[HN Gopher] 2600.network Dialup Service
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       2600.network Dialup Service
        
       Author : classichasclass
       Score  : 261 points
       Date   : 2024-03-17 19:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (2600.network)
 (TXT) w3m dump (2600.network)
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | Sweet, I've been looking for one of these to test CSD calls out
       | for the first time in like 20 years before GSM gets shut down on
       | T-Mobile. There was one other service in Vancouver that probably
       | shut down last year but I'm not sure data calls work
       | internationally.
       | 
       | EDIT: This is that service if you are a Canadian that wants to
       | try it, https://www2.vcn.bc.ca/free-internet-access-via-dial-up/
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Could you theoretically use an analog modem (or worst case an
         | acoustic coupler) over IMS (VoLTE etc., which should all have
         | at least some QoS), or are the jitter rates and codecs too bad
         | for that (like they often are for Fax over VoIP on fixed
         | lines)?
         | 
         | I wonder if some of the networks that are continuing to offer
         | GSM (usually via some core network emulations, as far as I
         | understand, to make it more compatible with modern core
         | networks) have already broken CSD for similar reasons.
        
           | joecool1029 wrote:
           | Theoretically, maybe. If you got a good 'HD voice' (higher
           | bitrate EVS codec) call, it's possible you could negotiate
           | and send a slower fax signal. No way on a full-rate or half-
           | rate GSM codec or amr-nb though, just doesn't have the
           | bandwidth, chops too much.
           | 
           | Even back in the early 2000's when I was using free nights
           | and weekends with my T68i to make calls to a free dialup
           | provider in new england (9600baud yea), my call would still
           | drop every hour or so just due to signal hiccups.
           | 
           | (T-Mobile never enabled HS-CSD for 28.8kbps using more
           | timeslots and it's unlikely my current rate plan will allow
           | for CSD calls, but it doesn't mean I won't try, I still have
           | an old sim card able to be used in 2G only phones, including
           | that very same t68i which I tested last summer, still works.)
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | I thought VoIP codecs all chopped the frequencies that
             | seems like it would be very detrimental to a data signal.
             | Is the "HD" quality high enough for that, or was the analog
             | data signal not as full frequency as I'm thinking they
             | would be?
        
               | wolrah wrote:
               | Most internet-based VoIP services (read: full telephone
               | providers, not just chat providers) use the same exact
               | G.711 codecs used in the digital portions of traditional
               | telephone lines for normal calls.
               | 
               | In theory you can run anything over this that could run
               | over a long distance PSTN link.
               | 
               | In practice most modem technologies do not handle jitter
               | and packet loss well at all, and quirks which a human
               | would not even notice will trip up a data call. It still
               | works, I have clients running credit card machines on
               | VoIP lines all day, but the longer the call and the
               | higher the bandwidth the more likely something is to go
               | wrong. A short 9600bps data exchange from a card machine
               | is a lot easier than a 30 page 33.6k fax which is a lot
               | easier than a 56k modem on a PC.
               | 
               | There's a special method called T.38 that allows VoIP
               | providers with compatible endpoints to convert digital
               | fax calls back to a data stream instead of audio which
               | makes it a lot more tolerant of delay and jitter as well
               | as slightly more tolerant of loss. Something similar
               | could hypothetically be done for data modems but I
               | haven't seen it.
        
               | AvocadoPanic wrote:
               | v.150.1
        
               | throwaway67743 wrote:
               | You want 722 really, one of the choices for "HD voice",
               | it mangles it much less than even 711
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | No, unlike G.711, G.722 is lossily compressed using
               | psychoacoustic concepts, and modems wouldn't know what to
               | do with the extra acoustic frequencies anyway.
               | 
               | G.722 might sound better to humans, but G.711 is
               | definitely better for modems since it's effectively just
               | uncompressed PCM (disregarding a bit of dynamic range
               | compression which modems are generally fine with).
        
               | throwaway67743 wrote:
               | It is compressed, yes, but at higher bitrates it is
               | actually usable for modems/faxes, you're limited to low
               | baud rates anyway due to jitter and sample intervals. But
               | really the benefit is 16k sampling rate instead of 8, I'm
               | not saying it's great but it's the best we've got.
               | 
               | It would be possible to mask this with a relatively
               | simple FXS device to hide all of this and pretend it's a
               | modem while packetising the actual data, but I guess the
               | demand is almost zero so why bother.
               | 
               | I've been looking for a solution for many years to retain
               | dialin services without having racks full of modems and
               | trunks that are rapidly going out of fashion and at some
               | point will not be available except via IP (and now we
               | have the same problem at both ends), but they just don't
               | exist.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | > really the benefit is 16k sampling rate instead of 8
               | 
               | Regular modems can't make use of that, since the actual
               | phone lines they were designed for (whether analog or
               | digital via G.711) didn't support more than 300-3400 kHz
               | anyway, so anything beyond 8 kHz sampling (corresponding
               | to a Nyquist frequency of 4 kHz) is wasted on them.
               | 
               | Maybe you could go crazy with a custom modem that knows
               | how to exploit the additional high-frequency components
               | of G.722 while dealing with the lossy/psychoacoustic
               | compression across all bands, but I doubt it would yield
               | any improvement over G.711:
               | 
               | > It is compressed, yes, but at higher bitrates it is
               | actually usable for modems/faxes
               | 
               | No, they're both exactly 64 kbps (after
               | compression/"compression"), so you wouldn't be able to
               | fit any more signal in it from an information theoretical
               | point of view.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Lots of people say faxing over VoIP just won't work, but
               | at least for faxes with only a few pages and having a
               | decent internet connection I've had excellent results.
               | 
               | I had a project using hylafax with about a dozen USB fax
               | modems hooked up to a SIP gateway, connecting through a
               | VPN back to the office where the PBX was and then out to
               | our SIP trunk provider on G.711. It sent _a lot_ of 2-10
               | page faxes. The system sent over a million faxes over its
               | life, and excluding one receiver that tended to
               | constantly have problems no matter what had an  >95%
               | success rate.
        
               | lxgr wrote:
               | It really mostly comes down to jitter. On a low-jitter,
               | low-packet-loss path and/or using large receive buffers
               | (which adds delay, but that doesn't matter at all for
               | faxes) fax is very possible.
        
             | porkbeer wrote:
             | Ive gotten 2400 and occasionally 9600 over audio voip.
             | Ymmv.
        
             | joecool1029 wrote:
             | So I looked into it (too late for me to edit), if you have
             | a government account it might be possible to add CSDOPTION
             | to your account for $9.99/mo. It's highly unlikely though,
             | I found the old and current price schedules and this was
             | removed from it.
             | 
             | Old gov contract expired 2022: https://www.gsaadvantage.gov
             | /ref_text/GS35F0503M/0VX37Z.3RNG... (search for CSD, it's
             | there)
             | 
             | New gov contract in effect (no CSD): https://www.gsaadvanta
             | ge.gov/ref_text/47QTCA22D008N/0YTCAI.3...
             | 
             | EDIT: I tried to CSD dialup using my K850i which can handle
             | my new and older SIM cards, no good. Simple Choice plans
             | are way too new for this (the old plan I had in the early-
             | mid 2000's was the Get More one)
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | We still have 2G on all carriers in Russia with no plans to
           | shut it down (no plans to introduce 5G either though). But
           | I'm not sure there are any operational dial-up providers left
           | I could test CSD with. But I am now curious to test it.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | How well can digital phone lines carry dial-up connections? It
       | was an issue in the early days of digital lines - same as with
       | fax. For fax we got v.34 and other improvements. IDK about dialup
       | tho.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | If you can run g.711 for your codec, things should work ok,
         | depending on your jitter... g.711 is the digital calling code
         | from 1972 that telcos used for T1/E1. On voip, it's packetized
         | into 20ms bursts rather than multiplexed one sample at a time.
         | 
         | If you use one of the newer predictive voice codecs, expect a
         | lot less success, but maybe moving to older/slower modem speeds
         | will help.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | Early digital lines were purely circuit switched and didn't add
         | any jitter (unlike modern VoIP based "lines"), so there
         | shouldn't have been any problems running analog or digital fax
         | over these.
         | 
         | V.34 was mostly a speed improvement, as far as I remember, no?
        
           | devkit1 wrote:
           | I think WarOnPrivacy was thinking of the T.38 standard. Once
           | T.38 gained enough adoption in the various providers fax over
           | IP became far more reliable.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.38
           | 
           | edit: That is I assume that they meant VoIP when they say
           | digital phone lines. Fax over digital ISDN lines has been
           | reliable since its inception as far as I am aware.
        
         | FrankPetrilli wrote:
         | Quite well. I wrote a blog post about this a few years back:
         | https://frank.petril.li/posts/dialup-adventures-1/
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | If you have an ATA like a Cisco SPA122 , Linksys or Polycom
         | 302, then you should be able to get between 2400 and 14,400
         | baud speeds; you will have to try different speeds.
         | 
         | Faxes routinely get 9600 and 14,400 speeds over these ATAs; it
         | helps a great deal if your coded is G711 which is an
         | uncompressed codec (it is u-law PCM in the USA; PCM is just
         | like the bits recorded on a music CD, but at a much lower
         | bitrate).
        
       | kingforaday wrote:
       | Projects like this warm my heart. There is a level of detail to
       | appreciate on the capture of 2600, the POTS regional numbers
       | ending in 2600, and BBS xfers.
       | 
       | Kudos to the owner, founder, and maintainers. You embody the
       | spirit of 2600!
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | FYI - 2600 Hz is a common handshake tone used in telco.
       | 
       | Hence why "2600" is referenced.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2600_hertz
        
         | 0xEF wrote:
         | Lots of fun history around 2600Hz for those too young to
         | remember or not part of the phreaking crowd, a fairly extinct
         | form of hacker these days.
         | 
         | A phreaker going by Joybubbles was the first to exploit the
         | tone by whistling. Later, a toy whistle in a cereal box was
         | found to be able to produce the tone, leading to further
         | exploit by John Draper, aka, Cap'n Crunch.
         | 
         | You can 3D print the whistle these days for a bit of nostalgia.
         | 
         | https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2630646
        
           | plapsley wrote:
           | Shameless plug for my book on the history of the subject, for
           | those interested: https://explodingthephone.com/
        
             | chris0x00 wrote:
             | I enjoyed your book
        
               | plapsley wrote:
               | Thanks!
        
             | kQq9oHeAz6wLLS wrote:
             | I, too, enjoyed your book. Everyone go buy it, it's good.
        
               | plapsley wrote:
               | Thank you, appreciate the plug! :-)
        
             | endgame wrote:
             | Not surprised at all to see the author on here. Your book
             | is marvelous. I demolished your book on a flight a few
             | years back, thoroughly enjoyed it, and was sad that it was
             | all over so quickly (both the book, and the phreaking era).
             | It has a permanent home on my shelf next to "The Cuckoo's
             | Egg" as one of my favourite old tech storybooks and I
             | recommend it to anyone vaguely interested in the subject.
        
               | plapsley wrote:
               | Thanks for the kind words, they mean a lot!
        
             | peterleiser wrote:
             | Nice! I just ordered a copy and can't wait to read it!
             | Getting Steve Wozniak to write the forward is quite
             | literally a "ringing" endorsement. ;-)
             | 
             | Woz spoke at UC Berkeley (might have been 1998
             | commencement), and I asked him to sign an issue of 2600
             | magazine. After he signed it he flipped through it and
             | asked if 2600 was still good and worth reading because he
             | was thinking of getting a subscription for his son.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | I was going to suggest this book as well, but no need if
             | you're here doing it. Just a quick thanks for the book!
             | I've read it multiple times whenever I feel nostalgic, and
             | recommend when the subject comes up. I've even gifted a few
             | copies.
        
               | plapsley wrote:
               | Thank you!
        
             | 0xEF wrote:
             | Hey, I notice you sell via a variety of sources. Which one
             | ensures you the most ROI? I've always been curious, and
             | like supporting others, but I worry that there's so many
             | hands between you and your customer that by the time it the
             | money reaches you, there is not much left.
        
               | plapsley wrote:
               | That's a very kind question, thanks! In terms of what I
               | get in the end, it doesn't really matter where you buy it
               | (e.g., Amazon, local bookstore, whatever), although I'd
               | love it if you supported your local bookstore -- they
               | need help! Format matters a bit more in terms of royalty
               | percentage (I get a higher percentage on ebooks)but
               | ebooks also are priced lower, so the net to me between
               | paperback and ebook is not much different.
        
             | theryan wrote:
             | Just a heads up, the Amazon link from your site lands on
             | the hardcopy version which there are only used copies of.
        
               | plapsley wrote:
               | Thanks for the heads up! I'll attend to that!
        
           | 462436347 wrote:
           | > A phreaker going by Joybubbles was the first to exploit the
           | tone by whistling.
           | 
           | Joybubbles (formerly Joe Engressia) specifically denied being
           | the first. In this interview (no timestamp), he mentions
           | having heard of others phreaking as far back as the 50s: http
           | s://www.2600.com/offthehook/mp3files/1991/off_the_hook__...
           | 
           | He also demonstrates whistling 2600hz during that interview,
           | including doing so on one of the only US trunks in service at
           | the time still using it for supervision.
           | 
           | > Later, a toy whistle in a cereal box was found to be able
           | to produce the tone, leading to further exploit by John
           | Draper, aka, Cap'n Crunch.
           | 
           | Not true, even he admitted, belatedly, that Denny Teresi
           | introduced him to it:
           | 
           | > https://www.dailydot.com/debug/john-draper-beyond-the-
           | little...
           | 
           | > Denny called me and told me about this whistle that blew
           | the magic tone that disconnects long distance phone calls,
           | and that he had a spare. He asked me if I could drive him to
           | San Francisco so he could show me how it worked.
        
             | washadjeffmad wrote:
             | Thanks. I was in Team Virus and later Team Phreak, and we
             | had plenty of people coming to tell their stories of being
             | either Draper or the first to discover red/blue boxing
             | after we put out NPA-NXX. A lot of absolute nonesense, but
             | tons of fun while it lasted.
        
               | peterleiser wrote:
               | Oh, to live again in 1995! The year of peak payphone and
               | working red boxes. It was glorious, but sadly lives on
               | only in our memories:
               | https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/pay-phones-coming-
               | back...
               | 
               | "The stark shift happened fast; in 1995, the number of
               | pay phones in the U.S. peaked at 2.6 million, Slate
               | reported in 2022. In less than three decades, that's
               | dwindled to fewer than 100,000."
        
             | 0xEF wrote:
             | Thank you for the corrections! Looks like I have to revisit
             | some history. I never did make it that far back in the Off
             | The Hook archives, despite being a 2600 subscriber for
             | about the last decade. Hacking history is nothing short of
             | muddy waters hiding all sorts of interesting things.
             | 
             | I was born in the very late 1970's, so I had the pleasure
             | of trying to build my own Blue Box just as payphones were
             | starting to see their death in the early 1990's. It was my
             | first real attempt to be part of a group I felt I belonged
             | with; the hackers. I grew up with the verbal history I
             | mentioned, which as you pointed out is factually incorrect,
             | but I cannot deny the power that mythos had over my
             | thinking for the last few decades.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | > for those too young to remember or not part of the
           | phreaking crowd
           | 
           | Always important to remember that the telecom revolution was
           | underway in 1890, let alone 1990. I still think the telephone
           | system trumps the Internet in terms of revolutionary impact
           | on society.
        
         | 462436347 wrote:
         | > FYI - 2600 Hz is a common handshake tone used in telco.
         | 
         |  _Was_ a common supervision tone used by the NA toll network
         | prior to the introduction of SS7. Also practically everyone
         | here knows (or ought to) that already, given that Jobs and Woz
         | dabbled in making Blue Boxes for profit, and Blue Boxes
         | produced 2600hz (along with the set of MF tones used to encode
         | numbers). The fact you posted your redundant FYI with a mobile
         | wikipedia link (phoneposting) is even more egregious.
        
         | riddley wrote:
         | Is this where the name of the zine came from, I guess?
        
           | djbusby wrote:
           | Yep. See also Captain Crunch
        
           | peterleiser wrote:
           | Yes. Details under "Publication History":
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2600:_The_Hacker_Quarterly
           | 
           | And "Blue Boxes" exploited the 2600Hz signal to make free
           | phone calls, explained here under "Operation":
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_box
           | 
           | Steve Wozniak built Blue Boxes and Steve Jobs sold them:
           | https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/blue-box-designed-
           | an...
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | I've wondered if the Atari 2600 was named such in reference to
         | that, and online searches seem to confirm that it was.
        
         | coin wrote:
         | > 2600 Hz is a common handshake tone used in telco
         | 
         | WAS not IS. It was phased out sometime in the 80s.
        
           | op00to wrote:
           | I remember messing with a self-made blue box at my school's
           | pay phone in the early 90s, mystifying and amazing my nerdy
           | friends. That fun ended when the phone company visited the
           | school, and it was blantantly obvious who was the culprit in
           | the rash of telephone billing crimes committed from a single
           | pay phone, only after 3pm. No charges pressed, but I had to
           | promise some dude in a suit I had learned my lesson. I
           | hadn't.
        
         | devjab wrote:
         | It was also the inspirational name behind a multitude of
         | "hacker" (really more like tinker) communities back around the
         | millennium. I'm not sure where these went, maybe they were
         | killed by social media, but there used to be a lot of 2600
         | named tinker group for technology "nerds" here in Scandinavia.
         | I guess what happened was the same thing which happened for me,
         | people got older and stopped "hanging-out", but I wonder where
         | younger technology "nerds" go today. I think that it's really
         | interesting that the whole, very anarchistic mentality, which
         | later spawned things like Anonymous doesn't seem to have caught
         | on with the younger generations even though they are even more
         | oppressed and left behind by the current western economies and
         | governments than my "generation" was. Most of it is still run
         | by the people from that period who are now all 40+.
         | 
         | Anyway, I assume these as well as the tone are also a strong
         | inspiration for the name.
        
           | thelittleone wrote:
           | Was certainly around before the millenium, approximately '94
           | on #efnet.
        
         | aequitas wrote:
         | 2600:: is also an easy to remember IPv6 address for a ping
         | connectivity check, it reverses to www.sprint.net, part of
         | cogent now.
        
         | sonicanatidae wrote:
         | It was used to signal the status of Trunk lines, specifically
         | if they were in use or open/available. By blowing a 2600 tone
         | at the right time, you could seize the trunk and reroute the
         | call.
         | 
         | I miss those days. Crawling in dumpsters at the local CO,
         | staying up until 5a, on a school night, because you'd just
         | discovered something really, really cool.
        
       | oldstrangers wrote:
       | Dial ups, war dialing, and telnet were peak internet as a child.
        
         | washadjeffmad wrote:
         | Orinoco Gold! I switched to passive Atheros when they ended up
         | in netbooks, but I probably still have my scancat equipment
         | somewhere.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | G3 MacBook Pro clamshell, Orinoco Gold PCMCIA expansion card,
           | an external cable connected to a threaded rod in a Pringles
           | can. Gotta love the old farts strolling down memory lane with
           | back in the day stories.
        
           | crtasm wrote:
           | Wifi was somewhat later but yes, also lots of fun things to
           | explore!
        
             | opello wrote:
             | I'm assuming the Orinoco Gold goes to "war driving" more
             | than "war dialing."
             | 
             | And agreed, many hours spent dialing and driving around
             | with friends, laptops, serial cables attached to GPS
             | devices, and wifi antennas.
        
       | Solvency wrote:
       | So how do I realistically access this with a modern laptop and
       | zero ancient modems left to my name.
        
         | SuperNinKenDo wrote:
         | You could possibly use tethering to your mobile phone in some
         | way, although I'm unsure, I'm just throwing an idea out there.
        
           | tjohns wrote:
           | Cellular compression will not play nicely with analog modems.
           | (Or any lossy compression, really - this is why you have to
           | use lossless G.711 to have any hope of this working on VoIP.)
           | 
           | Back in the days of 2G cellular, GSM had an option to have
           | your cell phone digitally connect to an analog modem in the
           | cell tower, and have the tower place an analog modem call on
           | your behalf. (Very similar to how T.38 works for faxes in the
           | VoIP world.) You'd then connect your cell phone to your
           | laptop over RS-232, IrDA, or Bluetooth. It was called CSD
           | ("circuit-switched data), and used 1x voice channel for 9600
           | bps, or 4x voice channels for 56 kbps. Needless to say your
           | cell carrier charged quite a bit for using this capability.
           | 
           | I don't know if there's any cell carriers left that still
           | offer CSD calls.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | I doubt any modern smartphone supports CSD even if you had
             | a carrier that supported it. You'd need either an old
             | feature-phone or 3G dongle (something that exposes a serial
             | port).
        
         | palmfacehn wrote:
         | https://stirfriedpixels.wordpress.com/2014/11/07/on-homemade...
        
         | Klonoar wrote:
         | I mean, the site itself notes:
         | 
         |  _> Don 't want to pay for a landline? No worries! You don't
         | have to! Using an Analog Telephone Adapter, you can dial in to
         | 2600.network. The ATA will give you analog service from a SIP
         | VoIP provider._
         | 
         | So presumably, acquire an adapter and hook it up to some VoIP
         | setup?
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | That solves the no phone line problem, not the no modem
           | problem
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | This predates me by at least a decade. How do you use the "BBS"?
       | So once you dial in, it uses IVR to read and write messages?
       | 
       | Sounds painful to me once you have more than a dozen active users
        
         | pokot0 wrote:
         | It's just text interface like running a program on a terminal,
         | just the program runs on the remote computer. Much like a
         | telnet session, with some primitives to transfer files.
        
         | porkbeer wrote:
         | Typically BBS's were single user systems, although many
         | multiuser systems existed too.
        
         | Delk wrote:
         | All the data is digital (in case of BBS, mostly text, although
         | file transfers are also possible). The analogue phone line is
         | only used for transmitting digital data over the analogue
         | medium. The dial-up modem converts the digital data to an
         | analogue voice signal at the transmitting end and back from
         | analogue to digital at the receiving end. (That's what a modem
         | is: a modulator-demodulator.)
         | 
         | So no, you don't interact with a BBS by speech.
        
         | op00to wrote:
         | google a "telnet BBS" and see for yourself. the experience is
         | the same, especially if you can set up a 1200 BPS serial
         | connection.
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | AIUI, I'm myself way below BBS age too, I believe you sign in
         | to a shell program to someone else's *nix box that offers BBS
         | features. The shell that spawns at the remote side is a
         | stripped down ncurses program rather than being /bin/bash.
         | 
         | The program allows narrow range of actions such as `ls
         | /var/bbs/threads/`, `cat /var/bbs/threads/$1`, or `cat | sed -e
         | s/^/\n$(whoami),$(date)\twrote:/ >> /var/bbs/threads/$1.txt`.
         | The grumpy neckbeards with accounts on the remote system would
         | have extensive secret sauce for `/usr/bin/expect` that can
         | aggregate changes for each file so they can catch up to the
         | latest flamewars happening there, while it wouldn't be a
         | requirement to be explained how far away you are on spectrum,
         | or something along that.
         | 
         | idk. More than happy to be corrected.
        
       | IgorPartola wrote:
       | So a decade and a half ago there used to be the Google Search
       | Appliance (no idea if it still exists). It was essentially a
       | black (actually yellow) box with some Google magic inside that
       | let you have Google search on premises and for local documents
       | you didn't want leaving your data center back when people still
       | had their own data centers.
       | 
       | One problem with this premise was that when the appliance was not
       | working how it was supposed to, you couldn't just log into it to
       | fix it because the Google magic was secret. You needed one of
       | their engineers to access it and figure out what's wrong, but the
       | wrinkle was that every appliance was installed in a different
       | environment and almost certainly behind a firewall that was not
       | easy to open for this process. So to bypass it Google did a very
       | clever thing and added a dial up modem to the appliance. That way
       | you could just go down to the rack, physically connect it to a
       | phone line, and put it into a diagnostic mode where it would dial
       | out to Google to start the remote session. No firewall rules, no
       | unintentional leakage, no accidental logins from who knows where.
        
         | jojobas wrote:
         | >No firewall rules, no unintentional leakage, no accidental
         | logins
         | 
         | No guarantee that the box won't poke for ways to break out
         | either, or was there a pinky promise? I guess it was somewhat
         | easy to disguise it, the search box is supposed to constantly
         | poke around and index things, right?
        
           | solatic wrote:
           | My understanding of what the parent wrote is the phone line
           | would be disconnected in the normal case - can't break out if
           | it's physically disconnected.
        
             | riobard wrote:
             | I wonder... wouldn't a physically disconnected ethernet
             | cable work as well?
        
               | anonair wrote:
               | That design probably has more with phone network
               | penetration rather than corporate firewalls. The most
               | likely use case for on prem Google would be far away
               | sites with no connectivity except a phone line
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | We used it for intranet documents but I suppose it had
               | multiple uses.
        
             | jojobas wrote:
             | The phone line is disconnected, but maybe some other link
             | isn't. I mean it would be an extremely cool hack but I
             | wouldn't be super-surprised to learn that google deployed
             | some sort of exfiltration search technology in these boxes.
        
           | mananaysiempre wrote:
           | > [A] search box is supposed to constantly poke around and
           | index things, right?
           | 
           | Amusingly enough, that was Snowden's approach, at least they
           | way he tells it.
        
         | Cacti wrote:
         | Corporate datacenters are still quite common.
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | Indeed. People thinking otherwise live in quite the news
           | bubble.
        
         | punnerud wrote:
         | Image of the box: https://www.wired.com/2012/10/google-search-
         | appliance/
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | I remember interviewing for Google circa 2010 and they asked me
         | to present on "How does Google make money?". At the time I went
         | with "well aside from ads you have this funky search appliance"
         | and I hoped that they'd find more non-ad ways to make money.
         | They didn't hire me, but it seemed like a neat device.
        
         | postexitus wrote:
         | Erm - so as soon as it dials out, it could give a non-
         | firewalled access to LAN, no? Maybe they also disconnected
         | ethernet while connecting the phone cable, but not sure how
         | effective they can diagnose a problem without the network in
         | place.
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | POTS is/was a requirement for remote/out of band access to AT&T
         | network gear as well. I did run into a funny thing when they
         | started to migrate T1/PRI's to fiber. They still insisted that
         | they needed a dedicated POTS line but converted the underlying
         | copper circuits to a single fiber circuit. I was able to work
         | around this with a phone line adapter but if the underlying
         | fiber circuit was down they would be screwed.
        
         | threeio wrote:
         | I had one of those boxes, worked for a company that ran news
         | and magazine publishing sites and we pushed all the data to
         | them as opposed to rewriting our search on the sites.. they
         | were pretty decent and seemed to also help our page rankings on
         | the mothersite ;)
        
         | supriyo-biswas wrote:
         | This isn't as uncommon as you'd think. AWS's storage gateway,
         | which is a caching NFS layer over S3, has a diagnostic mode
         | which starts a reverse shell over 22/tcp.
        
         | masto wrote:
         | Sometime around 1999/2000ish, I built a sort of distributed
         | database application. Early web app days, Perl and PostgreSQL
         | on FreeBSD, and almost no JavaScript. It was for fairly
         | sensitive data that the users were a bit squirrely about
         | sharing, so the idea was that you stored all of the bits you
         | owned on your local node, and you could send a remote query to
         | the whole network and each node would execute it, notify the
         | local owner of the data "hey, Sally wants a copy of this
         | record", and they could choose whether or not to send it back.
         | 
         | Some of these installations were located in the middle of
         | nowhere, and in those days we couldn't count on Internet access
         | of any kind. But the company happened to also own a dial-up
         | ISP... so I came up with a system, which I'm kind of proud of
         | even though it was quick a hack. We ended up piggybacking the
         | whole thing on dial-up e-mail using GPG-encrypted attachments.
         | A couple of times a day, each node would call into the ISP and
         | do a standard POP3 and SMTP routine, processing incoming
         | requests and dropping off outgoing ones. Because it wasn't
         | important for it to be real-time, we made the whole thing work
         | asynchronously with the customer only having to supply a phone
         | line.
        
           | phone8675309 wrote:
           | This feels like a perfect application for UUCP / NNCP.
        
         | ebiester wrote:
         | Dial up as a part of an appliance was a fairly established
         | pattern. I remember working with IBM in 2007 and they had a
         | tool for a fair number of products that was just about dialing
         | in to a terminal. However, I don't think it dialed back to IBM
         | - people just used the terminal over dialup.
        
       | throwawy6153 wrote:
       | This is fantastic!
       | 
       | I recently stumbled upon a now ancient publication called 2600:
       | The Hacker Quarterly. I enjoy print and it is right up my alley.
       | It contains many neat topics and I figure this is a good post to
       | plug it (not affiliated, just love their minimalist design and
       | ethos). Definitely worth a read, it covers so many neat topics
       | from phreaking to neat BASH scripts.
        
         | hereonout2 wrote:
         | An absolutely fantastic publication, nice to see it still
         | going.
         | 
         | If you can find it there's a 1000 page hardback compendium of
         | some of the best articles available too.
        
         | elliottcarlson wrote:
         | You should also check out Phrack Magazine (an online
         | distributed ezine that is still active, albeit with years
         | between issues - they also have a 2024 call for writers
         | though!) at phrack.org
         | 
         | Another older print publication was Blacklisted! 411, very
         | similar format to 2600. I attended some meetups from both of
         | these back in the day.
        
           | plapsley wrote:
           | If you want something really ancient, check out YIPL/TAP,
           | which was the first phone phreak newsletter (started
           | publishing in May 1971) that was the granddaddy of 2600. You
           | can get it on the Internet Archive:
           | https://archive.org/details/YIPLTAP_1-91
        
       | underlines wrote:
       | For reference, 2600 is a famous phreaking and hacking e-zine from
       | the earlier days. The name 2600 itself is a reference to the
       | 2600hz frequency used in Phone phreaking.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2600:_The_Hacker_Quarterly
        
         | Rayston wrote:
         | Just to clarify, they are from the early days, but they are
         | also from the now days. They are still publishing. A link to
         | their official site is in the above Wikipedia article.
        
           | sonicanatidae wrote:
           | They are, but sadly, blowing a 2600 down the line these days
           | just gives someone in the CO a chuckle when they read the
           | logs, a week later.
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | What is the significance of 2600 in networking?
       | 
       | There is a really hold hacker magazine at 2600.com, 2600 series
       | routers from Cisco, AT&Ts IPv6 starts with 2600, according to the
       | comments a standard tone used in dialing, and so on.
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | 2600 Hz was a frequency used as a control tone by the old
         | telephone switches.
         | 
         | Basically the old telephone switches would communicate with
         | each other by sending different frequency tones or tone pairs
         | to execute different commands, and 2600 Hz was the tone send to
         | indicate that a call had ended. 2600 Hz was the first of these
         | control frequencies discovered by phone phreaks back in the day
         | and kicked off the whole phreaking scene, and so 2600 became a
         | shorthand for phone phreaking
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | More specifically, local phone lines are full electric
           | circuits from you to whichever piece of equipment you're
           | currently talking to (connected via relays through many other
           | pieces that you've finished talking to). That equipment knows
           | you're still on the phone because current is still flowing
           | through the circuit, regardless of the audio signal.
           | 
           | But for long-distance, to get the most calls out of the
           | fewest wires, they used frequency multiplexing, with no
           | steady current flow. Instead, unused frequency carriers
           | carried a steady 2600Hz tone, which meant the circuit wasn't
           | connected. One end detected the lack of current flow in its
           | local circuit and added 2600Hz; the other end detected 2600Hz
           | and interrupted its circuit. (These frequency-division
           | systems interfaced as local phone lines at both ends). I'm
           | not sure how this worked bi-directionally.
           | 
           | So by sending a 2600Hz tone, your frequency multiplexer would
           | still remain connected, but the other end's frequency
           | demultiplexer would think it had disconnected. When you stop
           | sending 2600Hz, it thinks a new connection is getting set up
           | through the same channel (i.e. HTTP request smuggling), and
           | interprets whatever it receives as the setup instructions for
           | the next connection. So you send 2600 Hz, then you send the
           | super-secret MF-tone encoding of the phone number you want it
           | to connect you to, or you send some super-duper-secret
           | encoding that you normally couldn't dial on your phone. Input
           | sanitization and translation is done in the exchange your
           | phone directly connects to, not in the core of the system, so
           | now that you are talking to the core, you can pass it
           | unsanitized input (i.e. server-side request forgery) - there
           | are no buffer overflows or CSRF, but you can call things that
           | your exchange doesn't give you a way to access, such as
           | internal departments of the phone company that are meant to
           | be called by operators for assistance on complex requests,
           | various test signals, and numbers that are only meant to be
           | dialable locally, such as the operator in that exchange.
           | 
           | I highly recommend checking out https://evan-
           | doorbell.com/group-1-playlist/ which hosts podcasts of an
           | actual past phone phreaker explaining all of this _with
           | actual recordings of the phone system from back then_
           | highlighting all the dial tones, conversations with
           | operators, internal machinery working noises and so on.
           | 
           | (Networks still work this way, by the way, just with better
           | filtering. If you could somehow get packets into the middle
           | of your ISP's network, you could send them to all sorts of
           | places you can't send them to from your end of the
           | connection.)
        
         | jsjohnst wrote:
         | The old school phone network used in-band signaling for call
         | setup/control. If you made long distance calls pre-90s you
         | might remember tones after the call started connecting as an
         | example. One of the most significant frequencies in that
         | control setup was 2600hz (which disconnected the call in
         | progress and left you with an open tandem trunk, giving full
         | access to call routing functionality), made infamous by Blue
         | Boxes, Captain Crunch, and the magazine of the same name.
        
       | op00to wrote:
       | Has anyone played with "D-Modem" [1]
       | 
       | "D-Modem replaces a softmodem's physical hardware with a SIP
       | stack. Instead of passing audio to and from the software DSP over
       | an analog phone line, audio travels via the RTP (or SRTP) media
       | streams of a SIP VoIP call." [2]
       | 
       | Seems pretty cool.
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/AonCyberLabs/D-Modem?tab=readme-ov-file
       | [2] https://www.aon.com/cyber-
       | solutions/aon_cyber_labs/introduci...
        
       | lol_catz wrote:
       | no V.150.1 support?
        
       | Rayston wrote:
       | C*Net is a site that might be interest to you as well. They do a
       | lot of interesting things with PBXs and Asterisk and Telephones
       | in general.
       | 
       | https://www.ckts.info/
        
       | fnord77 wrote:
       | does POTS still exist? Aren't all land lines VOIP now?
        
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