[HN Gopher] Oregon passes right-to-repair law Apple lobbied to kill
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       Oregon passes right-to-repair law Apple lobbied to kill
        
       Author : Lariscus
       Score  : 458 points
       Date   : 2024-03-14 11:42 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.techdirt.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.techdirt.com)
        
       | resource_waste wrote:
       | Maybe I read too much philosophy, but why doesnt anyone see that
       | when Apple lobbies the government they are doing something
       | measurably immoral(If you subscribe to ethical institution).
       | 
       | Neurotransmitters signaling pain happen throughout our human
       | population with these anti-consumer acts.
       | 
       | What I can't understand is: If a single human lobbied the
       | government for a selfish cause, they would be an a-hole. Why is
       | this different?
       | 
       | I'm all for an equal playing field, lets all go Realpolitik,
       | everyone goes amoral. I just find it odd and a bit frustrating
       | that corporations can commit immoral acts but humans cannot. I
       | imagine this causes inequality.
        
         | Drakim wrote:
         | Modern capitalism has created a sort of new type of nobility
         | out of corporations, a layer of entities above that of
         | citizens. Just as you say, their actions are not judged by the
         | same standard we'd use for normal people, and they can actually
         | just get away with fines for breaking laws that would land
         | normal people in jail. And actions we'd deep deeply immoral for
         | normal people to engage in are morally acceptable for them.
        
           | sQL_inject wrote:
           | I would refine your statement slightly, it's modern
           | corporatism, not capitalism.
           | 
           | We hold corporations in too high of regard and have
           | intermingled what should be free and open exchange of money
           | and goods with governmental power, lobbying.
        
             | Drakim wrote:
             | Sure, but names aren't what's important here. It's the
             | logical conclusion to capitalism, even if it's more fitting
             | to call it corporatism.
             | 
             | Either the government is big and the corporations lobbies
             | and gets undue influence over how society and it's laws
             | operates though the government, or the government is small
             | and the corporations get undue influence over how society
             | and it's law operates though sheer unregulated societal
             | power. The group who controls your means of getting food,
             | shelter, medicine, and information will have power over
             | your life, and will bend the rules to their advantage using
             | that power.
        
           | willcipriano wrote:
           | Boss: "If you don't like the pay they can find another job"
           | 
           | You: "I found another job"
           | 
           | Boss: "What about loyalty? Are you a job hopper?"
           | 
           | You feel bad for some reason.
           | 
           | The morality we were taught in preschool largely serves the
           | interests of the elite. Things like "if someone does you
           | wrong, don't seek revenge, forgive them" are really helpful
           | messages to have ingrained in society when you are a
           | corporate looter with a name and a address.
        
         | latexr wrote:
         | You're starting from the assumption that no one thinks what
         | Apple is doing is wrong or immoral, but that isn't true. They
         | have been and continue to be criticised to no end, for this
         | very matter and others, including on Hacker News.
         | 
         | Search for Apple and Right to Repair as keywords and see for
         | yourself. Add Louis Rossmann to the mix and you can't miss it.
        
         | alistairSH wrote:
         | Personally, I'm just jaded. Corporations have acted this way as
         | long as I can remember. I just accept that corporations act
         | like sociopaths and the people running the large corporations
         | are more interested in buying a new yacht than doing the right
         | thing.
        
           | sumtechguy wrote:
           | Apple changed in about 1996. When Steve Jobs came back he
           | ended all of that 3rd party business. It was costing his
           | company money. They went from a starting to thrive secondary
           | clone market. To a closed off eco system pretty much
           | overnight. It used to be fairly easy to get info on parts and
           | what to do from Apple. That singular act saved Apple from
           | becoming the next IBM. However, it doomed the rest of us to
           | this weird dynamic of Apple choosing when to help the little
           | guy out or not. Usually it seems to fall on the 'not' side.
           | If Apple had always been this way it would not be as
           | frustrating.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | To play the devil's advocate, the US economic system doesn't
         | have a clear notion of what is selfish or not.
         | 
         | One reason why lobbying is allowed in the first place is to let
         | corporations express what is good and bad for them and have
         | their interests in the balance. The assumption is what's good
         | for corporations increases the overall market and benefits
         | society.
         | 
         | Doubting that assumption is probably out of the current
         | overtone window[edited]
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | Knowing both sides of the argument around this topic and apple,
         | it's not hard to understand why apple has a compelling argument
         | and why it still deserves to be heard.
         | 
         | You have to remember that tons of people have near zero tech
         | awareness, and regardless of the laws, will just bring their
         | iPhone to the Apple store if it breaks. The same way people
         | still go to dealers to fix their car, even out of warranty.
         | 
         | This means Apple can say "Hey, give us full control of your
         | phone repairs, and we can kill the theft market for iPhones.
         | You are going to come to us anyway, so might as well let us end
         | iPhone theft too"
         | 
         | So this is why lawmakers still sit down with Apple. And the
         | generous lunches.
         | 
         | (Apple DRM'ing all the internal hardware does effectively make
         | stolen iphones completely worthless, in whole or in parts.)
         | 
         | -For the record, I have personally written my senator before
         | asking him to support right to repair laws.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I wonder what would happen if the law required devices with
           | unpaired parts to be available, but still allowing the sale
           | of devices with paired parts.
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | If there would be enough unpaired devices in the wild, both
             | types of devices would get stolen (or, worse, robbed, with
             | risk of bodily harm). Thieves would not return the ones
             | that are worthless to them to their owners (why would they
             | take that risk?). So, it would make the protection
             | worthless for those willing to opt-in.
             | 
             | And no, making it somewhat easy to check whether a phone is
             | locked down wouldn't help. Thieves and robbers won't spend
             | even a second to do that check while still near the crime
             | scene. It would have to be absolutely obvious (say by
             | having orange and black devices) for thieves to not steal
             | the locked-down ones.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Presumably the unpaired parts would pair after being
               | installed
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | Apple has had the full control on supply, and it hasn't
           | killed the theft market, the same way having control on
           | anything you can install on a iGadget has killed the scam
           | industry, so if we need to get a phone stolen, might as well
           | make it repairable, how long since we start classifying apple
           | arguments as pure marketing detached from reality?
        
           | dns_snek wrote:
           | > (Apple DRM'ing all the internal hardware does effectively
           | make stolen iphones completely worthless, in whole or in
           | parts.)
           | 
           | This claim, or to be more specific, the claim that this
           | reduces theft, is missing evidence. Are iPhones really being
           | stolen at a substantially lower rate than other brands,
           | correlating with implementation of these locks?
        
             | pchristensen wrote:
             | Lots of articles starting 2013 that Activation Lock reduced
             | theft by measurable amounts. I couldn't figure out how to
             | search for articles about drm'ed parts.
        
             | tombert wrote:
             | Sample size of one, and anecdotal at that, but someone
             | snatched my iPhone out of my hands last July and ran away.
             | I of course reported it stolen to the police and locked it
             | down in FindMy, so in theory I think it's a brick, but I
             | don't think that the fact that it was an iPhone really
             | deterred them from stealing it from me.
             | 
             | They actually tried to extort $300 from me to get it back
             | which I of course would not pay, but maybe there's still a
             | market in that for some people?
        
           | jancsika wrote:
           | > So this is why lawmakers still sit down with Apple. And the
           | generous lunches.
           | 
           | I have to say, this sounds trivially false, and I don't think
           | I'm nitpicking.
           | 
           | Lawmakers sit down with Apple because Apple has an enormous
           | amount of money and power.
           | 
           |  _After_ some of these lawmakers sit down for lunch with the
           | lobbyist, _perhaps_ they make the assessment that what Apple
           | is asking for is still doable /ethical/practical/etc.
           | 
           | Edit: clarification
        
         | cqqxo4zV46cp wrote:
         | This comes across as teenage thoughts masquerading as
         | philosophy. "Neurotransmitters signalling pain...". What?
         | Massive citation needed. Words mean things. "People get sad
         | about things, yet things happen" is thought-terminating
         | nonsense.
         | 
         | Nobody, not even Tim Cook, considers themselves the Bad Guy.
         | The real world doesn't work like that. This situation is
         | certainly more nuanced than you're making it out to be. If
         | you've been part of basically any discussion about this topic,
         | you'd see that there are multiple sides. Starting from a
         | position of "my preconceived view is correct and no other view
         | exists" is intellectually dishonest and wilful ignorance.
        
         | yungporko wrote:
         | does anybody _not_ see it? isn 't the issue just that we're
         | powerless to stop it?
        
         | Goronmon wrote:
         | _...when Apple lobbies the government they are doing something
         | measurably immoral_
         | 
         | Would you consider this to be true if the government was on the
         | wrong side of an issue?
         | 
         | Say politicians wanted to pass a law that every internet search
         | query needed to reviewed and approved by a human before search
         | results could be displayed. Would it be "measurably immoral"
         | for Google to lobby against this law?
        
         | finnjohnsen2 wrote:
         | > Neurotransmitters signaling pain happen throughout our human
         | population
         | 
         | I love this formulation
        
         | ribit wrote:
         | Why would you think that replacement part authentication is
         | immoral? Quite in contrary, I'd say it's an important safety
         | feature for devices that have access to extremely sensitive
         | data. It's just important that the user has the authorization
         | rights, and not the company.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | Did anyone mention parts authentication? Regardless, you seem
           | to have answered the question you raised. Concepts like parts
           | authentication and secure boot are great in theory. The
           | immoral part is their implementation. They're designed to
           | wrestle the post-sale control of devices away from the
           | customer and consolidate it in the hands of the manufacturer.
           | Besides the subversion of the concept of ownership itself,
           | this leads to increased cost of device ownership in many
           | different ways.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Its a bit like PR stunt for the techies here, while giving
             | master keys to whole cloud to NSA behind the doors. And to
             | claim this will never-ever-pinky-promise-happen we shall
             | show it on some highly publicized FBI case.
             | 
             | Maybe there were good intentions in the beginning and path
             | was truly a good one, but not for a nanosecond do I believe
             | they really made it 100%. Phone is simply not a secure
             | device, doesn't matter who manufactures it, period. Neither
             | are all the networks used to connect anywhere.
             | 
             | If all this lowers theft its a good strategy overall, but
             | with terrible misguided marketing.
        
               | dns_snek wrote:
               | Actual techies are interested in the inner workings and
               | can see past marketing. The group you're referring to is
               | either the wider public that doesn't have the technical
               | expertise to analyze the claims made, or Apple loyalists
               | who uncritically accept and defend Apple's reasoning.
               | 
               | If this had anything to do with theft, Apple would only
               | blacklist parts which were inside the device at the time
               | of theft, and otherwise provide "pairing" tools for free.
        
         | CharlesW wrote:
         | > _Maybe I read too much philosophy..._
         | 
         | Or maybe not enough? Several philosophical frameworks are
         | perfectly compatible with Apple doing legal things to benefit
         | themselves and their customers.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | Companies are just a trick to make you think they're not made
         | of of people when in fact it's just a mask for decisions made
         | by real fleshy humans. When a company does something immoral it
         | is because a human at the company did something immoral.
        
       | Kon-Peki wrote:
       | The text of this law is here [1]. The formatting is ridiculously
       | bad, which makes it extremely hard to read: Subsections within
       | subsections within subsections with approximately zero
       | indentation.
       | 
       | Anyway, as far as I can tell, this law defines an independent
       | repair provider as someone with a valid and unexpired
       | certification demonstrating that they have the "technical
       | capabilities and competence necessary to safely, securely and
       | reliably repair consumer electronic equipment" and that the
       | manufacturer is allowed to decide which certifications they
       | trust.
       | 
       | Without these certifications, you are not an independent repair
       | provider and manufacturers can refuse to allow you to do
       | anything. You can be just an average person repairing your own
       | device, in which case the manufacturer must work with you. But
       | you can expect to be forced to prove that you own the device
       | before that happens.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Downloads/Meas...
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | It's the same for doing work on your house. If you're the owner
         | you don't need to be licensed to do most repairs or renovations
         | but to work on other people's houses you need certification.
         | 
         | Not saying it's a good system, just that it's consistent.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | The difference being is that electricians are certified by a
           | real and reputable body and manufacturers don't get to pick
           | and choose.
           | 
           | No doubt they will weaponise this ability
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | No they won't. The disconnect between computer programming
             | and law is a rich and perennial source of amusement here on
             | Hacker News.
             | 
             | What happens if the manufacturer decides to be
             | unreasonable, by saying that no industry standard of
             | certification is acceptable, or just the one organization
             | they founded themselves, or that sort of thing, is that
             | they get a sharply-worded letter from the Oregon DA. If
             | they don't sort it out then legal action will be taken. So
             | they're not going to do that in the first place, because
             | everyone actually involved in this stuff already knows
             | that.
             | 
             | The law isn't compiled. Its function relies on a common
             | understanding of context which is the major course of study
             | in law school. If a CEO ordered a company to do the sort of
             | thing you're proposing, it would be against the advice of
             | council.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | No, this would be like if the city's electrical supply house
           | got to choose what counted as an electrical qualification.
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | > Without these certifications, you are not an independent
         | repair provider and manufacturers can refuse to allow you to do
         | anything.
         | 
         | If this is true, it doesn't seem like it's actually "right to
         | repair" at all.
        
           | delfinom wrote:
           | Yep this law is just a giant handout to the industry.
           | 
           | I wouldn't be surprised if they use this law to now sue
           | "uncertified" repair shops.
        
             | ZanyProgrammer wrote:
             | Yes, it's such a giant handout that Apple came out against
             | it.
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | The implicit claim being made in this sarcastic comment
               | is that it's not possible for a law to be detrimental to
               | one company while unfairly favoring another.
               | 
               | Which, of course, is obviously false when you think about
               | it.
        
               | digging wrote:
               | Which major tech companies would it be good for while
               | being bad for Apple? Keeping in mind that the owner of a
               | device is also allowed to repair without certification.
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | Where did I say "major"?
        
               | afavour wrote:
               | The OP said "a giant handout to the industry". If you're
               | trying to make a point that excludes all the major
               | players in the tech industry then by all means go ahead
               | but it isn't the conversation you joined.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | I imagine the parable of Brer Rabbit and the Briar Patch
               | is largely lost on today's audiences. More's the pity.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | What mechanism in this law do you propose allows them to
             | sue repair shops?
        
           | AaronM wrote:
           | I read things differently. Several sections clearly reference
           | the owner of a device. For example under section C part i
           | 
           | (C) Makes parts available directly or through an authorized
           | service provider to: (i) An independent repair provider or an
           | owner at costs and on terms that are equivalent to the most
           | favorable costs and terms at which the original equipment
           | manufacturer offers the parts to an authorized service
           | provider and that:
           | 
           | the word owner shows up 17 times in the bill, and seems to
           | give the same rights to an owner, that an authorized repair
           | shop has.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | The subtle point in that sentence might be "provider OR an
             | owner", as opposed to "provider AND an owner".
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | The law there is defining two categories manufacturers
               | need to provide the parts to, changing it to AND would
               | mean owners would have to be certified repair people to
               | be covered.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | Not trying to take a dig at your comment, but for others
               | struggling to parse (as much as I was) what it was trying
               | to say, here is the trick that helped me - place a comma
               | right before "changing" or treat that word as the start
               | of a new sentence.
        
               | olliej wrote:
               | There was an entire lawsuit about the presence or absence
               | of an Oxford comma in some law, possibly even in Oregon?
               | 
               | [edit: boo it was Maine! Happily "Oxford comma lawsuit"
               | is sufficient search term:
               | https://www.npr.org/2017/03/23/521274657/the-10-million-
               | laws...]
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Very fair I don't do the best job going and clarifying my
               | comments some times. They come out a bit stream of
               | consciousness. I did see your comment in time to make the
               | change at least.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | All good, no worries. I have the same tendency for
               | writing singular sentences that should've honestly been
               | paragraphs instead.
               | 
               | I've got some feedback about it at work, so now I
               | genuinely try to be a bit better about it. It is a bit
               | easier for me to be mindful of it on HN, but, as evident
               | by my comment history, I am still far from being
               | consistently good about it.
               | 
               | It is still often a "stream of consciousness written down
               | as I would speak it outloud", but now I at least started
               | doublechecking the punctuation (or lack of it) for any
               | potential confusion it could create before hitting send.
        
               | basil-rash wrote:
               | There's tons of prior art in Law saying that And and Or
               | are the same thing and can be interpreted interchangeably
               | based on context.
               | 
               | Much to the chagrin of the computer scientists who think
               | it's some sort of robust formal specification for civil
               | society.
        
               | throw10920 wrote:
               | > based on context
               | 
               | Does this specific context allow for interchanging?
        
               | AaronM wrote:
               | The bill clearly defines an independent service provider
               | and an owner as different entities.
        
               | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
               | WANTED: DEAD AND ALIVE
        
               | cutemonster wrote:
               | If you look at "wanted" to be prefixed to everything in
               | the list, it'd expand to: "wanted: dead, and wanted:
               | alive".
               | 
               | While this: "Wanted: dead or alive"
               | 
               | could be interpreted as: "We haven't decided yet what we
               | actually want, if it's dead, or alive, but it's one of
               | those".
               | 
               | Then it can be good to give them (the police) a call and
               | ask if they have decided yet, before you go looking for
               | the wanted person
        
               | tcmart14 wrote:
               | Obviously they want Schrodinger's criminal. You must get
               | them before their wave function collapses.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > Much to the chagrin of the computer scientists who
               | think it's some sort of robust formal specification for
               | civil society.
               | 
               | Law is actually code, just written in a language that is
               | full of UB and you need to have if run on the system to
               | know exactly what it does, the system being the hierarchy
               | of jurisdictions.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | > Law is actually code, just written in a language that
               | is full of UB
               | 
               | Which is why legalese exists. To try to limit undefined
               | behavior by being extremely verbose to cut out any
               | loopholes.
               | 
               | Like...imagine a kid jumping on their bed. Mom says "Stop
               | jumping on the bed!" and the kids stops. Comes back to
               | the kid's room later, kid is jumping on the bed again,
               | tells the kid to stop. Kid says "I'm not jumping, I'm
               | hopping!" and goes into a diatribe about the difference
               | between jumping and hopping, mom says to stop hopping and
               | leaves. Goes back again later, kid is STILL jumping on
               | the bed, and mom is angry! "You said no jumping or
               | hopping, I'm not doing either, I'm bouncing!"
               | 
               | Eventually the mom has to say something like "Do not
               | jump, hop, bounce, spring, leap, or otherwise propel
               | yourself upwards or laterally from the bed, mattress, or
               | any other part of furniture intended for sleeping".
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | Great example.
               | 
               | And then it goes on even further, because she did not
               | say, that the kid must never "propel themselves upwards
               | or laterally from the bed", and only stopped that action
               | in that moment ...
        
               | rolph wrote:
               | https://yt.artemislena.eu/watch?v=4AyjKgz9tKg [video]
        
             | Kon-Peki wrote:
             | That's what I'm saying. It looks like _you_ can repair
             | _your_ device. But you can 't repair devices for anyone
             | else without a mountain of certifications.
             | 
             | They're going to kill the independent repair industry.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | > They're going to kill the independent repair industry.
               | 
               | This bill does not kill anything that is not already
               | dead.
        
               | hiatus wrote:
               | It's one thing to fix things for yourself, and a whole
               | other kind of thing to hold yourself out to the public as
               | an expert in something. Kind of like how you can defend
               | yourself in court but not someone else unless you are a
               | lawyer. Though I would be surprised if the law were
               | written such that you couldn't repair someone else's
               | device, so long as you did not receive compensation for
               | it.
        
               | zelphirkalt wrote:
               | So as a non-certified repairer, you have to offer a city
               | tour around the block, at a ridiculously high price, and
               | then repair the device at no additional cost. All a
               | matter of perspective.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > without a mountain of certifications.
               | 
               | It's not a mountain of certificates, you just need one of
               | many different options.
               | 
               | They explicitly mention A+ which I assume is the CompTIA
               | one.[0] Yeah, I'm not going to say it doesn't suck to
               | have to pay $250, but there are free practice exams[1].
               | Here, I even took a screenshot of their sample
               | questions[2] there are things like                 Which
               | of the following password choices increases the chance
               | that a brute force attack will succeed?            A.
               | Dictionary words       B. Special characters       C.
               | Long passwords       D. Capital letters
               | 
               | I'm okay verifying that someone has this basic level of
               | competence. I would be surprised if any given Hacker News
               | user couldn't pass one of these tests without studying.
               | You need like a 78%...
               | 
               | But let's be real, if you're repairing for a friend, you
               | just fucking order the stuff for them and put in their
               | name and info (with their permission of course). The only
               | "for anyone else" part that requires certs is if you're
               | operating a business. I think you all are blowing this
               | part out of proportion. Mountains out of mole hills. I
               | know it is the internet and we like to complain without
               | knowing what we're complaining about, but come on...
               | 
               | [0] https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a
               | 
               | [1] https://www.comptia.org/training/resources/practice-
               | tests
               | 
               | [2] https://imgur.com/a/X1ajlAy
        
           | pierat wrote:
           | Well, it's the same state that won't "permit" a non-certified
           | engineer from recording and noting the time on a stoplight is
           | outside of law. (Note: he won a first amendment lawsuit, and
           | the state body used his formula in the end)
           | 
           | https://ij.org/press-release/oregon-engineer-makes-
           | history-w...
           | 
           | So yeah, when I see verbiage about certifications like this
           | as a barrier to repair electronics, it's pure protectionism
           | and the state impeding actual ownership rights over whatever
           | this crap is.
           | 
           | (Put bluntly, my hardware is mine. If I want to take it to
           | someone else for repair, that's 100% on me and my property
           | rights to decide that. 'CerTiFicAtIoN', especially with the
           | shit company or govt in question should have no say on who
           | can or cant fix MY hardware.)
        
             | AaronM wrote:
             | If you read the bill, they clearly differentiate between a
             | service provider and an owner. The bill does not require an
             | owner to be certified to purchase parts, manuals, tools or
             | make repairs. It does require the manufacture to make those
             | things available to both.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | So in theory I could buy the manuals, tools, and spare
               | parts, and bring them to Chuck over there who runs an
               | unaccredited repair shop? That doesn't seem awful.
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | The contention is whether or not you can fix someone
               | else's device without a certification. If you can only
               | fix your own device then that's useless to 90% of people
               | who are not technically adept enough to do it.
               | 
               | When I want to get a battery replaced I take my device to
               | the repair shop and they replace the battery. I don't ask
               | them if they are "certified". If they break something the
               | liability is on them. Every single repair shop I've ever
               | been to offers a warranty on their repair.
        
               | TylerE wrote:
               | You mean those actual businesses with business licenses?
               | Yeah, they're fine.
               | 
               | The guy ipersting out of The back of his car at a flea
               | market?
        
               | pierat wrote:
               | Who exactly certifies a repair shop???
               | 
               | The state, the company, or some 3rd party independent
               | org?
        
               | AaronM wrote:
               | If you read the bill it states that a shop must
               | "Possesses a valid and unexpired certification that
               | demonstrates that the person has the technical
               | capabilities and competence necessary to safely, securely
               | and reliably repair consumer electronic equipment in
               | accordance with widely accepted standards, such as a
               | Wireless Industry Service Excellence Certification, an A+
               | certification from the Computing Technology Industry
               | Association, a National Appliance Service Technician
               | Certification or another certification that an original
               | equipment manufacturer accepts as evidence that the
               | person can perform safe, secure and reliable repairs to
               | consumer electronic equipment that the original equipment
               | manufacturer makes or sells".
               | 
               | The bill also requires that a manufacturer does not
               | "impose a substantial condition, obligation or
               | restriction that is not reasonably necessary to enable an
               | independent repair provider or an owner to diagnose,
               | maintain, repair or update consumer electronic equipment
               | that the original equipment manufacturer makes or sells"
        
           | chalst wrote:
           | It also could be misused by Apple.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | They're just saying you need like a CompTIA certificate and
           | you can't just be some rando. But mind you, it also includes
           | anything YOU own, so if someone is able to act on your behalf
           | that's good enough too. Getting one of those certs to set up
           | shop isn't that hard. Probably just to prevent people from
           | mass ordering parts and redistributing.
        
           | cortesoft wrote:
           | The very next sentence says:
           | 
           | > You can be just an average person repairing your own
           | device, in which case the manufacturer must work with you.
        
         | WesternWind wrote:
         | I'm not a lawyer, but I don't think you are parsing that
         | correctly according to legal canons of construction. Generally
         | all language in a law must be considered relevant, and or
         | implies a disjunctive list. Finally permissive language like
         | such as grant discretion.
         | 
         | https://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/adjunct/dstevenson/2018Spring...
         | 
         | So the language says "...in accordance with widely accepted
         | standards, such as..." and lists stuff like A+ and WISE certs.
         | The per the OEM standards is probably best undrstood as
         | modifying the or another certification, so I think the language
         | you are referring to is allowing an additional certification
         | that the OEM considers valid.
         | 
         | It's unclear whether that means it counts as a widely accepted
         | standard, or is allowed even if it's not a widely accepted
         | standard, but pretty sure it's understood as modifying the last
         | antecedent, rather than the clause as a whole in a way that
         | eliminates the widely accepted standard portion..
         | 
         | It would require ignoring the widely accepted standard language
         | and several other departures from the canons of construction to
         | reasonably have the interpretation you use.
         | 
         | The language could be cleaner like they could use either and
         | two sub clauses, but it doesn't need to be.
         | 
         | "Possesses a valid and unexpired certification that
         | demonstrates that the person has the technical capabilities and
         | competence necessary to safely, securely and reliably repair
         | consumer electronic equipment in accordance with widely
         | accepted standards, such as a Wireless Industry Service
         | Excellence Certification, an A+ certification from the
         | Computing Technology Industry Association, a National Appliance
         | Service Technician Certification or another certification that
         | an original equipment manufacturer accepts as evidence that the
         | person can perform safe, secure and reliable repairs to
         | consumer electronic equipment that the original equipment
         | manufacturer makes or sells."
        
         | passwordoops wrote:
         | If that's the case then Apple must have been lobbying for show
         | or misdirection
        
         | da_chicken wrote:
         | > _The formatting is ridiculously bad, which makes it extremely
         | hard to read: Subsections within subsections within subsections
         | with approximately zero indentation._
         | 
         | This is normal for legislation. The problem is that fairly
         | often they end up with subsectioning so deep that you're
         | running into the right margin -- I got about six levels deep --
         | so they simply don't do it. However, it's still standard to
         | produce bills in PDF.
         | 
         | It does get easier with practice, but I still find myself
         | copying and pasting into a text editor to reformat it. It
         | actually is a helpful exercise just to read the law.
         | 
         | It's similar to reading a really long SQL query. Nobody formats
         | them the way you prefer, so format them as you read and you'll
         | force yourself to read the query with enough attention to
         | understand it. It's simply the best way to read the things.
         | 
         | > _Anyway, as far as I can tell, this law defines an
         | independent repair provider as someone with a valid and
         | unexpired certification demonstrating that they have the
         | "technical capabilities and competence necessary to safely,
         | securely and reliably repair consumer electronic equipment" and
         | that the manufacturer is allowed to decide which certifications
         | they trust._
         | 
         | That's true, but it also says:
         | 
         | "An original equipment manufacturer shall make available to an
         | owner or an independent repair provider on fair and reasonable
         | terms any documentation, tool, part or other device or
         | implement that the original equipment manufacturer makes
         | available to an authorized service provider for the purpose of
         | diagnosing, maintaining, repairing or updating consumer
         | electronic equipment that the original equipment manufacturer
         | makes or sells and that is sold or used in this state."
         | 
         | The critical bit is that _they have to supply owners, too_.
         | 
         | "Fair and reasonable terms" means:
         | 
         | A) Makes documentation available at no charge [except cost to
         | prep and print]
         | 
         | B) Makes tools for diagnosing, maintaining, repairing or
         | updating consumer electronic equipment available at no charge
         | and without impeding access to the tools or the efficient and
         | cost-effective use of the tools [except cost to prep and ship]
         | 
         | C) Makes parts available directly or through an authorized
         | service provider to independent repair providers or an owner at
         | costs and on terms that are equivalent to the most favorable
         | costs and terms at which the original equipment manufacturer
         | offers the parts to an authorized service provider [with a
         | bunch of limitations that try to ensure the OEM can't cheat].
         | Oh, and [there's limtations that authorized service providers
         | have to be fair and reasonable to owners and independent repair
         | providers, too].
         | 
         | AND, they can no longer use parts pairing to prevent third
         | party replacement parts.
         | 
         | So:
         | 
         | 1. An owner has a right to documentation at cost
         | 
         | 2. An owner has a right to tools at cost
         | 
         | 3. An owner has a right to replacement parts
         | 
         | 4. Replacement parts going forward (essentially) can't employ
         | parts pairing.
         | 
         | So, yeah the manufacturer doesn't have to have an authorized
         | service provider, and doesn't have to support independent
         | repair services. BUT THEY STILL HAVE TO OFFER DOC, TOOLS, AND
         | PARTS.
         | 
         | Oh, and if the OEM doesn't have any authorized service
         | providers, then the OEM _is_ the authorized service provider.
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > Anyway, as far as I can tell, this law defines an independent
         | repair provider as someone with a valid and unexpired
         | certification demonstrating that they have the "technical
         | capabilities and competence necessary to safely, securely and
         | reliably repair consumer electronic equipment" and that the
         | manufacturer is allowed to decide which certifications they
         | trust.
         | 
         | What obligates Apple (or anyone) to trust ANY certification?
        
       | bobim wrote:
       | So next phone is going to be a FairPhone. Some companies are
       | playing the game, vote with your wallet.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | If they supported the US it would be a lovely option. I'm
         | personally just not buying a smartphone that isn't being tested
         | on US networks.
        
           | bobim wrote:
           | The 4 seems to be available. 5 not yet.
        
             | dangus wrote:
             | Even the 4 being available through some kind of weird but
             | official third party is kind of off to me. I really don't
             | understand how they haven't prioritized the US market by
             | now. It is probably the market that spends the most on
             | phones.
        
         | digging wrote:
         | > vote with your wallet.
         | 
         | In other words, do nothing of any impact.
        
           | bobim wrote:
           | it's just that it's the only lever you have at hand that is
           | actually wired to something.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | People on this forum would likely have much more impact by
             | writing + hosting an open-source SPA that replaces a
             | proprietary phone app. Starter project:
             | 
             | https://www.weather.gov/documentation/services-web-api
        
       | sircastor wrote:
       | There's a lot about right to repair that's important. One thing
       | I'm curious about is how "certified" correlates with "how we want
       | you to fix it"
       | 
       | Apples approach has often been at a module level: replace the
       | logic board, replace the battery, etc. Board repair houses often
       | operate at the component level: replace a damaged chip.
       | 
       | In the case of the latter, access to schematics and board layout
       | makes this possible, and I'm sure Apple (and everyone else) has
       | zero interest in making these available. Likewise with custom
       | parts. Modules, but not chips.
        
         | UberFly wrote:
         | I don't understand who hands out the certifications. Apple?
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | > Apples approach has often been at a module level: replace the
         | logic board, replace the battery, etc. Board repair houses
         | often operate at the component level: replace a damaged chip.
         | 
         | With a VERY liberal view of "module". I had an MBA with a
         | damaged battery charging circuit. Battery was fine. Computer
         | was fine on AC. Just couldn't get current to battery. Oh, okay,
         | few hundred bucks?
         | 
         | "The estimate to repair is $850..."
         | 
         | Followed rapidly, "Do you want to take a look at the new MBAs
         | and maybe we look at you getting into something upgraded
         | instead?"
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | [dupe]
       | 
       | Some more discussion last week:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39606952
        
       | chalst wrote:
       | -> But it also takes aim at "parts pairing," or the practice of
       | preventing you from replacing device parts without the approval
       | of a company or its restrictive software. Apple, which routinely
       | uses this practice to try and monopolize repair, lobbied
       | extensively against the Oregon bill. As usual, under the (false)
       | claim that eliminating parts pairing would put public safety and
       | security at risk:
       | 
       | -> "We remain very concerned about the risk to consumers imposed
       | by the broad parts-pairing restrictions in this bill," John
       | Perry, principal secure repair architect for Apple, said at a
       | legislative hearing last month."
       | 
       | There was a time when interpreting the "risk to consumers" as a
       | risk of being prevented from gouging consumers would be cynical.
       | Now I guess something like that occurred to the lawyers.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | It does sound like this means it's now easier to get a touch
         | screen, embed a tap logger in it, and then swap someone else's
         | screen with it. (Similarly, for the camera module, etc, etc.)
         | 
         | A better approach would be to force Apple to allow the device
         | owner to pair parts (third party or not), and for Apple to
         | provide a list of authorized non-OEM parts to anyone that was
         | considering buying a used phone.
         | 
         | Also, I wonder what this does to the anti-theft mechanisms.
         | Before touch id, basically nobody set screen passwords, and
         | phones were stolen at extremely high rates. After that, and
         | because a stolen iPhone is marked as such and won't work with
         | Apple services, phone theft dropped to almost zero.
         | 
         | If Apple's not allowed to prevent the pairing of the stolen
         | parts in Oregon, I'm guessing it will lead to a black market
         | industry there, where people launder stolen phone parts into
         | refurbished phones by mixing them with parts from broken
         | phones.
        
           | dns_snek wrote:
           | The point of module-level pairing is to make every module is
           | identifiable, correct? Furthermore, these devices are only
           | usable when connected to the internet.
           | 
           | IF their goal was merely to prevent theft, they could achieve
           | that goal by simply blacklisting individual components when a
           | device is reported stolen. Apple knows precise serial numbers
           | of every paired component installed in that device, they just
           | need to host a database of stolen parts that devices could
           | query on every boot and on a set interval.
           | 
           | Of course, that's not their true goal, so they treat everyone
           | like thieves in the hopes that they buy a new device instead.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | What happens if that service is down. Or if a state actor
             | decides to DDOS it to cause havoc.
             | 
             | Of course since this process needs to access networking
             | stack etc it's going to be trivial to bypass if the device
             | is jailbroken. Which means that users buying stolen phones
             | need to be informed not to upgrade the OS otherwise their
             | device is bricked. E-waste implications would be
             | staggering.
        
               | dns_snek wrote:
               | Nothing happens if the service is down. They could just
               | as easily DDoS other Apple services, most of them would
               | cause actual havoc if they were down - iMessage, iCloud,
               | Apple Pay, Sign in with Apple, etc.
               | 
               | If the device is jailbroken then all bets are off
               | regardless? If you can bypass the theft database check,
               | you can bypass the current parts pairing check, too.
               | 
               | > E-waste implications would be staggering.
               | 
               | Is that meant to support your argument? That's the status
               | quo.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | If the service is down then how would the validation
               | happen. Or if you just allow stolen components to be
               | accepted whilst the phone is unvalidated then state
               | security services will just DDOS the service. They would
               | love to be able to swap out a screen and gain access to
               | the password for journalists, dissidents etc.
               | 
               | And you can't bypass the current pairing check since it
               | is happening before the OS is launched.
        
               | dns_snek wrote:
               | I'm sorry but that's just a fairytale. Nobody is going to
               | go through a 10 step process that hinges on someone's
               | phone being stolen and returned without their knowledge
               | while successfully pulling off a DDoS attack against one
               | of the most powerful corporations on the planet that's
               | already facing constant cyber threats.
               | 
               | Extremely relevant: https://xkcd.com/538/
               | 
               | They'll just use a 0-day exploit or a $5 wrench.
        
           | tadfisher wrote:
           | You mean like every other device in the world? Should Mazda
           | be forcing me to buy a Mazda OEM or OEM-approved car battery
           | through DRM? It would prevent theft of my car to steal its
           | parts, but it would also have the curiously beneficial side
           | effect of massive profit.
        
             | burnerthrow008 wrote:
             | You mean like how California bans installation of used
             | catalytic converters? And how that law was passed
             | explicitly to cut down on converter theft?
             | 
             | You will never guess what California requires to be
             | inscribed on every converter sold in the state.
        
           | concinds wrote:
           | See iFixit explain why parts pairing doesn't help reduce
           | theft:
           | 
           | https://www.ifixit.com/News/91648/banning-parts-pairing-
           | wont...
           | 
           | If Apple disagrees with iFixit and has genuine reasons to
           | believe this will compromise security, they can share their
           | reasoning publicly and let people judge. So far I don't think
           | they have.
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | As someone who was mugged for his phone about a decade ago, I
         | am very very very much in favor of Apple continuing to require
         | this. It is very much pro consumer on the whole.
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | - Allow to remove the pairing after a timed delay, say 30
           | minutes
           | 
           | - Require authentication including a second factor to
           | initiate and confirm the removal
           | 
           | Assuming a mugger isn't likely to sit there for 30 minutes
           | given the chance someone could walk by. If this is the only
           | way to remove the part such that it can be paired with
           | another device, doesn't it solve both problems? I get the
           | feeling Apple is being a bit disingenuous with their "risk to
           | consumers" claims.
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | Look into the iPhone unlock scam networks. They're using
             | blackmail tactics as it is.
             | 
             | Anyway, no, the mugger isn't going to try to unlock it
             | while holding you at gun point. They'll rip and run, and
             | sell it for $20 to a fence who will pass it up the chain.
             | Usually they end up in other countries.
             | 
             | Similar in concept to the groups that will take cars stolen
             | in the US, grind off all the VIN plates and other
             | identifying marks, fake paperwork, and then sell them into
             | markets in Africa and the Middle East where the buyers
             | don't ask questions, and government officials are easily
             | and publically bribed.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | > drugs come in; cars go out
               | 
               | How feasible would it be to tighten up port security to
               | stop the export of stolen cars?
        
           | chalst wrote:
           | The mugging scenario shows that there are risks associated
           | with pairing removal, but the suggestion by lcnPylGDnU4H9OF
           | [1] seems to deal with this particular issue.
           | 
           | Are there any other risks?
           | 
           | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39707586 (in reply
           | to you)
        
       | pcdoodle wrote:
       | Apple behaviour has invoked the "pause button" on my purchasing
       | of new hardware from them.
       | 
       | Nobody wants to build on your platform if you're a tyrant.
        
         | RussianCow wrote:
         | > Nobody wants to build on your platform if you're a tyrant.
         | 
         | [citation needed]
         | 
         | In practice, I think people mostly follow the money and
         | idealism barely factors into it.
        
       | dahdum wrote:
       | I don't think bills like this will matter in several years for
       | phones, unless they somehow start forcing manufacturers to
       | _design for_ manual repair. The end game for all these
       | manufacturers is a phone assembled, repaired, and disassembled
       | for recycling entirely by machine. I believe they already do this
       | for the recycling.
       | 
       | I support right to repair in general, and I'm not particularly
       | opposed to this bill, but it seems a bit hopeless in the long
       | run.
        
         | blkhawk wrote:
         | lol no thas not the end goal because its a net negative to
         | repair stuff no matter how cheap and easy you can do it. Every
         | repaired last years model is a this years model not sold.
         | 
         | Manufacturers try to pretend that they are pro repair but very
         | few are really.
        
           | blkhawk wrote:
           | anybody who has manual manipulators and a manual can repair a
           | manually repairable device. A device that needs special tools
           | to break open or take apart increases the likelyhood that its
           | just tossed and this years new model is bought instead.
        
           | dahdum wrote:
           | The end goal is automation and functionality regardless of
           | how difficult it makes manual repair. Almost nobody values
           | manual repair capability when purchasing, so why would
           | manufacturers?
           | 
           | Consumers just want easy repair/replace when it happens, and
           | the more resilient the product the less they care.
        
         | dns_snek wrote:
         | Even if they don't explicitly design for manual repair, forcing
         | them to publicly provide schematics, individual components
         | (directly or through an agreement with their supplier), and any
         | software required to successfully complete the repair would be
         | a big step in the right direction.
        
       | jetti wrote:
       | Most of the talk seems to be around Apple, which makes sense
       | since they were opponents of the bill but I am more interested to
       | see how this affects game console manufacturers. I had a longer
       | post I had typed out about how console manufacturers have
       | prevented non-authorized peripherals in the past with parts
       | pairing and I was curious how that would affect the consoles
       | going forward. I re-read the parts pairing section to make sure I
       | read it correctly and then stumbled upon the section that refers
       | to what the parts pairing restriction does not apply to and it is
       | clearly written out that it does not apply to video game
       | consoles. I find it very interesting that this applies to smart
       | phones but not to video game consoles at all.
        
         | dml2135 wrote:
         | The video game console question is very interesting. I think a
         | lot of right-to-repair advocates, right now, are fine with
         | carving out an exception, for a few reasons.
         | 
         | One, video game consoles have no pretense to being generalized
         | computing devices. They are more similar to appliances, and
         | while that appliance status is arguable, they are definitely
         | closer to that right now than smartphones.
         | 
         | Two, people have nostalgia for video game consoles. They like
         | the packaged nature of it and generally have more good will
         | towards console manufacturers than computer manufacturers
         | (although that part is arguable and may be changing).
         | 
         | Three is politics. It's already hard enough to go up against
         | companies like Apple to get these bills passed. You do not want
         | Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo lining up to oppose you as well.
         | 
         | With all that said though, there is no reason I can see that
         | the arguments used for right to repair -- that users should
         | have full control over the devices they own -- should not also
         | apply to video game consoles. But doing so would mean that
         | consoles are no different than PCs, and would have huge
         | implications for the industry.
         | 
         | Those lines are being blurred already with things like the
         | Steam Deck and I think we're just a few years away from that
         | upheaval, but it hasn't quite happened yet -- hence you see
         | these carve-outs.
         | 
         | edit: Upon rereading what I wrote I realize that I may be
         | conflating right-to-repair with regulations around app stores
         | and walled gardens. They're not exactly the same thing, but I
         | do think they touch on the same issues of the meaning of
         | ownership, which is what set me off.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > One, video game consoles have no pretense to being
           | generalized computing devices. They are more similar to
           | appliances
           | 
           | I repair all of my other appliances, why should this
           | particular type of appliance be any different?
        
       | shkkmo wrote:
       | What happens if a company refuses to sell in Oregon, can they
       | skirt the law?
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Oregon's laws can only apply to products sold in Oregon.
        
         | mrinterweb wrote:
         | I wonder about this too. People would probably buy through 3rd
         | parties (Amazon, etc). I don't know if the law would restrict
         | Amazon and other vendors to not sell non-compliant devices in
         | Oregon.
         | 
         | Thing is, it is not just Oregon. Massachusetts, Colorado, New
         | York, Minnesota, Maine and California all have right to repair
         | laws. It is not possible for companies to remain competitive
         | and not sell in those states.
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | Until recently you couldn't pump your own gas in Oregon
        
       | mattbillenstein wrote:
       | Recently bought a Framework laptop - their mission is easily
       | repairable diy hardware with good software (Linux!) support.
       | 
       | Still using an iPhone though - it is a bit crazy how expensive
       | these have gotten and how repairs can be so expensive.
        
       | dependsontheq wrote:
       | I think it's hilarious that a lot of people here talk about the
       | bureaucracy in Europe and then immediately switch to specific
       | state laws regulating technology for one state.
        
         | lupusreal wrote:
         | The people who oppose EU regulation of tech probably also
         | oppose this. The people who support that probably also support
         | this. The mistake you're making is _" everybody except me is
         | one person."_
        
       | tantalor wrote:
       | Letting owners repair their own devices is great and should align
       | well with existing warranties for tech stuff.
       | 
       | The other day, a volume button on my bluetooth speaker stopped
       | working and I could tell it was damaged so I opened it up and
       | found the circuit board supporting the button was snapped. When I
       | initially approached the manufacturer for a warranty, they
       | declined because they assumed I had taken the device to a non-
       | approved repair shop, which would void the warranty. When I
       | explained, no I'm the owner (here's the receipt), and I opened it
       | up to check for damage, then they fulfilled the warranty no
       | problem.
        
       | justinzollars wrote:
       | Easy solution. Just stop selling new devices in Oregon.
        
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