ wrote:
         | In my home country, Indonesia, many of us were not aware of the
         | scale of the genocide of the left, or the massacres of
         | civilians after World War II and the War of Independence. Most
         | people pretend that it never happened and avoid discussing it.
         | Only recently have people started talking about it, but they
         | often face backlash.
         | 
         | Additionally, you will not find books on this topic in the
         | local library.
         | 
         | I think it is normal for a community to choose selected
         | amnesia.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | The system described in the second link has a lot of
         | interesting implications. That is one of those systems that
         | reminds me a bit of Enron - it sounds like a good idea, it
         | probably looks like a good idea in superficial results, but
         | that sort of elitism doesn't have a history of working out
         | well.
         | 
         | The comparison to the Ivy League for example. I don't think
         | there has been a plain Ivy League president in the US since
         | George W. Bush. I don't really see how to comment on him
         | without being political, but I note that his presidency was
         | such a success the right wing of politics is uniting behind a
         | man who very publicly said "[Bush] lied us into a war" as an
         | argument for why his family members weren't competent to lead
         | again based on his record. Elitism doesn't lead to excellence
         | outside a fairly narrow definition of the word.
        
       | boznz wrote:
       | This story will unfortunately be told again and again, in a
       | thousand languages, until the end of time.
        
         | em500 wrote:
         | Many years ago I read Animal Farm (1945) and Wild Swans (1991)
         | almost back to back. It was startling how much of China's post-
         | WW2 history was already written before it happened.
        
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