[HN Gopher] Superiority (1951)
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       Superiority (1951)
        
       Author : rgrieselhuber
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2024-03-17 19:09 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (metallicman.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (metallicman.com)
        
       | Khelavaster wrote:
       | An excellent classic
        
       | sorokod wrote:
       | A contemporary echo to that story: "US Navy Procurement Disasters
       | - The Littoral Combat Ship and Zumwalt Class Destroyer"
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odS3Kn5oGl0
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Looking at Clarke's Wikipedia article
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke
         | 
         | > During the Second World War from 1941 to 1946, he served in
         | the Royal Air Force as a radar specialist and was involved in
         | the early-warning radar defence system, which contributed to
         | the RAF's success during the Battle of Britain. Clarke spent
         | most of his wartime service working on ground-controlled
         | approach (GCA) radar
         | 
         | > Although GCA did not see much practical use during the war,
         | after several years of development it proved vital to the
         | Berlin Airlift of 1948-1949.
         | 
         | I think he must have had some pretty good first-hand experience
         | WRT deploying new tech during a war!
         | 
         | The US also famously had the whole Mark-14 torpedo fiasco, the
         | torpedo issue in the story is not quite similar but there might
         | be an echo.
        
       | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
       | spooky
        
       | mitchbob wrote:
       | (1951)
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20230217152507/https://metallicm...
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | The problem is always expectation, anticipation and experience.
       | 
       | With any new technology we expect certain performance - we get
       | this from the "The Economist effect" - where the simple one
       | paragraph explanation of a complex field enables us to have a
       | grasp on a concept but not the full difficulties.
       | 
       | So we expect the nuclear missile to hit its target whereas the
       | thing about nukes is they were designed to be used despite being
       | horribly inaccurate.
       | 
       | Anticipation is time bounded - we get depressed when the thing we
       | expect is not done today - we can imagine it so why can't we have
       | it. This is the problem behind all crunch development times, all
       | VC funded CEO replacements and every lying progress report ever.
       | 
       | And experience is what tells us where we really are - it is
       | looking at a Trident missile spiralling round in front page
       | photos and saying ... what have we missed.
       | 
       | Weapons operate always at the frontier of what is possible.
       | Nuclear weapons probably are not really there - we can fly the
       | prototype over unchallenged airspace but launching rockets is
       | hard.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | The problem is always hubris, which leads to a distorted
         | conceit of "progress" which can actually be regressive.
         | 
         | Whether it's weapons or civilian technology like smartphones,
         | automobiles, or a "cashless society" we know there are side
         | effects, and unknowns. But we choose to focus on only the rosy,
         | optimistic side.
         | 
         | For most of us that is pandering to laziness, convenience, low-
         | effort and less thinking. For those involved in making money,
         | the negatives are far away in space and time, so they can
         | always kick the can down the road.
         | 
         | This is how supremacy becomes weakness.
         | 
         | Money buys a louder voice and drowns out cautious minds with
         | better vision of the long-term future and marginal scenarios.
         | They are Cassandras. Luddites.
         | 
         | Those with experience are dismissed as old and irrelevant.
         | 
         | Hubris leads to absolute dependency and complacency.
         | 
         | In a long enough time-line we'll always encounter an accident
         | or enemy using older "low-tech". The greatest threat to our
         | security is always our own hubris. Sadly I see buckets of it
         | here on HN.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | I have a very simple theory about this -
           | 
           | If we assume the 80/20 rule to hold about most things in
           | world (80% profits from 20% customers, 80% of benefits to
           | society from 20% workers), then we can assume the same 80/20
           | rule applies to the bits left over - ie the remining 20% of
           | profits will have 80% of those generated by 20% of the left
           | over 80% of customers)
           | 
           | Roughly speaking then 96% of all good stuff comes from 36% of
           | stuff we do
           | 
           | We could say then that if we could find the 2/3 of useless
           | activity that only generates 4% of good stuff we can for
           | example cut carbon emissions by 2/3 - and only need to lose
           | the crappy plastic toys on front of magazines, or most
           | peoples commutes or ...
           | 
           | What I think I am saying is that 2/3 of the jobs people do
           | are useless - and yet in any organisation they are the
           | majority and hence bend the organisation
           | 
           | Don't worry dear reader I am sure like me you are one of the
           | non useless ones ... like me , like me
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | You and I, we've gone through the same thought process and,
             | sadly, where it ended up for me was;
             | 
             | Golgafrinchans [0]
             | 
             | Now if we could only work out what that useless third is.
             | ?!
             | 
             | But there's always the finite risk that plastic landfill
             | fodder and chindogu attached to kids magazines _is_ the
             | essential saving grace of humanity.
             | 
             | :)
             | 
             | [0] https://hitchhikers.fandom.com/wiki/Golgafrinchans
        
         | CapitalistCartr wrote:
         | I think your premise is sound, but your example is unfortunate.
         | SLBMs are less accurate, but still much better than "horribly
         | inaccurate". And American ICBMs started out with poor accuracy,
         | but are now quite accurate(1), and were by the 1970s. If you're
         | standing in the target building, you are already dead.
         | 
         | (1)I'm being a bit coy here because during Uncle Ronnie's
         | administration, I had a job and security clearance involving
         | this.
        
           | lifeisstillgood wrote:
           | The thing is, well there are lots of things and I do t mean
           | to impune your work some forty years ago but
           | 
           | 1. We have learnt not to trust untested equipment
           | 
           | 2. We have learnt that under pressure well meaning people
           | will demonstrate equipment that while kind of representative
           | of the reality are honed, improved and generously helped to
           | perform well on test
           | 
           | 3. Only repeatable performance under active competition is a
           | real measure. It's why sane people like open well designed
           | markets. And it's why weapons that get battle tested tend to
           | be reliable
           | 
           | I am sure that overall if we read the red button nukes will
           | fire and land and kill millions.
           | 
           | It's just the day after I expect that the auditors will find
           | a large number failed to fire, or failed to leave the tube,
           | went the wrong way or simply otherwise went wrong
           | 
           | The point of credible threat is not one shot one kill, but so
           | many shots we can basically guarantee a kill.
           | 
           | In other other words, both sides hold enormous number of
           | nukes ostensibly to ensure they have some to fire after a
           | first strike - but the effects of an enemy first strike are
           | indistinguishable from poor engineering and beauracracy
        
       | idiotsecant wrote:
       | Like all good scifi stories in general and ACC stories in
       | particular, this is a story about A which is actually a story
       | about B.
       | 
       | There is wisdom here that is directly applicable to the work of
       | the average HN denizen. Boring beats cool almost every time.
        
       | er4hn wrote:
       | It's incredible how Arthur C Clarke foresaw the downsides of full
       | codebase rewrites and putting all organizational weight behind
       | untested and cutting edge technologies all the way back in 1951.
       | Truly prescient sci-fi writing.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | It could be argued that German military technology in WW2
         | illustrated some of the same issues, and perhaps gave ACC the
         | idea. They had the V2, TV-guided missiles and operational jet
         | fighters, some of which had massive development / opportunity
         | costs, but none of which materially changed the outcome of the
         | war. The ME262 jet in particular had engines that only survived
         | a few flights because by then German industry couldn't access
         | the specialist metals required.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Not to mention their tanks, IIUC? Particularly the late-war
           | models. Very advanced, _very_ maintenance-intensive.
        
             | KineticLensman wrote:
             | Yes - the German armaments industry was very quick to
             | respond to emerging requirements, leading to a
             | proliferation of platforms and versions that were
             | logistically difficult to support, especially as the supply
             | chains were disrupted. Some mass-produced weapons (e.g. the
             | Panzerfaust) were widely distributed and well supported,
             | but the higher-tech ones weren't.
        
         | PaulKeeble wrote:
         | There are organisations that have been following the rewrite
         | strategy for 2 decades that are running 5 or more parallel
         | systems and teams all doing a lot of common things with each
         | with unique properties often in entirely different languages
         | and a lot of integration hell. They will quite happily be
         | starting a 6th such project rewrite this year to solve the
         | problem of the previous 5, this time surely it will work.
         | 
         | Another organisation I know of replaced its "old" .net desktop
         | client with a nice shiny Microsoft derived web solution using
         | some customised COTs and it would solve all their maintenance
         | issues. Sigh its a disaster as expected made all the worse
         | because they fired the developers before the switch was even
         | really done.
         | 
         | Over and over this mistake is made to rewrite and replace
         | instead of refactor on the assumption the old code is crufty
         | rather than battle hardened and that writing new code is easier
         | than editing old. Never do these organisations learn to develop
         | more maintenance friendly systems along the way.
        
       | lowbloodsugar wrote:
       | The flaw exhibited by the losing side was "retrofitting"
       | effective and functional ships in the middle of a war. A similar
       | attitude happens that I've seen countless times in live
       | applications where decisions were made to allow the existing
       | system to stagnate because a new shiny rewrite was going to come
       | online "by the end of the year". Four years later, the new system
       | isn't ready, and the "old" one (i.e. the one in production) is
       | hitting scaling cliffs because it wasn't kept up to date.
       | 
       | But I suspect this post was in response to the "it's obsolete"
       | comments on the F35 post earlier today, with lots of calls for
       | work on drones.
       | 
       | The warning in Clarke's story is not that we shouldn't build new
       | tech, however. We should absolutely build new tech, and have
       | skunk works and the like. But we shouldn't stop building the
       | existing tech as long as it is effective in battle. The concern
       | comes when we don't have the capacity to build "what's next"
       | because the most important piece is made in a little island off
       | the coast of another continent full of potential adversaries.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | Any way we go about it, the unfortunate fact is hindsight is
         | the only way to tell what the right choice was.
         | 
         | In some cases the old system is outclassed so badly attempting
         | to keep using it would be a fatal mistake (cavalry charges at
         | machine gun nests). Other times a new system can be way better,
         | but the rate of production is so far behind the old model you
         | can't make enough fast enough to make a difference. And then
         | other times the new systems have such terrible weaknesses they
         | can be a risk to the entire nation state.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | You don't stop an old system before proving the new one in
           | practice, and you don't disrupt logistic channels, ever.
           | 
           | Those don't take any hindsight.
        
       | iainmerrick wrote:
       | I've always loved how this bit of super-science is utterly
       | obsolete...
       | 
       |  _The Analyzer contained just short of a million vacuum tubes and
       | needed a team of five hundred technicians to maintain and operate
       | it_
       | 
       | ...and yet it in no way invalidates the point of the story, which
       | hits home just as hard as ever.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | I remember reading a saying that the Germans fought WW2 with the
       | weapons of the 1950s, while the Allies fought it with the weapons
       | of the 1930s. Guess who won.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | The Germans also used the most horses of all belligerents and
         | soldiers walked.
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | I'm surprised not to see any comments on Ukraine here yet.
       | 
       | USA and the west focussing on 'super weapons' like f22, f35,
       | super carriers etc etc. and Ukraine is losing the war because
       | they don't have enough bullets and mortars, and we don't have
       | enough factories to increase production.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Or because we don't give them F35s, long-range artillery and
         | 400 Abrams tanks. In Iraq 400 Abrams did a good job from what
         | I'm told.
        
           | rainworld wrote:
           | >In Iraq 400 Abrams did a good job
           | 
           | They were hardly threatened there. In Ukraine, they are
           | proving to be at least as vulnerable as any other tank.
           | 
           | https://x.com/squatsons/status/1769344446112711037
           | 
           | >we don't give them long-range artillery
           | 
           | They got plenty of that. As much as the West could spare and
           | then some. Some countries gave literally everything they had.
           | 
           | Ukrainians do lack barrels. Because they don't exist and
           | won't anytime soon.
           | 
           | >F-35
           | 
           | Hilarious.
        
           | jonplackett wrote:
           | In Iraq those tanks were already old and crucially didn't
           | have night vision so they just blew them up in the night.
           | 
           | We did give them long range missiles. And now quite a lot of
           | tanks. But - and this a has been admitted to by the pentagon
           | - they didn't think though or provide for servicing them. The
           | poor buggers have all these different western tanks with
           | parts that don't match. And the Abram's is powered literally
           | by a jet engine and needs constant servicing. It would be
           | hilarious if it wasn't so completely tragic.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Indeed. The support has been incredibly spotty and half-
             | assed throughout.
        
         | throwaway11460 wrote:
         | Ukraine would be in Moscow in 3 days if they had this
         | technology.
        
           | jonplackett wrote:
           | Even f16s are too fragile to give to ukraine. They can only
           | land on perfect runways because their engines are slung low.
           | 
           | Most of the modern USA weapons only work under condition of
           | being totally dominant and being able to have your supply
           | chain work perfectly. This story really is a very good
           | analogy.
           | 
           | One further point - and this is what makes this war even more
           | tragic - say Ukraine do get all the super weapons annd they
           | do work as expected, and are on their merry way to Moscow,
           | what would Russia do? Most likely their military doct9rine of
           | dropping some tactical or not-so-tactical nukes.
           | 
           | As Sean Bean knows, one does not simply invade a nuclear
           | power.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | It's a tough problem. It's not very palatable to just fold
             | either. The Russian government can always wave the nuke
             | card, it's not going away, but neither will their
             | ambitions.
        
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