[HN Gopher] Seeding steel frames brings destroyed coral reefs ba...
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       Seeding steel frames brings destroyed coral reefs back to life
        
       Author : westurner
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2024-03-17 15:42 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | > _Because this loose rubble is in constant motion, tumbling and
       | rolling around, coral larvae don't have enough time to grow
       | before they get squashed. So the first step to bringing damaged
       | reefs back to life was stabilizing the rubble. The people running
       | the MARS program did this using_ Reef Stars, hexagonal steel
       | structures coated with sand. _"These structures are connected
       | into networks and pinned to the seabed to reduce the movement of
       | the rubble," Lamont said._
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | surely there's no easily seen problems being ignored in the rush
       | to "do good" here.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne_Reef
       | 
       | steel and saltwater are kinda known to have problems
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | From "Tire dust makes up the majority of ocean microplastics"
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37726539&p=3#37728049 :
         | 
         | >> _Years of creating artificial reefs from old tires are
         | catching up._
         | 
         | > _People probably don 't even realize that_ most tires are
         | synthetic rubber and thus are also bad for the ocean _._
         | 
         | > _Is there a program to map the locations of old synthetic
         | tire reefs, and what is a suitable replacement for reef
         | reconstruction and regrowth?_
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | I really hate this kind of brainless driveby pessimism. Look up
         | the steel frames they're using; they're tiny. The amount of
         | steel being added to the ocean by this project is absolutely
         | inconsequential compared to the steel added by innumerable
         | other human activities. Even shipping containers falling off
         | ships dwarfs this project, let alone ships themselves sinking.
         | Furthermore, we have decades of experience that tells us that
         | corals and fish quite like steel shipwrecks, debris, etc.
         | What's more, the frames they're using demonstrably do work as
         | scaffolding for coral growth; it's not an untested idea.
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | the problems i allude to involve the steel no longer being
           | steel within a very short time after hitting the water. As
           | with the wiki reference, stuff you're expecting to pin
           | together with steel will likely not stay together.
           | 
           | It's not pessimism to say "this could be done better; we've
           | seen the methods being used _fail repeatedly before_ "
        
             | bigfudge wrote:
             | Presumably they don't have to be around for too long though
             | as they will be replaced by coral once their job is done?
             | Your comment did seem needlessly pessimistic to me, and was
             | absent any specialist knowledge of the engineering involved
             | in this project that might have justified it.
        
             | beeboobaa wrote:
             | How could it be done better?
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | The steel isn't structure, the coral is.
             | 
             | The steel is scaffolding.
        
             | pvaldes wrote:
             | It does not matter. Steel will rush and disappear in a few
             | decades, but its main purpose in the meanwhile is blocking
             | trawls and pirate fishing
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | Plankton growth is limited to iron availability. We've talked
           | about spraying rust on the ocean surface to drop global
           | temperatures.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | In addition to a few ill-considered projects to make reefs out
         | of used tires, many tens of thousands of steel-hulled ships
         | have been scuttled in tropical waters.
         | 
         | It's fine.
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | - "Playing sounds of healthy coral on reefs makes fish return"
       | (2019) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36450824#36465577 and
       | other Coral Restoration links
        
       | araes wrote:
       | Really expected a picture of the steel Reef Stars with the
       | article.
       | 
       | Found the site from the sponsors of the project. Bit of a
       | surprise, the Mars, is Mars Candy Bars (M&Ms, Snickers, ect...)
       | Also, a partnership over in Australia on the Great Barrier Reef
       | using the stars. (348 Reef Stars with 5,115 coral fragments of
       | opportunity) Both have fairly extensive pictures of the steel
       | frames coated with sand and the installation.
       | 
       | The main MARRS stats are: "30 sites across ten countries, 60,000
       | Reef Stars, planting 900,000+ living coral fragments."
       | 
       | Apparently started with "10 years in Sulawesi, Indonesia to
       | restore reefs damaged by dynamite fishing."
       | 
       | [1] https://www.mars.com/news-and-stories/articles/the-big-
       | build...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.gbrbiology.com/2022/04/08/mars-and-coral-
       | rubble-...
        
         | somishere wrote:
         | The company is using as a promotional tool for their cat food
         | brand and named the Indonesian site after the brand. I would
         | not say they are a particularly ecologically friendly brand.
         | 
         | While there is no doubt that stabilising rubble is an important
         | factor in reef recovery (especially where this is the primary
         | issue, such as in blast fishing sites), IMO this technology is
         | milkdrop in the universe stuff once you pull heating oceans
         | into the equation.
         | 
         | As an aside, the Great Barrier Reef is currently in the midst
         | of an unprecedented fifth mass coral bleaching event since
         | 2016.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | There's a Canadian guy who discovered back in the 1980's gentle
       | electrolysis can create artificial coral.
       | 
       | He was getting funding to try to raise an atol off Madagascar as
       | recently as ten (ed: twenty) years ago, shortly before he passed.
       | 
       | Someone more recently thought they found that electrical
       | potential attracts coral polyps, so perhaps the "electrolysis"
       | was less chemical and more biological.
       | 
       | When I hear about steel to creat coral I think of galvanic
       | action.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | It is interesting to think about how much could be done to
         | mitigate human impact on various ecosystems if we humans had an
         | improved grasp on animal senses. Recommendable: "An Immense
         | World" by Ed Yong
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Immense-World-Animal-Senses-Reveal/dp...
        
         | gs17 wrote:
         | >so perhaps the "electrolysis" was less chemical and more
         | biological.
         | 
         | According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorock it's
         | chemical:
         | 
         | > The chemical process that takes place on the cathode is as
         | follows: Calcium carbonate (aragonite) combines with magnesium,
         | chloride and hydroxyl ions to slowly accrete around the cathode
         | coating it with a thick layer of material similar in
         | composition to magnesium oxychloride cement. Over time cathodic
         | protection replaces the negative chloride ion (Cl-) with
         | dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3-) to harden the coating to a
         | hydromagnesite-aragonite mixture with gaseous oxygen evolving
         | through the porous structure.
         | 
         | But it does seem the process creates an environment that's very
         | beneficial for coral growth in general.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | That's what he claimed but I don't think he updated his
           | research. Which is why I said "more recently"
        
       | EnigmaFlare wrote:
       | I wonder if anyone could explain the reef-are-fine idea
       | (https://www.australianenvironment.org/gbr-report-2024) that
       | seems to contradict the climate-change -> bleaching -> no more
       | reefs idea. It looks like crackpottery and is promoted by one
       | former academic. But he was fired for talking about it so that
       | suggests the climate-change idea is politically enforced and thus
       | also untrustworthy. So is Peter Ridd wrong on something or are
       | they orthogonal issues or what?
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | To resume in a couple of paragraphs the outcome of a very
         | complex and chaotic system, concerning thousands of different
         | species is not realistic. Just assume that this is only a raw
         | simplification.
         | 
         | Bleaching is caused by more than one factor. Corals are an
         | antique, diverse and rich group of organisms and they know a
         | few tricks about survival for millions of years.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | 'But he was fired for talking about it' is a rather bold claim.
         | Many people get fired who didn't promote fringe ideas, but
         | claiming you got fired for exposing some big lie is great
         | publicity. I would suggest looking for evidence before assuming
         | someone is telling the truth when they say such things.
         | 
         | As to bleaching it's not an every year or every reef thing. The
         | general consensus in terms of recent events only 1998, 2002,
         | 2016, 2017, 2020, and 2022 had wide scale impacts and there's
         | quite a bit of recovery between those dates and many areas that
         | aren't impacted. However, more frequent bad years has impacts
         | not just on the ecosystem but also tourism. EX:
         | https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2017/04/10/2016-2017_gbrble...
        
           | somishere wrote:
           | Minor omission, but you missed 2024 from your list of mass
           | bleaching events. Though I guess it's too early for consensus
           | as to the scale of the impact.
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | Returning from French Polynesia it seems like coral engineering
       | has made a lot of progress in the last dozen years.
        
       | somishere wrote:
       | These rubble stabilisers solve _a_ legecy problem affecting coral
       | reefs, namely how to produce a solid substrate for coral to grow
       | on, at an infitessimilly small relative scale.
       | 
       | The problem is that they do little for _the_ problem affecting
       | coral reefs, namely warming waters and acidification.
       | 
       | They're equivalent to nail clippers for a person with cancer.
        
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       (page generated 2024-03-17 23:01 UTC)