[HN Gopher] Research shows plant-based polymers can disappear wi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Research shows plant-based polymers can disappear within seven
       months
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 144 points
       Date   : 2024-03-21 12:50 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (today.ucsd.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (today.ucsd.edu)
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | ...enabling more planned obsolescence than ever thought possible.
       | 
       | Why make things last when you can have them "naturally" self-
       | destruct and force you to buy again, under the guise of
       | greenwashing?
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | The use of degradable polymers is for things that are single
         | use. Plastic bags, straws, etc. nobody is trying to replace
         | your iPad with a compostable version that disolves in humidity.
         | 
         | It's cynical bordering on humor to look at the accumulation of
         | forever trash in our oceans and blood and say "well at least we
         | can build something that _may_ last with all this poison ".
         | Nobody does that anyway.
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | _Plastic bags, straws, etc_
           | 
           | Those are the least likely to degrade into microplastics
           | anyway, unlike clothing fibers and the like, and that is
           | already assuming you believe that microplastics have any
           | actual effects.
           | 
           |  _nobody is trying to replace your iPad with a compostable
           | version that disolves in humidity._
           | 
           | The article talks about phone cases and clothing.
        
             | techdmn wrote:
             | The phone cases made by RhinoShield are the aftermarket
             | kind that fit over the phone, not the integrated case.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Microplastics are accumulating at pretty high levels all
             | over the food chain, right? The burden of proof should be
             | on the folks who want to run the "let's all eat this new
             | thing in great quantities" experiment.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | No the burden of proof is on people who claim this will
               | reduce the release of microplastics. Most plastic
               | pollution comes from a few countries in Asia and from
               | fishing.
               | 
               | https://ourworldindata.org/ocean-plastics
               | 
               | What we need to do is assist these few countries with
               | better waste management, that is what by far would have
               | the biggest impact. Not saying we shouldn't do other
               | things too like trying to find new materials for fishing
               | nets or reducing fishing but plastic bags in the west is
               | not a significant source.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | That's a related but different issue, we should figure
               | out if they are safe, help other countries deal with
               | them, and stop producing as many ourselves, at the same
               | time.
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | We should also lead by example by not just exporting our
               | plastic trash to other countries.
        
               | Zach_the_Lizard wrote:
               | The story of humanity can be summed up as: "what if we
               | changed our environment without understanding it?" with
               | both wonderful and wretched consequences.
               | 
               | The same fires that poison the air we breathe also power
               | life saving medical equipment so that we can keep
               | breathing.
               | 
               | Micro plastics, endocrine disrupters and more have been
               | unleashed. I am sure their effects will prove to be less
               | than positive on both humans and wildlife.
               | 
               | But in trying to snuff out the next great environmental
               | crisis, will we account for the benefits we've derived
               | from the use of these materials when we do our cost-
               | benefit analysis? The effects on innovation?
               | 
               | Did curiosity kill the cat, but save cats?
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | We have think of it differently now, stuff like lead and
               | asbestos were bad, but localized mostly. We're running
               | the microplastic experiment on everybody simultaneously.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | This comment contradicts itself: if microplastics in
             | clothing are a serious issue, then we _should_ be looking
             | seriously at clothes that degrade without producing
             | microplastics.
             | 
             | (All clothing degrades; presumably you don't object to wool
             | or accuse wool sweaters of planned obsolescence.)
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | Or we can just burn the clothes. Almost no clothing in
               | Europe, biodegradable or not, ends up in the ocean.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | My understanding is that much of the West's second-hand
               | and overstock clothes ends up in countries like Ghana,
               | where it does end up in waterways[1]. This has presumably
               | increased over time due to fast fashion, which is a large
               | market in Europe (like in the US).
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.theguardian.com/global-
               | development/2023/jun/05/y...
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | Fast fashion is horrible. That article really shows on
               | aspect of it. It has turned a large chunk of a recycling
               | process into dumping.
        
               | logtempo wrote:
               | You really need to cite a source on this subject,
               | measuring the industrial waste is very difficult and any
               | articles state that "we found this but anyway, it's
               | difficult to track efficiently the industry wastes".
        
               | piaglfgp wrote:
               | Microplastics are emitted from clothing and flushed into
               | the waste water system, and from there to oceans, every
               | time you do laundry. This is considered to be the main
               | source of microplastic pollution, including in the EU
               | unless they managed something revolutionary that I'm not
               | aware of.
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43023-x
        
               | throwaway22032 wrote:
               | Absolutely shit tons of fluff comes off off polyester
               | clothes and ends up in the drain.
               | 
               | We could probably design washing machines to filter it
               | better, granted.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | So, like ... cotton?
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | Sure. But the reality is that cotton is expensive and
               | resource intensive compared to other materials; absent a
               | global effort to ban plastic clothes, it seems worthwhile
               | to make those clothes less environmentally damaging.
        
               | IntrepidWorm wrote:
               | Cotton also shrinks when wet and has poor thermal
               | properties - polymer blend fabrics perform better in the
               | cold, and are lighter and cheaper than wool. Goretex is
               | wonderful stuff, but its also made of '"forever-plastics"
               | and is known to slowly leach into runoff. Finding a
               | polymer that can be cleanly manufactured for a
               | competitive price with similar properties would be
               | wonderful, as long as theres also a method for it to
               | degrade safely when discarded.
        
           | Filligree wrote:
           | It's also commonly used in 3D printing, i.e. PLA.
           | 
           | PLA is stable enough in normal circumstances -- you need
           | specific equipment to make it degrade -- but once broken down
           | to microplastics it doesn't last long. Otherwise it's nearly
           | an ideal plastic for printing; brittle, but strong and
           | incredibly easy to print. With some additives you can get rid
           | of the brittleness, though I'm not sure how those would
           | degrade.
           | 
           | I see no reason you couldn't make plastic straws from PLA.
           | Clothing might not last as long, but plastic clothing never
           | lasts that long in any case; I prefer cotton.
        
             | delecti wrote:
             | A lot of commercially available
             | "biodegradable"/"compostable" plastic is already made out
             | of PLA.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | American plastic trash does not end up in the ocean.
        
             | Projectiboga wrote:
             | Have you spent time in any major American coastal city or
             | one with an ocean bound river. There is so much plastic
             | litter. I'm in Manhattan and I see plastic litter every
             | day. If even some of it doesn't get swept up it's a short
             | trip to the East River, a tidal estuary of the Atlantic
             | Ocean. This isn't a theory these things are gathering into
             | the oceans and in our bodies.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | > nobody is trying to replace your iPad with a compostable
           | version that disolves in humidity.
           | 
           | Ssh - you will give the electronics industry ideas :)
        
         | bordercases wrote:
         | The arguments against planned obsolescence are partially
         | environmental. If planned obsolescence isn't going away, at
         | least this aspect is improved. Consider medical disposables, or
         | one-time packaging that still requires medium term storage
         | survivability.
        
         | mechanicalpulse wrote:
         | I'll take environmentally responsible planned obsolescence over
         | the current situation.
         | 
         | Nothing lasts. Durable plastic and metal goods become damaged
         | or worn. What then? When repair, reuse, or recycling is not
         | socioeconomically attractive, having some sort of naturally
         | sustainable cycle would be nice, wouldn't it?
         | 
         | Even if I have to buy a new phone case every seven months, if
         | it's part of a sustainable cycle that becomes quite economical
         | due to the massive scale -- wouldn't that be better than
         | maintaining the current production of long-lived plastics?
         | 
         | This strikes me as an example of capitalism learning something
         | from biology.
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | Meanwhile, a lot of people end up buying cars sooner than
           | they would have had to otherwise, because someone thought it
           | was a good, environmentally-sound idea to make electrical
           | wiring out of tasty, tasty soybeans.
           | 
           |  _That 's_ capitalism taking a lesson from nature.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | The problem with "environmentally responsible" planned
           | obsolescence is that it's never environmentally responsible
           | to throw out what would otherwise be a functional device but
           | for the fact that it was made to break down on a specific
           | timetable. The three Rs are "reduce, reuse, recycle", not
           | "recycle, recycle, recycle". Making the product degrade
           | prematurely means you can't reuse, and by proxy, having to
           | buy a new one means you're not reducing.
           | 
           | Degradable devices sounds like the sort of thing intended to
           | assuage the consciences of very rich people who buy the
           | newest iPhone every year.
        
       | thrawn0r wrote:
       | it doesnt seem like `the market` will fix this abhorrent use of
       | plastic for packaging and other fast moving consumer goods. This
       | is where states have to interfere and ban plastic usage. How can
       | it be allowed to package 80g of food (like ham, cheese etc.) that
       | has a shelf-life of max. 14 days in 10g+ of plastic that will be
       | around for hundreds of years? If you go to any super market there
       | is no consumer choice but to buy most of your food wrapped in
       | plastic, amounting to kilos of plastic per family and month :(
        
         | BenFranklin100 wrote:
         | This seems like an appropriate place for the government to step
         | in and price negative externalities in the form of taxes. Taxes
         | are effective as bans but they better handle edge cases where
         | plastic may still be required for whatever reason.
        
           | sph wrote:
           | Where do you account for lobbying from the oil industry and
           | corruption?
        
         | sph wrote:
         | In a perfect world where governments are competent, I would
         | love a law stating that packaging must not last more than 10x
         | times the shelf life of the product itself. Ham expires after 3
         | days? Put it in packaging that lasts no more than 30 days when
         | left outside.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Something that only lasts 30 days is going to partially start
           | breaking down on day 1, I don't think people want that
           | touching their meat.
        
             | logtempo wrote:
             | Adjust the variable in consequence, we're talking about a
             | fictional material. You're using a strawman there, just to
             | be in contradiction.
        
             | sph wrote:
             | Just brainstorming here: anything temperature-based? Starts
             | degrading above 10C for example. In your fridge it's no
             | problem, chuck it out of the window like a savage and it
             | will eventually degrade, unless you live on the poles.
             | 
             | Sounds like a good avenue for (organic) material science
             | research.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Does something like that exist? Can something like that
               | exist? don't forget it needs to be food safe - including
               | whatever it breaks down to, and whatever bacteria might
               | grow on it - so long as the food itself is safe to eat.
               | 
               | Materials science has come a long way, but some problems
               | still are not solved and it isn't always clear if the
               | problem can be solved.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Water ice fits the description, but it's hard to see how
               | that would be practical.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | We need Ice 9: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-nine
        
             | Projectiboga wrote:
             | Ok 100, or 500, both way below the hundreds of years they
             | now last.
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | You know, this is simply not true.
               | 
               | I have found old buried plastic bags, from supermarkets -
               | I remember the bag style from just a few years ago. The
               | bags had severely degraded. When I tried to pick one up,
               | it fell apart into small pieces, what integrity it had
               | was gone. I've had the same experience with bags left in
               | lofts - they degrade.
               | 
               | From my personal experience, I therefore assume that
               | plastics already disintegrate after about 10 years, not
               | 100 or 500 years, as you state.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | You're just talking about a bag degrading into smaller
               | and smaller plastic particles (microplastics) while the
               | people above are talking about biodegrading into natural
               | elements.
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | You think I'm unfair in comparing a plastic bag to
               | plastic packaging? If you follow this particular thread,
               | they were talking about packaging.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | No, you're just confusing macroscopic level of
               | degradation (the whole structure degrades) and
               | microscopic degradation (molecules are being degraded).
               | 
               | The problem with plastic is that while the macroscopic
               | structure can be altered in just a few years (depending
               | on the conditions), the resulting parts aren't being
               | metabolized away by micro-organisms and they remain as
               | small plastic chunks, and then micro-plastic, then nano
               | plastic, until they eventually break down entirely after
               | decades, which is very unlike what happens with what we
               | call biodegradable materials.
        
           | randomdata wrote:
           | _> In a perfect world where governments are competent_
           | 
           | Yet the general consensus seems to be that in a perfect world
           | governments are democratic, and therefore beholden to the
           | will of the people, not authoritarian like you suggest. But
           | if the will of the people wants to see a change in the use of
           | plastic, they don't need it to flow through government, they
           | can simply change their buying habits.
        
             | AstralStorm wrote:
             | You cannot buy something that doesn't exist or is otherwise
             | unavailable.
             | 
             | And good packaging materials rarely make for good
             | marketing.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> You cannot buy something that doesn 't exist or is
               | otherwise unavailable._
               | 
               | Of course you can. Facilitating such a thing is
               | Kickstarter's entire business model, as an example. You
               | can also refrain from buying, communicating to other
               | people that "I'm not buying your product unless you..."
               | which gives really strong incentive to do things
               | differently.
               | 
               | It's not like government is some kind of magical thing.
               | It's just people. And in the case of democratic
               | government, it's the _very same_ people.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > You can also refrain from buying
               | 
               |  _Day 56 after I refrained from buying food: I 'm now
               | dead._
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | If only the people had chosen to enact a law that made it
               | illegal to sell you food packaged in harmful packaging
               | that you had already decided not to buy. I mean, you'd
               | still be dead, but you'd have 56 days of satisfaction
               | knowing that your voice was heard.
        
             | comicjk wrote:
             | We're talking about negative externalities, of which
             | pollution is a perfect example: the effects of pollution
             | are spread across everyone, no matter who emits it, so no
             | one has an individual incentive to change their buying
             | habits. It's a coordination problem, which can be solved
             | democratically by the voters demanding an overall change in
             | incentives (such as an appropriate tax on single-use non-
             | biodegradable plastics).
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> We 're talking about negative externalities_
               | 
               | No. Not sure why would you would choose to reply _before_
               | reading the comments, but since you have... we are quite
               | explicitly talking about at least one consumer expecting
               | food packaging to degrade within a similar period as the
               | food contained within, with a suggestion that an
               | authoritarian government in a perfect world would
               | recognize that as a good idea and force it upon the
               | people.
               | 
               | But the general consensus seems to be that, in a perfect
               | world, governments are democratic - a notion you do not
               | seem to discount.
               | 
               | Under a democracy, if he stands alone in that desire of
               | short-life packaging, nothing is going to change. No
               | business is going to cater to his unique want (well,
               | _maybe_ if he 's exceedingly rich and is willing to pay
               | disproportionally for it) and government is not going to
               | act on the wishes of one person (that would be
               | undemocratic). If a majority of people share in that
               | desire, though, then businesses would face pressure to
               | provide when consumers make that choice clear. Any
               | business that fails to comply will suffer the
               | consequences of lost profits. The people can enact a law
               | that prevents themselves from buying the product they
               | already don't want to buy, but that doesn't accomplish
               | anything. They've already decided they don't want to buy
               | it!
               | 
               | Democratic government is useful for cleaning up minority
               | groups who try to act against the wishes of the majority,
               | but in this particular case you have not even made clear
               | why the minority would be stuck on buying 'forever'
               | packaging or what businesses would gain from catering to
               | the minority. People don't care about food packaging that
               | much. Once the majority are buying short-life packaging,
               | the small number of people who want to watch the world
               | burn will be priced out of the market anyway. As such,
               | there is no need for government. The people can just do
               | it...
               | 
               | ...and if they don't, that's the end of it. Magic isn't
               | going to swoop in and save the day. The democratic
               | government is nothing other than _the very same people_
               | who have already decided that, in this scenario, they don
               | 't want to do anything.
               | 
               | But maybe what you're really struggling to say is that
               | democracy wouldn't be found in a perfect world? Fair
               | enough, but I'm still not sure that's the general
               | consensus.
        
             | littlestymaar wrote:
             | > they can simply change their buying habits.
             | 
             | Sure. And where am I supposed to find affordable food not
             | wrapped in plastic? Ideally in my city and not 100kms away,
             | and not 10 times the price. And now that you're at it,
             | please tell me where I can buy food that is not already
             | polluted by microplastics?
             | 
             | This kind of argument is a just a "blaming the victim" kind
             | of reasoning.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> And where am I supposed to find affordable food not
               | wrapped in plastic?_
               | 
               | The same place you expect to find it when you outlaw food
               | wrapped in plastic. It's not going to disappear until
               | people stop buying it. You can create a law to remind you
               | to not buy food wrapped in plastic, or you can just not
               | buy food wrapped in plastic. So long as the population is
               | on board with the idea of not buying food wrapped in
               | plastic, there is absolutely no difference.
               | 
               | If you are suggesting that the population isn't on board
               | and everyone other than you is quite happy to keep buying
               | food wrapped in plastic then a democratic government
               | would never create such a law in the first place,
               | rendering the entire discussion moot. That would not be
               | in alignment with the will of the people. Democracy does
               | not serve individual whims.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > The same place you expect to find it when you outlaw
               | food wrapped in plastic. It's not going to disappear
               | until people stop buying it.
               | 
               | People aren't going to stop buying it as long as it's the
               | only option!
               | 
               | > You can create a law to remind you to not buy food
               | wrapped in plastic,
               | 
               | It's not about reminding you not to buy, it's about
               | banning people from selling. You know, as they already do
               | for dangerous stuff like Kinder Suprise in the US...
               | 
               | > or you can just not buy food wrapped in plastic.
               | 
               | You cannot because nobody is selling it.
               | 
               | > If you're suggesting that the population isn't on
               | board, then a democratic government would never create
               | such a law in the first place. It would not be the will
               | of the people.
               | 
               | The population is on board, but population-wide
               | synchronization don't happen for free you know. Here's a
               | fun example: here in Europe the majority of people is
               | against daylight saving time. Yet there is one. That's
               | stupid you'd say, because they could actually
               | collectively decide not to change their clocks' time and
               | call it a day, DST is gone. But in fact, doing so would
               | require an enormous amount of coordination, and this kind
               | of amount of coordination is the exact reason why we've
               | created the State in the first place! And it's actually
               | its only power! (armed force: literally started as just a
               | well synchronized militia, same for law enforcement,
               | collecting taxes: just make sure to get a big enough
               | group to raid the house of the people who refuse to pay,
               | etc.)
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> People aren 't going to stop buying it as long as it's
               | the only option!_
               | 
               | Then that's it. Game over. Until buyers stop buying
               | what's already out there, vendors don't have an avenue to
               | sell any kind of replacement. Fortunately, your view is
               | quite disconnected from reality. In the real world people
               | talk, negotiate, and work to satisfy the buyer's wants
               | and needs.
               | 
               |  _> It 's not about reminding you not to buy, it's about
               | banning people from selling. You know, as they already do
               | for dangerous stuff like Kinder Suprise in the US..._
               | 
               | Not to mention illicit drugs. They, of course, straight
               | up vanished from the US as soon as it became illegal to
               | sell them. Oh wait.
               | 
               | Let's be real: If someone is buying, there will be
               | someone ready to sell. The law ultimately has to compel
               | the buyer to back away. You can say the onus is on the
               | seller, but you're just looking at the opposite side of
               | the same coin.
               | 
               |  _> Yet there is one._
               | 
               | Meaning that if I decide to keep my clocks on a constant
               | schedule it's straight to jail for me? If not, how does
               | that relate to a law that would penalize you if you sell
               | (or buy) plastic-wrapped food? In this part of the world,
               | at least, if you want to ignore DST, go nuts. DST only
               | exists because the people just do it, not because there
               | is some legal threat that keeps them on the straight and
               | narrow.
               | 
               |  _> and this kind of amount of coordination is the exact
               | reason why we 've created the State in the first place!_
               | 
               | If the state is democratic, the people have to coordinate
               | _first_. Without such coordination, there is no way for
               | democracy to take place. Once the people have coordinated
               | their will, they can just do it. Like you point out with
               | DST - at least to the extent of its existence in my part
               | of the world - you don 't need a law to force people to
               | do what they've already decided to do. They can just do
               | it. Simple as that.
               | 
               | Such laws are useful for keeping the minority dissenters
               | in line with the will of the majority, but in this case
               | once the majority has stopped buying plastic-wrapped
               | food, it is highly unlikely there will be a compelling
               | business case to serve the small handful of people who
               | want to see the world burn. I mean, even if you don't
               | give a rat's ass about the environment, are you really
               | going to go well out of your way to buy plastic-wrapped
               | food? Not likely. You're just going to buy the food the
               | same way everyone else is. It will be cheaper and much,
               | much, much more convenient.
               | 
               | The previous commenter's idea of an authoritative higher
               | power forcing the people to bend to his will is great and
               | all, but doesn't work with democracy. If a perfect world
               | sees that government be a democracy, as the prevailing
               | consensus seems to indicate, then that idea is out the
               | window in said perfect world.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > Then that's it. Game over. Until buyers stop buying
               | what's already out there, vendors don't have an avenue to
               | sell anything else.
               | 
               | That's pretty fascinating to see that you're reading
               | literally everything backward, like not only the real
               | world around you but even what I'm writing! I'm talking
               | about the fact that nobody is _offering_ the possibility
               | to buy stuff that 's not wrapped (and for legit business
               | reasons, it's much easier on their supply-chain
               | management to do so this way), and you're interpreting as
               | if the problem was on the demand side.
               | 
               | And everything is in the same vein: I'm talking about a
               | situation where the supply side is definitely not
               | providing what the consumer want, at least a significant
               | fraction of the population, and you insist in arguing as
               | if plastic packaging was driven by consumer demand: it is
               | not it's cost saving and supply chain ease of use on the
               | supply side, not demand. And that's why you can't find
               | any: why would a business bother doing what the customer
               | want when they can get away with costs savings because
               | customers have nowhere to go.
               | 
               | > Meaning that if I decide to keep my clocks on a
               | constant schedule, it's straight to jail for me?
               | 
               | Chances are that you'll straight up lose your job after a
               | couple days. Then you'll see how your freedom not to
               | change your clock time is respected when you're being
               | evicted because you could not pay your rents due to lack
               | of revenue. By the way that's a good illustration of the
               | difference between freedom in a vacuum, and the actual
               | exercise of freedom in a socially interconnected world
               | where your agency is in fact very constrained by material
               | factors.
               | 
               | > If the state is democratic, the people have to
               | coordinate first. Without such coordination, there is no
               | way for democracy to take place.
               | 
               | Fascinatingly steady with backward-driven thinking
               | indeed! You can't have democracy if you don't have a
               | state entity that's able to run the elections and enforce
               | them. The democratic character of the state comes later,
               | once the people already in charge have been confirmed
               | through the election, or when they decided to step down
               | if they lose. Coordination comes from the state, which
               | can then replicate itself thanks to this coordination. No
               | state _started_ with an election, at the very beginning
               | was always somebody getting power through other means (be
               | it a foreign invader, a previously ruling king, or a
               | group of insurrectionist).
               | 
               | > Laws are useful for keeping the minority dissenters in
               | line with the will of the majority, but in this case once
               | the majority has stopped buying plastic-wrapped food, it
               | is highly unlikely there will be a compelling business
               | case to serve the small handful of people who want to see
               | the world burn.
               | 
               | But without enforcement, nobody will ever be able to buy
               | such food, because nobody has an incentive to sell it in
               | the first place. It's cheaper to sell plastic wrapped
               | food, and because the externalities come for free, the
               | business isn't paying the cost of their behavior. Buyers,
               | or at least a significant fraction of it, realize the
               | cost, but they don't have any leverage on the business
               | because there's nowhere to go. The same way I'm not
               | buying a smartphone that's being manufactured in my
               | country, because there isn't any.
               | 
               | > Laws are useful for keeping the minority dissenters in
               | line with the will of the majority
               | 
               | Not only. Laws are also setting the state budget, the tax
               | levels or food and drugs safety standards, your
               | interpretation of what law is supposed to do is indeed
               | very limited in comparison to what it actually is in the
               | real world.
               | 
               | > he previous commenter's idea of a higher power forcing
               | the people to bend to his will is great and all, but
               | doesn't work with democracy.
               | 
               | No, there's no non-democratic high power in charge up
               | there, it's just a matter of democratic state intervening
               | to fix a market imperfection (negative externalities),
               | but in your now infamous skill to misinterpret
               | everything, you managed somehow invented some
               | authoritarian power in the discussion. Well done.
               | 
               | Maybe you could try reading what other people are writing
               | twice before commenting, or maybe three or four times,
               | just to be sure you're not making things up in your head,
               | because that's a recurring theme at that point.
               | 
               | Edit: oh I found this gem in another comment of yours
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39783570)
               | 
               |  _Not sure why would you would choose to reply before
               | reading the comments_
               | 
               | The irony is absolutely delicious.
        
         | sargun wrote:
         | I can see this playing out in one of two ways: 1. Suddenly
         | shelf lives are massively extended. I think this would be a
         | good thing. 2. Shelf lives are decreased to accommodate
         | degradable packaging.
         | 
         | Given the people who are in the food supply chain are probably
         | going to be sourcing the same packaging from maybe 2-3 vendors,
         | I don't see anyone able to differentiate themselves on
         | packaging tech.
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | > If you go to any super market there is no consumer choice but
         | to buy most of your food wrapped in plastic, amounting to kilos
         | of plastic per family and month
         | 
         | This is corporations 'socialising' the expense of their
         | decisions via writing laws. Why should they pay?
        
         | megaman821 wrote:
         | I am seeing lots of problems with your argument here:
         | * One, the amount of carbon that get wasted if that sandwich
         | goes bad is immense compared to the small amount of carbon it
         | takes to make the plastic.       * Two, in places with decent
         | waste management, what is wrong with the plastic sitting in a
         | landfill.       * Three, assuming you are still going to
         | protect food items, the alternatives are all heavier materials
         | that will increase transportation costs and pollution.
        
       | burrish wrote:
       | Always good news to hear alternative being made possible, but it
       | doesn't matter if none of the big industries are willing to make
       | the change.
       | 
       | Always this need to wait 5 years or so until European Union
       | decide to fine them if they don't get their shit together.
        
         | oliv__ wrote:
         | Ah yes, let's wait for the European Union to fix the world's
         | problems. It's worked so well until now...
        
           | Ma8ee wrote:
           | So far California (at least used to) and the EU seem to do
           | more than the rest of the world together.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | Yes, better than anybody else. That its not enough aint their
           | fault.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | There is also an upcoming UN plastic treaty that could
         | potentially exert some influence here.
        
       | whimsicalism wrote:
       | in terms of microplastics in our bodies, is there actually any
       | evidence these are harmful?
       | 
       | i know intuitively they would be, but i haven't actually found
       | good evidence when i've gone searching
        
         | prmph wrote:
         | There was a recent study [1] that found they could dramatically
         | raise the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
         | 
         | [1].
         | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/06/microsco...
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | Sounds like something that ought to be backed up by
           | statistics... say, a rise in otherwise-unexplained
           | cardiovascular events that coincides with microplastic
           | production.
           | 
           | Haven't seen any such studies, but I'm sure they're out there
           | if you look hard enough.
        
             | MalphasWats wrote:
             | > These effects consist of oxidative stress, DNA damage,
             | organ dysfunction, metabolic disorder, immune response,
             | neurotoxicity, as well as reproductive and developmental
             | toxicity. In addition, the epidemiological evidence
             | suggests that a variety of chronic diseases may be related
             | to microplastics exposure.
             | 
             | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/envhealth.3c00052
        
             | tiagod wrote:
             | I can think of a few confounding factors for that...
        
             | prmph wrote:
             | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/06/microsc
             | o...
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | this seems significantly better than past studies i've seen,
           | thanks
        
             | verisimi wrote:
             | Right, but that comment is not a study, it's just someone
             | saying there's a study..... They might be wrong, mistaken,
             | or whatever... Sorry if it seems churlish, but if you are
             | after studies, that comment is not what you want.
        
               | prmph wrote:
               | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/06/micro
               | sco...
        
               | TFortunato wrote:
               | Study was linked in article, but for those who don't want
               | to go digging:
               | https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2309822
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | i mean i looked up the study, it was very easy to find as
               | it is covered in nature and recent
        
               | verisimi wrote:
               | The comment that now has a link in it, did not have a
               | link in it when I posted my comment!
        
       | culi wrote:
       | Just so anyone doesn't get the wrong idea, this is about a
       | specific algae-based polymer being developed by UCSD.
       | 
       | > Microplastics can take anywhere from 100 to 1,000 years to
       | break down and, in the meantime, our planet and bodies are
       | becoming more polluted with these materials every day
       | 
       | In general "biodegradable plastics" currently on the market
       | should still be heavily scrutinized. So far it mostly has just
       | meant it gets to the microplastics stage faster than other
       | plastics. Not only does this have negative health consequences
       | for us and fish, but it also makes it much more difficult to ever
       | recycle and re-use these plastics
       | 
       | https://www.biopak.com/au/resources/biodegradable-plastic-pr...
       | 
       | Still, it's exciting to see progress on the possibility of an
       | actually sustainable version of biodegradable plastic. Hopefully
       | it can scale and doesn't lead to other micro pollutants
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >Not only does this have negative health consequences for us
         | and fish, but it also makes it much more difficult to ever
         | recycle and re-use these plastics
         | 
         | Are there any actual concerns with pure PLA?
        
           | WhatIsDukkha wrote:
           | "Environments without the necessary conditions will see very
           | slow decomposition akin to that of non-bioplastics, not fully
           | decomposing for hundreds or thousands of years.[59]"
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid#Degradation
           | 
           | No mention of its actual life cycle as it turns into a
           | microplastic ie so it should be presumed dangerous in the
           | same ways.
        
           | mypalmike wrote:
           | I suspect they are referring specifically to PLA.
        
         | huytersd wrote:
         | When they say break down they just mean even more micro than
         | microplastics right? It's not truly breaking down right?
        
           | sfink wrote:
           | Nope, truly breaking down and digested by bacteria.
           | 
           | > The last measurement involved chemical analysis via gas
           | chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS), which detected the
           | presence of the monomers used to make the plastic, indicating
           | that the polymer was being broken to its starting plant
           | materials. Scanning-electron microscopy further showed how
           | microorganisms colonize the biodegradable microplastics
           | during composting.
        
             | huytersd wrote:
             | No I mean regular plastics. They're not truly going to get
             | broken down in a 100 years, they're just going to be really
             | tiny.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | I suspect the sweet spot actually lies a bit higher than 7
       | months. You don't want stuff disintegrating while in use.
       | 
       | ...call it 5 or 10 years. But anything that gets us away from the
       | functionally "forever" of current plastics would be a win
        
         | jtsiskin wrote:
         | 7 months in industrial compost, not 7 months in use! Hopefully
         | under 'normal conditions' it does already last 5 or 10 years...
        
       | pinkmuffinere wrote:
       | As far as I can tell, the company with the IP is making
       | individual consumer products, like shoes and surfboard parts [1].
       | I wish I could buy the material, to make my own biodegradable
       | parts. It would also be nice to see packaging materials in their
       | lineup
       | 
       | [1] https://www.algenesismaterials.com/algenesis-products
        
       | H8crilA wrote:
       | I think that we've know that for a very, very long time:
       | cellulose, i.e. wood or paper, is an example.
        
       | arrowleaf wrote:
       | This is a good chance to ask something I've wondered for a while,
       | why isn't cellophane more commonly used as an alternative to
       | plastic film? Is it coatings on cellophane that make it just as
       | bad as plastic? Or does the environmental impact of producing
       | cellophane outweigh the fact that it's biodegradable?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-03-21 23:00 UTC)