[HN Gopher] Astronaut Thomas Stafford has died
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       Astronaut Thomas Stafford has died
        
       Author : jnord
       Score  : 151 points
       Date   : 2024-03-19 13:00 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford
        
       | I-M-S wrote:
       | That leaves seven Apollo astronauts still alive, the youngest of
       | whom are 88. I'm not sure how likely it is that any of them will
       | see humans walk the Moon again.
        
         | jjice wrote:
         | I guess I shouldn't be surprised since they were picked
         | partially for health, but seven with the youngest being 88 is a
         | great lifespan for them.
        
           | InitialLastName wrote:
           | There were once 24 of them, and by definition they were old
           | enough to be astronauts 52 years ago. [0] suggests that for a
           | 36 year old now the median age of death is 76; I don't see a
           | spread but it shouldn't be surprising to see 1/3 outlast that
           | by 12 years.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | There's a good chance some or all 7 will see people walk on the
         | moon reasonably soon.
         | 
         | Artemus 3 is scheduled for September 2026, that can clearly
         | slip but a 2.5 year deadline suggests it is unlikely to slip
         | that far or get canceled.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_3 IMO 80% chance it
         | happens within 6 years and 95% chance they actually land on the
         | moon successfully.
         | 
         | Without a firm date it's hard to have a specific plan, but it
         | may be worth actually going and seeing that launch.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | >Artemus 3 is scheduled for September 2026, that can clearly
           | slip but a 2.5 year deadline suggests it is unlikely to slip
           | that far or get canceled.
           | 
           | Artemis has failed to meet a single deadline since its
           | inception, and has cost more than all public and private
           | investment into SpaceX for the last 20 years combined. We are
           | paying more for a single (disposable) SLS engine than the
           | cost of an entire Falcon 9 launch. The whole thing is a
           | farce.
        
             | glimshe wrote:
             | Cost overruns are a staple of government-led programs.
             | Also, the government has very deep pockets (and plenty of
             | credit) and should be able to deal with the costs as long
             | as it remains a priority in our image competition with
             | China.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Cost and schedule overruns are a staple of developing new
               | technology and complex systems. It's very difficult to
               | estimate time and budget for those things.
        
               | nordsieck wrote:
               | >Cost and schedule overruns are a staple of developing
               | new technology and complex systems. It's very difficult
               | to estimate time and budget for those things.
               | 
               | I'd be more sympathetic if SLS had more new technology.
               | 
               | They're using actual engines that previously flew on
               | Shuttles.
               | 
               | And sure - there's a few changes - the SRBs have 5
               | segments, there's new insulation, etc. But nothing that
               | should have caused the expense and delay that we're
               | seeing.
               | 
               | Heck - the cost overruns and delays with the mobile
               | launch platforms ML-1 and ML-2 are absurd and there's
               | absolutely nothing new there - they're just steel towers
               | with piping.
        
             | stevenjgarner wrote:
             | My initial response is of course to agree with you. But
             | then I reflect on how impossible it would have been for
             | SpaceX to succeed without the support of NASA (and other
             | agencies). NASA is a political organization consisting of
             | its headquarters in Washington, D.C. together with 10 field
             | centers [1]. While this unnecessary scattering and
             | distribution of effort is itself a reflection of pork
             | barrel spending, it has been what has been necessary to
             | galvanize the support of constituent American
             | representatives to approve the relatively meager NASA
             | budget.
             | 
             | Similarly the Artemis program is the very compromise those
             | ever-changing representatives and administrations can agree
             | on, together with its cost plus method of budgeting, to
             | keep jobs in districts and re-election coffers full. I
             | remind myself I need to embrace that rather than be cynical
             | about it. Democracy is hard.
             | 
             | I'm at a point now where I realize how essential the
             | Artemis program is to the ongoing support for SpaceX by
             | NASA. The program will change a LOT more based on both
             | every success SpaceX has with Starship and any further
             | ongoing failure of Boeing (please no!). IMO I feel we need
             | to wish NASA, SpaceX (and Blue Origin) and yes even Boeing
             | the very best or something even better. I am awed at the
             | political deftness with which NASA is transitioning away
             | from cost plus and has engaged the private sector.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/hq/nasa-
             | center-a...
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | Artemis has a higher risk of being cancelled or fundamentally
           | restructured than delays.
        
           | mhaberl wrote:
           | >> I'm not sure how likely it is that any of them will see
           | humans walk the Moon again.
           | 
           | > There's a good chance some or all 7 will see people walk on
           | the moon
           | 
           | Chance that a 88 year old male will live 6 more years is
           | about 27% according to the tables [1]
           | 
           | So, a chance that at least one of those 7 lives 6 more years
           | is about 89% (a bit less because some are older than 88), but
           | that is the ballpark figure
           | 
           | I would call that more than a good chance :)
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html
        
             | vijayr02 wrote:
             | Now adjust for the fact that these are all ex astronauts,
             | so will probably be fitter than the average 88 year old? Is
             | there data for life expectancy given astronaut?
        
               | WXLCKNO wrote:
               | Top comment says there's 7 astronauts still alive the
               | youngest being 88? That's all already way beyond the norm
               | I think.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Literal survivorship bias. There were 24 originally and
               | this was more than 50 years ago.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Astronauts in the 1960s were required to be perfectly
               | healthy before their mission, not even minor anomalies in
               | bloodwork etc. were tolerated. No surprise that a third
               | of the moonwalkers is still alive at approximately 90.
               | 
               | Nowadays the tolerance is somewhat bigger.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | Fine point which has nothing to do with my comment.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Not to mention when you understand so much about the
               | bodies physiology, its probably hard to allow yourself to
               | fall out of shape considering you know better than most
               | what that means.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | There are doctors who smoke... it is known. ;)
               | 
               | EDIT: And then an anecdote: a nurse student told me that
               | almost all of her co-students consume tobacco. Hmm.
        
               | ownlife wrote:
               | 7 out of 24 - just under 1/3 - making it to or past 88 is
               | probably higher than average. More also made it past 88
               | but are dead now.
        
               | keybored wrote:
               | And only considering the survivors is still survivorship
               | bias.
        
               | seanhunter wrote:
               | No it's not.
               | 
               | We have no interest in the question of whether the apollo
               | astronauts who have already died will be alive when a
               | human next walks on the moon.
               | 
               | The question is of the apollo astronauts who are still
               | alive, what is the probability that they will still be
               | alive when a human next walks on the moon.
               | 
               | The population under consideration is only astronauts who
               | are alive now.
               | 
               | Survivorship bias would only be involved if you were
               | considering some question that involved all apollo
               | astronauts eg for example if we used the population who
               | are alive now to make a prediction as of the completion
               | of the programme.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | This isn't survivorship bias, just imperfect information
               | being sufficient. Will anyone be alive at X date can
               | ignore the dead from the population as irrelevant.
               | 
               | The second question if they are an unusually healthy or
               | sick group doesn't need to look at the dead either. Only
               | ~20 percent of 35 year old men live to 88. Having at
               | least 7 men out of 24 reaching that age is already an
               | long lived group, though not necessarily statistically
               | significant.
               | 
               | Looking at the full numbers gives a more precise number,
               | but 12 of 24 vs 7(+) making it to 88 doesn't change the
               | result. Further, even if it was exactly 7 of 24 again the
               | answer doesn't change.
        
             | hoorayimhelping wrote:
             | Also, it's worth noting that Apollo astronauts are not
             | average-health men. They were selected for their extreme
             | outlier health attributes, which is why so many of them
             | live so long.
        
               | embedded_hiker wrote:
               | Jim Irwin, who walked ( and rode a car ) on the moon on
               | Apollo 15, and had some heart problems while on the moon.
               | He was obviously healthy before. He ended up having
               | several heart attacks, and died at age 61. He is an
               | outlier in this regard, and there will always be
               | speculation as to whether the strain of walking on the
               | moon damaged his heart.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Irwin
        
             | somenameforme wrote:
             | We're taking Boeing's ability to screw things up, NASA's
             | extreme risk aversion, and then mixing them up together in
             | a blender that includes untested technology, the first
             | humans out of low orbit in more than half a century, and
             | NASA's desire to make a huge spectacle out of it all -
             | including identity politics.
             | 
             | IMO there's a high probability that a human landing via
             | Artemis ultimately never happens. This isn't the NASA of
             | the 60s that's happy to send a few guys up to the Moon
             | while simultaneously also already having a memorial speech
             | commemorating their deaths written and on standby. They're
             | going to want to be near to 100% assured that the mission
             | will be safely executed, and I simply don't think you can
             | get anywhere near to that in practice.
             | 
             | For the exact same reasons, it's also unlikely that Artemis
             | 2 will go ahead. And that launch is scheduled for as early
             | as the end of next year. So it should be an early indicator
             | of things to come, or not to come.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | As a huge fan of the Apollo program for decades, and the
               | Artemis program now, it pained me to upvote your comment.
               | But you are 100% correct on every point you mention.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's wildly pessimistic, Artemis 1 went just fine.
               | Suggesting Artemis 2 is going to be canceled at this
               | point with nothing to back it up is just pessimism
               | without justification.
        
           | Eliezer wrote:
           | Prediction markets seem to think 2028.
           | https://manifold.markets/plsdelete/when-will-humans-set-
           | foot...
        
           | dagoodnews wrote:
           | > There's a good chance some or all 7 will see people walk on
           | the moon reasonably soon.
           | 
           | Yes. And SpaceX was supposed to fly the japanese entrepreneur
           | around the moon in 2023.
           | 
           | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-moon-announcement-
           | elon-m...
           | 
           | Considering that just a fly-by to the moon is being delayed,
           | I'd imagine that actually landing men on the moon is going to
           | be delayed as well.
        
           | bigbillheck wrote:
           | PRC's planning on 2030: https://spacenews.com/china-sets-
           | sights-on-crewed-lunar-land...
        
         | nkoren wrote:
         | The requisite XKCD: https://xkcd.com/893/
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | So if I'm reading that right, we're well above the 95th
           | percentile...
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | There are only 4 alive who have walked on the moon, so
             | right about at the 95th percentile.
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | Do these things just come to him in his dreams? Maybe his
           | Fiance who passed is sending him info beyond the grave...
           | 
           | Never fails to impress...
           | 
           | However, would you think the term "another world" == the
           | Moon? Isnt the Moon intrinsically a part of _this_ world?
           | 
           | Another Globe would be more accurate.
        
             | natebc wrote:
             | FWIW his fiancee was diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer,
             | they married a few months later and AFAICT is still on a
             | Lane(1) going forward.
             | 
             | 1) https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/931:_Lanes
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | At the very least, we have https://www.explainxkcd.com/wi
               | ki/index.php/2386:_Ten_Years
        
             | cgriswald wrote:
             | I don't believe I have seen anyone use "world" to also
             | include the Moon. Do you have an example?
             | 
             | Generally moons are not considered part of the same "world"
             | as their planets:
             | 
             | "All these worlds are yours except Europa."
        
         | japhyr wrote:
         | For anyone interested in the story of the astronauts who went
         | to the moon, Moondust is a great read. In the early 2000s (if I
         | remember right), the author traveled around the world to visit
         | each of the living men who had set foot on the moon. He asks
         | them about their experiences, both on the moon and in the time
         | since the moon missions ended. Some of them treat him like any
         | interviewer, but toward the end as they realize he has actually
         | connected all of their stories once again, they share a bit
         | more than what comes out in typical interviews.
         | 
         | It's a wonderful blending of life in the world at that time,
         | the story of our collective quest to reach the moon, and the
         | individual stories of humans who actually went there.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Moondust-Search-Men-Fell-Earth/dp/006...
        
           | philomath_mn wrote:
           | Great recommendation!
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I read that one and it was excellent.
           | 
           | The author talks also about the times, the era of the moon
           | landings -- and he had an interesting aside in the book that
           | stuck with me about Elvis Presley (of all people):
           | 
           | ---- snip ----
           | 
           | Always Elvis-sceptic, I once asked the photographer Alfred
           | Wertheimer, one of the last to be allowed real access to the
           | singer, why the girls in the crowd were crying--whether the
           | tears were part of an act. He told me:
           | 
           | "Well, I think it was the fact that we'd been through this
           | rigid Eisenhower era. Everything was cutsie-pie crinoline
           | skirts and 'How Much Is That Doggy in the Window?'; the girls
           | knew their place and they weren't women's libbers yet;
           | everything was very tightly organized. Then along comes a guy
           | like Elvis ... he'd go onstage into a darkened auditorium,
           | where there would be maybe 4,000 people -- mostly young
           | ladies, a few boys and then a few police, who were there just
           | to make sure nothing 'dirty' was happening. From the very
           | start, Elvis is focused on the girls and they're in love with
           | his hair and the way he curls his lip. And he talks to them
           | and then he begins to sing and he lets it all hang out. His
           | hair, which was immaculate, starts coming down and the sweat
           | comes down--and do you think he stops to mop his brow or
           | sweep his hair back up? No. He gets down on his knees, then
           | gets back up: he is so revealing, so unconscious of his own
           | body movements that all of a sudden the girls look at each
           | other, after all the years of holding everything in, and they
           | cry.
           | 
           | "They're not putting it on the way you'd see girls doing in
           | later years: they're not screaming or jumping up and down,
           | just holding each other and crying."
           | 
           | ---- snip ----
        
       | TMWNN wrote:
       | Stafford had an interesting career. Having flown twice on Gemini
       | then commanding Apollo 10, he would have had first pick for
       | commanding a lunar landing (probably Apollo 16, which his 10
       | crewmate Young commanded) had he wanted it. But Stafford was very
       | much a test pilot, so it's understandable that he would be more
       | interested in the novelty of Apollo-Soyuz and its androgynous
       | docking mechanism, as opposed to doing something he'd already
       | done 80% of and others had done 100% of.
       | 
       | I think he's also the first general officer from the NASA
       | astronaut corps.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > I think he's also the first general officer from the NASA
         | astronaut corps.
         | 
         | Apparently he was made a 1* (Brigadier General) to have similar
         | rank with Alexei Leonov, the Soviet commander of the Apollo-
         | Soyuz mission. After that mission he continued to be promoted
         | up through the ranks.
        
           | TMWNN wrote:
           | Stafford's first star might have been a little early because
           | of Apollo-Soyuz, but given that he was the first in his Naval
           | Academy class to receive first, second, and third stars, I am
           | sure he would have made general officer regardless.
           | 
           | Making flag rank pulled Stafford away from NASA. Not that he
           | would not have wanted to make flag rank, but becoming a
           | general meant that he had to accept command
           | responsibilities.[1] After Apollo-Soyuz Stafford went from
           | NASA to being in charge of the entire USAF air test program,
           | including his former test pilot school, so very much in his
           | wheelhouse. But that also meant that he would not fly the
           | space shuttle. I think Young made the opposite decision:
           | Retire from the Navy as captain, stay with NASA as civilian
           | astronaut, and fly the shuttle (the first mission, STS-1, and
           | a later one).
           | 
           | There was a severe shortage of experienced astronauts in the
           | late 1970s and early 1980s, <https://np.reddit.com/r/nasa/com
           | ments/nx4hh4/who_would_have_...> and NASA would have loved to
           | have Stafford still in the astronaut corps. I bet Stafford in
           | turn envied both Young and Joe Engle; the latter flew the
           | shuttle on the pre-launch ALT tests, then used his X-15
           | experience to hand fly a hypersonic reentry on STS-2. Really,
           | the _ne plus ultra_ of test piloting.
           | 
           | [1] Another example of this is Bob Stewart.
           | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L._Stewart>
        
       | usr1106 wrote:
       | Is this the reason HN has a darker background today?
       | 
       | (Well, haven't used this phone for while to read HN but I am
       | pretty sure something looks different.)
        
       | SpaceFarmer wrote:
       | When I was a sophomore in college and working an internship, I
       | met a guy down the street who said he used to work for NASA. I
       | was very interested in what he had done at NASA, and space in
       | general. The next time I ran into him he gave me two photos,
       | autographed to me by Thomas Stafford! One is him standing in
       | front of the Saturn V, and the other is the picture of earth he
       | took while flying around the moon. I was so blown away! They are
       | hanging on my wall right now. Really meant a lot to me. The guy
       | that gave me the photos and now Tom aren't alive anymore, but
       | I'll treasure these photos and pass them to my kids.
        
       | engineer_22 wrote:
       | May his legacy be long remembered...
       | 
       | There are relatively very few Astronauts living among us, and we
       | celebrate them (rightly so, they're the best of the best). But
       | with the closely followed developments in the commercial space
       | sector, how many astronauts will we need in the coming decades?
       | Will there be 10x, or 100x astronauts? Are there estimates?
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | I think its still not well described how much commercial
         | activity nasa is planning for on the moon. I think its a little
         | bit abhorrent because now we will have a precedent to exploit
         | newly explored planets or moons for private profits. Hopefully
         | we won't be able to see the strip mines from earth.
        
           | engineer_22 wrote:
           | That gives a whole new meaning to NIMBY.
           | 
           | I guess if the strip mines are on the dark side, it would be
           | acceptable?
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | Not in my solar system I guess! To me it just seems a bit
             | backwards to what these scientific efforts are supposed to
             | be about. Are we trying to understand more about the
             | universe in a publicly available manner, or are we simply
             | trying to create a revenue stream for private stakeholders?
             | I am continually disappointed how policy writers in recent
             | years seem to hold for profit stakeholders at even parity
             | or even a superior consideration than the public
             | stakeholders when it comes time to make plans on natural
             | resources that really shouldn't be unilaterally exploited
             | by anyone.
        
       | _xerces_ wrote:
       | It seems a lot of astronauts, at least the early ones live long
       | lives. I wonder if it was because the selection process weeded
       | out anyone with any sort of health condition and anyone who was
       | not at peak physical fitness.
        
         | 93po wrote:
         | It's people with very good baseline health, a lot of discipline
         | in general to help maintain their health, decent enough
         | privilege to lead easy/comfortable/healthy lives and
         | retirements, and probably really good social lives. All things
         | that help ensure long, healthy lives
        
       | ricksunny wrote:
       | From the article:
       | 
       | 'Stafford's Air Force duties not only had him run the military's
       | top flight school and experimental plane testing base, but he was
       | commanding general of Area 51. A biography from his museum said,
       | that while Stafford was in charge of Area 51 and later as the
       | development and acquisition chief at the Pentagon he "wrote the
       | specs and established the program that led to the development of
       | the F-117 Stealth Fighter, and later, the B-2 Stealth Bomber." '
       | 
       | Ah.
        
       | digger495 wrote:
       | His namesake museum is the best attraction in Oklahoma. Get up
       | close and personal with a real Apollo control panel.
        
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