[HN Gopher] Operations begin to de-ice Euclid's vision
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       Operations begin to de-ice Euclid's vision
        
       Author : N19PEDL2
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2024-03-19 10:48 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.esa.int)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.esa.int)
        
       | Loughla wrote:
       | Is there not a way to control moisture during assembly? If there
       | is, and they did. What amount of moisture are we talking about to
       | cause this issue?
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | Well, the deposition is estimated as just a few nanometres
         | thick so were talking about something like a grain sand crushed
         | to a fine powder, and then a few grains of that...
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | Still, I would've thought they'd do a very long vacuum bake-
           | out stage before sealing up the satellite inside the launch
           | rocket.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | It's not going to be in a vacuum inside the payload shroud.
             | There's air, and that air contains some amount of moisture.
             | And Florida isn't known for its dry air (it was launched
             | from Cape on a Falcon 9 - but French Guiana would hardly
             | have been better in that respect).
             | 
             | > It was always expected that water could gradually build
             | up and contaminate Euclid's vision, as it is very difficult
             | to build and launch a spacecraft from Earth without some of
             | the water in our planet's atmosphere creeping into it.
        
               | nick238 wrote:
               | Satellites are transported in very specialized containers
               | that will often be purged with dry nitrogen. Then after
               | encapsulation in the faring, conditioned air of whatever
               | sort is pumped into the faring from rollout to launch.
               | [Example air conditioning duct attached to a Thor-Agena](
               | https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/39440/why-use-
               | an-a...)
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | Can ice sublimate at these temperatures?
        
             | SiempreViernes wrote:
             | They did:
             | 
             | > This icing issue is not uncommon, and, as a result, part
             | of the telescope's commissioning phase included an
             | "outgassing campaign." This process involved Euclid turning
             | to face the Sun for a total of 96 hours. This process was
             | implemented specifically to reduce the risk of ice build-up
             | after the agency's Gaia mission faced a similar issue.
             | 
             | Apparently, it wasn't as effective as they hoped.
        
         | seszett wrote:
         | They say _Approximately 10 kg of MLI covers Euclid 's two
         | science instruments, but this material can absorb 1% of its own
         | weight in water_ so at most 100 grams of water.
         | 
         | Assuming they were careful, maybe a tenth of that remains, so
         | around 10 grams of water, a small fraction of which sublimates
         | and eventually meets a mirror and deposits there. They say it's
         | "several layers of molecules".
         | 
         | I suppose they could have used another type of insulation, but
         | since they also have very precise temperature requirements,
         | maybe it was a trade off they had to make.
        
       | pmontra wrote:
       | 500 Internal Server Error, so
       | https://archive.is/20240319115956/https://europeanspacefligh...
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > 500 Internal Server Error
         | 
         | Firefox gives a SSL_ERROR_NO_CYPHER_OVERLAP (can't vet cert
         | data).
         | 
         | Cert _is_ good.
         | https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=europeanspace...
        
           | pmontra wrote:
           | My Firefox doesn't complain both on Linux (123) and on
           | Android (latest Nightly)
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | The primary source is this ESA story and it's much better:
       | 
       | https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid...
       | 
       | The current OP is just a summary of this one.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | >It was always expected that water could gradually build up and
         | contaminate Euclid's vision, as it is very difficult to build
         | and launch a spacecraft from Earth without some of the water in
         | our planet's atmosphere creeping into it.
         | 
         | If they expect moisture, perhaps final assembly could be done
         | in the Atacama?
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | Still need to launch from either Guyana or Florida though, so
           | that doesn't solve anything unless you do the integration
           | with the final stage in the Atacama and ship the entire
           | assembled rocket somewhere.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | I wonder if this is actually a good application for orbital
             | manufacturing.
             | 
             | Kidding. Kinda...
        
             | perihelions wrote:
             | You could do a Starship* hop from Chile to Guyana, and
             | there transfer it to the ESA's launch vehicle.
             | 
             | *(Meaning the upper stage by itself, once it has lunar
             | lander legs).
        
               | throwway120385 wrote:
               | Are you saying ESA should have waited for this to be
               | technically possible? Or that it is technically possible
               | now and ESA should have looked in to this option?
        
               | perihelions wrote:
               | It's a speculative, blue-sky idea--as is the context
               | discussion that's proposing to assemble space satellites
               | in a remote desert for optimization reasons.
               | 
               | It's not technically implausible. Starship (upper-stage
               | only) in principle has a very long hop range--it's almost
               | an SSTO by itself [0]. In principle it could also support
               | landing on non-spaceport facilities like deserts--after
               | all it's explicitly designed for landing on the moon, in
               | accordance with the NASA Artemis contract. Would SpaceX
               | be thinking about trying long-range hops on Earth, as a
               | testing mechanism? I'm not sure it'd be completely crazy
               | to consider that.
               | 
               | Musk has extensively talked about the concept of Starship
               | (full stack) as city-to-city passenger transport [1].
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-stage-to-
               | orbit#Starship
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/29/16383048/elon-
               | musk-spacex...
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | I read the quote and wondered, well, that's sort of a weird
           | thing to mess up; if it was always expected then why didn't
           | they take care of it?
           | 
           | It in case anyone else is wondering--it sounds like it is a
           | very thin layer of water
           | 
           | > A few layers of water ice - the width of a strand of DNA
           | 
           | Sounds like they made it about as dry as possible.
        
       | weebull wrote:
       | It's a problem they planned for.
        
       | 7thaccount wrote:
       | Sometimes I'm upset that we don't have flying cars or warp drives
       | yet, but then I think of the sheer engineering challenges in
       | something as mundane seeming as this and can be proud again of
       | humanity. I don't know how they ever manage to get these kinds of
       | projects right. The JWST was a pretty crazy feat as well.
        
         | DemocracyFTW2 wrote:
         | > can be proud again of [del]humanity[/del][ins]humidity[/ins]
         | 
         | I fixed that for ya.
         | 
         | Genuinely my first reading
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | Yeah, those damned science fiction shows make it all look too
         | easy...
        
           | 7thaccount wrote:
           | You can fix most problems by inverting the field polarity ;)
        
             | the_sleaze9 wrote:
             | Enhance!
        
         | hartator wrote:
         | 1.4 billion euros over budget, 12 years in, and they still
         | can't make it work. I am not sure if I am super proud of this.
         | 
         | Science experiments should have some accountability as well.
        
           | snakeyjake wrote:
           | I cut cost overruns for things like this some slack because I
           | know, irrefutably, that anyone who thinks they can estimate a
           | budget for a one-of-one, never-been-done-before, object like
           | Euclid is a liar.
           | 
           | I know all about the techniques. I've been in the meetings.
           | I've seen the spreadsheets. Your parametric cost model is
           | adorable.
           | 
           | But at the end of the day, you're just lying with math.
           | 
           | And if you have to lie a little bit to get a space telescope
           | built... no sweat.
        
           | n4r9 wrote:
           | 1.4 billion appears to be the total cost: https://www.esa.int
           | /ESA_Multimedia/Images/2023/05/Euclid_an_...
           | 
           | Budget back in 2012 was 600 million:
           | https://cerncourier.com/a/euclid-to-link-the-largest-and-
           | sma...
           | 
           | I don't know how badly inflation hits these projects, but
           | that's around 820 million in today's money, which means
           | roughly 580 million over budget. And I've no doubt that 600
           | million was only floated around in the first place to satisfy
           | a bureaucratic manager who imagines that putting a number
           | next to everything makes things efficient.
        
             | throwway120385 wrote:
             | Some of this stuff is a gas, and as we know, gases at low
             | temperature or high pressure tend to condense into a
             | liquid. While gases can be compressed into a small space,
             | liquids tend to quite violently exceed the confines of
             | their container.
        
           | petschge wrote:
           | That's what? Fourteen F-35s? Shared by all of Europe. Or in
           | other words 30 cents per European for each of 6 years.
           | Science is much cheaper than you think. And much cheaper than
           | not doing it.
        
       | munchler wrote:
       | How do other telescopes avoid/deal with this problem? I don't
       | recall the James Webb telescope having a similar issue, for
       | example.
        
         | frederikvs wrote:
         | I would expect James Webb has the same issue, and similar ways
         | of dealing with it. It's just that it never hits the press,
         | since it's a normal part of operations.
         | 
         | I'm not sure why Euclid's icing issue is getting some attention
         | now, from the ESA article this was expected. Maybe it's just
         | that it's slightly worse than anticipated, and they're changing
         | their way of dealing with it?
        
         | Laremere wrote:
         | James Webb underwent a very specific cool down procedure. It
         | included a phase where everything but the instruments were
         | cooled down first, so that water from elsewhere in the
         | spacecraft didn't stick to the instruments.
         | 
         | Moving a bit into speculation territory, I can make a more
         | specific guess. The article for Euclid specifically mentions
         | insulation as the source of the water. It appears that the
         | water in the other components were properly accounted for in
         | Euclid's cool down procedure. For Euclid, insulation directly
         | surrounds the telescope portion. James Webb is build different.
         | There's insulation on the solar panel side, but the giant heat
         | shield is between that and the mirrors and sensors. I don't
         | think there is any insulation on the mirror and sensor side,
         | because besides the sun there's no significant sources of heat
         | where James Webb is.
        
       | MeteorMarc wrote:
       | Why don't they have some strong IR source that can selectively
       | heat the water molecules and zap them into space?
        
       | MeteorMarc wrote:
       | Why dont they have some IR source that can selectively heat the
       | water molecules and zip them into space?
        
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