[HN Gopher] Actual Uses for Near-Term Quantum Computers
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       Actual Uses for Near-Term Quantum Computers
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 10 points
       Date   : 2024-03-21 20:13 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | apimade wrote:
       | > and destroying Internet security seems like a dubious reason to
       | build a new machine
       | 
       | In the same way technological advancements in radar and signals
       | brought aerial superiority, the first-mover in PQC will bring
       | both technical and cybersecurity superiority.
       | 
       | In 2015 people assumed we'd need 1 billion qubit computers to
       | break 2048-bit RSA.
       | 
       | That estimate changed to 20 million in 2019.
       | 
       | We're 5 years on from that and quantum supercomputers are 16x
       | more powerful than they were in 2019.
       | 
       | Based on our current rate of advancement, we'll likely be there
       | within 10 years or less, even if the estimated amount of
       | resources required don't decrease from improvements on the
       | cracking side.
        
         | vouaobrasil wrote:
         | > In the same way technological advancements in radar and
         | signals brought aerial superiority, the first-mover in PQC will
         | bring both technical and cybersecurity superiority.
         | 
         | I wish humanity would not be so obsessed with superiority. It's
         | disgusting.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | I think of them now as special-purpose accelerators, or, perhaps
       | better, analog computers for simulating quantum phenomena.
       | 
       | But that's because of their current limitations - they still need
       | a classical computer to set them up, the same way analog
       | computers were configured to perform a specific job with wires,
       | amplifiers, and function generators (because we didn't have
       | digital computers that could do that for us). What would a
       | function itself represented as a network of qubits to be applied
       | on data qubits even look like?
        
         | sudosysgen wrote:
         | There is such a thing as a quantum Turing machine. A classical
         | computer isn't needed in theory so long as you can make a
         | quantum register, it's just way better to set it up with a
         | classical computer instead of a temperamental and expensive
         | quantum one.
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | understanding quantum phenomena associated with developing a
       | quantum computer is in itself cool enough to justify investment
       | into it, at least at the academic level. People have been making
       | these really cool electronic devices, making 'magic' atoms with
       | protected quantum states. Quantum computing, even if a working
       | device never gets constructed, is like a bottomless well of
       | interesting quantum curiosities.
        
       | jameswryan wrote:
       | > ... destroying Internet security seems like a dubious reason to
       | build a new machine.
       | 
       | I can't agree with this; Destroying internet security is an
       | excellent reason to build a new machine.
        
       | billti wrote:
       | Shameless plug: But these types of areas of research (what types
       | of problems can quantum computers solve and when) has been a big
       | focus of our open-source Q# effort lately. You can see our last
       | two blog posts (https://devblogs.microsoft.com/qsharp/) are about
       | the resource estimation features we've recently built for exactly
       | this purpose. You can give them a try pretty easily in VS Code or
       | just in the browser (https://aka.ms/AQ/RE/Docs)
       | 
       | Disclaimer: I work on the Q# project
       | (https://github.com/microsoft/qsharp) in a team under Matthias
       | Troyer (quoted in the article).
       | 
       | Entirely personal option: I do think tempering some of the hype
       | of the past few years/decades and focusing on the areas of
       | highest potential is in general a good thing. Progress hasn't
       | been what some optimists had hoped for, but hardware has been
       | progressing quite quickly & consistently for years now, and I'm
       | confident we'll get there eventually.
        
       | the__prestige wrote:
       | TFA article mentions 5 use cases that are supposedly "within the
       | coming decade" and uses terms such as "few million qubits" "more
       | qubits than are currently available" and "within reach",
       | basically implying that there aren't any use cases possible now.
       | This seems to reinforce skepticism[1] expressed by other
       | researchers that practical uses of quantum computing will very
       | likely be different from what we thought possible before, quote -
       | "big compute" problems on small data, not big data problems.
       | 
       | As a newbie I seriously would like to know - are there ANY known
       | real world applications of quantum computing that are possible
       | today?
       | 
       | [1] https://cacm.acm.org/research/disentangling-hype-from-
       | practi...
        
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