[HN Gopher] Brain waves appear to wash out waste during sleep in...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Brain waves appear to wash out waste during sleep in mice
        
       Author : hdevarajan
       Score  : 343 points
       Date   : 2024-03-16 06:01 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jamanetwork.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jamanetwork.com)
        
       | greggsy wrote:
       | Is anyone more knowledgeable able to interpret the paper beyond
       | 'brain waves wash toxins'?
       | 
       | Are they actually responsible for the observed activity, or do
       | they merely trigger some 'flushing' mechanism inherent to the
       | cells? Or, are the waves a result of that process?
        
         | malux85 wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be cool if we could periodically trigger waves like
         | this to refresh the brain and maybe require less (or no) sleep!
         | 
         | I have no expertise in this area I'm just a dreamer :)
        
           | d1sxeyes wrote:
           | Dreamers have no problems here :)
        
           | vasco wrote:
           | For companies it'd be a dream. 1/4 more awake time is 1/4
           | more time to buy stuff and watch content and ads. Or work
           | longer hours. Gonna go back to sleep now.
        
             | kyleyeats wrote:
             | Definitely get some sleep. Your post suggests you're
             | getting less than five hours a night.
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | the immediate use doesnt have to buy more shit.
             | 
             | it could be used in endurance/focused events. high stress
             | relief, traumatic brain injury - like immediate induce afte
             | cte event in foot ball
             | 
             | head trauma in car accident
             | 
             | ODs etc...
             | 
             | -
             | 
             | When I was a baby, and I would get ill, my mom would calm
             | me and put me to sleep - and I would sleep for an extended
             | period and my mom would say that I would wake up fully
             | well.
             | 
             | If this could be induced in infants going through trauma's
             | such as a surgery, where inducing natural brain-flush
             | instead of pumping a tiny body full of "medicine" this
             | might be great for their long term mental development
             | outside of having medicines in them when growing extremely
             | fast.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Sounds like a win-win.
             | 
             | Let's say my discretionary spending is 30% of my income, it
             | goes up by a third, and I need to work 10% longer hours.
             | Okay, so I adjust to a 44 hour work week and I get an extra
             | 30+ hours of free time? Great!
        
           | barkingcat wrote:
           | the trigger could be like a sequence of flashes or certain
           | pulsing of sound frequencies, it'd be like hacking the
           | nervous system via unsanitized inputs
        
             | foota wrote:
             | Have you read Snow Crash?
        
           | gitaarik wrote:
           | Meditation?
        
           | loopz wrote:
           | That's been in use for thousands of years already: yoga,
           | pranayama and meditation.
           | 
           | There are courses one can take where one learns this, like
           | Art of Living and any other that follows the same traditions.
           | 
           | Yes, there's research on that, and new studies should
           | absolutely gain from this study. Not entirely sure you'll
           | observe the same effect, that depends on meditator, but you
           | can fall asleep during practice.
           | 
           | I have over a decade experience with it, and have also
           | participated on a study on breathing exercises and epigenetic
           | effects from that versus blind control.
        
             | zadler wrote:
             | Which exercises would you say trigger movement of
             | cerebrospinal dluid in the brain?
        
               | DonHopkins wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PM5_dgKDsrc
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | I think the point of replacing sleep is to save time.
             | 
             | Replacing hours of sleep with hours of yogo or mediation
             | seems like you are not gaining anything.
        
               | frereubu wrote:
               | I think the point would be if you could replace ~8 hours
               | of sleep with ~1-2 hours of meditation. I very much doubt
               | it's a like-for-like replacement, but it might go some
               | way to reducing the need for full sleep, e.g. 2 hours
               | meditating + 2 hours sleeping = 8 hours sleeping.
        
               | hahajk wrote:
               | Is the idea that yoga/meditation are more efficient than
               | sleep at redistributing the cerebral fluid? That would be
               | very surprising.
        
               | loopz wrote:
               | What people really require for sleep vary a lot. But
               | there are claims some people practicing very intensely,
               | need only 4-6 hours of sleep at night. That's rarely a
               | goal in itself though, as it's not a means to become more
               | efficient or "save time", in a traditional, linear way of
               | thinking at least.
               | 
               | However, the goal of meditation can be very diverse,
               | since there are many different techniques, each with
               | their own aims and side-effects. Generally, the main goal
               | is often to calm the mind, make the body relax and let go
               | of stress. There are many more benefits though, which you
               | only realize when doing personal and experiencial
               | practice over longer periods of time. It's not like the
               | effects are the same for each person even, so it's more
               | like a discovery process rather than do A, B, C
               | techniques for X, Y, Z gains. However, there's a baseline
               | of methods and general health, which is what it's usually
               | used for. Very few people are suited to be munks or
               | living in secluded communes like that. But it can be Very
               | nice to be on a 1-2 week retreat now and then.
        
               | sonofhans wrote:
               | "You should meditate 10 minutes each day," the teacher
               | said. "But I can't find 10 minutes every day!" said the
               | student. "Then," replied the teacher, "you should
               | meditate for 60 minutes each day."
        
             | ArthurAardvark wrote:
             | It's hilarious to me that these practices are laughed off,
             | trivialized through memes and hyper-objectivity (science
             | can't evaluate their value in a practical manner -> "Lulz
             | hippie-dippie nonsense for ditzy/ungrounded women!!!!" --
             | Western dolt). Its insane considering their benefits...that
             | are of course tragically perfect for those who would never
             | participate
             | 
             | Of course that's a huge generality, I'd say it may be 1 out
             | of 5 people like that in the US, but its the fact that it
             | is not constrained to any particular
             | demographic/background.
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | I've seen actual psychiatrists suggesting meditation or
               | yoga as additional ways to help with certain issues (eg
               | anxiety) along with medicine, and the benefits of say,
               | just conscious, controlled breathing as is involved in
               | both are obvious to anyone who has a temper.
               | 
               | I wouldn't be surprised if the idea that it's completely
               | useless because it can't be scientifically observed in a
               | traditional sense is highly correlated with people who
               | think that mental health issues aren't real in general.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | It's dismissed like any other woo woo bullshit: strong
               | claims, no evidence.
               | 
               | Where's the evidence that yoga and meditation accomplish
               | the effects of sleep and how strong is it?
        
         | swores wrote:
         | I can't find free access to the full paper, but here's the
         | abstract (afraid I'm not knowledgeable enough to add to or
         | explain any of it):
         | 
         | " _The accumulation of metabolic waste is a leading cause of
         | numerous neurological disorders, yet we still have only limited
         | knowledge of how the brain performs self-cleansing. Here we
         | demonstrate that neural networks synchronize individual action
         | potentials to create large-amplitude, rhythmic and self-
         | perpetuating ionic waves in the interstitial fluid of the
         | brain. These waves are a plausible mechanism to explain the
         | correlated potentiation of the glymphatic flow1,2 through the
         | brain parenchyma. Chemogenetic flattening of these high-energy
         | ionic waves largely impeded cerebrospinal fluid infiltration
         | into and clearance of molecules from the brain parenchyma.
         | Notably, synthesized waves generated through transcranial
         | optogenetic stimulation substantially potentiated cerebrospinal
         | fluid-to-interstitial fluid perfusion. Our study demonstrates
         | that neurons serve as master organizers for brain clearance.
         | This fundamental principle introduces a new theoretical
         | framework for the functioning of macroscopic brain waves._ "
         | 
         |  _https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38418877/_
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | >Chemogenetic flattening of these high-energy ionic waves
           | largely impeded cerebrospinal fluid infiltration into and
           | clearance of molecules from the brain parenchyma.
           | 
           | Sounds like unsync'd brain waves, (being awake) impedes
           | cerebrospinal fluid flow through the brain.
           | 
           | When asleep, neurons sync their action potentials, acting
           | like a ionized fluid pump, moving old dirty cerebrospinal
           | fluid out, and allowing new, clean in.
           | 
           | Interestingly, when they synthesize that type of ionization
           | using other means, they saw the same increase in fluid
           | movement.
           | 
           | This is my best attempt at translating. Hopefully within 1-2
           | football fields. The author leaves choice of American or the
           | rest of the world to the reader to decide.
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | I wonder if this state could be ultrasonically induced to
             | have a "sleep helmet" which can calm and align rhythmic
             | waves? and induce an artificial flush or "power nap"
             | 
             | --
             | 
             | Well, thats basically the trope of every Cybernetic design,
             | with the connectors comming out the back of head/spine...
             | 
             | Like a continual wash which keeps you in this suspended
             | hyper-aware, but calm, rested and focused mental state.
             | 
             | This is why cyborgs have such incredible reflexes.
        
               | eschatology wrote:
               | I was thinking if we could directly tap and pump fresh
               | cerebrospinal fluid and eliminate sleep
        
               | brandensilva wrote:
               | It seems neat in theory but I imagine the brain having to
               | operate an additional 8 hours a day might actually
               | accelerate mental decline faster as we age given you
               | would be using it 1/3 more but it is an interesting
               | concept.
        
               | 0xFEE1DEAD wrote:
               | Have you seen the video on hn a couple of weeks ago about
               | the scientist using ultrasound to halt the progression of
               | Alzheimer's and to treat addiction?
               | 
               | Most fascinating video I've seen in a long time.
               | 
               | Edit: If you haven't seen it yet, I highly recommend
               | checking it out https://youtu.be/7BGtVJ3lBdE
        
               | randcraw wrote:
               | IIRC, the goal of that effort is simply to violate the
               | blood brain barrier, which may have therapeutic value
               | only under very tightly managed circumstances since
               | violating it likely will yield at least as many demerits
               | as merits since the BBB is essential to keep the brain
               | free of blood-borne toxins.
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | manipulating the blood-brain-barrier is exactly what ALL
               | ssris and medicines affecting the brain do.... DMT, LSD,
               | MDMA etc all deal in these molocules.
               | 
               | If we can create/prevent blood-brain-barrier-"Portals" as
               | it were, via ultrasound - and do so like we do with the
               | gamma knife but with sound waves, it would be more
               | harmonious with our nature. (3/6/9 tesla rhythms and all
               | that)
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | Thanks! Super interesting... however - I think our
               | understanding of how to properly aim it, and make it
               | resonant in the same way that mythical ancients a read to
               | as have - We dont yet understand the frequencies of
               | being.
        
               | brandensilva wrote:
               | I wonder if this could help insomniacs. I had some pretty
               | extreme burn out earlier this year that mentally made it
               | so I couldn't sleep. I had to remove as much stress from
               | life as I could and plan an aggressive routine of not
               | working, relaxation, exercise, sleeping exactly on time
               | and personal therapy with my wife to get my mind to shut
               | down at night.
               | 
               | It is pretty grueling how bad it feels to not sleep so a
               | cap like this would at least make it so the build up
               | doesn't kill you from over collecting old fluid
               | excessively.
        
             | Staple_Diet wrote:
             | As someone in this field (research field not football
             | field) I'd say that is an excellent layman explanation.
        
             | parpfish wrote:
             | I wonder if these waves also help in "resetting" the
             | distribution of ions among the CSF so neurons will continue
             | to have the proper ion gradients for firing their action
             | potentials?
        
           | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
           | > Here we demonstrate that neural networks synchronize
           | individual action potentials to create large-amplitude,
           | rhythmic and self-perpetuating ionic waves in the
           | interstitial fluid of the brain
           | 
           | This line is the money shot. An action potential is the
           | variable electrical charge of a neuron, and they maintain
           | that charge by containing a certain concentration of ions
           | relative to the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid. This paper
           | proposes that neurons synchonise their charge state, which
           | forces ions to flow in or out of the neurons in bulk, the
           | movement of these ions causing the cerebrospinal fluid to
           | move around, clearing out the accumulated debris.
        
             | niemandhier wrote:
             | I'd expect that it's probably not the ion movement but the
             | global electric field, maybe even mechanical effects in the
             | axons.
             | 
             | If you look at the Goldstein-Katz equations you see that
             | the conductivities play an as important role as the
             | concentrations.
             | 
             | Most of the voltage change is driven by changes in
             | conductivities and not concentration changes, the ion
             | movements across the membrane should be negligible.
             | 
             | Off course you have the free ions outside the cells than
             | diffuse in a field gradient.
        
               | walleeee wrote:
               | *Goldman-(Hodgkin-)Katz equation
        
             | gentleman11 wrote:
             | Do these wave of stimulation cause dreaming as a side
             | effect?
        
         | MrDrDr wrote:
         | The paper shows a correlation between the observed 'brain
         | waves' and the 'toxin removal'. From the abstract: 'These waves
         | are a plausible mechanism to explain the correlated
         | potentiation of the glymphatic flow through the brain
         | parenchyma'. I think the main objective of this paper is to
         | justify more funding to explore this phenomenon, to establish
         | causation (beyond correlation).
        
         | theaussiestew wrote:
         | In another comment I talked about how I observed a phenomena
         | similar to the one described where neuronal activations would
         | create waves, I've quoted it here. I would summarize it as 3D
         | waves of light, resulting in a spherical enamation that
         | readjusts the physical substrate of the mind and body.
         | 
         | ""
         | 
         | I tried to observe the phenomena yesterday again and couldn't
         | observe it but it was very specifically this in the past:
         | spherical orbs of white light expanding from a centre. There
         | were many of these, and my perception was that the nature of
         | this geometric expanding shape was healing. To describe it more
         | clearly, many years ago I felt that the perfect geometric
         | spherical nature of these expanding waves were designed to
         | gently round off rough edges. To make an analogy, imagine
         | kneading some play dough over and over again. When you use your
         | hands to do so, every time your hands make contact with the
         | play dough, the play dough changes shape slightly because of
         | the contact between your hands and the play dough and it gets
         | softer. Now apply this concept to the idea of energetic waves
         | making contact and passing through the material substrate of
         | the brain and the rest of the body (yes I observed the waves
         | applying to more than just my mind). It was my physical and
         | conscious perception that as the spherical waves emanated from
         | some center, they gently readjusted the physical substrate that
         | they passed through. And because there were so many of them in
         | different spatial locations, this readjustment was incredibly
         | refined.
        
       | achow wrote:
       | More details at Washington Univ' site:
       | https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/neurons-help-flush-waste-out...
       | 
       | Could not find any free access to the paper, even though the
       | Univ' says _" This work was supported by the National Institutes
       | of Health (NIH); the BJC Investigators Program at Washington
       | University; and the Neuroscience Innovation Foundation."_
       | 
       | These kind of grant funded research should be accessible at the
       | least from the Univ' websites.
        
         | VagabundoP wrote:
         | Checked and it was published through Nature:
         | 
         | Jiang-Xie, LF., Drieu, A., Bhasiin, K. et al. Neuronal dynamics
         | direct cerebrospinal fluid perfusion and brain clearance.
         | Nature 627, 157-164 (2024).
         | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07108-6
         | 
         | Every Uni should have access through your library system.
        
           | gapan wrote:
           | I think the point was that every member of the public should
           | have access to publicly funded research at least through the
           | university's website, rather than at least everyone currently
           | in universities should have access.
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | AaronSwartz+1*
        
               | lloeki wrote:
               | Swartz. Schwartz is an actor.
        
             | baubino wrote:
             | I agree but I also know (as a university employee) that the
             | reason they don't do this is because then they would have
             | to pay for and manage the hosting of hundreds of thousands
             | of articles. From the university's perspective, managing
             | and hosting articles is exactly what publishers do, so
             | universities cede that work to publishers. What is needed
             | is a public database of all publicly-funded research.
        
               | mock-possum wrote:
               | Sounds like a good cost for the government to subsidize.
        
               | achow wrote:
               | How hard or expensive is it to embed a PDF link in the
               | Univ news article. It maybe less harder and expensive
               | than the stock image that they have used.
               | 
               | Stanford maintains an extensive catalog of research
               | papers:
               | https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/in00000064276
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | some sort of scientific hub, one might say
        
               | jimberlage wrote:
               | At first I was like, "oh, that's a reasonable
               | perspective," and then I thought about it more and it
               | kinda isn't?
               | 
               | When I buy a keyboard, the manufacturer doesn't run a
               | shipping company, so they use $x from the purchase price
               | to subcontract shipping. (They tell me it's separate at
               | billing, but they don't make me ring up DSL myself
               | either.)
               | 
               | When I hire an electrician, they buy materials from Home
               | Depot, so they use $x from the purchase price for
               | materials. (They sometimes break down the bill into
               | materials and labor, but they don't make me drive to Home
               | Depot myself and buy every part.)
               | 
               | When the public hires academics to do research, they have
               | administrative overhead and have to hire a publisher, so
               | they use $x from the grant for administrative overhead
               | and...
               | 
               | Abdicate responsibility for the $y needed for publishing
               | and pretend the public didn't intend for part of the
               | grant money to go to that??
        
               | melagonster wrote:
               | Publishers are not supported by government. and
               | government only require publish.
        
               | samtho wrote:
               | You may have missed the point here.
               | 
               | OP was saying that publicly funded research needs to
               | have, built in to its budget for the research, enough
               | money to make the findings publicly available. The
               | publishing mechanism is largely arbitrary here, only that
               | it must be budgeted for.
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | Hosting is a long-solved problem. High-quality
               | repositories have provided free, universally accessible
               | document hosting to the academic world _for decades._
               | 
               | The arXiv is a nonprofit organization run by Cornell that
               | hosts preprints, and I wouldn't be surprised if it holds
               | more stuff than all the for-profit publishers combined at
               | this point. The barriers to uploading on the arXiv are
               | very low - all you need is to be at a recognized academic
               | institution or endorsed by someone who works for one.
               | 
               | Resources like arXiv have made official publishing
               | largely superfluous for spreading knowledge in the parts
               | of academia that understand and care about the value of
               | spreading knowledge for free. Analogous archives exist
               | for (at least) biology, medicine, psychology, and
               | economics.
               | 
               | https://info.arxiv.org/about/index.html
        
             | VagabundoP wrote:
             | I agree publicly funded research should not be siloed in
             | anyway and should be in the public domain.
        
           | achow wrote:
           | Yes, it was published through Nature.
           | 
           | But what stops Univ' site to have original research paper
           | available for download? Nature magazine is just a
           | distribution channel (they did not sponsor the research so
           | should not have exclusive rights on it).
           | 
           | Left college long time ago; and do not have access to any
           | library system.
        
             | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
             | If you email the authors they might be happy to send you a
             | copy - scientists tend to be in favour of the free exchange
             | of information, there's no restriction on them sharing
             | their paper if they choose to, and they don't get royalties
             | from journal subscriptions so they have no vested interest
             | in paywalling their research
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | Not all of them. I sent a couple of such mails, to only
               | get back the freely available summary PDFs back. Even
               | with the same checksum with the ones on the web.
        
               | cj wrote:
               | Yep. My dog was part of a study at UC Davis. All I was
               | able to get was an abstract.
        
               | 0xEF wrote:
               | True, but I'd say it's still worth the email asking. I
               | used to work in the mental health field requested
               | paywalled research papers on cognitive and developmental
               | disabilities pretty regularly, and about 80% of the
               | people I contacted sent the paper to me without much
               | question.
               | 
               | The more we all do it, the more expected the practice
               | becomes and with any luck, these money-grubbing journals
               | will take note and start offering copies at a minimal fee
               | or time-limited access.
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | Of course. I'm a big proponent of Open Access. OTOH,
               | Elsevier seems to give 50 days of Open Access via share
               | links. I didn't know that.
               | 
               | I was away from academic arena for some time. Looks like
               | I'll be returning soon-ish.
        
             | bayindirh wrote:
             | Copyright Transfer Agreement. The moment you send the paper
             | to Nature, you can only publish the draft you sent in.
             | Unless you pay for publish, editorial costs are paid by
             | selling access to that paper.
             | 
             | If you want to publish in an Open Access manner, you need
             | to pay the costs. Or if your country wants to license it
             | for Open Access, your country pays the costs.
        
               | achow wrote:
               | The final draft that was sent is good enough, maybe all
               | that one needs.
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | Sometimes yes, sometimes no. In my case, the edited
               | versions of (my) paper had more experiments, refined
               | images and was more complete.
               | 
               | The paper was not bad to begin with, but the
               | edited/revised version painted a more complete picture
               | which shouldn't be possible without a set of external
               | reviewers.
        
               | pca006132 wrote:
               | If I understand correctly, for most publishers you are
               | allowed to host a copy on your personal web as well as
               | the university library catalog?
        
               | bayindirh wrote:
               | AFAIK, this comes with distribution limitations like to
               | your department and students in the university. There's
               | an exception for arXiv generally for publishing
               | intermediate revisions, but not the final one.
               | 
               | Elsevier has a nice summary at [0]. At the bottom there's
               | "Publicly share the final published article". It's "YES"
               | for Open Access and "NO" for subscription (classical)
               | model. There's a rather detailed "Scholarly Share" which
               | allows sharing with researchers, but not to any
               | researcher, as I aforementioned on top.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-
               | standards/copyri...
        
               | pca006132 wrote:
               | Never knew this before! Thanks for sharing.
        
         | JPLeRouzic wrote:
         | More discussion about this paper on ALZ forum:
         | 
         | https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/do-sleep-rhythms...
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | All NIH funded research is freely open access by law.
         | 
         | In this case it seems the authors didn't pay the (crazy
         | expensive) Nature open access fee. They will have to upload a
         | free PDF to PubMed manually, but have up to a year to do so,
         | and don't seem to have done it yet.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | Is Nature's open access fee really that crazy? Last time I
           | checked it was a few thousand dollars.
           | 
           | And it's paid once, to make the whole thing open perpetually.
           | It certainly seems better than having the people interested
           | in reading it pay $30-40 each.
           | 
           | Of course, this is also based on the few times I've heard
           | researchers talk about the ways they could spend their grant
           | money. $2k to Nature sounds like a great deal by comparison.
           | 
           | Note: Worked for Nature in the past.
        
             | hx8 wrote:
             | Yes, I wouldn't expect someone to pay a few thousand
             | dollars to Nature when PubMed will do the same job for
             | free. I think the role of academic journals is decreasing
             | as open and tech-savvy solutions to information sharing and
             | screening are being deployed.
        
       | throwaway81523 wrote:
       | Is this news? Lookup glynphatic system. I thought it was known
       | that it flushes out waste products during sleep.
        
         | tunnuz wrote:
         | Same, but the way I read it is that now we know the "how".
        
         | DANmode wrote:
         | Only commenter mentioning the glymphatic system, and spelled it
         | wrong.
         | 
         | Gonna say it's still news!
        
       | pulse7 wrote:
       | So garbage collection is not such a bad idea after all...
        
         | aendruk wrote:
         | Where sleeping is an acceptable cost.
        
         | lwansbrough wrote:
         | 1/3 of compute time spent on garbage collection is pretty
         | inefficient!
        
           | DANmode wrote:
           | Have you _seen_ this volume of garbage?!
        
           | steve1977 wrote:
           | Maybe it's comforting to think that the time is not only
           | spent with garbage collection. That's one part of sleep, but
           | by far not the only one.
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | Well if it gives you an uptime of 80-110 years, that's pretty
           | useful.
        
           | lelanthran wrote:
           | Only in f it's exclusively for GC.
           | 
           | If it's opportunistic GC, then it's simply running when
           | nothing else is.
           | 
           | IOW, we may need the sleep for a different reason, and that
           | is when the load is low enough to allow the GC to run.
           | 
           | Assume that we can trigger this while awake. This doesn't
           | mean that we don't need to sleep for some other reason.
        
           | flancian wrote:
           | What if it's garbage collection and NN training/backprop
           | time?
           | 
           | Then it starts sounding like a great deal to me at least.
        
           | dennis_jeeves2 wrote:
           | It didn't get the memo on big 'O'.
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | GC with a time window. Maybe there's a paper there.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | So, if we could induce those brain waves we wouldn't need sleep?
       | Maybe in the future our AirPods will have a "rejuvenate" feature
       | which plays tones that cause sleep like brain waves to go through
       | and clean out our neurons.
       | 
       | Probably not... I think our brains are like LLMs. We train them
       | on sensory input we perceive over time, building up a data model
       | that is unique to us. The models may generate similar results,
       | but each person's brains are wired as differently as the raw
       | binary data stored in ChatGPT vs Llama or Gemini. Thus the
       | cleaning mechanism is probably unique per person as well.
       | 
       | But I don't really have a clue. It's just a logical inference.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | induction may cause a feeling of restedness, but unless the
         | actual fluid pumps out the waste, you'd likely get diminishing,
         | perhaps even damaging results if you over use it... like and
         | "sleep spell" it has a cooldown that is needed for actual
         | biological pumping time
        
         | Jolter wrote:
         | I have an idea: if you induced those brain waves, you would
         | technically be asleep. So you would not actually be magically
         | given more awake time.
        
         | rpozarickij wrote:
         | I'd think that the brain isn't the only part of the human body
         | that needs sleep/rest. Becoming immobile for such a long amount
         | of time must have a much larger systemic purpose given that
         | this is how our bodies evolved.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Your spine contracts during the day and releases while you
           | sleep at night.
        
       | theaussiestew wrote:
       | That's a really interesting scientific finding. From a personal
       | experience, once I closed my eyes and actually observed this
       | phenomenon. I could observe many spherical waves of light each
       | pulsating, and not only that but I could feel the effect of each
       | wave viscerally. It definitely felt healing. I wasn't sure what
       | this was, was it the vibes of meditators around the world? Maybe
       | this research finding is what I was observing.
        
         | dynisor wrote:
         | Are you perhaps describing phosphenes?
        
           | theaussiestew wrote:
           | No I'm not. Please see my other comment where I make a
           | physical analogy to why spherical expanding waves of light
           | may be healing and restorative.
        
         | quesera wrote:
         | Reflexively, that doesn't make sense. I cannot imagine
         | perceiving ionic CSF flow with my eyes.
         | 
         | But thinking about it more, maybe there is something to it? I'm
         | wholly unqualified to speculate here, but I know computers and
         | computers are exactly the same as everything in the real world,
         | so let's go! ...
         | 
         | - When restful and with my eyes closed, I definitely "see"
         | waves move across my field of vision. My eyes see "black" (or
         | dark gray) with slightly lighter edges that move and act like a
         | wavefront in a fluid. There's distinct flow, and (minor)
         | swirling and interference. I've seen these since I was very
         | young, and I have no idea if it's a common thing or if it has a
         | name. It must. I've mentioned it to a very small number of
         | other non-experts but no one has ever recognized it. (I also
         | sometimes see tiny colored tiles that light up in moving masses
         | -- again rarely mentioned but never recognized, probably an
         | unrelated phenomenon...)
         | 
         | - I do not think these are simply phosphenes, because there is
         | no external proximate stimuli. Though I suppose we all live in
         | environments saturated with EMF, most of the time, and a proper
         | test would require being in a very remote area (and that's
         | probably not enough). Though if I can "see" the presence of
         | EMF, I'm totally making some phone calls to Charles Xavier's
         | people.
         | 
         | - I've theorized that this was fluid in my eye (eyelid is too
         | thin) moving around and refracting what little light is getting
         | through in a dark room. But it also happens when I am
         | completely still (though nothing in the body is ever completely
         | still), and it also happens in complete darkness.
         | 
         | - The "shape" of the waves does not resemble anything that
         | could be related to blood vessels in the eyelid. And again,
         | complete darkness.
         | 
         | - So, is it possible that it's actually this ionic flow of CSF
         | through the vision-sensing part of the brain? Not _actually_
         | light coming through my eyeballs at all, but fluidlike
         | electrical variations in the parts of the brain itself which
         | are sensitive to the electrical signals normally coming from
         | the optic nerves?
         | 
         | I have no idea. But it's an fun new angle to consider in the
         | idle moments while I watch the waves flow before I fall asleep.
         | 
         | (That said, please feel free to correct my wild speculation if
         | there's an obvious explanation that has not intersected my
         | completely-unrelated fields of study! :)
        
           | Nemi wrote:
           | Ok, I have never told anyone this, but I also sometimes wake
           | up and "see" like a waterfall effect over my vision. It only
           | happens very rarely and only for less than a minute after I
           | get woken from a deep sleep. It is not unlike a moving
           | sensation or water moving over my eyes. I realized that it is
           | probably fluid moving over my visual cortex and being
           | interpreted as vision. Seems weird and I have nothing to back
           | it up on, but it has happened multiple times over my lifetime
           | and the sensation is exactly the same every time.
        
             | theaussiestew wrote:
             | I'm not talking about the vague flow of amorphous material,
             | I can perceive that too but it's not what I'm referring to.
             | I made a follow up reply where I describe specifically what
             | this phenomena is and my hypothesis on the mechanism behind
             | the healing.
        
           | theaussiestew wrote:
           | I deliberately didn't use the word "see" when phrasing my
           | response. I used the word observed because it was an
           | observation, not a seeing. And I'm not describing a flow of
           | vague amorphous whitish material, I know what you're talking
           | about and I'm not describing that.
           | 
           | I tried to observe the phenomena yesterday again and couldn't
           | observe it but it was very specifically this in the past:
           | spherical orbs of white light expanding from a centre. There
           | were many of these, and my perception was that the nature of
           | this geometric expanding shape was healing. To describe it
           | more clearly, many years ago I felt that the perfect
           | geometric spherical nature of these expanding waves were
           | designed to gently round off rough edges. To make an analogy,
           | imagine kneading some play dough over and over again. When
           | you use your hands to do so, every time your hands make
           | contact with the play dough, the play dough changes shape
           | slightly because of the contact between your hands and the
           | play dough and it gets softer. Now apply this concept to the
           | idea of energetic waves making contact and passing through
           | the material substrate of the brain and the rest of the body
           | (yes I observed the waves applying to more than just my
           | mind). It was my physical and conscious perception that as
           | the spherical waves emanated from some center, they gently
           | readjusted the physical substrate that they passed through.
           | And because there were so many of them in different spatial
           | locations, this readjustment was incredibly refined.
           | 
           | I was slightly disappointed to see my comment down voted but
           | I'm not too surprised. I stand by my description as an
           | accurate and well considered, rational description of what I
           | had observed in the past.
        
         | nprateem wrote:
         | Perhaps it's how meditation balances the sympathetic and
         | parasympathetic nervous systems. But yeah, I know when my
         | mediation is deepening because the rhythmic pulsation up my
         | spine into my base brain begins.
        
           | theaussiestew wrote:
           | I'm not talking about the general effect of meditation which
           | is to relax the body and increase the flow throughout the
           | body. I was talking very specifically about this concept of
           | spherical expanding waves of light. To make an analogy, it
           | resembles a moderately white light expanding from a centre.
           | See my other comment where I describe how such a phenomena
           | could be healing and restorative using a physical analogy.
        
       | huppeldepup wrote:
       | There is an mri greyscale clip that shows this process I saw a
       | couple of years ago but could never find it back. It showed
       | spinal fluid "washing" the brain. If anyone knows where I can
       | find it, please link.
        
         | speedylight wrote:
         | There's this one I just found - [https://player.vimeo.com/video
         | /370150539?background=1](https...
        
           | huppeldepup wrote:
           | That one is the default google answer, but not the one I saw.
           | Mine had a spine attached and there was no highlighting, the
           | fluid movements were distinguishable in the scans.
           | 
           | Thank you for trying.
        
             | xeonmc wrote:
             | this? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8cgZn3aW3o
             | 
             | or this? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPEOviBqr_c
             | 
             | EDIT: also
             | 
             | https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=785729915751081
        
       | ineedaj0b wrote:
       | We need to figure out what activity or thought creates waves most
       | similar to the cleaning function.
       | 
       | Maybe it's dreaming? Dreaming by my experience is tedious and not
       | restful... I have 4-6 dreams every night and never feel like I'm
       | truly asleep.
       | 
       | Shouldn't be hard to figure out with an EKG and a decent graph to
       | see what your aiming for.
        
         | pjerem wrote:
         | It's not dreaming that is tedious. My understanding is that the
         | brain always dream but that you only remember your dreams if
         | you wake up during them. So, remembering 4-6 dreams would mean
         | that you wake up (probably unconsciously) multiple times per
         | night. It's probably what is tiring rather than the dream
         | itself.
         | 
         | Disclaimer : I have no source and I may be wrong. It's my
         | understanding.
        
           | ineedaj0b wrote:
           | I don't feel physically tired in the mornings. I ran in high
           | school 8-10 miles a day and would collapse, waking up dream
           | free.
           | 
           | Now I wake up refreshed but I'm sick of watching the same
           | rehashed combinations of dreams. I can do lucid dreaming, but
           | I'd just rather not dream at all
        
             | deprecative wrote:
             | You always dream. That's the thing. Unless something is
             | seriously wrong you dream every night. You might not want
             | to remember them but you'll dream all the same.
        
               | ineedaj0b wrote:
               | Might be a symptom of my good memory? Shame. I like the
               | memory but not the dreams
        
         | dbtc wrote:
         | meditation
        
         | bloqs wrote:
         | Modafinil does exactly this.
        
           | smolder wrote:
           | Huh? It cleans the brain? Care to elaborate or provide a
           | source?
        
             | ineedaj0b wrote:
             | It certainly keeps you alert. Removes the 'sleepy/tired'
             | feeling. But it might not clean the brain.
             | 
             | It might change the comfort level of 'clean' you brain
             | finds acceptable before commanding the janitor out of his
             | closet.
        
         | drowsspa wrote:
         | I almost never remember my dreams. When I do, it means I had a
         | really bad night's sleep and I don't feel rested.
         | 
         | 4 to 6 dreams every night sounds exhausting. You should
         | probably check it out with a doctor, it seems you're
         | subconsciously waking up too often during the night.
        
       | v7engine wrote:
       | could someone eli5 this for me pls.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | Think of it as whilst awake all the experience and sensory
         | input, nutrients(or lack) you experience throughout the day
         | result in basically the brain doing all its activites and
         | various parts, functions and syncopated waves/rthyms etc get
         | out of phase.
         | 
         | Much like you occasionally reboot your machine to flush and re-
         | align memory etc...
         | 
         | When you sleep, your sensory input systems are handed a
         | surrogate (dreams) whist the rest of your brain gets back into
         | phase with itself, and the idea is that this allows for an
         | 'alignment' of sorts within the brain which allows for the
         | cerberal fluids to more porously flow through the brain and
         | carry away ionic and other molecules which freely float through
         | the brain.
         | 
         | As the rain washes the paths and the streets after a windy,
         | dusty day...
         | 
         | To allow for a fresh path where the previous wake-cycles
         | experiences in molocules can be more properly absorbed into the
         | brain and your neurons can 'take in' what happened all wake
         | cycle.
        
           | v7engine wrote:
           | Thank you.
           | 
           | Any recommendations on how long should I sleep for this
           | process to kick off and get completed? Or does it happen all
           | the time I am sleeping?
        
             | samstave wrote:
             | It happens all the time in the appropriate phase of sleep.
             | 
             | So just get as much sleep as your body is saying "HEY
             | BITCH!"
             | 
             | Also - you _will_ have more beneficial sleep in fully dark,
             | no-screens (or other magnetic objects (cell phone, under
             | pillow, for example) near head.
             | 
             | make sure you dont have sleep apnia (make sure you have
             | clear deep breathing when sleeping)....
        
       | alexnewman wrote:
       | Imagine I said this in a nice way. Haven't we known this for a
       | while? Specifically during deep non rem sleep. For the lazy,
       | what's new here?
        
       | pkoird wrote:
       | Kinda tangential but I've noticed that my most satisfying and
       | restorative sleep is always followed by tons of eye goop the
       | following morning. Maybe a kind of brain-waste?
        
         | Hendrikto wrote:
         | This has probably way more to do with how much REM sleep you
         | get, which is said to be the most restorative sleep.
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | After learning this and reading about lion's mane reversing
       | plaque induced dementia in rats I started taking it as "brain
       | washing detergent" before bed. It gives me some wildly vivid
       | dreams and I always wake up more refreshed.
        
         | slowmotiony wrote:
         | How much?
        
           | luxuryballs wrote:
           | I scoop about 2-3 grams
        
         | tacocataco wrote:
         | I take herb pills, and I get crazy dreams if I don't drink
         | enough water with them. Try chugging more water before bed or
         | when you take the pills.
        
       | robg wrote:
       | If you have any doubts about sleep quantity and quality, worth
       | reading about the glymphatic nervous system, which is so newly
       | discovered likely you didn't learn about it in school.
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636982/
       | 
       | In short it explains, mechanistically, why poor sleep affects
       | daily cognition, mental health, and age-related declines. Robust
       | scientific theories explain more of the evidence. The glymphatic
       | nervous system explains why sleep is so key to surviving and
       | thriving. Maiken Nedergaard will end up winning the Nobel for its
       | discovery.
        
         | Hrun0 wrote:
         | > which is so newly discovered
         | 
         | It says that it was published in 2015, or am I missing
         | something?
        
           | infecto wrote:
           | Am I missing something? 2015 for a paper feels relatively new
           | enough that people might not know about it and it might not
           | be in school books.
        
             | Culonavirus wrote:
             | People learn in school, then after they estabilish their
             | career, they have kids and other interests and this and
             | that and they get intellectually stuck. Don't grow. Don't
             | learn new things in their field of (supposed) expertise...
             | I see this ALL THE TIME. Now if middle aged programmer
             | refuses to learn new things, it's annoying to work with
             | them, but you'll survive. If a middle aged physician
             | refuses to learn new things, you're kinda fucked. Sadly,
             | the amount of physicians out there who don't keep improving
             | is pretty large given the importance of their job. Yes, the
             | "pretty large" part is mostly anecdotal - my experience and
             | experiences of my friends and family - but if I see the
             | stuck programmers in my field, I'm pretty convinced there
             | must be quite a few of the stuck physicians.
             | 
             | So yeah, 10 years in medicine? Seems like a brand new paper
             | to me. I expect that knowledge to bubble its way to your
             | average physician some time around 2040.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | That's why I am on hackernews though? If nobody posted
               | that paper 8 years ago I'd be surprised.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | 5 years ago:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20622712
        
           | d_sem wrote:
           | You are missing the context of age demographics. For example:
           | in the United States of America about 63% of the population
           | is over the age of 32 which represents roughly 200 million
           | Americans which graduated Highschool before the year 2010.
        
             | telesilla wrote:
             | And the majority of whoever is teaching university or even
             | high school right now probably graduated themselves before
             | 2015, when the article was published.
        
           | dEnigma wrote:
           | > so newly discovered _likely you didn't learn about it in
           | school._
           | 
           | So with the slow pace knowledge makes it into the school
           | curriculum, you likely wouldn't have heard about it in school
           | unless you just left the system a year or two ago (if even
           | then).
        
             | robg wrote:
             | Exactly, my kids are in elementary school and I've been
             | talking with superintendents and high school principals.
             | It's straightforward to teach kids about the brain as a
             | muscle and sleep as critical to rest and recovery to best
             | power cognition. The glymphatic system gives a clear
             | mechanism and yet I haven't found many places where it's
             | being taught as a core part of how to best use your brain.
             | Sleep is still considered a nice to have for brain
             | performance, not a driver of working smarter.
        
             | Hrun0 wrote:
             | Ok I think I got confused. I thought OP meant that they
             | will win the Nobel for this specific publication.
             | 
             | I guess I should have slept more
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | I'm about the median age in the US and wouldn't expect anyone
           | less than a decade younger than me to have been taught it in
           | school unless they went for a degree in a related field, and
           | possibly not even then. 2015 is after I finished grad school
           | and something like a decade after I'd last taken a class
           | where it might have been taught if it had already been around
           | for enough years to make it into the curriculum.
        
             | robg wrote:
             | Great points, I got my Ph.D. in neuroscience 20 years ago.
             | There were disparate theories for why we sleep but no
             | mechanistic description. Most of the research not
             | specifically relevant to my own took 10-20 years to become
             | influential. I'd be surprised if most textbooks for
             | neuroscience-related fields being published today are
             | including the glymphatic system, including psychology /
             | psychiatry and medicine.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | I wonder if eventually once this is more thoroughly researched
         | there could be a way to induce constant cleaning instead of
         | having to do it while unconscious at night? Or at least reduce
         | the hours required. If we could solve this we could just stay
         | awake perpetually and instantly gain a 30% longer lifespan as
         | it were.
        
           | someplaceguy wrote:
           | > I wonder if eventually once this is more thoroughly
           | researched there could be a way to induce constant cleaning
           | instead of having to do it while unconscious at night?
           | 
           | Hopefully without having to induce those brainwaves,
           | otherwise you might be able to do it during the day but you
           | wouldn't exactly be conscious. But there's also the question
           | of whether those brainwaves are doing more than just cleaning
           | the brain.
           | 
           | I think some types of learning and memory formation also
           | happen during sleep, right?
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | > Hopefully without having to induce those brainwaves,
             | otherwise you might be able to do it during the day but you
             | wouldn't exactly be conscious. But there's also the
             | question of whether those brainwaves are doing more than
             | just cleaning the brain.
             | 
             | ...Lucid daydreaming button, anyone? Maybe not lucid if
             | it's the exact same as normal sleep, but I'm sure that if
             | such a thing more exist, you'd be able to adjust exactly
             | how it affects your brain.
        
               | plasticchris wrote:
               | But your brain is disconnected from your body during
               | dreams, to keep you from flailing around. Sometimes you
               | even wake up before the block is lifted and can't move.
               | So controlling such a device would be difficult.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | You're describing sleep paralysis, right? It's not so
               | much a disconnection as it is an inhibition. Attempts to
               | move most of your muscles are blocked, but external
               | stimuli still get in. You know, once upon a time someone
               | started the washer while I was presumably in REM, and I
               | started to hear something in my dream. When I woke up, it
               | only took me a couple minutes to realize that what I had
               | been hearing in the dream was some greatly slowed-down
               | version of the washer that had just been started, since I
               | guess my dream time was travelling faster than real time.
               | I think the only reason it didn't wake me up is because
               | I'm used to sleeping through the sound of the washer
               | running and may even normally filter it out. That's just
               | the first time that someone managed to turn it on in the
               | middle of my actual dreaming phase.
        
               | plasticchris wrote:
               | Yeah, that's right. I had it once before I knew it was a
               | thing and could see, hear, feel, but not move. Quite
               | terrifying at the time, even if it resolved pretty
               | rapidly.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I've been trying to induce it willingly for around a
               | decade at this point. Same for lucid dreaming. Haven't
               | really managed to do either one, not sure if I am capable
               | of it either. Oh well.
        
               | someplaceguy wrote:
               | > But your brain is disconnected from your body during
               | dreams, to keep you from flailing around
               | 
               | Tell that to sleepwalkers!
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I believe there are two "obvious" theories on how
               | sleepwalking may occur:
               | 
               | - Sleep paralysis doesn't properly activate, and someone
               | accidentally transfers the motion of walking into real
               | life. proprioception may pass through to the dream, they
               | might perceive a dream environment that allows them to
               | navigate the real one. (i.e. righting themself from bed,
               | staying upright while walking)
               | 
               | - They aren't fully asleep, but they aren't awake/aware
               | either. I've had my fair share of people telling me that
               | I said or did things after waking up and before
               | immediately going back to sleep, and those are things I
               | don't remember doing at all, probably because they
               | weren't properly recorded in memory because my brain was
               | not fully awake. (Some of these cases could have been DID
               | though.)
        
           | calirepublik wrote:
           | Check this out, I just saw a reference to this recently:
           | 
           | https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/noninvasive-brain-wave-
           | treatmen...
        
           | robg wrote:
           | More efficient sleep is possible with ultrasound. But keep in
           | mind that the glymphatic system seems to expand as other
           | systems contract. The waves are tied to brain activity
           | slowing down, can't have one without the other. That said,
           | could intersperse active times of the day with naps. But naps
           | alone don't seem sufficient as good sleep.
        
             | rowanG077 wrote:
             | To what degree is it more efficient? For example could you
             | halve your sleep requirement? That would already be huge.
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | > The waves are tied to brain activity slowing down, can't
             | have one without the other.
             | 
             | But why? Is this knowledge onservation based ("that is how
             | it is in the organisms we studied") or is it a theoretical
             | limit?
             | 
             | Dolphins for example seems to get by without fully going
             | unconscious. (I'm talking about the literal marine mamals,
             | not a chronotype or anything like that here.)
        
           | FooBarWidget wrote:
           | Philips has a headband product called DeepSleep. They claim
           | it increases your deep sleep by playing some sort of sound
           | during your sleep that induces more deep sleep. For some odd
           | reason, despite being a Dutch company, the product was only
           | sold in the US. I spent a lot of money having it imported to
           | Netherlands.
           | 
           | Unfortunately I can't tell whether it works. I rely on
           | headphones and earplugs to block out sounds during the night.
           | Sounds such as cars and airplanes outside, or other people in
           | the house going to the toilet, tend to wake me up unless I
           | block out those sounds. And the handband is not compatible
           | with headphones or ear plugs.
           | 
           | I wish there is a better solution.
        
             | skinner927 wrote:
             | It appears to be discontinued
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | If there is any magic bullet, it'll be something biological
           | evolution can't easily jump-to or stumble-upon. Otherwise I
           | think it would have happened already, given the risks of
           | sleep and the rewards of an expanded activity (or at least
           | awareness) cycle.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Well it's not unheard of that some people won the genetic
             | lottery and are more efficient at it, functioning normally
             | with only 3, 4 hours of sleep every day. There's definitely
             | room for improvement for those of us that need 8 or 9 lmao.
             | Hell even reducing it to just 7 or 6 would be such a
             | massive gain.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | For "Short Sleeper Syndrome", it remains to be seen what
               | the long-term tradeoffs are.
               | 
               | Kind of like how someone might excel at a specific test
               | because of a lesser sense of pain, but that lack of
               | feedback loop can be detrimental in the long run as they
               | keep injury themselves without noticing.
        
         | magicalhippo wrote:
         | It makes me sad as my SO struggles a lot with sleep. It's been
         | years since she's had a good nights sleep.
         | 
         | Sadly her issues are mostly psychologically rooted due to past
         | trauma, while all the treatments seem to be geared towards
         | "simple" physical issues. She's tried contacting various sleep
         | clinics here and they've all said they can't help.
         | 
         | She struggles a lot with falling asleep, she's exceptionally
         | sensitive to sound and vibration while trying to sleep or
         | sleeping, and if she falls asleep she almost always have
         | nightmares, which significantly reduces the quality of the
         | sleep even if they don't always wake her up.
         | 
         | One issue is that when you're that close to the limit of what
         | is no longer bearable, it's hard to just try things. For
         | example, I've been thinking exposure therapy might help for her
         | sound and light sensitivity, but she's not convinced it'll help
         | and doesn't want to try potentially sleeping even worse for
         | many weeks. Which I understand, but...
        
           | JoshGG wrote:
           | Sounds so hard.
           | 
           | I've experienced that a moderate or intense exercise regimen
           | can help a lot with sleep.
           | 
           | If she hasn't tried therapies directed at trauma and recovery
           | that may also be helpful.
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | It's brutal.
             | 
             | She did start exercising some years ago, and it did
             | improve. But then real-life issues triggers her anxiety and
             | it's back to square one.
             | 
             | She's tried therapy for a long time with little result.
             | She's very smart, but most likely has ADHD, so for example
             | mindfulness and similar doesn't seem to work well (either
             | "boring" so she loses focus, or too "obvious" without
             | actionable content).
             | 
             | Though we recently found a therapist which she really
             | resonated with. It's slow work but I think it's been
             | helping.
        
           | thatcat wrote:
           | Has she tried cannabis? It prevents dream memory formation
           | and can help with nightmares
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | Not yet. It's not legal here yet, though recently it's
             | softening up.
             | 
             | But we've talked about it, though mostly to reduce her
             | anxiety. If it can help with nightmares as well, then would
             | indeed be quite interesting.
        
               | MaxfordAndSons wrote:
               | +1 to this. As a long time cannabis user who is quite
               | skeptical of many of the purported health benefits, this
               | is one I'm not at all skeptical about. It's actually just
               | the other side of the coin of the degraded short/mid term
               | memory that is a well known downside of habitual cannabis
               | use. But as someone with frequent, vivid nightmares when
               | I'm sober, I can attest that cannabis effectively blocks
               | my ability to remember most dreams - which again is a
               | mixed bag, as I enjoy recalling happy or neutral dream,
               | but when I'm stressed being able to basically opt out of
               | vivid nightmares is a huge boon.
        
             | pdntspa wrote:
             | In my experience you need a pretty high tolerance and smoke
             | pretty regularly for it to start preventing dreaming. When
             | I intentionally reduced my tolerance to very low levels I
             | started having dreams again.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | i mean if you are consuming daily in the evenings you
               | will develop a high tolerance
        
               | swed420 wrote:
               | As someone with a tolerance, I've learned that consuming
               | too close to bedtime will cause me to have difficulty
               | falling asleep, and also not enter REM sleep.
               | 
               | However, by consuming throughout the day on a daily basis
               | but stopping by late afternoon or early evening, my sleep
               | and dreaming is vastly improved.
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | The reason you don't dream is it prevents the rem cycle.
               | It might help in falling asleep but your sleep quality
               | suffers.
        
           | tonis2 wrote:
           | Bad gut health screwed up my sleep, after working on it it
           | got better. But if im not careful with what I eat, my sleep
           | quality is screwed again
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | While I don't doubt that for a second, she's had her issues
             | before when she didn't care too much about what she ate,
             | compared to last few years where she's been actively eating
             | healthy.
             | 
             | There's certainly a correlation for my self though.
        
           | canadiantim wrote:
           | She should try ketamine. Sounds like it's exactly what you
           | say, past trauma, that's holding her back from a good nights
           | sleep. Ketamine has done wonders for someone I love and I
           | would wholeheartedly recommend it. The person in my life who
           | benefited greatly from it only needed one weekend (2
           | relatively low to medium dose sessions of ketamine) and she
           | was cured of her ptsd.
           | 
           | Also strongly recommend weighted blankets, especially for
           | someone like your SO.
           | 
           | All the best eh
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | We've investigated ketamine treatment, which does indeed
             | sound very interesting. However very few clinics here that
             | offer it, though it seems to have improved recently.
             | Definitely will follow up on this.
        
               | canadiantim wrote:
               | I'm from Canada but still I went to one in Iowa, called
               | Driftless Integrative Psychiatry. I can whole heartedly
               | recommend it, the therapist is an absolute gem of a human
               | being. It's maybe on the bit more expensive side but it
               | was a one off expense and has been one of the best
               | decisions we've ever made.
               | 
               | There's lots popping up now though. Even in Canada I
               | thought we'd have trouble getting support from our family
               | doctor but she was actually supportive so now if we look
               | to do any more can just get referral from the GP here and
               | do it in toronto.
               | 
               | Definitely do hope you give it a try, might be just what
               | your SO has been looking for. Also seriously don't
               | discount the weighted blanket!
        
               | Horffupolde wrote:
               | You just need one clinic there that offers it. Why is the
               | relative number relevant?
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | I'm sad that you were downvoted. I've suffered from
             | depression episodes throughout my life, which could often
             | lead to a "doom loop" of waking up every night between 2-3
             | AM (early morning waking is a common feature of
             | depression), and then the insomnia made my depression
             | worse.
             | 
             | I had been in therapy for nearly 15 years, and I while I
             | wasn't on antidepressants long term, I had taken them for a
             | couple episodes in the past. For my most recent episode
             | (partially brought on by a particularly bad prolonged
             | string of insomnia) I was having constant suicidal
             | thoughts. I went in and had a ketamine session - I'm
             | reluctant to talk to much about the details of my ketamine
             | trip, because one theory I have for why it worked well for
             | me is that I didn't have any preconceived notions about
             | what I'd experience, and I specifically didn't want to get
             | my hopes up.
             | 
             | The next morning I was singing in the shower. If there was
             | ever a substance that I believed "miracle drug" fit the
             | bill, for me it was ketamine. It helped me develop a whole
             | new outlook on life and how I related to myself. I know
             | that I was very lucky (my psychiatrist says I am a
             | "ketamine responder") and not everyone has that same
             | response. For me, though, I firmly believe ketamine
             | treatment saved my life.
        
           | zachkatz wrote:
           | If the problem is psychological trauma, wouldn't therapy be
           | the obvious solution?
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | The root cause is psychological, but it's manifested itself
             | in physical changes. She's hyper-sensitive to certain
             | sounds for example, which causes her to not be able to fall
             | asleep, or to abruptly wake up. Mostly low frequency
             | sounds, so hard to block.
             | 
             | But yeah, as I mention in a reply to a sibling comment,
             | she's tried therapy for years without much progress, though
             | recently making some progress on that front.
        
               | ajb wrote:
               | I am sensitive to low frequency sounds . The thing that
               | seems to work for me is to play thunderstorm sounds, with
               | isolating earphones. Because this sound has a high degree
               | of randomness across the frequency spectrum, and its
               | spectrum varies randomly over short timescales as well,
               | external noise is masked even if it's still audible -
               | because the brain can easily fit it into the thunderstorm
               | pattern, and so doesn't get triggered by it.
               | 
               | Your milage may vary of course
        
               | verticalscaler wrote:
               | I know it really sucks and have struggled with it myself
               | for a long time. Two things really worked for me.
               | 
               | Try these: https://www.loopearplugs.com/products/quiet
               | 
               | And at the same time have some calming barely perceptible
               | background noise from a speaker somewhere in the room.
               | White noise, brown noise, lofi, whatever works. Make sure
               | the bedroom has blackout curtains and soft light.
               | 
               | As for cannabis, she doesn't have to smoke it.
               | Appropriate edibles will knock her to sleep. Doesn't have
               | to be a permanent thing either, breaking the cycle and
               | getting good sleep for a few weeks is life changing and
               | may be the start of a virtuous cycle instead.
               | 
               | I recommend both of you enjoy this video together:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mK2iXQm4LJs
               | 
               | Good luck!
        
               | magicalhippo wrote:
               | Thanks, much appreciated.
               | 
               | Just saw they very recently approved some canabis oil
               | drops for medicinal use here, so that might also be an
               | option.
        
           | CooCooCaCha wrote:
           | How healthy is she in general? Does she eat well? Exercise?
           | Have a consistent night routing? Has she tried melatonin?
           | What about sleep apnea?
           | 
           | If she's sensitive to sound and light, what has she tried to
           | address that? Like blackout curtains?
           | 
           | I find it a bit odd that sleep clinics would turn her away so
           | readily.
           | 
           | I understand the struggle though which is why I asked so many
           | questions, because all of these things have factored into my
           | quest for better sleep. The psychological stuff is hard.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > I find it a bit odd that sleep clinics would turn her
             | away so readily.
             | 
             | I don't. I've had significant problems with insomnia in the
             | past, and in general I've found that sleep clinics really
             | only focus on two issues:
             | 
             | 1. Restless leg syndrome
             | 
             | 2. Sleep Apnea
             | 
             | Beyond that, there really isn't much they can do besides
             | (1) recommending standard "sleep hygiene" stuff, or (2)
             | drugs, which all come with various tradeoffs.
        
           | karencarits wrote:
           | Psychoanalysis might be useful, it is my understanding that
           | it can deal with complex issues where simpler forms of
           | therapy fails
        
           | scrps wrote:
           | Has she considered PTSD? It sounds a lot like it and there
           | has been promising work around PTSD from what I have seen in
           | passing.
        
           | QuantumGood wrote:
           | Promethazine (1) helps some people, myself included (UK
           | Sominex). And occasionally, phenibut.
           | 
           | (1) https://www.inhousepharmacy.vu/p-1189-phenergan-
           | tablets-25mg...
        
           | milesvp wrote:
           | I've been watching a lot of healthy gamer youtube channel,
           | the host likes to really geek out on brain science. One of
           | the big take aways I've gotten watching him, is that sleep
           | serves a layered purpose psychologically (and physically as
           | per this article), that you work through social problems,
           | then physical problems, then consolidating memory, sort of in
           | that order.
           | 
           | One of the study tricks that the host figured out, was that
           | if you want to memorize something, you should get rid of all
           | the other things you don't want to learn, and that journaling
           | is amazingly good at that. Basically if you write down all
           | the things you don't want to remember, it sort of leaves
           | space to move things to long term memory.
           | 
           | I say all this, because I've been experimenting with
           | journaling at night, and it really helps with some of the
           | restless nights where it feels like something is keeping me
           | awake. It's not a magic bullet, and it takes effort, but it
           | may help to write down the things bothering your partner
           | prior to sleep to allow for some of the "less important"
           | processes to happen.
        
           | softsound wrote:
           | Learning to control your dreams is what I did with my
           | nightmares, at some point it becomes so easy you can do it on
           | command but... It doesn't always work and requires extra
           | energy to stay in control often leaving me falling asleep in
           | my dreams which ironically means I don't sleep well. And
           | there are still nightmares I get, just had one a few days ago
           | that left me too afraid to sleep again. Still, I think it's
           | overall a good long term skill about building mental
           | awareness. I learned it as a child on my own, and I believe
           | adults can also learn it by simply studying their environment
           | often and looking if anything else is amiss or "unrealistic".
           | Sometimes you can also ask yourself questions before bed, and
           | try to use visualization before sleeping or sleeping to sound
           | or audiobooks to help you relax too. My family has a history
           | of being more prone to spiritual and psychology issues so
           | bring aware of family history can also sometimes make you idk
           | feel less alone too. Just being able to shift the narrative
           | can mean a lot and give you power when you feel powerless
           | sometimes, but it can be tough to get there but baby steps
           | can make a huge difference. Something I personally did as a
           | child when I felt afraid was to visualize a golden warm light
           | around me almost like a bubble, it didn't always work but I
           | guess it helped to get away from negative thoughts by trying
           | to focus on something protective for me. Soft repetition also
           | seems helpful because it's predictable so perhaps finding
           | something predictable may help too. And maybe looking into
           | CPTSD.
        
       | art3m wrote:
       | I read about it few years ago in Matthew Walker's book "Why we
       | sleep".
        
       | niemandhier wrote:
       | _Notably, synthesized waves generated through transcranial
       | optogenetic stimulation substantially potentiated cerebrospinal
       | fluid-to-interstitial fluid perfusion._
       | 
       | No wonder Musk is interested in this area of research.
       | 
       | This line indicates that with an optigenetic implant you can
       | substitute sleep with something more efficient.
        
         | Staple_Diet wrote:
         | I'm sorry but your comment is incredibly I'll informed.
         | 
         | Not only because you think Musk is any where near the leader in
         | the implant space, but more so that you don't understand
         | optogenetics. The device referenced here was transcranial
         | (i.e., non-invasive) but regardless optogenetics requires
         | tagging specific neurons with an opsin (usually via viral
         | vector).
         | 
         | I'm sorry for being curt but this is the 4th or 5th
         | neuroscience post in the last 72h that HN have blasted with
         | shit takes. If I wanted misunderstood science I'd revive my
         | Reddit account.
        
           | deprecative wrote:
           | HN is great but it's only illusory that it has smarter people
           | than Reddit. We're all just people rising to our incompetence
           | to the limit the system allows.
        
           | niemandhier wrote:
           | I am very aware how optogenetics works, I wasted some part of
           | my live getting channelrhodopsins into cells to trigger
           | neurons.
           | 
           | Yes you are right one would probably use transient gene
           | therapy tho make a modification like that, but transcranial
           | methods are afaik for human adults less suitable since the
           | structures lying above the stuff you usually want to
           | stimulate are simply too thick, so a hypothetical sleep
           | replacement machine would probably need to be an implant.
           | That is unless you can use self-refocusing lasers or
           | holograms for stimulation, but I do not see how one would do
           | this unless you replace most of the skull with glass.
           | 
           | The point with Musk was a joke more or less.
           | 
           | Though it's true that he is probably the only person both
           | morally ambiguous enough to even try to build a dystopian
           | sleep replacement machine and capable of getting funding for
           | it.
           | 
           | Maybe a Reddit account is a good idea.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | I thought this was the prevailing theory anyway? Is this just
       | confirming that?
        
       | koenraad wrote:
       | I immediately start to think about the effect of smartphone
       | related waves in the room while sleeping.
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | Brain waves are approximately in the 1hz to 100hz range. While
         | smartphone waves are much higher frequency. AC however is
         | 50/60hz depending on country. Maybe I'm overly cautious, but I
         | have a thick wire that runs right next to the natural spot for
         | my pillow I very intentionally put the pillow on the other side
         | of the bed.
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I was diagnosed with sleep apnea about six months ago. Once I
       | started getting treatment for it (losing weight, cutting out
       | caffeine, and an oral appliance) my life started getting
       | dramatically better.
       | 
       | I had never taken sleep very seriously prior to that and I feel
       | extremely foolish for it. Life is 100x better if you get an
       | appropriate amount of sleep. Everything becomes a little easier.
        
         | mad0 wrote:
         | How did you recognize that it was sleep apnea? Have you snored
         | at night?
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | You have dedicated facilities who let you sleep there and
           | monitor you. But apnea can be easily seen, the person has
           | gaps in breathing during some parts of sleep, gasping.
           | Snoring can be one of the symptoms but reverse is not
           | automatically true.
           | 
           | My boss was diagnosed with apnea in his 30s. It was so bad
           | they didn't believe his first test results and had to redo
           | it, off the charts. According to him it literally killed his
           | father. Once he started using the device for sleeping he had
           | 100x more mental and physical energy, everything was just
           | easier.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | I was snoring, and in my case my wife told me there would be
           | moments of kind of disturbing moments where I would stop
           | breathing and then gasp multiple times a night.
           | 
           | In my case, I was able to take a sleep test from a doctor
           | which was basically just a pulse oximeter I wore while
           | sleeping.
        
       | feverzsj wrote:
       | In case you didn't know, sleeping on your right side maximizes
       | the clearance effect, while sleeping on your stomach minimizes
       | it.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | Wait.. was that in the paper or is there a different source for
         | this?
        
         | 10c8 wrote:
         | Could you point us to the source?
        
           | feverzsj wrote:
           | The Effect of Body Posture on Brain Glymphatic Transport
           | 
           | [0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524974/#!po
           | =72...
        
         | throw310822 wrote:
         | [in mice]
        
         | Solvency wrote:
         | And yet sleeping on your back contributes to snoring and sleep
         | apnea.
         | 
         | Humans. Just can't win can they.
        
         | bluerooibos wrote:
         | Citation? I've always read that for humans it's better to sleep
         | on the left, for digestion anyway.
        
         | calibas wrote:
         | In some branches of yoga, they strongly encourage you to sleep
         | on your right side. I always thought it was nonsense...
        
       | VinLucero wrote:
       | I wonder if anyone has done a study yet on how the Glymphatic
       | nervous system is impacted by rTMS (repetitive transcranial
       | magnetic stimulation) instead of drugs (pharmacological
       | solutions).
       | 
       | Anyone deep into this field around?
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | Would be interesting to know if the waste that gets cleared out
       | is similar to the wastes eliminated by autophagy.
        
       | pwdisswordfishc wrote:
       | Great, now how do I sleep inside a mouse?
        
       | jncfhnb wrote:
       | I recall a study a while back that suggested sleep flushing
       | toxins was the reason lack of sleep was fatal; and that they
       | prevented it with some drugs
       | 
       | In rats or something
        
       | ww520 wrote:
       | Sounds like the brain is doing garbage collection during sleep.
        
         | WXLCKNO wrote:
         | Simulation confirmed.
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | Try this metaphor:
         | 
         | Your brain is a movie theater. When it's in use it's all bright
         | lights and gripping soundtrack and shiny shiny. But once in a
         | while you have to chase out the Observers and shut down the
         | projector and then go grab a hose and ruthlessly flush out all
         | the tracked-in mud and popcorn remnants and stepped-on gummy
         | bears and who the hell knows what other gunk.
        
       | BenFranklin100 wrote:
       | One of the traits/habits I've been fortunate to have/cultivate is
       | daily afternoon napping. I can rest my head and fall asleep in
       | minutes and then wake back up 15 minutes later feeling
       | cognitively refreshed. I've done this since my teenage years and
       | throughout adulthood.
       | 
       | Short, intentional, regular napping is associated with a lower
       | risks of dementia. This is different from increased, longer,
       | napping seen in older adults. Longer naps in older adults is
       | associated with Alzheimer's. See this summary:
       | 
       | https://www.alzdiscovery.org/cognitive-vitality/blog/can-nap...
       | 
       | It will be interesting to see if further research in humans can
       | pinpoint a plausible causal mechanism in adult for both regular
       | night time sleep and intentional short daytime napping. This
       | might encourage companies to put in 'sleep pods' or at least
       | remove the stigma of adult napping.
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | I find that even just 2 or 3 minutes unconscious still helps a
         | lot. The Minimum Viable Nap is pretty minimal.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-03-16 23:01 UTC)