[HN Gopher] Libraries struggle to afford e-books, seek new laws ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Libraries struggle to afford e-books, seek new laws in fight with
       publishers
        
       Author : notRobot
       Score  : 224 points
       Date   : 2024-03-16 07:47 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
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       | stop50 wrote:
       | In Germany the price is capped. Everyone has to sell a new book
       | at the price that was set by the author. This also applies to
       | libraries, for the usage libraries have to pay 3-4 cent per
       | lending to an organisation that distributes the money to the
       | authors(the organisation depends on tge type of the print)
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | That sounds like a price fix, not a cap?
        
           | gandalfian wrote:
           | Yeah he means fixed. It's a common way to stop bookshops
           | being squeezed out. They abolished it in the UK in the 90s
           | which combined with internet sellers emerging led to the odd
           | effect that book prices didn't really rise for 20 years.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | In the US, new books were mostly cover price until into
             | maybe the 90s? There were some exceptions. It wasn't
             | uncommon for larger stores to offer some bestsellers at
             | something like a 15% discount. It was sort of an innovation
             | when a large independent bookstore opened in Cambridge MA
             | and sold most or maybe all their books at a 15% discount.
             | 
             | There was also a larger set of fair trade laws in the US
             | because manufacturers didn't want their products to be
             | discounted which, among other things, probably got their
             | products on the shelves of small stores that perhaps
             | couldn't otherwise afford to carry them.
        
         | StefanBatory wrote:
         | They want to introduce that too in Poland and it's an awful
         | idea.
         | 
         | If you set a price that's obligatory to sell book for, it won't
         | become cheaper, it will go up.
         | 
         | And I just won't buy it. I see exactly zero reasons why I
         | should care for local bookshops. I'm not made out of money and
         | I won't buy stuff from them only to keep them alive.
        
           | StefanBatory wrote:
           | To clarify myself - for example, when new book releases, it
           | has suggested price of 60 zl.
           | 
           | Online I can get it for 40. In physical shop for 60; if it's
           | there. Because most likely it won't be. And I can't order,
           | none of the bookshops nearby do this.
           | 
           | Why should I be happy at unified price if all it means is
           | that I will pay 1/3 more?
        
       | bluish29 wrote:
       | The argument in publishing industry (about papers and textbooks)
       | is that if you cannot afford to buy/rent at the current market
       | value then you still can use a public/university library to get
       | it. This became actually more of a cliche than an argument over
       | time.
       | 
       | Now with a significant portion of textbooks (and books in
       | general) become mainly E-books, the industry limited library
       | capabilities and required pay per lend and restrict number of
       | simultaneous lends. For papers, many universities canceled access
       | contracts because it became too costly. Not to mention that
       | smaller universities couldn't afford most of these subscriptions
       | anyway.
       | 
       | Publishing industry really needs more regulation. Free market
       | hardly work there.
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | If I buy an ebook, can I give it "used" to a library? I would
         | like to, but I don't even know if that's a thing.
         | 
         | (Let's assume for the sake of the question that the book I buy
         | is also DRM free.)
        
           | jacoblambda wrote:
           | For textbooks? No. And nowadays a lot of them also expire
           | after a year since by then the student likely no longer needs
           | it.
           | 
           | It's a really gross industry
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | I would question that you don't need a university textbook
             | after a year. I can't say I remember specific examples but
             | I'm pretty sure I referred to earlier textbooks for later
             | engineering classes.
        
               | bluish29 wrote:
               | I still refer to my undergrad textbooks in maths and
               | physics till this day. There are usually the basics and
               | you need to review them a lot if you are working in STEM
               | fields.
        
           | harshreality wrote:
           | In theory, maybe. In practice, no.
           | 
           | In theory, a publisher could sell you an ebook, declare that
           | you own it and can transfer it (like a digital right of first
           | sale) as long as you don't keep a copy.
           | 
           | In practice, it would be a hassle for libraries to verify
           | that permission, so even if you had such a book, they might
           | say thanks but no thanks. Essentially all ebooks are sold
           | under license that each book is for your use only, and no
           | transfers are allowed. Because ebooks are licensed, and not
           | sold complete with a right of first sale, retailers can set
           | whatever conditions they want depending on who they sell to,
           | and the market can't arbitrage. That's why libraries have to
           | pay more for an ebook they're allowed to lend 10 times than
           | you have to pay for the same ebook on Amazon.
        
           | miah_ wrote:
           | Its very rare that "buying" a ebook results in you "owning"
           | the copy you bought, at best its a rental. A physical book
           | though, if you are holding it in your hands, you own it.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Yeah, surprised (not surprised?) to see the used-textbook
         | market seemingly gone now when I was recently visiting my
         | daughter at the University of Kansas.
         | 
         | It used to be a small industry that nonetheless allowed a brick
         | and mortar store to thrive as a secondary bookstore to the
         | university's student union. Never mind the savings for
         | students.
        
           | bluish29 wrote:
           | Even with paper textbooks, publishers will now provide online
           | assignments (which is convenient for universities) and other
           | online materials which you will not be able to sell (it will
           | expire) with the book. So they force students to buy new
           | textbook for each class.
        
             | samtho wrote:
             | This is classic rent seeking behavior. The more insidious
             | aspect is that this is foisted upon a captive audience of
             | kids/young adults that agreed to tens of thousands in non-
             | dischargable debt when they turned 18.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | The crazy thing to me is that for a lot of the classes that
             | use these online materials, nothing has changed in 50
             | years. 100-300 classes are largely the same as they were
             | before digital learning.
             | 
             | The problem from a broader point of view is a coordination
             | problem. The people making the buying decisions (professors
             | and departments) are not the people paying (the students).
             | I would wholeheartedly support legislation that forced
             | professors to pay the same textbook fees as their students,
             | and for departments to be required to cover the costs for
             | scholarship students.
             | 
             | I'll bet we would see a lot more schools opting into open
             | source textbooks and articles from the library if that were
             | the case.
        
               | bluish29 wrote:
               | > I would wholeheartedly support legislation that forced
               | professors to pay the same textbook fees as their
               | students, and for departments to be required to cover the
               | costs for scholarship students.
               | 
               | What will happen is that universities will pass these
               | costs to all students where now paying students will pay
               | more.
               | 
               | A better regulation will be encouraging and funding more
               | open access materials that can be used and require public
               | funding receivers to adopt them or decrease the funding
               | and cap the tuition increases.
        
           | beej71 wrote:
           | One of my students told me they all pirate textbooks. I
           | haven't been a student in a university for almost 30 years
           | but I remember what it was like. It was a scam back then.
           | 
           | When I was in college, the internet was relatively young, but
           | that didn't stop us from using it to cut out the bookstore
           | out as the middleman for reselling books. Our local test
           | Usenet group was where all the cool kids hung out and we used
           | that as a place to sell and trade used books for a fraction
           | the cost of the bookstore.
           | 
           | But that mechanism no longer works in the ebook era. So I'm
           | not surprised students found another way.
           | 
           | (Dad was a teacher, too, and he also couldn't bear forcing
           | his students to pay for new editions of a textbook. So he
           | wrote his own. Students could print copies at cost in the
           | print shop (pre-internet). I've continued the tradition of
           | writing my own books and putting them online for free for the
           | students. Greed over educational materials is a poor look.
           | Also, AI is coming.)
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | Is the state of open source textbooks that bad? I guess the
             | top link is a U of MN site, which is laudable and a Big10
             | school, but not exactly a banner carrier.
             | 
             | It saddens me that with github and the like, and the armies
             | of wikipedia entries, there aren't open source textbooks of
             | greater/higher quality than any of the publishers. I guess
             | biology and some sciences deviate a lot edition to edition,
             | but basic math? physics? chemistry? economics? history?
             | languages?
             | 
             | Of course institutes of higher learning have well exposed
             | themselves as being anything but in the last couple
             | decades. So it doesn't really surprise me. The entire "open
             | coursework" movement died quite quickly when the colleges
             | realized this might cut into their annual 10% hike to
             | tuition.
             | 
             | But like your father, I'm surprised some retired teachers
             | don't do this as a side project, or an emeritus professor,
             | or SOMEONE that wants to leave a legacy.
             | 
             | You could have a site that presents concepts in entirely
             | different fashions, so you could choose a path that suits
             | you, or if a particular concept didn't stick, have it
             | presented a different way.
             | 
             | State institutions in particular should be required to
             | produce and use open textbooks and courseware. Rile up some
             | republicans to make it contingent on getting their state
             | funding (they love doing that).
             | 
             | This is even more egregious since there is the entire
             | British Commonwealth of nations/english speakers and their
             | educational systems to leverage.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >The entire "open coursework" movement died quite quickly
               | when the colleges realized this might cut into their
               | annual 10% hike to tuition.
               | 
               | My sense is that there's quite a bit of "open coursework"
               | out there if you're talking about mostly raw materials.
               | 
               | If you're talking about MOOCs, universities started
               | pulling back after it became obvious that they had mostly
               | "not lived up to expectations." The combination of the
               | students most needing them largely lacking motivation,
               | the fact that credentials weren't generally viewed as
               | valuable, the lack of lab and tutorial resources, and VC-
               | companies pivoting are probably just the main factors.
        
               | gnicholas wrote:
               | Check out LibreText and OpenStax.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "Dad was a teacher, too, and he also couldn't bear forcing
             | his students to pay for new editions of a textbook. So he
             | wrote his own. Students could print copies at cost in the
             | print shop. I've continued the tradition of writing my own
             | books and putting them online for free for the students."
             | 
             | Thanks for that. My professors were in part like yours. But
             | some other professors (I think it was about MBA folks, not
             | IT people) apparently urge everyone to buy their really
             | expensive book. And if you did not, you would have no idea
             | about the weird case in chapter 2, he makes the exams about
             | ..
        
         | llm_trw wrote:
         | >Free market hardly work there.
         | 
         | You literally have a government granted monopoly on producing
         | books. How can you even bring in the free market into this?
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | I mean, the free market is working pretty well.
           | 
           | http://libgen.rs/
           | 
           | The government-granted monopoly, not so much.
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | > I mean, the free market is working pretty well.
             | 
             | > http://libgen.rs/
             | 
             | Exactly. What a lot of economists tend to "forget" is that
             | markets also include black/illegal markets and markets that
             | are hardly controllable by the government.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | Unfortunately many are misled to believe that pirating
               | books published by cartels is unethical.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | Please explain your alternative mechanism for
               | compensating the author for their work.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | I'm not proposing an alternative mechanism. I think
               | people who can comfortably afford to pay the asked price
               | for a book should of course do just that. On the other
               | hand, for the billions of those who do not have that
               | privilege, I wholeheartedly recommend piracy. It is of no
               | cost to the author/publisher (since they weren't going to
               | pay anyway) and of tremendous positive impact for
               | equality and social mobility for the community. In a
               | perfect world piracy would be an unfair and unnecessary
               | venture. In this one, for many people it is absolutely
               | justified.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > Unfortunately many are misled to believe that pirating
               | books published by cartels is unethical.
               | 
               | It's not a question of ethical vs unethical, but about
               | which evil you consider to be the worse.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | Yeah, I agree. I think it can be a case-by-case situation
               | depending on both the reader and the publishere/author.
               | An undergrad needing a course textbook that's published
               | by a monopolistic cartel with a 300% markup? Absolutely.
               | For well-paid worker in a developed country buying a
               | novel written by a niche author? probably not the right
               | thing to do.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | How is this a market if Boone is paying? If anything, this
             | is communism?
             | 
             | You can't even have a market of IP without government
             | granted ownership of IP.
             | 
             | This tired old trope that Government vs market doesn't work
             | here
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The bad communism is when the government takes your stuff
               | and you don't have it anymore. This is "communism" in the
               | same way that everyone being able to breathe the air or
               | speak English without paying a proprietor for the right
               | is "communism". This is often a motte and bailey that
               | communists use, but you're attacking the motte.
               | 
               | You're essentially arguing that there isn't a market for
               | air. But there is. This is the market served by
               | submarines and firefighting gear and spacecraft and HEPA
               | filters.
               | 
               | If no one had a monopoly over copies, you'd still have a
               | market to supply them, they'd just generally be really
               | cheap and the supplier would be someone like Cloudflare.
               | Likewise there would still be a market for creating
               | works, because people would pay for commissions. There
               | might not be as many of them, but there would still be a
               | market.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > You can't even have a market of IP without government
               | granted ownership of IP.
               | 
               | Sure you can. See Germany in the 19th century with no IP
               | protections. Business and prosperity boomed!
               | 
               | Consider also the incredible success of open source
               | software.
        
           | harvey9 wrote:
           | On producing specific books. Nothing to stop me writing a
           | novel with the same themes as yours has.
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | If one company has a monopoly on faucets, another has one
             | on pipes, another has one on valves, you're trying to argue
             | that there is plenty of competition for "plumbing supplies"
             | but that doesn't help you if you need a faucet and there's
             | only one supplier.
             | 
             | Notice how your argument, if true, would defeat the point
             | of the monopoly. If there were ten books that were all
             | fungible with one another then each of the suppliers would
             | want to lower prices to increase sales and you'd end up at
             | the marginal cost, which for digital products is zero. And
             | sometimes this even happens -- there is a lot of free-as-
             | in-beer software, free-with-ads news websites etc. But the
             | context of lending libraries is for when that _isn 't_ the
             | case. You don't need to get a copy of nginx from the local
             | library because you can get it for free from the authors.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | That's not how this marketplace works at all. A better
               | analogy is to say that BMW has a monopoly on making BMWs,
               | yet they are still forced to compete with Porsche, who
               | has their own monopoly on creating Porsches.
               | 
               | There's a two-sided marketplace for creative works, where
               | publishers need to get works from creators and license
               | them to customers. They want to maximize their own
               | profits, but they also need to make a certain amount
               | revenue as all methods of distribution have fixed costs.
        
               | llm_trw wrote:
               | Given that book prices are rising faster than _anything
               | else in the economy_ the market place isn't working at
               | all.
               | 
               | Let them eat competition.
        
         | snapplebobapple wrote:
         | Its actually an argument for less regulation. Its the
         | regulation causing the market failure. Cut copyright to a less
         | stupid number like what it was originally 14 years. Make
         | maintaining a copyright for those years contingent on having X
         | % of sales available for free in libraries. We are asking the
         | fundamentally wrong question with copyright, we should not be
         | maximizing monopoly for copyright owners, we should be
         | minimizing market disruption to get a chosen amount of extra
         | creative production
        
           | ses1984 wrote:
           | >Cut copyright to a less stupid number like what it was
           | originally 14 years. Make maintaining a copyright for those
           | years contingent on having X % of sales available for free in
           | libraries
           | 
           | I'm nitpicking but this isn't less regulation, it's different
           | regulation. Some would even say it's more. You're reducing a
           | number but adding complexity with the percent sales
           | requirement.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Plus, if you got rid of or reduced copyright, publishers
             | would just find other ways to engage in cartel-like
             | behavior and continue to screw everyone.
             | 
             | I can't think of any case where regulation/government was
             | _reduced_ and companies responded with something less
             | profitable for the company.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Airlines are often brought up as becoming cheaper with
               | less regulations.
               | 
               | While it was mostly manufacturers building more efficient
               | aircraft, people are generally willing to trade leg room
               | for a cheaper fair. That's exactly the kind of thing
               | regulators and the free market may come to a different
               | compromise. Worse, but cheaper is often quite appealing.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Anything else you've noticed the free market compromising
               | on re: air travel.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Quality generally with many manufactured goods. There are
               | health and safety regulations but if there were a
               | requirement for a 20-year warranty (which is about what
               | my Aeron chair has) both quality and prices would
               | probably increase significantly.
               | 
               | In the opposite direction, you're not actually allowed to
               | generally buy a car without modern safety features.
               | (Although automakers do make cars that are have higher or
               | lower safety ratings within the regulatory framework.)
               | 
               | A common thread is that when push comes to shove, a lot
               | of consumers will choose the lower price.
        
               | harvey9 wrote:
               | The straight-to-landfill consumer goods make me sad, but
               | I guess I can buy cheaper tires and only drive in ideal
               | conditions so there can be a place for middling quality.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Or tools for the occasional household use. You might not
               | want junk but that table saw you use maybe a handful of
               | times a year may not have to be as high-end as what a
               | carpenter might use most days.
        
               | thayne wrote:
               | Which would be fine if you could tell if you could
               | actually reliably find high quality products. But I'm
               | increasingly finding it difficult to distinguish between
               | paying more for quality and paying more for overpriced
               | junk.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The market in question was airlines. US airlines have
               | rather a lot of competitors:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_the_Uni
               | ted...
               | 
               | How many does Boeing have?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Luggage. Airlines make quite a bit hauling cargo on
               | passenger flights so they are essentially subsidizing
               | seats as long as people don't check bags and charging
               | inflated prices when they do.
               | 
               | Convenience especially in terms of number of flights.
               | This gets into a bunch of economic and logistical issues,
               | but airlines are happy to abandon less profitable areas.
               | While regulators want regular service even if the demand
               | isn't quite there
               | 
               | Service. The minimum number of attendants is based on
               | safety, airlines would happily cut those workers.
               | 
               | Safety.
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | How they respond depends on whether the regulation causes
               | or mitigates market power. for example,Something like
               | deregulating the last mile for internet is probably not
               | going to end well because the incumbents control that and
               | that is the mote that is expensive enough to recreate
               | that it causes monopoly. Copyright causes monopoly
               | because it stops marginal price being able to equal
               | marginal cost by allowing only one person the right to
               | provide the copyrighted thing. get rid of it and price
               | goes to zero pretty fast because cost of electronic
               | diatribution is near zero
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > I can't think of any case where regulation/government
               | was reduced and companies responded with something less
               | profitable for the company.
               | 
               | When the government deregulated air travel prices,
               | routes, and schedules.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | And if we're talking textbooks, I'm not sure what cutting
             | copyright to 14 years actually accomplishes. I'm also not
             | sure how you dole out X% of sales to libraries that might
             | be interested. Especially given libraries are often ill-
             | defined.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | I don't think anyone would really complain if such an act
               | assumed "libraries" == "public libraries", a very well
               | defined term that's already enshrined in federal
               | legislation.
        
             | shiandow wrote:
             | Fine, abolish copyright then, let's see what happens.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | We know what will happen. Germany had no copyright
               | protections in the 19th century. The country's economy
               | boomed, making Germany the industrial powerhouse of
               | Europe.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | Can you expand on this point? Having no copyright being a
               | leading cause of industrial expansion seems pretty
               | tenuous. Especially given that they now have copyright
               | and other countries also had booming economies at about
               | the same time.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The printers went looking for things to print, and they
               | printed anything and everything. The easiest way to get
               | material to print, besides copying other printers'
               | output, was to commission how-to manuals. Germany was
               | flooded with how-to informational manuals on every topic.
               | 
               | Much like the software industry. Free software runs the
               | world.
        
             | snapplebobapple wrote:
             | It is less regulation in that it gets the governmemt out of
             | interfering with the market outcome (marginal price of
             | dostribution is effectively zero so market outcome without
             | copyright is zero price electeonic diatribution). The
             | percentage sales requirement is just an easy way to force
             | intelligent behavior by copyright holders for public
             | libraries to lessen the market failure for the poors caused
             | by copyright. I am open to simpler ideas as long as the
             | outcome is copyright fuckery does not result in no
             | provision of knowledge for the poors and only extractive
             | pricing for a short time period that incentizes additional
             | content creation for the rest of us.
        
           | AnthonyMouse wrote:
           | What you really want here is for ebooks to be subject to
           | First Sale. In general "licensing" should be restricted to
           | the rights of the copyright holder, e.g. giving someone a
           | license to permanently increase the number of copies that
           | exist in the world, as when an author licenses a publisher.
           | If someone has bought a _copy_ , that should be theirs, they
           | should be free to transfer it to other devices and other
           | people as long as there continues to be only as many
           | permanent copies as they've purchased, and the copyright
           | holder can't impose any further restrictions on that,
           | essentially as an anti-trust anti-tying rule because
           | copyright is a monopoly.
           | 
           | Then libraries could buy physical or digital copies and do
           | the thing they've always done.
        
             | jzb wrote:
             | It doesn't really make sense to transfer the concept of
             | first sale to digital goods. Even assuming a scheme that
             | allows a library to fully control lending so that only one
             | copy is in use at a time, a digital copy is not going to
             | wear out. So publishers lose out on sales of popular titles
             | when a library would need to refresh a physical copy.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | It takes longer for a physical copy to wear out than
               | copyright terms should last to begin with. Also, you're
               | allowed to repair books -- because it's your book.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | I own multiple books that are over 100 years old. They
               | weren't even that expensive.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | If you're going to nitpick on this, fine... some research
               | can be done on the number of uses a book can go through
               | before it wears out and apply that to the e-book. It's
               | certainly more than 26 and absolutely more than 2 years
               | (how this 2 years condition is acceptable I'll never
               | know)
        
               | knome wrote:
               | Being free to share information is the natural state. The
               | copyright is an artificial restriction introduced to
               | allow authors to benefit from their works, and by proxy,
               | the publishers to whom they sell those rights. Perpetual
               | rent seeking is not now nor was it ever the purpose of
               | those laws. They certainly have nothing to do with some
               | sort of physical copy planned obsolescence system.
               | 
               | One of the best features of Valve's Steam platform is
               | exactly that it gives users the ability to perpetually
               | install the software they have purchased, even if the
               | publisher other removes it from the platform. If users
               | were allowed to resale their purchased games, it would be
               | nearly at full par with first sale doctrine.
               | 
               | Digital systems are a modern bypassing of such prior
               | conventions and laws, and it makes perfect sense to
               | extend them in that direction with time.
        
             | c0pium wrote:
             | What you're proposing would require a literal quantum shift
             | in DRM, where it's only possible to use a copy of something
             | if that thing hasn't been itself copied somewhere else.
             | That world would ironically unite the desires of
             | publishers, creators, and actual archivists, leaving only
             | the pirates out in the cold. Whoever figures out how to do
             | that is going to make a fortune.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | No you wouldn't. It's not about DRM, it's about the
               | contractual agreements between libraries and publishers.
               | They already track the number of times it's borrowed and
               | for how long. OP is suggesting that it should be dealt
               | with the same as a hard copy, i.e. only one person can
               | borrow it at a time.
        
               | c0pium wrote:
               | Proposing that any rights holder would accept a solution
               | where there is no technical control preventing arbitrary
               | copying is an extraordinary claim which requires
               | extraordinary evidence. I'm not saying it wouldn't be
               | cool, I'm saying it's never going to happen.
               | 
               | Secondly, you should reread their post, it's much broader
               | than your interpretation. They were envisioning a world
               | where the device and copying restrictions we have today
               | don't exist.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | I'm not sure we're on the same page. How do you think
               | libraries loan out ebooks, currently? DRM for this exact
               | functionality is already implemented by most publishers
        
               | elijaht wrote:
               | > that it should be dealt with the same as a hard copy,
               | i.e. only one person can borrow it at a time.
               | 
               | That's how it works in every library system I have dealt
               | with
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | Yeah same but as the article states, there are extra
               | terms in the agreement such as a maximum of 26 loans and
               | a two-year renewal, whichever comes first. And the ebook
               | is usually 4 times more expensive than the physical one
               | just for that period. It should be treated just like a
               | hard copy in all these manners.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | In a zero regulation world, you consider either that there's
           | no copyrights, or that copyrights have infinite length
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | > Now with a significant portion of textbooks (and books in
         | general) become mainly E-books
         | 
         | I don't know about textbooks, but the overall share of
         | publishing industry revenue that comes from ebooks is really
         | low. Something like 7%, and falling steadily. I had assumed it
         | was much larger.
         | 
         | https://wordsrated.com/ebooks-sales-statistics/
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | I've never actually heard that argument, must have been
         | invented by the highway robbery textbook market since I was in
         | college.
         | 
         | Piracy is seemingly the only bulwark against publisher abuses
         | functionally. With that horrid multi-century copyright ruling,
         | there won't be any free market in specific publications within
         | living human lifetimes.
         | 
         | Libraries don't have the political power to do anything. In the
         | video game space, piracy has been responsible for the only
         | preservation done, and arguably enabled the market for
         | remasters and releases on new platforms.
         | 
         | The ebook publishers will probably start encountering AI that
         | is way better at OCR and scan cleanup. Imagine an AI that you
         | simply run on a camera looking at a screen and you fast forward
         | through a book at 10 pages per second: the AI picks it all up,
         | scans it, possibly detecting layout and images.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | There are consumer-priced scanners that are already pretty
           | good at supporting de-warping and OCR. (Glossy pages work
           | less well.) I'm surprised I haven't seen a better iPhone app
           | --at least one without a subscription fee. But we're
           | definitely very close.
        
         | Vaslo wrote:
         | Free market works fine. You are welcome to write and release
         | any book you want at whatever cost you want. Authors require
         | lots of money, support costs to create, illustrate, bundle,
         | bind, and ship books. And they won't waste their time doing
         | that without a profit. Lots of people work for and support
         | those companies and it's getting more expensive as minimum
         | wages increase.
         | 
         | You are just reacting to this because "free for me". What
         | industry do you work in? I want to see you backpeddle or try
         | and explain in your response when I say the same about your
         | "product" needing regulation.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | Why do you bring up the authors like they're the primary ones
           | being harmed? Most aren't making money to begin with because
           | they get such a small piece of the pie. A typical contract
           | might see them get 20-40% of the cut if they do the
           | distribution and marketing themselves. The vast majority of
           | authors are _not_ professional writers as a result, it 's
           | just a side gig on top of other jobs. Authors also can't set
           | their own prices (publishers and marketplaces have a big say)
           | and depending on the terms, they may not get _any_ meaningful
           | royalties. This is common in academic publishing for example.
        
         | bsdpufferfish wrote:
         | > Free market hardly work there.
         | 
         | This is hardly a free market. Libraries receive a budget to
         | spend _ dollars on books every year. This entire publishing
         | industry exists to capture that cashflow, because consumers
         | aren't buying it with their own money.
         | 
         | The university version is more complex, but the bottom line is
         | you do not have consumers spending their money on products they
         | use.
        
         | 14 wrote:
         | For now I will teach my kids to pirate. Not the best solution
         | because honestly I did pirate when I was poor then honestly
         | tried to move away from those days and got a Netflix account
         | and Amazon prime account but the amazon movie site is just so
         | horrible. Every movie I click it wants me to buy or rent. I
         | never did figure out a way to filter those from not showing up
         | I don't know if that has changed but I ditched it. Then Netflix
         | disabled the account sharing and I argue I wasn't really
         | sharing I bought Netflix for my kids to use and I am divorced
         | so that means at 2 different locations. It worked for a bit but
         | now seems to detect the location change and I just said screw
         | it and canceled. It was much more convenient to just pirate
         | which was and still is so easy even my kids know how to find
         | the shows they want. And when they get to university I imagine
         | I will show them how to access text books and articles for
         | free. Sad state of affairs as I really do want to contribute my
         | fair share but not when it is pay hundreds of dollars for a new
         | revision of a text book that didn't add any new context but
         | simply rearranged the pages a bit so they can call it an new
         | version. In the end the publishers are the problem no piracy so
         | I do not feel bad one bit.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | Not trying to throw a straw man argument, but from what I
         | understand in that space is that there is no free market there.
         | 
         | If you want to publish so it is read by anyone you can only go
         | to big ones - if you are not publishing with big ones, good
         | luck no one will read it.
        
         | briandear wrote:
         | Free market needs to be allowed to work. If enough universities
         | cancel contracts, then publishers will have to adjust right?
         | Why are we going to ask government to regulate publishing?
         | Everything else they regulate/manipulate gets far more
         | expensive. Health care for instance. Housing (especially in
         | rent control cities.) Education. Transportation (note with
         | deregulation of air travel, flying places became significantly
         | more affordable.
        
         | EvkoGS wrote:
         | >Free market hardly work there.
         | 
         | Lmao, what? I download most of books and documents from
         | Z-library (donated several times), that's the free market. Btw,
         | FBI seized all of their domains recently.
         | 
         | Most of the time I need that one medicine textbook on a narrow
         | subject, costing $100+, which I'd use just to look something
         | up. I'm not going to buy all these books under any condition.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > Free market hardly work there.
         | 
         | Buying things with taxpayer funding and legal mandates is not
         | free market.
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | yep so is buying back bank, mortgage and insurance companies
        
       | pastage wrote:
       | When ebooks hit off the public libraries in Stockholm and perhaps
       | all of Sweden starting paying (costs of running all physical
       | libraries)/(number of books borrowed) with some obvious discounts
       | to those values. Not sure how this has changed in the last two
       | decades. "Libraries need to renew their leased e-material." that
       | is impossible this is not how things should work. Libraires
       | should have every book not being bound by publishers. It is
       | clearly the case that you need new negotiators and laws for
       | public libraries.
       | 
       | We should have an international law that allow libraries to lend
       | photocopies of books, like archive.org does, or just a digital
       | copy. There has been a rise in really good digital interactive
       | books were there is no standard way to make an (pirate) archive,
       | so change is comming even if such a law passes.
        
       | derbOac wrote:
       | I get so frustrated by these games.
       | 
       | Publishers should lose copyright to every work they do not offer
       | in perpetuity with every purchase in every format, and there
       | should be no postsale restrictions on any item beyond what is
       | implied by copyright.
        
         | aleph_minus_one wrote:
         | > Publishers should lose copyright to every work they do not
         | offer in perpetuity with every purchase in every format
         | 
         | If such a law comes, the publisher will set the price to, say,
         | 1 billion USD.
        
           | LegibleCrimson wrote:
           | Yeah, I keep seeing suggestions like this and I just don't
           | get it. Like the only way people can fathom something being
           | available is if it's for sale. We really need shorter
           | copyright terms more than anything else.
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | But they don't do that with physical books.
        
             | aleph_minus_one wrote:
             | I do know examples where publishers did stop printing new
             | editions (i.e. stopped publishing) some books.
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | Because e-books are digital, publishers will use the the
       | technology for increased telemetry, control, and ultimately to
       | extract more resources. Much like music or movies, there's not
       | inherent reason why e-books would need to work this way, but the
       | publishers can't help themselves. For the average consumer, the
       | solution seems obvious. Pay for physical books, and pirate
       | e-books.
        
       | Kaibeezy wrote:
       | I have consulted in this sector, specifically academic publishing
       | and textbooks. My sense is that publishers in the education
       | market are biding their time while old pedagogies wane.
       | 
       | Every new paper book soon becomes a used book, worth zero or even
       | negative revenue, whereas ebooks are sold de novo to every
       | student at nearly full price with much lower fixed costs (print,
       | distribute, stock, return). But publishers are wary of being seen
       | as interfering with academic freedom by pushing to ebooks.
       | 
       | There are a couple of use cases where students overwhelmingly
       | prefer paper. Cost savings with used books is obvious, but also,
       | for example, if a prof -might- allow a paper book on an exam but
       | -wouldn't- allow laptop ebook access, most students will -never-
       | take the risk of being disadvantaged, even if it's only in rare
       | cases.
       | 
       | I'd have to think about corresponding forces in the general
       | publishing and public libraries realm, which I'll assume is more
       | complex but roughly analogous.
       | 
       | Publishers are waiting until there are a few successful targeted
       | solutions and generational overturn, then paper will disappear in
       | a blink and they will get a fat profit boost. Tech to enable this
       | should be a nice little unicorn.
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | The value of ebooks isn't the content, but that they have
         | specific homework problems or codes which are required to
         | access online assignments. Particularly the latter, giving each
         | student a different code, because otherwise an entire class can
         | share one ebook. Otherwise, most ebooks have pirated online
         | PDFs, and even without those, all the information is readily
         | available in many places online.
        
       | mixedmath wrote:
       | This is an interesting problem. I love my library. And I use both
       | physical and digital books.
       | 
       | On the one hand, it's probably true that more people can read a
       | digital book. Ob the other hand, I have read fewer than 20 pages
       | of a bunch of ebooks - enough to see if I might like them.
       | 
       | Do these count as checkouts? Am I a very expensive library user?
       | 
       | (And I also am happy to have several ebooks that I'll read
       | sometime, casually renewing them until I get to them).
        
         | xrd wrote:
         | This is a very important point. Libraries should fight to
         | legislate analytics on exact usage when checking out an ebook,
         | especially if they are paying for a set number of usages.
        
       | codazoda wrote:
       | I've written and self published a few small books, including
       | Publish Your eBook. Maybe we should create an author
       | collaborative where we make our books available to libraries
       | either free or at a more reasonable price. There must be a
       | handful of authors who would be willing to do this and who own
       | enough rights to do so. It sounds like even a few books would
       | help libraries bolster their collections.
       | 
       | 1. Publish Your eBook by Joel Dare https://amzn.to/49WjVrn
        
         | jonawesomegreen wrote:
         | I work at a non-profit organization and part of our mission is
         | exactly this. You can find more details here:
         | https://indieauthorproject.com/
         | 
         | Another part of our mission is providing libraries an open
         | source ebook and audiobook reader called Palace. Our project is
         | on GitHub here https://github.com/thepalaceproject.
        
       | mark_l_watson wrote:
       | I hope some fair deal is worked out. I am wealthy and splurging
       | on all the audio books (yeah for Libro.fm) and eBooks (yeah for
       | Kobo) that I want, but I still experiment consuming the fine
       | content my local library network has. Great books are available
       | to easily consume with Libby and interesting movies and video
       | content are available with Kanopy.
       | 
       | Libraries can also be a nexus for social events and on site
       | education. Very well worth the tax money. In a world of
       | dehumanizing digital tech, libraries are a human experience.
        
       | 747-8F wrote:
       | This isn't different from the media industry's overall evolution.
       | 
       | Publishers aren't different from Audio media. Authors have mkt
       | reach through digital channels, unlike constraints of bookshelf
       | logistics.
       | 
       | Why aren't they directly publishing their material? Margins are
       | higher, without publisher fees.
        
         | dragandj wrote:
         | Many authors do, but how likely it is that the potential reader
         | finds their books among the millions of books pushed through
         | channels saturated by well-oiled publisher-controlled marketing
         | machine?
        
       | beej71 wrote:
       | > "They do have a funding problem, but the answer is not to take
       | it out of the pockets of authors and destroy the rights of
       | creators and pass unconstitutional legislation," said Shelley
       | Husband, senior vice president of government affairs at the
       | Association of American Publishers
       | 
       | I'm guessing Husband's solution is to raise taxes to pay
       | themselves for more expensive books.
       | 
       | The AAP is also suing Internet Archive, incidentally.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | The Internet Archive is participating in the legal process to
         | get to a conclusion that ebooks are the same as physical books,
         | otherwise the concept of libraries is over (except for those
         | who can pirate and the data stores that exist across the
         | internet, Anna's Archive, Zlib/libgen, etc).
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The concept of libraries, especially those that aren't large
           | research libraries, has already shifted quite a bit. I almost
           | never go down to my small town library to take out a book or
           | read a magazine. Maybe a DVD now and then that catches my
           | eye. Sometimes I discount museum passes. I could go to talks.
           | Their e-book service isn't that compelling.
           | 
           | Other people probably have different behaviors. People I know
           | with younger children in particular use local libraries for
           | children's books quite a lot.
           | 
           | But libraries as a place you checkout books is almost
           | certainly already on the decline. For me, the pirate sites
           | aren't even competition. I only have limited time. I read a
           | lot on the Internet. If there's some new book I want to read,
           | I'll probably just buy it for my Kindle. (Obviously many
           | people are much more price-sensitive but I wonder how many of
           | them are using libraries today.)
        
             | namekyd wrote:
             | My wife and I are voracious readers, it would be a very
             | expensive habit to have off we were buying everything for
             | kindle. We are members of 2 local libraries with listings
             | on overdrive/libby and rent the majority of our ebooks
             | there.
             | 
             | I suppose it depends on your library's offering and how
             | many books you go through
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | To be fair, I don't go through anything like the number
               | of books I used to. I have a ton of unread stuff on my
               | Kindle--some of which is admittedly large collections of
               | classics which I got for $1 or $2 each.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | What about people who cannot afford a Kindle, or cannot
               | afford to buy e-books?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | There are a ton of free books, many even out of
               | copyright, online. I also fully expect libraries will
               | continue to have physical books including recent
               | releases. I'm not advocating for libraries de-emphasizing
               | this aspect of their mission. But I think it will
               | probably naturally happen over time.
        
               | j_maffe wrote:
               | The detriment to society due to the lack of proper access
               | of the lower class to knowledge is too much to take this
               | lightly
        
             | LegibleCrimson wrote:
             | I read books pretty sparingly, but my wife reads about 150
             | books a year. We heavily exercise our local library.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah, there's definitely a subset of "super-readers" who
               | really benefit from taking out library books. I used to
               | be probably in the 50-75 range plus a ton of magazine
               | subscriptions. I'm more like 10 or so now. I also bet
               | there's a sizable percentage of the population who
               | doesn't read one book a year.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | >Their e-book service isn't that compelling.
             | 
             | My county library system has about 100k ebook titles and
             | another 30k audiobooks. I've probably read or listened to
             | well over a hundred library books since the last time I
             | actually went to the library.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Maybe I should look again. It wasn't that interesting
               | last time I looked. But that was quite a while ago. It's
               | just a small town library but I assume they use one of
               | the regular services.
               | 
               | ADDED: Indeed. They use the rebranded Overdrive (Libby).
               | Last time I looked at (maybe) Overdrive ages ago it
               | seemed to be highly populated with things like self-help
               | books. Looks useful.
        
           | beej71 wrote:
           | Even if you disagreed with IA's emergency library thing
           | (which I did), they're providing an amazing service to
           | humanity orders of magnitude larger than anything AAP will
           | ever accomplish. I encourage everyone to support them (which
           | I do).
        
       | rabite wrote:
       | Librarians should just begin directly teaching people how to use
       | Z-Library and Annas-Archive.
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | That would not work long term because those same libraries are
         | where those books and papers came from in the first place.
        
       | habosa wrote:
       | This sucks but was inevitable. Libraries are such a weird and
       | wonderful thing. Even though books are widely sold, there's a
       | place where you can go and read them for free instead. And it's
       | not some weird loophole, it's a basic unit of our society and an
       | assumed part of every community.
       | 
       | Unfortunately this is America. Nothing can beat out profit
       | motives forever. The libraries really never stood a chance.
        
         | armchairhacker wrote:
         | Libraries for the purpose of getting information simply don't
         | make sense in the digital age. The internet is far bigger and
         | more accessible than any library, and you can find information
         | on nearly any topic in exclusively ad-free, public domain sites
         | like Wikipedia, the Gutenburg project, and arXiv.
         | 
         | Libraries now exist more as a place for community: somewhere
         | quiet anyone can freely hang out, access resources like 3D
         | printers (or for the very poor, public fountains/restrooms and
         | the internet), and attend workshops. Some libraries like the
         | Boston Public Library are still nice and active even today
         | (https://www.bpl.org/). But unfortunately as you mentioned,
         | people today really don't fund community, and there are a lot
         | of degrading and closing libraries.
        
           | zinodaur wrote:
           | The internet is better for factoids - for learning something,
           | a book is a lot better, if you can get your hands on one.
           | 
           | E.g. for a niche topic there's maybe a 5 page wikipedia
           | article, a thousand useless seo fodder blogs, and a bunch of
           | academic papers on the topic. At the library, I can get a 300
           | page comprehensive text written by an expert whose motive is
           | to actually teach me the topic.
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | Same experience here. The Web's excellent for a handful of
             | (important!) topics but kiddie-pool shallow for many
             | others. You quickly run out of Web resources and have to
             | hit interlibrary loan or books stores to keep going.
             | 
             | It's telling that probably the single most-valuable store
             | of knowledge on the web is... a book piracy website. And
             | even that's missing tons of stuff.
        
         | prepend wrote:
         | Is this unique to America? It seems the same problem exists for
         | libraries globally, right?
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | What's worrying about the article is the fact that electronic
       | editions of ebooks expire, meaning libraries can't keep them
       | indefinitely. It's reminiscent of the Hollywood blockbuster
       | model, where there's only a short window to watch a new movie in
       | theaters. So, while libraries might stock new releases, what
       | happens to the older ones? Could this trend be pushing readers
       | towards newer publications?
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | I've found a fair number of series at my library where they
         | only have e-books of, say, #2 and #4, and I've always assumed
         | it's because the rest expired and haven't been re-purchased.
        
       | nofollow wrote:
       | related: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36998643
        
       | FloatArtifact wrote:
       | Digital media costs library much more money than physical media.
       | 
       | In the US in the state of Wisconsin has a statewide digital
       | library last time I was a resident there. That means all
       | libraries share the digital library across the state. My
       | experience was a incredible variety of content at the cost of
       | somewhat longer wait times.
       | 
       | The same cannot be said of Minnesota. When inquiring why
       | Minnesota does not have the same system when chatting with our
       | local library it came down to publishers were no longer willing
       | to have such an agreements. The library would love to have such a
       | system in Minnesota but the publishers are against it. I wish
       | there was a way we could bridge readers with their authors.
       | 
       | As a side note I don't quite understand the downside even with
       | the Wisconsin system. For my understanding it was contracted per
       | book for a length of time and also a fee per read.
       | 
       | https://www.wplc.info/wisconsins-digital-library-faq
        
       | briandear wrote:
       | How about eliminating libraries and provide vouchers for Kindle
       | Unlimited for the poor? Work with Amazon to create some kind of
       | Amazon library using Kindle as the platform.
       | 
       | People with money don't need public libraries -- you can buy
       | pretty much anything easily. People spend $18 on a McDonalds
       | meal, $9.99 for an ebook is nothing. Big city libraries are
       | mostly homeless shelters at this point.
       | 
       | I'm not going to a public library to use the World Book
       | Encyclopedia like I did 35 years ago. Pretty sure most people
       | aren't. I'm not going to check out some music CDs -- I have Apple
       | Music. Unless it's some kind of rare collections library for
       | academic research, the average library doesn't need to exist.
       | It's a vestige like Blockbuster Video.
       | 
       | It would be cool though if people could buy library access for
       | university digital libraries. Being able to access journal
       | articles is pretty awesome.
        
         | cubecul wrote:
         | I am on the commission overseeing a major public library
         | system. I strongly disagree with your interpretation of what
         | libraries do.
         | 
         | First, the real estate presence of the library is extremely
         | important. Children's storytime is one of the strongest drivers
         | of foot traffic. Some of the buildings act as designated
         | cooling centers during heat waves. They are community centers
         | and gathering spaces for local organizations.
         | 
         | Also, just because you can spend $10 on an ebook does not mean
         | others would choose to do the same! That's important money to
         | many people.
         | 
         | Otherwise, here are some other things I've seen libraries do
         | that I think your comment underestimates:
         | 
         | - supplies reading materials to jailed inmates
         | 
         | - helps new residents navigate city services
         | 
         | - manages the city archives
         | 
         | - provides wifi access for the 10%+ of a big city that does not
         | have wifi at home
         | 
         | - gives free books to build book collections at home
         | 
         | - loans tools and other "maker" equipment
         | 
         | Not all libraries are funded well enough to do the above, and
         | the specific definition of a library in 2024 is very hard to
         | nail down - basically converges on a community center.
         | 
         | All I'm saying is that libraries are making concerted efforts
         | to break out of the traditional definition ("gatekeeper of
         | information") - you should check out your local library to see
         | all that they do!
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | > one hardcover copy of Cook's latest novel costs the library
       | $18, it costs $55 to lease a digital copy
       | 
       | I buy the used paperback used for $3.
       | 
       | > a price that can't be haggled with publishers.
       | 
       | Of course they can haggle. They just don't know how to.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | The answer may be to change copyright law to allow book owners to
       | freely shift mediums (I forget the term for it, but converting a
       | paper book to PDF by scanning, or vice versa by printing), and to
       | restrict the ability to lease everything - you buy it, you own it
       | (a debate older than this issue, and there's term for that too).
       | 
       | Then I could donate my book to the library, they could scan it
       | (or buy a scanned copy), and as long as they restricted checkouts
       | based on the number of copies, they'd be fine.
       | 
       | The Internet Archive seems to do something similar, though it
       | seems to be an issue in the courts. I wonder if libraries could
       | donate their books to IA and direct patrons there for electronic
       | versions.
        
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